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    Pumps and Gas-Moving Equipment Pumps

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    Anonymous K3FaYFl
    Let's solve this step-by-step: 1) Cylinder capacity: Vz = π·D2/4·S = π·(0.2 m)2/4·0.25 m = 0.0314 m3 Theoretical capacity: mt = Vz·ρ1·n = 0.0314 m3·1.2 kg/m3·180 rpm·1/60 = 0.562 kg/s Actual capacity: m = mt·ηd = 0.562 kg/s·0.8 = 0.45 kg/s 2) Temperature of discharge air: CR = p2/p1 = 0.

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    Pumps and Gas-Moving Equipment Pumps

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous K3FaYFl
    59 views20 pages
    Let's solve this step-by-step: 1) Cylinder capacity: Vz = π·D2/4·S = π·(0.2 m)2/4·0.25 m = 0.0314 m3 Theoretical capacity: mt = Vz·ρ1·n = 0.0314 m3·1.2 kg/m3·180 rpm·1/60 = 0.562 kg/s Actual capacity: m = mt·ηd = 0.562 kg/s·0.8 = 0.45 kg/s 2) Temperature of discharge air: CR = p2/p1 = 0.

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    Let's solve this step-by-step: 1) Cylinder capacity: Vz = π·D2/4·S = π·(0.2 m)2/4·0.25 m = 0.0314 m3 Theoretical capacity: mt = Vz·ρ1·n = 0.0314 m3·1.2 kg/m3·180 rpm·1/60 = 0.562 kg/s Actual capacity: m = mt·ηd = 0.562 kg/s·0.8 = 0.45 kg/s 2) Temperature of discharge air: CR = p2/p1 = 0.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    59 views20 pages

    Pumps and Gas-Moving Equipment Pumps

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous K3FaYFl
    Let's solve this step-by-step: 1) Cylinder capacity: Vz = π·D2/4·S = π·(0.2 m)2/4·0.25 m = 0.0314 m3 Theoretical capacity: mt = Vz·ρ1·n = 0.0314 m3·1.2 kg/m3·180 rpm·1/60 = 0.562 kg/s Actual capacity: m = mt·ηd = 0.562 kg/s·0.8 = 0.45 kg/s 2) Temperature of discharge air: CR = p2/p1 = 0.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
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    PUMPS AND GAS-MOVING

    EQUIPMENT
    Pumps
    Positive-displacement pumps: reciprocating pump (piston, membrane)
     rotary pump (gear, vane, screw)

    1 – rotor, 2 – stator, 3 – lamela, 4 – opěrka,


    5 – reg. šroub, 6 – narážka
    Centrifugal pumps:  radial-flow pump (centrifugal)
     axial-flow pump (propeller)

    Centrifugal pump Propeller pump

    1 – impeller
    2 – diffuser
    Basic parameters of pumps
     flow-rate of pumping liquid V [m3·s-1] (discharge)
     mechanical energy added to fluid by pump e (Y) [J·kg-1]

    1 2 2 1 2 2 p1 p2
     1 u1   2 u 2    gh1  gh2  ez  e  0
    2 2  

     brake power of pump Pp [W]


     V  Y
    Pp 

    efficiency of liquid pumping
     electric power input Pe [W]
    Pp
    Pe 
    m
    total mechanical efficiency
    Typical shape of pump characteristics
    Positive-displacement pump

    Vt  nV p
    Centrifugal pumps
    Centrifugal pump Propeller pump
    Suction lift of pumps – NPSH
    If the pressure on the liquid in the suction line drops below the vapor pressure p´´,
    some of the liquid flashes into vapor – rise of cavitation. Than no liquid can be drawn
    into pump, and vibration can occur.
    To avoid flashes of vapour or cavitation, the pressure at the inlet of the pump must
    be greater than this vapor pressure and exceed it by a value termed the Net Positive
    Suction Head – NPSH (Δps).

    p1 ps  s2u s2
      ghs   ezs
      2

     s2 u s2
      p s  p  p s
    2

    p s  Ys 
    ps , Ys , hs  f V 
    p s   g hs
    Determination of duty point of pump
    Duty point of pump is obtained as intersection of system characteristic (pipe and
    local resistance, filters, heat exchangers) with pump characteristic.

    system characteristics

    pump characteristic

    p2  p1
    e  g h2  h1   ez

    Parallel and series connection of pumps

    common characteristic

    common characteristic

    =
    EXAMPLE: Design of basic parameters of pump
    Water with temperature 80°C ( = 971,8 kg•m-3 a  = 0,355 mPa•s) is
    pumping from storage tank with atmospheric pressure into heat exchanger
    with pressure atmospheric 100 kPa. Length of suction pipe is 15 m, total
    length of delivery pipe is 55 m. Suction and delivery pipes are made from
    slightly corroded steel tubes with outside diameter 76 mm and thickness of
    wall 3 mm (average roughness of pipe wall kav = 0.3 mm). Choose suitable
    pump with give discharge of water about 300 l•min-1. Determine duty point of
    pump and check suction lift of pump.

    7m
    Selection of pump type
    Determination of system (pipe) characteristic
    -1
    V [l·min ] 25 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
    Re 2,08E+04 4,14E+04 8,23E+04 1,25E+05 1,66E+05 2,08E+05 2,47E+05 2,91E+05
    l 0,0347 0,0323 0,0308 0,0303 0,0300 0,0298 0,0297 0,0296
    H p [m] 16,51 16,57 16,78 17,14 17,64 18,27 19,05 19,96
    Determination of duty
    point of pump
    Gas-moving machinery
    Compression ratio p2 /p1:  Fans (small value of CR  1, incompressible flow)
     Compressors (greater value of CR)
     Blowers (atmospherics suction pressure, CR < 3)
    Vacuum pumps – equipment for gases removal from closed spaces
    Positive-displacement compressors
    Piston compressor Screw compressor

    Liquid ring vacuum pump

    Rotary piston compressor


    Dynamic compressors
    Two-stage radial turbocompressor Axial turbocompressor

    Jet ejector
    Compressor duty cycle

    Vz – cylinder capacity (displacement)


    Vs – suction volume
    V0 – clearance space
    Ve – volume of clearance space expansion
    Basic parameters of compressors
     brake power of compressor P [W]
    cad  ad m  0.5  0.8
    P  Pad / cad mechanical efficiency
    adiabatic efficiency

     1
     mechanical energy work e (Y) [J·kg-1]  
     p1  p2  
    de  d p/  ead     1
      1 1  p1  
    adiabatic process: p·v =  
    const
    polytrophic process:   n

     1
     
      p2  

    Pad  ead m  ead 1 V  p1V1    1
     
     1  p1  
     
     theoretical capacity of single cylinder and action compressor m t [kg·s-1]

    m t  S  L   g  n

     transport efficiency d

    d  o š t n The main effect – volumetric efficiency

    š t n  0,75  0,95


    leakages
    gases expansion from
    clearance space –
    volumetric efficiency pressure losses in gases heating at
    Vs Vz  Vo  Ve suction suction
    o  
    Vz Vz
    o = 0  critical CR p2/p1, all sucked gas is compressed into clearance space

     capacity of compressor 
    m [kg·s-1]

    m
    d   m  m t  d
    m t
    RT
     heating during compression p  v n  const., pv 
    M
    1
    1
    T2  p2  n
      
    T1  p1 
    EXAMPLE: Basic parameters of piston compressor
    Single-stage double-action piston compressor with speed 180 rpm is used
    for compression of air with temperature 20°C from atmospherics pressure to
    0.4 MPa. Inside diameter of cylinder is 200 mm and piston stroke is 250 mm.
    Suppose polytrophic compression with exponent 1.2.
    Determine:
    1) capacity of compressor (transport efficiency ηd = 0.8)
    2) temperature of discharge air
    3) power consumption of compressor (adiabatic efficiency ηcad = 0.6)

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