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    04 - Pressure Drop With Notes

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    Numb Jazz
    This document discusses the basics of modeling pressure in pipe systems for process design. It covers factors that influence pressure drop, how to model a pipe system by dividing it into sections and calculating the outlet pressure for each based on inlet pressure and pressure drop. The document discusses determining local pressure at each section, plotting system curves, and providing examples of common questions involving solving for unknown values like flow, pressure, or pipe properties. An example problem is given involving pumping ammonia between a synthesis and storage tank while considering pipe sizing and necessary pump pressure increases at different flow velocities.

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    04 - Pressure Drop With Notes

    Uploaded by

    Numb Jazz
    21 views18 pages
    This document discusses the basics of modeling pressure in pipe systems for process design. It covers factors that influence pressure drop, how to model a pipe system by dividing it into sections and calculating the outlet pressure for each based on inlet pressure and pressure drop. The document discusses determining local pressure at each section, plotting system curves, and providing examples of common questions involving solving for unknown values like flow, pressure, or pipe properties. An example problem is given involving pumping ammonia between a synthesis and storage tank while considering pipe sizing and necessary pump pressure increases at different flow velocities.

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    This document discusses the basics of modeling pressure in pipe systems for process design. It covers factors that influence pressure drop, how to model a pipe system by dividing it into sections and calculating the outlet pressure for each based on inlet pressure and pressure drop. The document discusses determining local pressure at each section, plotting system curves, and providing examples of common questions involving solving for unknown values like flow, pressure, or pipe properties. An example problem is given involving pumping ammonia between a synthesis and storage tank while considering pipe sizing and necessary pump pressure increases at different flow velocities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views18 pages

    04 - Pressure Drop With Notes

    Uploaded by

    Numb Jazz
    This document discusses the basics of modeling pressure in pipe systems for process design. It covers factors that influence pressure drop, how to model a pipe system by dividing it into sections and calculating the outlet pressure for each based on inlet pressure and pressure drop. The document discusses determining local pressure at each section, plotting system curves, and providing examples of common questions involving solving for unknown values like flow, pressure, or pipe properties. An example problem is given involving pumping ammonia between a synthesis and storage tank while considering pipe sizing and necessary pump pressure increases at different flow velocities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Basics in Process Design

    Pressure in pipe systems


    Chemical Engineering Design,
    Towler, Sinnott, 2013

     Block flow diagrams


     Calculate flows from mass and
    energy balances
     Rough sizing of equipment for
    – storage
    – preprocessing
    – reaction
    – separation,
    – heat exchange
    – transport
     Instrumentation
     Cost estimates
    Today

     Factors influencing
    pressure in pipes
     Modelling
     Local pressure
     System curve
     Typical questions
     Example
    Factors influencing
    pressure drop in pipes
     Height difference, inlet and outlet pressure,
    flow velocity
     Pipe length, pipe diameter, surface roughness,
    pipe fittings, configuration
     Fluid density and viscosity
    Modelling
     Draw a diagram of the pipe system
     Divide the pipe system into logical sections
     Note what is known and unknown (flow velocity/
    inlet pressure/ outlet pressure/ pressure drop/
    pipe length/ pipe diameter/ pipe parts/ height
    differences/ densities/ viscosities/ pipe data ...
     For each section:
    – Outlet pressure = inlet pressure – pressure drop

      1
    pout  pin    g  zin  zout  p pump     w   
    2

    2
    Local pressure
     Pressure at each section boundary
     Plotted against pipe length

     Fluid might change phase if pressure too low


    → could change flow calculations
     Can the pipe handle the pressure?
    129

    128

    127

    126

    pressure (kPa) 125

    124

    123

    122

    121

    120

    119
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12
    pipe length from inlet (m)
    System curve
     Necessary pressure increase or
    decrease in pipe system
    for certain flows
     Can be used with
    pump curves or
    valve curves

      1
    p pump  pout  pin    g  zin  zout     w   
    2

    2
    Typical questions
     inlet pressure, outlet pressure, pipe system
    and fluid properties → flow in pipe
     flow, outlet pressure, pipe system and fluid
    properties → inlet pressure
     flow, outlet pressure, inlet pressure and
    fluid properties → pipe system

     Iterative solution – guess, calculate, check,


    guess better, calculate ....
    Flow velocity
    180000

    160000
    cost of
    pumping
    cost of pipe
    140000

    total cost
    120000
    total price (€)

    100000

    80000

    60000

    40000

    20000

    0
    0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5
    flow velocity (m/s)
    Example

     Pump ammonia from synthesis to storage tank


     Inlet pressure 3 bar, temperature -33 C
     Outlet 30 m higher than inlet and 200 m away
     Pipe size? Necessary pressure increase in
    pump at different volume flows
     Ammonia properties? Pipe roughness?
    – http://www.peacesoftware.de/einigewerte/nh3_e.ht
    ml
    – http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ammonia-
    d_971.html
    Questions?

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