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    Straight Lines

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    Frederick Imperial
    1. The document discusses different types of straight line equations in a plane, including lines parallel to coordinate axes, lines through a given point with a given slope, lines with a given slope and y-intercept, and lines passing through two given points. 2. Formulas are provided for finding the equation of a line given various criteria like two points, slope and y-intercept, x-intercept and y-intercept, etc. 3. Additional concepts discussed include the normal form of a straight line and finding the distance from a point to a line. Examples are provided to illustrate each type of line equation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Straight Lines

    Uploaded by

    Frederick Imperial
    55 views28 pages
    1. The document discusses different types of straight line equations in a plane, including lines parallel to coordinate axes, lines through a given point with a given slope, lines with a given slope and y-intercept, and lines passing through two given points. 2. Formulas are provided for finding the equation of a line given various criteria like two points, slope and y-intercept, x-intercept and y-intercept, etc. 3. Additional concepts discussed include the normal form of a straight line and finding the distance from a point to a line. Examples are provided to illustrate each type of line equation.

    Original Description:

    an analytical geometry lesson

    Original Title

    straight lines

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    1. The document discusses different types of straight line equations in a plane, including lines parallel to coordinate axes, lines through a given point with a given slope, lines with a given slope and y-intercept, and lines passing through two given points. 2. Formulas are provided for finding the equation of a line given various criteria like two points, slope and y-intercept, x-intercept and y-intercept, etc. 3. Additional concepts discussed include the normal form of a straight line and finding the distance from a point to a line. Examples are provided to illustrate each type of line equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    55 views28 pages

    Straight Lines

    Uploaded by

    Frederick Imperial
    1. The document discusses different types of straight line equations in a plane, including lines parallel to coordinate axes, lines through a given point with a given slope, lines with a given slope and y-intercept, and lines passing through two given points. 2. Formulas are provided for finding the equation of a line given various criteria like two points, slope and y-intercept, x-intercept and y-intercept, etc. 3. Additional concepts discussed include the normal form of a straight line and finding the distance from a point to a line. Examples are provided to illustrate each type of line equation.

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    STRAIGHT LINES/ FIRST DEGREE

    EQUATIONS

    Prepared by:
    Prof. Teresita P. Liwanag – Zapanta
    B.S.C.E., M.S.C.M., M.Ed. (Math-units), PhD-TM (on-going)
    STRAIGHT LINES
    A straight line is a locus of a point that
    moves in a plane with constant slope. It may also
    be referred to simply as a line which contains at
    least two distinct points.

    LINES PARALLEL TO A COORDINATE AXIS


    If a straight line is parallel to the y-axis, its
    equation is x = k, where k is the directed distance
    of the line from the y-axis. Similarly, if a line is
    parallel to the x-axis, its equation is y = k, where
    k is the directed distance of the line from the
    x-axis.
    The equation of the line through a given
    point P1 (x1, y1) whose slope is m.

    x
    Generally,

    Considering points P(x, y) and P1 (x1, y1),

    Therefore, m (x – x1) = y – y1
    The equation of the line having the slope,
    m, and y-intercept (0, b)

    y P (x, y)

    (0, b)

    x
    Generally,

    Considering points P(x, y) and (0, b),

    mx = y –b
    Therefore, y = mx + b
    The equation of the line whose x and y
    intercepts are (a, 0) and (0, b) respectively.
    y

    B (0, b)

    b-y P (x, y)
    b

    y
    A (a, 0)
    x
    x a-x
    a
    ay = -bx + ab
    IV. TWO POINT FORM

    If the line passes through the points ( x1 , y1 ) and ( x 2 , y 2 ) , then the slope
    y  y1
    of the line is m  2 . Substituting it in the point-slope formula, we have
    x 2  x1
    y  y1
    y  y1  2 ( x  x1 ) which is the standard equation of the two-point form.
    x 2  x1
    The equation of the line through points
    P1 (x1, y1) and P2 (x2, y2)

    P2(x2, y2)
    y

    P (x, y)

    P1(x1 , y1 )
    x
    Considering points P1 (x1, y1) and
    P2 (x2, y2),

    Considering points P(x, y) and P1 (x1, y1),


    2

    Equation 1 = Equation 2
    Examples:
    I.Find the general equation of the line:
    a. through (2, -7) with slope 2/5
    b. with slope 3 and y-intercept 2/3
    c. passing through (4, -5) and (-6, 3)
    d. with x-intercept of 4 and y-intercept of -6
    e. with slope 1/3 and passing through (5, -3)
    f. passing through (-2, -7) and has its intercepts
    numerically equal but of opposite signs
    g. Determine the equation of the line passing
    through (2, -3) and parallel to the line passing
    through (4,1) and (-2,2).
    h. Find the equation of the line passing through
    point (-2,3) and perpendicular to the line
    2x – 3y + 6 = 0
    i. Find the equation of the line, which is the
    perpendicular bisector of the segment connecting
    points (-1,-2) and (7,4).
    j. Find the equation of the line whose slope is 4
    and passing through the point of intersection of
    lines x + 6y – 4 = 0 and 3x – 4y + 2 = 0
    II. The points A(0, 0), B(6, 0) and C(4, 4) are
    vertices of triangles. Find:
    a. the equations of the medians and their
    intersection point
    b. the equations of the altitude and their
    intersection point
    c. the equation of the perpendicular bisectors of
    the sides and their intersection points
    NORMAL FORM OF THE STRAIGTH LINE

    A N
    y

    C (x1, y1)
    P
    y1

    x
    B
    x1
    Let: AB – given line
    ON – line perpendicular to AB
    C– point of intersection with coordinates
    (x1,y1)
    Recall: m = tanθ where: m – slope of line
    θ – Inclination of line
    mON = tanω therefore, mAB = -1/ tanω
    mAB = - cotω
    mAB = - cosω/sinω
    x1 = Pcosω
    y1 = Psinω
    DISTANCE FROM A POINT TO LINE

    P1 (x1,y1)
    d

    ω x

    L L1
    Sign Conventions:

    a. The denominator is given by the sign of B.


    b. The distance (d) is positive (+) if the point
    P1 (x1 ,y1) is above the line.
    c. The distance (d) is negative (-) if the point
    P1 (x1 ,y1) is below the line.
    Examples:
    1. Find the distance from the line 5x = 2y + 6 to the
    points
    a. (3, -5)
    b. (-4, 1)
    c. (9, 10)
    2. Find the equation of the bisector of the pair of acute
    angles formed by the lines 4x + 2y = 9 and 2x – y = 8.
    3. Find the equation of the bisector of the acute angles
    and also the bisector of the obtuse angles formed by
    the lines x + 2y – 3 = 0 and 2x + y – 4 = 0.

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