Pumps
Pumps
Pumps
Pumps
General Issues
FLUID FLOW - PUMPS
Centrifugal pumps
1. Volute pumps (shell and simple impeller).
2. Diffuser pumps (diffuser vanes around the impeller).
3. Turbine pumps.
4. Propeller pumps.
ADVANTAGES:
• Low cost - easy maintenance.
• Do not produce a lot of noise.
• Uniform discharge (no oscillations).
DISADVANTAGES:
• Do not produce large heads.
• Do not work well with high viscosity fluids.
3
2
Control valve
p2 V2
2
p1 V1
2
Z2 + + − Z1 + + = h − h f
g 2 2 g g 1 2 g
Hydraulic Horsepower
Q( gpm)TDH ( psi)
Wh (hp) =
Shaft Efficiency 1714.3
Wh
h=
Wb
Wh = theoretical required power (hp)
Wb= actual shaft work or brake-horsepower
Note: h < 1 because there are friction losses inside the pump.
NPSHA:
Specification Criteria
head
(Pd-PS) Rotary
Reciprocating
Centrifugal
Positive displacement
pumps give an approximate
constant flow
Flowrate
(gpm)
NPHSR
h
Want to operate
somewhere here
6”
70% Efficiency
60%
8”
Characteristic
Curve
Impeller size
6” 8”
Q (flow rate)
ChE 4253 - Design I
Specifying a Pump
3
2
Control valve
Hs
Need to calculate: As flow increases
friction losses
System head increase
HS = -[(P4-P3)+(P2-P1)]
Pump head: Hp
friction
losses
But: Hp = Hs
Static
head Flow rate
ChE 4253 - Design I
Specifying a Pump
Hs
Valve closes
Flowrate
H
Pump curve
System curve
Max. flow in
this interval
Flowrate
NPSHA = (P2-PV)/rg
1
Pumps in parallel:
Pumps in series: