Aws Lambda Tutorial

AWS Lambda
i
AWS Lambda
About the Tutorial

AWS Lambda is a service which computes the code without any server. It is said to be
serverless compute. The code is executed based on the response of events in AWS services
such as adding /removing files in S3 bucket, updating Amazon DynamoDB tables, HTTP
request from Amazon API Gateway etc.
Audience
This tutorial is designed for software programmers who want to learn the basics of AWS
Lambda and its programming concepts in simple and easy way. This tutorial will give you
enough understanding on various functionalities of AWS Services to be used with AWS
Lambda with illustrative examples.
Prerequisites
To work with AWS Lambda, you need a login in AWS. The details on how to get free login is
discussed in tutorial. AWS Lambda supports languages like NodeJS, Java, Python, C# and Go.
If you are novice to any of these technologies, we suggest you to go through tutorials related
to these before proceeding with this tutorial.
Copyright &Disclaimer
© Copyright 2018 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.
All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I)
Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish
any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of
the publisher.
We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as
possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt.
Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website
or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this
tutorial, please notify us at contact@tutorialspoint.com
i
AWS Lambda
Table of Contents
About the Tutorial ...................................................................................................................................... i
Audience..................................................................................................................................................... i
Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................................... i
Copyright &Disclaimer ................................................................................................................................ i
Table of Contents....................................................................................................................................... ii
1. AWS LAMBDA — OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 1
What is AWS Lambda? ............................................................................................................................... 1
How AWS Lambda Works? ......................................................................................................................... 1
Advantages of using AWS Lambda ............................................................................................................. 2
Disadvantages of using AWS Lambda ........................................................................................................ 3
Events that Trigger AWS Lambda ............................................................................................................... 3
Use Cases of AWS Lambda ......................................................................................................................... 4
2. AWS LAMBDA — ENVIRONMENT SETUP ................................................................................... 6
Create login in AWS Console ...................................................................................................................... 6
Installation of Visual Studio 2017............................................................................................................. 13
AWS Toolkit Support for Visual Studio 2017 ............................................................................................ 14
AWS Lambda BoilerPlate for NodeJS ....................................................................................................... 17
Installation of Eclipse IDE ......................................................................................................................... 23
AWS Toolkit Support for Eclipse IDE ........................................................................................................ 24
3. AWS LAMBDA — INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 29
AWS Console ........................................................................................................................................... 29
Example: Creating a Function .................................................................................................................. 30
Role creation in AWS Console .................................................................................................................. 32
ii
AWS Lambda
Parts of AWS Lambda Function ................................................................................................................ 42
Configuration ........................................................................................................................................... 42
Monitoring............................................................................................................................................... 50
4. AWS LAMBDA — BUILDING THE LAMBDA FUNCTION ............................................................. 52
Steps for Building a Lambda function....................................................................................................... 52
Authoring Lambda Code .......................................................................................................................... 52
Deploying Lambda Code .......................................................................................................................... 53
Testing Lambda Code ............................................................................................................................... 53
Monitoring Lambda function ................................................................................................................... 54
5. AWS LAMBDA — FUNCTION IN NODEJS .................................................................................. 59
Handler in NodeJS .................................................................................................................................... 59
Params to Handler ................................................................................................................................... 59
Working with AWS Lambda in Nodejs8.10 ............................................................................................... 60
Context Details in NodeJS ........................................................................................................................ 62
Logging in NodeJS .................................................................................................................................... 64
Error Handling in NodeJS ......................................................................................................................... 66
6. AWS LAMBDA FUNCTION IN JAVA .......................................................................................... 68
Creating JAR file in Eclipse ....................................................................................................................... 68
Handler Details for Java ........................................................................................................................... 72
Context Object in Java ............................................................................................................................. 73
Logging in Java ......................................................................................................................................... 76
Error handling in Java for Lambda Function ............................................................................................. 78
7. AWS LAMBDA — FUNCTION IN PYTHON ................................................................................. 80
Handler Details for Python....................................................................................................................... 82
iii
AWS Lambda
Context Object in Python ......................................................................................................................... 83
Logging using Python ............................................................................................................................... 86
Error Handling in Python for Lambda function ......................................................................................... 88
8. AWS LAMBDA — FUNCTION IN GO ......................................................................................... 90
Installing Go ............................................................................................................................................. 90
AWS Lambda Function using GO .............................................................................................................. 94
Lambda function handler with Go............................................................................................................ 96
Context object with Go ............................................................................................................................ 98
Logging data .......................................................................................................................................... 101
Checking Logs in CloudWatch ................................................................................................................ 102
Function Errors ...................................................................................................................................... 103
9. AWS LAMBDA — FUNCTION IN C# ........................................................................................ 105
Handler Details for C# ............................................................................................................................ 108
Handler Signature .................................................................................................................................. 115
Context object in C# ............................................................................................................................... 117
Logging using C# .................................................................................................................................... 120
Error Handling in C# for Lambda Function .............................................................................................. 121
10. AWS LAMBDA — CONFIGURING LAMBDA FUNCTION........................................................ 123
Memory Allocation ................................................................................................................................ 123
Maximum Execution Time ..................................................................................................................... 125
IAM Role ................................................................................................................................................ 126
Handler Name........................................................................................................................................ 126
Lambda Function using Environment Variables ..................................................................................... 126
11. AWS LAMBDA — CREATING AND DEPLOYING USING AWS CONSOLE ................................ 128
iv
AWS Lambda
12. AWS LAMBDA — CREATING AND DEPLOYING USING AWS CLI........................................... 140
Installation of AWS CLI ........................................................................................................................... 140
Reference Commands for AWS CLIS ....................................................................................................... 144
create-function ...................................................................................................................................... 145
list-functions .......................................................................................................................................... 151
get-function ........................................................................................................................................... 152
get-function-configuration ..................................................................................................................... 154
get-account-settings .............................................................................................................................. 154
update-function-configuration .............................................................................................................. 155
Update-function-code ............................................................................................................................ 158
delete-function ...................................................................................................................................... 160
13. AWS LAMBDA — CREATING AND DEPLOYING USING SERVERLESS FRAMEWORK .............. 163
Install Serverless Framework using npm install...................................................................................... 163
Configure AWS Serverless Framework ................................................................................................... 167
Create AWS Lambda using Serverless Framework ................................................................................. 168
Deploy AWS Lambda using Serverless Framework ................................................................................. 176
Using API Gateway and AWS Lambda with Serverless Framework ........................................................ 181
14. AWS LAMBDA — EXECUTING AND INVOKING LAMBDA FUNCTION ................................... 190
AWS Lambda Execution Model .............................................................................................................. 190
Invoking AWS Lambda function ............................................................................................................. 191
Sample Events ....................................................................................................................................... 195
Amazon Simple Notification Service ...................................................................................................... 200
Amazon Simple Mail Service .................................................................................................................. 202
Amazon Cloudwatch Logs ...................................................................................................................... 205
Amazon API Gateway ............................................................................................................................ 205
v
AWS Lambda
15. AWS LAMBDA — DELETING LAMBDA FUNCTION ............................................................... 209
Using AWS Console ................................................................................................................................ 209
Using AWS CLI command ....................................................................................................................... 213
16. AWS LAMBDA — WORKING WITH AMAZON API GATEWAY ............................................... 217
Processes involved ................................................................................................................................. 217
Create IAM role for permission .............................................................................................................. 218
Create AWS Lambda Function ................................................................................................................ 225
Create API Gateway ............................................................................................................................... 228
Link Lambda Function to API Gateway ................................................................................................... 235
Passing Data to API Gateway ................................................................................................................. 241
17. AWS LAMBDA — USING LAMBDA FUNCTION WITH AMAZON S3 ...................................... 244
Steps for Using AWS Lambda Function with Amazon S3 ........................................................................ 244
Example ................................................................................................................................................. 244
Creating S3 Bucket ................................................................................................................................. 245
Create Role that Works with S3 and Lambda ......................................................................................... 248
Create Lambda function and Add S3 Trigger .......................................................................................... 252
18. AWS LAMBDA — USING LAMBDA FUNCTION WITH AMAZON DYNAMODB ....................... 263
Requisites .............................................................................................................................................. 263
Example ................................................................................................................................................. 263
Create Table in DynamoDB with Primary Key ........................................................................................ 264
Creating Role with Permissions to Work with DynamoDB and AWS Lambda ......................................... 269
Create Function in AWS Lambda ............................................................................................................ 274
AWS Lambda Trigger to Send Mail ......................................................................................................... 275
Add Data in DynamoDB ......................................................................................................................... 278
vi
AWS Lambda
19. AWS LAMBDA — USING LAMBDA FUNCTION WITH SCHEDULED EVENTS.......................... 280
Requisites .............................................................................................................................................. 280
Example ................................................................................................................................................. 280
Verify Email ID using AWS SES ............................................................................................................... 281
Create Role to use AWS SES, Cloudwatch and AWS Lambda .................................................................. 283
Create Lambda Function to Send Email .................................................................................................. 284
20. AWS LAMBDA — USING LAMBDA FUNCTION WITH AMAZON SNS .................................... 289
Requisites .............................................................................................................................................. 289
Example ................................................................................................................................................. 289
Create Topic in SNS ................................................................................................................................ 290
Create Role for Permission in IAM ......................................................................................................... 292
Publish to Topic to Activate Trigger ....................................................................................................... 295
Check Message Details in CloudWatch Service....................................................................................... 296
Add Code in AWS Lambda to Send Message to your Phone ................................................................... 297
21. AWS LAMBDA — USING LAMBDA FUNCTION WITH CLOUDTRAIL ...................................... 301
Requisites .............................................................................................................................................. 301
Example ................................................................................................................................................. 301
Create S3 Bucket to Store CloudTrail logs .............................................................................................. 302
Create SNS Service ................................................................................................................................. 302
Create a Trail in Cloudtrail and Assign the S3 bucket and SNS service .................................................... 303
Create IAM Role with Permission........................................................................................................... 305
AWS Lambda Configuration ................................................................................................................... 306
22. AWS LAMBDA — USING LAMBDA FUNCTION WITH AMAZON KINESIS ............................. 309
vii
AWS Lambda
Requisites .............................................................................................................................................. 309
Example ................................................................................................................................................. 309
Create Role with Required Permissions ................................................................................................. 310
Create Data Stream in Kinesis ................................................................................................................ 310
Adding Code to AWS Lambda ................................................................................................................ 314
Add Data to Kinesis Data Stream ........................................................................................................... 316
23. AWS LAMBDA — USING LAMBDA FUNCTION WITH CUSTOM USER APPLICATIONS ........... 318
Using AWS Console ................................................................................................................................ 318
Using AWS CLI ....................................................................................................................................... 320
24. AWS LAMBDA — USING AWS LAMBDA@EDGE WITH CLOUDFRONT ................................. 324
Requisites .............................................................................................................................................. 325
Create S3 Storage Bucket with File Details ............................................................................................. 325
Create Role ............................................................................................................................................ 327
Create CloudFront Distribution .............................................................................................................. 331
25. AWS LAMBDA — MONITORING AND TROUBLESHOOTING USING CLOUDWATCH ............. 342
CloudWatch Metrics .............................................................................................................................. 348
26. AWS LAMBDA —ADDITIONAL EXAMPLE ............................................................................ 350
Example ................................................................................................................................................. 350
Create DynamoDB Table ........................................................................................................................ 350
Create Form for User Registration ......................................................................................................... 354
Create AWS Lambda and API Gateway to Send OTP Message to Phone using SNS service .................... 354
Create AWS Lambda and API Gateway to POST Form Data and Insert in DynamoDB Table ................... 357
viii
AWS Lambda
Create AWS Lambda and API Gateway to Read Data from DynamodDB Table ...................................... 366
Final Working of the User Registration Form ......................................................................................... 369
ix
1. AWS Lambda — Overview AWS Lambda
AWS Lambda is a service which performs serverless computing, which involves computing
without any server. The code is executed based on the response of events in AWS services
such as adding/removing files in S3 bucket, updating Amazon dynamo dB tables, HTTP
request from Amazon API gateway etc.
To get working with AWS Lambda, we just have to push the code in AWS Lambda service.
All other tasks and resources such as infrastructure, operating system, maintenance of server,
code monitoring, logs and security is taken care by AWS.
AWS Lambda supports languages such as Java, NodeJS, Python, C# and Go. Note that AWS
Lambda will work only with AWS services.
What is AWS Lambda?

Definition of AWS Lambda as given by its official documentation is as follows :
AWS Lambda is a compute service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing
servers. AWS Lambda executes your code only when needed and scales automatically, from
a few requests per day to thousands per second. You pay only for the compute time you
consume - there is no charge when your code is not running.
How AWS Lambda Works?

The block diagram that explains the working of AWS Lambda in five easy steps is shown
below:
1
AWS Lambda
Step 1: Upload AWS lambda code in any of languages AWS lambda supports, that is NodeJS,
Java, Python , C# and Go.
Step 2: These are few AWS services on which AWS lambda can be triggered.
Step 3: AWS Lambda which has the upload code and the event details on which the trigger
has occurred. For example, event from Amazon S3, Amazon API Gateway, Dynamo dB,
Amazon SNS, Amazon Kinesis, CloudFront, Amazon SES, CloudTrail , mobile app etc.
Step 4: Executes AWS Lambda Code only when triggered by AWS services under the
scenarios such as:
 User uploads files in S3 bucket

 http get/post endpoint URL is hit
 data is added/updated/deleted in dynamo dB tables
 push notification
 data streams collection
 hosting of website
 email sending
 mobile app, etc.
Step 5 : Remember that AWS charges only when the AWS lambda code executes, and not
otherwise.
Advantages of using AWS Lambda

AWS Lambda offers multiple benefits when you are working on it. This section discusses them
in detail:
Ease of working with code

AWS Lambda gives you the infrastructure to upload your code. It takes care of maintaining
the code and triggers the code whenever the required event happens. It allows you to choose
the memory and the timeout required for the code.
AWS Lambda can also execute parallel requests as per the event triggers.
Log Provision
AWS Lambda gives the details of number of times a code was executed and time taken for
execution, the memory consumed etc. AWS CloudWatch collects all the logs, which helps in
understanding the execution flow and in the debugging of the code.
Billing based on Usage

AWS Lambda billing is done on memory usage, request made and the execution, which is
billed in increments of minimum 100ms. So for a 500ms execution, the billing will be after
every 100ms. If you specify your AWS lambda code to be executed in 500ms and the time
taken to execute is just 200ms, AWS will bill you only for the time taken, that is 200ms of
execution instead of 500ms. AWS always charges for the execution time used. You need not
pay if the function is not executed.
2
AWS Lambda
Multi Language Support

AWS Lambda supports popular languages such as Node.js, Python, Java, C# and Go. These
are widely used languages and any developer will find it easy to write code for AWS Lambda.
Ease of code authoring and deploying

There are many options available for Lambda for authoring and deploying code. For writing
your code, you can use AWS online editor, Visual Studio IDE, or Eclipse IDE. It also has
support for serverless framework which makes writing and deploying of AWS Lambda code
easy. Besides AWS console, we have AWS-cli to create and deploy code.
Other features
You can use AWS Lambda for free by getting a login to AWS free tier. It gives you service for
free for 1 year. Take a look at the free services offered by AWS free tier.
Disadvantages of using AWS Lambda

In spite of many advantages, AWS Lambda possesses the following disadvantages:
 It is not suitable for small projects.
 You need to carefully analyze your code and decide the memory and timeout. Incase
if your function needs more time than what is allocated, it will get terminated as per
the timeout specified on it and the code will not be fully executed.
 Since AWS Lambda relies completely on AWS for the infrastructure, you cannot install
anything additional software if your code demands it.
Events that Trigger AWS Lambda

The events can trigger AWS Lambda are as follows:
● Entry into a S3 object

● Insertion, updation and deletion of data in Dynamo DB table
● Push notifications from SNS
● GET/POST calls to API Gateway
● Headers modification at viewer or origin request/response in CloudFront
● Log entries in AWS Kinesis data stream
● Log history in CloudTrail
3
AWS Lambda
Use Cases of AWS Lambda

AWS Lambda is a compute service mainly used to run background processes. It can trigger
when used with other AWS services. The list of AWS services where we can use AWS Lambda
is given below:
S3 Object and AWS Lambda

Amazon S3 passes the event details to AWS Lambda when there is any file upload in S3. The
details of the file upload or deletion of file or moving of file is passed to the AWS Lambda. The
code in AWS Lambda can take the necessary step for when it receives the event details. For
example, creating thumbnail of the image inserted into S3.
DynamoDB and AWS Lambda

DynamoDB can trigger AWS Lambda when there is data added , updated and deleted in the
table. AWS Lambda event has all the details of the AWS DynamoDB table about the insert
/update or delete.
API Gateway and AWS Lambda

API Gateway can trigger AWS Lambda on GET/POST methods. We can create a form and
share details with API Gateway endpoint and use it with AWS Lambda for further processing,
for example, making an entry of the data in DynamoDB table.
SNS and AWS Lambda

SNS is used for push notification, sending SMS etc. We can trigger AWS lambda when there
is any push notification happening in SNS. We can also send SMS to the phone number from
AWS Lambda when it receives the trigger.
Scheduled Events and AWS Lambda

Scheduled Events can be used for cron jobs. It can trigger AWS Lambda to carry out the task
at regular time pattern.
CloudTrail and AWS Lambda

CloudTrail can be helpful in monitoring the logs on the account. We can use AWS Lambda to
further process the CloudTrail logs .
Kinesis and AWS Lambda

Kinesis is used to capture/store real time tracking data coming from website clicks, logs, social
media feeds and a trigger to AWS Lambda can do additional processing on this logs.
4
AWS Lambda
CloudFront and Lambda@Edge

CloudFront is a content delivery network where you can host your website and Lambda@Edge
can be used to process the headers coming from viewer request, origin request, origin
response and viewer response. The headers modification includes tasks such as modifying
cookie data, URL rewrite, used for AB testing to change the response send to the user back,
adding extra headers info for security purpose etc.
5
2. AWS Lambda — Environment Setup AWS Lambda
Before you start working with AWS Lambda, you need to have a login with Amazon console.
AWS Lambda supports two IDEs: Visual studio and Eclipse. In this chapter, we will discuss
about the installation of AWS Lambda stepwise in detail.
Create login in AWS Console

You can create your login in AWS Console for free using Amazon free tier. You can follow
these steps given below to create a login with amazon to make use of the Amazon services:
Step 1
Go to https://aws.amazon.com/free/ and click on create free account. You can see the
screenshot as given below:
6
AWS Lambda
Step 2
Click on Create a Free Account button and you will be redirected to the screen as shown
below:
Now, fill in the details of email address, password and AWS account name as per your choice
in this form shown above and click Continue.
7
AWS Lambda
Step 3
Now, you can find the screen as shown below:
Enter all the required details in this form.
Note that there are minimum charges to be paid based on country selected. The same is
refunded once the details entered are validated. You need credit or debit card details to create
the free account. For Indian users Rs 2/- is deducted and for US $1 is charged.The same is
refunded to the respective card user once the user is validated.
Please note the account is free and there is limit to the usage of the services. If the usage
exceeds the limit, the user will be charged for it.
Once the details are entered in the form shown above click Create Account and Continue.
You will be redirected to the next screen as shown below.
8
AWS Lambda
Step 4
You need to enter the payment details, that is either credit card or debit card, along with its
expiry date and the card holder's name as shown below:
9
AWS Lambda
Step 5
Once all the details are entered, click Secure Submit and it will validate the card with the
bank and will give you the OTP on your mobile which is linked with the card. You can find a
window as shown below:
Now, enter the OTP details and click Make Payment.You are charged based on the country
selected.
10
AWS Lambda
Step 6
Once the payment is done the next step is phone verification.You need to enter your mobile
number as shown below:
Once details are filled click Call Me Now. AWS will call immediately using automated system.
When prompted on call, enter the 4-digit number that will appear on your AWS site to your
phone using your phone keypad. This will verify your number and you will get the mail
activation in the mail id specified at the start while creating login.
11
AWS Lambda
Step 7
Click the mail link and enter the account name or email id and the password and login to you
to the AWS services as shown below:
The account name is displayed at top right corner as shown above. You can now start using
the AWS Lambda service. For AWS Lambda service the languages supported are NodeJS,
Python, Java, C# and Go.
12
AWS Lambda
Installation of Visual Studio 2017

There are 2 IDEs compatible with AWS: Visual Studio and Eclipse. In this section, we will
discuss installation of Visual studio 2017 on Windows, Linux Mac. Go to the official site of
Visual Studio : https://www.visualstudio.com/downloads/. You can find the welcome screen
as shown:
Download the community version ie Visual Studio Community 2017 as its a free now for
practice. Once installed, it will run you through the installation steps where you need to select
packages to be used later. You can select nodejs, python, c# package for us to work later.
13
AWS Lambda
AWS Toolkit Support for Visual Studio 2017

Once you have Visual Studio 2017 installed, you will have to follow the given steps for
installing AWS Toolkit support for Visual Studio 2017:
Step 1
Go to https://aws.amazon.com/visualstudio/ and download the AWS toolkit for Visual Studio.
The display is as shown below:
Note that the package downloaded for Visual Studio 2017 is vsix package. If your visual
studio version is between 2013-2015, it will install a msi installer. Click the Download button
as shown below.
14
AWS Lambda
Step 2
Now, double click the vsix package downloaded and it will run you through installation steps
as shown below:
Once Visual Studio is successfully installed, you can see a window, as shown below:
15
AWS Lambda
Step 3
Now, open Visual Studio 2017 and you should see a welcome page from AWS as shown below:
Note that you need to add the access key, secret key, account number to get started and use
the AWS services from visual studio.s
16
AWS Lambda
AWS Lambda BoilerPlate for NodeJS

You can use it with visual studio code as shown below.
Step 1
You can download Visual studio code for free from the official
website:https://www.visualstudio.com/downloads/. The home page of Visual Studio
downloads looks like this:
17
AWS Lambda
Step 2
Now, open Visual Studio code as shown below:
18
AWS Lambda
Step 3
To install support
for AWS, support
for nodejs
option is
available inside
extensions. You can search for AWS and it will display the option as follows:
Step 4
Now, install the boilerplate for AWS Lambda in nodejs as shown:
19
AWS Lambda
Step 5
Click the repository and clone it in Visual Studio to start writing the Lambda function in Visual
Studio. It redirects you to this repository which we can clone in Visual Studio :
https://github.com/loganarnett/vscode-lambda-snippets. Now, open command palette from
View option in Visual Studio.
Step 6
Click on it and choose git clone as shown below:
20
AWS Lambda
Step 7
Enter the repository url and save it as per your choice locally. Create index.js file as shown
below to work with lambda function:
21
AWS Lambda
22
AWS Lambda
Installation of Eclipse IDE

Now, you will have to install latest eclipse Java EE IDE.You can download it from Eclipse official
site: https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/
23
AWS Lambda
AWS Toolkit Support for Eclipse IDE

Once Eclipse is installed, perform the following steps:
Step 1
Go to help from the menu and click Install New Software.
Step 2
Enter https://aws.amazon.com/eclipse in the text box labeled Work with at the top of the
dialog.
Step 3
Now, select the required AWS Core Management Tools and other optional items from the
list shown below.
Step 4
Now, click Next. Eclipse will guide you through the remaining installation steps as given in
the further steps given below.
24
AWS Lambda
Step 5
The AWS core modules are displayed in the grid below as shown in the screenshot given
below:
25
AWS Lambda
Step 6
Once installed the AWS tool will be available in Eclipse as shown below:
26
AWS Lambda
27
AWS Lambda
Step 7
You can see the following screen when you click on the Amazon service.
Now, click on AWS Explorer to see the services available. We shall discuss how to work with
the installed IDE in upcoming chapters.
28
3. AWS Lambda — Introduction AWS Lambda
AWS Lambda is a service which takes care of computing your code without any server. It is
said to be serverless compute. The code is executed based on the response of events in AWS
services like adding /removing files in S3 bucket, updating Amazon DynamoDB tables, HTTP
request from Amazon Api gateway etc.
AWS Lambda code can be written in NodeJS, Java, C#, Python and Go. This chapter will talk
in detail about creating AWS Lambda function in AWS console.
AWS Console
Login to AWS Console at the link https://aws.amazon.com/console.Once you login into
it, it will redirect you to the screen where AWS services are displayed.
29
AWS Lambda
Example: Creating a Function

Let us understand the functionality of AWS Console with the help of an example. Click on
Lambda (marked above), it will redirect to create function as shown below:
Click Create function button and the screen displays following details:
Note that, by default, the option is Author from scratch. This option lets you to write the
Lambda code from scratch.It will just have a simple function with helloworld message.
30
AWS Lambda
The second option Blueprints has following details.
It gives details of code already written for some of the aws services in languages available
with AWS Lambda. In case you need to write AWS Lambda code for any services you can
check in blueprints and get started.
The third option Serverless Application Repository has the setup of serverless application
which will help to deploy the AWS Lambda code.
In the discussion futher, we will work on the first option where we create the AWS lambda
function using Author from scratch.
Before we create Lambda function, will need a role i.e, permission for working with AWS
services and aws lambda. Later the Role has to be assigned to aws lambda function.
31
AWS Lambda
Role creation in AWS Console

For creating a role in AWS Console, go to AWS console services and click on IAM as shown
below:
Now, if you click IAM, you will the screen as shown below:
32
AWS Lambda
If you select Roles, you can see the following buttons on the screen:
Now, click Create role.It will ask you to choose the service where you need to use the role
created.
Since we need to use this role with AWS Lambda , select Lambda and click
Next:Permissions button as shown above. The next screen displays the policy name which
is available as per AWS services.You can select the policy from here:
For example, if you want permission for AWS Lambda to work with S3 and DynamoDB, you
need to select the policy. In the searchbox, enter the AWS service and click on the checkbox.
You can select multiple policies and later click on Next:Review.
33
AWS Lambda
It is also possible to create policy of your own.For example, there is dynamodb table and you
need to give permission only to that table, under such cases you can create policy.
Click on Create policy button as shown in the screen above.Following are the details
displayed on screen.
34
AWS Lambda
Choose a Service for which you are creating the policy. Later it will display data for Actions,
Resources and Request conditions.
35
AWS Lambda
Now, we should choose the service. Let us select AWS Dynamodb from search. Actions has
following details:
Now, enter the Access level you want to give to DynamoDB. Then, Resources will display
the following details:
36
AWS Lambda
Now, select the table resource type. You can see the following output:
For permission on table, you need to Add ARN. ARN is the details which is unique to the table
created in AWS DynamoDB. You will get the details when the table is created in dynamodb.
37
AWS Lambda
If you click Add ARN and it will display following details:
38
AWS Lambda
Now, if you enter the ARN and the Region, Account and Table name will get populated.
You should click Add button to add the policy. Similarly, you can create policies for other
services.
Here, we have selected two policies AmazonS3FullAccess and

AmazonDynamoDBFullACcess.We have given full access to S3 and DynamoDB in that role.
However, it is suggested that you give permission only to necessary buckets and tables.
39
AWS Lambda
You can follow the steps discussed earlier to create the policies using ARN.
Step 1
Click Create role button to create the role. All the roles created are displayed as shown:
Step 2
Note that you can select the role you require incase you need any modification for the role
created. If we select Author from scratch option, you have to enter Name, Runtime and
Role.
40
AWS Lambda
Step 3
You can observe the following details in Runtime dropdown:
Step 4
You can select the runtime of your choice and proceed as shown.
41
AWS Lambda
Role dropdown has following options:
 Choose an existing role: This will display all the roles created in the IAM roles.
 Create new role from template(s): This will allow you to create role and will display
permission to be selected for that role. Observe the scrrenshot for a better
understanding.
 Create a custom role: This allows the user to create policies as we discussed earlier.
Step 5
Select the runtime, role and add the function. Click on Create function button to create
the lambda function. The next screen displayed is as follows:
Parts of AWS Lambda Function

There are two parts for AWS Lambda function: Configuration and Monitoring. Let us discuss
each in detail.
Configuration
The following functionalities are included in the Configuration.
Add Triggers
The triggers that are needed to added to AWS Lambda function are displayed as follows:
42
AWS Lambda
Note that when we select a trigger, we need to add the configuration details for that
trigger.For example for S3 trigger, we need to select the bucket name; for Dynamodb trigger
we need to select the table name .
Example
Let us see an example of configuration details for a S3 trigger:
Now, add configuration details for S3 trigger added:
Here you need to select the bucket name, event type on which you want to trigger Lambda,
prefix and filter pattern if any and Add the trigger.
43
AWS Lambda
Adding Code in Lambda

Now, we should focus on the Lambda code to be written.To add code in aws lambda there are
three options:
● Using the inline editor

● Using .zip file
● Upload file from Amazon S3
It is shown in the screenshot given below:
Let us discuss each of them in detail.
Using the inline editor
The inline code editor where you can write you code is as follows:
You can write your code by choosing the language of your choice. You are allowed to choose
the runtime again here.
44
AWS Lambda
Observe the following screenshot for a better understanding:
The code has to be written in index.js.Handler. Details will differ based on runtime. For
nodejs, it is filename.exportfunction which is right now index.lambdahandler.
Upload a .ZIP file
You can first write the code, zip it and upload the zip file by selecting Upload a .ZIP file.
Upload a file from Amazon S3
You can upload the file in S3 bucket and choose the option Upload a file from Amazon S3.
Note that for .ZIP and S3 it will not be possible to change the runtime.
Environment variables
They take in key value pairs and share them with AWS Lambda code.We can use environment
variables in AWS Lambda for storing the database connection details, file details as to store
the output , log file details etc.
45
AWS Lambda
Tags
They are key-value pairs added to AWS Lambda for better organizing the function when used
across different regions. For a simple use case, it is not required. When there are lot of Lambda
functions created, the tagging helps in filtering and managing the Lambda functions.
Execution role
You can change the role again here if not done properly at the start of creating Lambda
function. You can update or create new role here. It provides same options which were
displayed at the start of creating Lambda function.
46
AWS Lambda
Basic Settings
Here you need to enter the short description of what your Lambda function is doing. Select
the memory and timeout which are required for the Lambda function.
Network
This allows you to select the VPC which will allow you to access the Lambda function from the
VPC. By default, no VPC is selected.
47
AWS Lambda
Debugging and Error Handling

For debugging and errors handling, you can select AWS service to send the details.The options
available are None, SNS and SQS.
Concurrency
This allows you to allocate a specific limit of concurrent executions allowed for this function.
Auditing and Compliance

This contains logs which are managed with the help of AWS CloudTrail.
48
AWS Lambda
Once done you need to save the changes using the Save button as shown here:
Now, if you click Test button, it will ask for a test event.You can pass a sample test event as
follows:
The test event created is as shown here:
Now, save the test event and click the test button to see the execution of AWS Lambda
function:
49
AWS Lambda
The code for index.js is as follows:
exports.lambdahandler = (event, context, callback) => {

// TODO implement
console.log(event.key1);
callback(null, 'Lambda test');
};
Note that callback function is called when there is error or success. If success, you can see
Lambda tes will get displayed.
Monitoring
Select the monitoring tab to view the execution details of Lambda function. The graphs show
the details of the execution time, errors occured etc.
50
AWS Lambda
You can also view the logs in Cloudwatch. For this, go to AWS services and select cloudwatch
as shown:
Now, select logs from left side and enter your function name in the filter:
51
4. AWS Lambda — Building the Lambda function AWS Lambda
AWS Lambda function executes a code when it is invoked. This chapter discusses all these
steps involved in the life cycle of AWS Lambda function in detail.
Steps for Building a Lambda function

The lifecycle of Lambda function includes four necessary steps:
 Authoring
 Deploying
 Monitoring
 Troubleshooting
Authoring Lambda Code

AWS Lambda function code can be written in following languages:
 NodeJS
 Java,
 Python
 C#
 Go.
We can write code for AWS Lambda using the AWS console, AWS CLI, from Eclipse IDE, from
Visual Studio IDE, serverless framework etc.
52
AWS Lambda
The following table shows a list of languages and the different tools and IDE that can be used
to write the Lambda function:
Language Tools and IDE for Authoring Lambda Code
NodeJS AWS Lambda Console
Visual Studio IDE
Java Eclipse IDE
Python AWS Lambda Console
C# Visual Studio IDE
.NET core
Go AWS Lambda Console
Deploying Lambda Code

Once you decide the language you want to write the Lambda function, there are two ways to
deploy the code:
 Directly write the code in AWS console

 Zip or jar the files with all the files and dependencies
However, remember that proper permission has to given to be given to the zip file .
Testing Lambda Code

Lambda Code can be tested for events inside the AWS Lambda console. It is also possible to
test the Lambda function from the AWS cli and serverless cli. AWS console has also event
data which can be used as sample events while testing AWS Lambda function.
53
AWS Lambda
Monitoring Lambda function

Monitoring of Lambda function can be done using the AWS CloudWatch. We can add necessary
log messages in languages we choose and see the same in AWS CloudWatch.
To start writing Lambda function, there is pattern to be followed. The following are the main
core concepts to be followed for writing a Lambda function:
Handler
Handler is a name of the AWS lambda function from where the execution starts. It appears in
AWS console as shown below:
Notice that here we have changed the default handler to another name and updated the same
in the Handler:
Note that the way a handler is called differs from the languages selected as runtime.
54
AWS Lambda
Params passed to handler

If you observe the handler function, the params passed are event, context and callback
function as shown below:
Event parameter has all the details for the trigger used.
Context parameter basically takes care of runtime details for the Lambda function to execute.
We can interact with the Lambda function using the context param. It has the details like
the time left before AWS Lambda terminates a function i.e, timeout specified while creating
Lambda function, name of the Lambda function, cloudwatch group name, arn details etc.
55
AWS Lambda
Example
Let us understand the details obtained from AWS Lambda context object with the help of an
example:

// TODO implement
console.log("context object details");
console.log(JSON.stringify(context));
};
When you execute the Lambda function shown above, you can see the following output:
Output
The context details are given as follows:
{"callbackWaitsForEmptyEventLoop":true,"logGroupName":"/aws/lambda/myfirstlambdafu
nction","logStreamName":"2018/05/20/[$LATEST]04f17ee4ff7048d5bb1fedffaa807c71","fu
nctionName":"myfirstlambdafunction","memoryLimitInMB":"128","functionVersion":"$LA
TEST","invokeid":"c931e21c-5bf3-11e8-acfe-47fdbb39eee9","awsRequestId":"c931e21c-
5bf3-11e8-acfe-47fdbb39eee9","invokedFunctionArn":"arn:aws:lambda:us-east-
1:625297745038:function:myfirstlambdafunction"}
Observe that it has details like functionName, memorylimit, requestId etc.
Logging
56
AWS Lambda
The logs added inside the Lambda function are displayed in AWS CloudWatch when the AWS
function executes. The logs syntax will vary from the langauge selected. For example in
nodejs, it is console.log.
This is the output you can see in AWS CloudWatch:
Error Handling
AWS Lambda function provides a callback function which is used to notify to the Lambda
function that an error or success has happened. Note that here we have used nodejs as the
runtime. The error handling will differ as per the language selected.
Observe the example given here for abetter understanding:

// TODO implement
var error = new Error("There is error in code");
callback(error);
};
57
AWS Lambda
Output
When you test the Lambda code, you can find the output as shown below:
The log details as follows:
58
5. AWS Lambda — Function in NODEJS AWS Lambda
Nodejs is one of the languages that AWS Lambda function supports. The version supported
with nodejs are v6.10 and v8.10. In this chapter, we will learn about various functionalities
of AWS Lambda function in NODEJS in detail.
Handler in NodeJS
To write AWS Lambda function in nodejs, we should first declare a handler first. The handler
in nodejs is name of the file and the name of the export function. For example, the name of
the file is index.js and the export function name is lambdahandler, so its corresponding
handler is index.lambdahandler
Observe a sample handler shown here:
exports.lambdahandler = function(event, context, callback) { //code goes here}
Params to Handler
Handler is the main core for building Lambda function. The handler takes three params:
event, context and callback.
Event Parameter
It has all the details of the event triggered. For example, if we are using Lambda function to
be triggered on S3, the event will have details of the S3 object.
Context Parameter
It has the details of the context such as the properties and configuration details of the Lambda
function.
Callback Function
It helps in giving details back to the caller. The structure of callback looks as follows:
callback(error, result);
The parameters of callback function are explained given below:
Error: This will have details if any error has occurred during the execution of Lambda function.
If the Lambda function succeeds, null can be passed as the first param for callback function.
Result: This will give the details of the successful execution of the lambda function. If an
error occurrs, the result param is ignored.
Note: It is not mandatory to use the callback function in AWS Lambda. In case if there is no
callback function, the handler will return it as null.
59
AWS Lambda
The valid callback signatures are given below:
callback(); // It will return success , but no indication to the caller

callback(null); // It will return success, but no indication to the caller
callback(null, "success"); // It will return the success indication to the caller
callback(error); // It will return the error indication to the caller
Whenever AWS Lambda gets executed the callback details such as error or success, are logged
in AWS CloudWatch along with console messages, if any.
Working with AWS Lambda in Nodejs8.10

Let us understand how to work with AWS Lambda in nodejs8.10 and invoke the function in
sync and async way.
Invoking Lambda Function in Sync Way

The following example gives you an idea about invoking Lambda function in sync way:
exports.handler = function(event, context, callback) {

let arrItems = [4,5,6,8,9,10,35,70,80,31];
function countevennumbers (items) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
setTimeout(() => {
let a = 0;
for (var i in items) {
if (items[i] % 2 == 0) {
a++;
}
}
resolve(a);
}, 2000);
});
}
let evennumber = countevennumbers(arrItems);
callback(null,'even numbers equals ='+evennumber);};
60
AWS Lambda
You can observe the following output after testing this code in AWS console:
Note that the output from the above code is a promise object. It does not give the count, as
the count is incremented inside a setTimeout and the function call does not wait for the
execution inside setTimeout and returns the promise object.
If we had async/await on the handler function will get exact output of from the lambda
function.
Invoking the Handler in an Async Way

The following example gives you an idea about invoking Lambda function in an async way:
exports.handler = async function(event, context, callback) {

let arrItems = [4,5,6,8,9,10,35,70,80,31];
function countevennumbers (items) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
setTimeout(() => {
let a = 0;
for (var i in items) {
if (items[i] % 2 == 0) {
a++;
}
}
resolve(a);
}, 2000);
});
}
let evennumber = await countevennumbers(arrItems);
callback(null,'even numbers equals ='+evennumber);
};
61
AWS Lambda
We have added async and await in above code. When we use await beside the function
call, the execution pauses till the promise inside the function gets resolved. Note that await
is valid only for async functions.
Context Details in NodeJS

Context object gives details such as the name of the Lambda function, time remaining in
milliseconds, request id, cloudwatch group name, timeout details etc.
The following tables shows the list of methods and attributes available with context object:
Method available for context object

Method Name Description
getRemainingTimeInMillis() This method gives the remaining time in

milliseconds until the Lambda function
terminates the function
Attributes available for context object

Attribute name Description
functionName This gives AWS Lambda function name
functionVersion This gives the version of AWS Lambda

function executing
invokedFunctionArn This will gives ARN details.
memoryLimitInMB This shows the memory limit added while

creating Lambda function
62
AWS Lambda
awsRequestId This gives the AWS request id.
logGroupName This will give the name of the cloudwatch

group name
logStreamName This will give the name of the cloudwatch log

stream name where the logs are written.
identity This will give details about amazon cognito

identity provider when used with aws mobile
sdk.
Details given are as follows:
identity.cognito_identity_id
identity.cognito_identity_pool_id
clientContext This will details of the client application when

used with aws mobile sdk.The details given
are as follows:
client_context.client.installation_id
client_context.client.app_title
client_context.client.app_version_name
client_context.client.app_version_code
client_context.client.app_package_name
client_context.custom - it has dict of custom

values from the mobile client app
client_context.env - it has environment

details from the AWS Mobile SDK
Look at the following example to get a better idea about context object:
exports.handler = (event, context, callback) => {

// TODO implement
console.log('Remaining time =>', context.getRemainingTimeInMillis());
console.log('functionName =>', context.functionName);
console.log('AWSrequestID =>', context.awsRequestId);
console.log('logGroupName =>', context.log_group_name);
console.log('logStreamName =>', context.log_stream_name);
console.log('clientContext =>', context.clientContext);
63
AWS Lambda
callback(null, 'Name of aws Lambda is=>'+context.functionName);

};
You can observe the following log output after testing this code in AWS console:
Logging in NodeJS
We can use console.log for logging in NodeJS.The log details can be fetched from CloudWatch
service against the Lambda function.
Observe the following example for a better understanding:

// TODO implement
console.log('Logging for AWS Lamnda in NodeJS');
callback(null, 'Name of aws Lambda is=>'+context.functionName);
};
64
AWS Lambda
You can observe the following screenshot from CloudWatch:
65
AWS Lambda
Error Handling in NodeJS

Let us understand how error notification is done in NodeJS. Observe the following code:

// This example code only throws error.
var error = new Error("something is wrong");
callback(error);
};
You can observe the following in the log output:
The error details are given in the callback as follows:
66
AWS Lambda
{
"errorMessage": "something is wrong",
"errorType": "Error",
"stackTrace": [ "exports.handler (/var/task/index.js:2:17)" ] }
67
6. AWS Lambda Function in Java AWS Lambda
In this chapter, let us understand in detail how to create a simple AWS Lambda function in
Java in detail.
Creating JAR file in Eclipse

Before proceeding to work on creating a lambda function in AWS, we need AWS toolkit support
for Eclipse. For any guidance on installation of the same, you can refer to the Environment
Setup chapter in this tutorial.
Once you are done with installation, follow the steps given here:
Step 1
Open Eclipse IDE and create a new project with AWS Lambda Java Project. Observe the
screenshot given below for better understanding:
68
AWS Lambda
Step 2
Once you select Next, it will redirect you the screen shown below:
69
AWS Lambda
Step 3
Now, a default code is created for Input Type Custom. Once you click Finish button the
project gets created as shown below:
Step 4
Now, right click your project and export it.Select Java / JAR file from the Export wizard
and click Next.
70
AWS Lambda
Step 5
Now, if you click Next, you will be prompted save the file in the destination folder which will
be asked when you click on next.
Once the file is saved, go back to AWS Console and create the AWS Lambda function for Java.
Step 6
Now, upload the .jar file that we created using the Upload button as shown in the screenshot
given below:
71
AWS Lambda
Handler Details for Java

Handler is package name and class name. Look at the following example to understand
handler in detail:
Example
package com.amazonaws.lambda.demo;
import com.amazonaws.services.lambda.runtime.Context;
import com.amazonaws.services.lambda.runtime.RequestHandler;
public class LambdaFunctionHandler implements RequestHandler<Object, String> {
@Override
public String handleRequest(Object input, Context context) {
context.getLogger().log("Input: " + input);
// TODO: implement your handler

return "Hello from Lambda!";
}
Observe that from the above code, the handler will be

com.amazonaws.lambda.demo.LambdaFunctionHandler
Now, let us test the changes and see the output:
72
AWS Lambda
Context Object in Java

Interaction with AWS Lambda execution is done using the context. It provides following
methods to be used inside Java:
Context Methods Description
getMemoryLimitInMB() this will give the memory limit you specified

while creating lambda function.
getFunctionName() this will give the name of the lambda

function.
getFunctionVersion() this will give the version of the lambda

function running.
getInvokedFunctionArn() this will give the ARN used to invoke the

function.
getAwsRequestId() this will give the aws request id.This id gets

created for the lambda function and it is
unique.The id can be used with aws support
incase if you face any issues.
getLogGroupName() this will give the aws cloudwatch group name

linked with aws lambda function created.It
will be null if the iam user is not having
permission for cloudwatch logging.
getClientContext() this will give details about the app and device
when used with aws mobile sdk .It will give
details like version name and code, client id,
title , app package name.It can be null.
getIdentity() this will give details about the amazon

cognito identity when used with aws mobile
sdk.It can be null.
getRemainingTimeInMillis() this will give the remaining time execution in

milliseconds when the function is terminated
after the specified timeout.
73
AWS Lambda
getLogger() this will give the lambda logger linked with

the context object.
Now, let us update the code given above and observe the output for some of the methods
listed above. Observe the example code given below for a better understanding:
@Override
context.getLogger().log("Input: " + input);
System.out.println("AWS Lambda function name: " +
context.getFunctionName());
System.out.println("Memory Allocated: " + context.getMemoryLimitInMB());
System.out.println("Time remaining in milliseconds: " +
context.getRemainingTimeInMillis());
System.out.println("Cloudwatch group name " + context.getLogGroupName());
System.out.println("AWS Lambda Request Id " + context.getAwsRequestId());
}
}
Once you run the code given above, you can find the output as given below:
74
AWS Lambda
Logs for context
You can observe the following output when you are viewing your log output:
The memory allocated for the Lambda function is 512MB.The time allocated is 25 seconds.
The time remaining as displayed above is 24961, which is in milliseconds. So 25000 - 24961
which equals to 39 milliseconds is used for the execution of the Lambda function. Note that
Cloudwatch group name and request id are also displayed as shown above.
Note that we have used the following command to print logs in Java:
System.out.println (“log message”)
The same is available in CloudWatch. For this ,go to AWS services, select CloudWatch
services and click Logs.
75
AWS Lambda
Now, if you select the Lambda function, it will display the logs date wise as shown below:
Logging in Java
You can also use Lambdalogger in Java to log the data. Observe the following example that
shows the same:
Example
import com.amazonaws.services.lambda.runtime.LambdaLogger;
@Override
76
AWS Lambda

LambdaLogger logger = context.getLogger();
logger.log("Input: " + input);
logger.log("AWS Lambda function name: " + context.getFunctionName()+"\n");
logger.log("Memory Allocated: " + context.getMemoryLimitInMB()+"\n");
logger.log("Time remaining in milliseconds: " +
context.getRemainingTimeInMillis()+"\n");
logger.log("Cloudwatch group name " + context.getLogGroupName()+"\n");
logger.log("AWS Lambda Request Id " + context.getAwsRequestId()+"\n");
}
The code shown above will give you the following output:
77
AWS Lambda
The output in CloudWatch will be as shown below:
Error handling in Java for Lambda Function

This section will explain how to handle errors in Java for Lambda function. Observe the
following code that shows the same:
package com.amazonaws.lambda.errorhandling;
@Override
throw new RuntimeException("Error from aws lambda");
} }
Note that the error details are displayed in json format with errorMessage Error from AWS
Lambda. Also, the ErrorType and stackTrace gives more details about the error.
78
AWS Lambda
The output and the corresponding log output of the code given above will be as shownin the
following screenshots given below:
79
7. AWS Lambda — Function in Python AWS Lambda
In this chapter, we will create a simple AWS Lambda function in Python and understand its
working concepts following detail.
Before proceeding to work on creating a Lambda function in AWS, we need AWS toolkit
support for Python. For this purpose, follow the steps given below and observe the
corresponding screesnshots attached:
Step 1
Login to AWS console and create Lambda function and select the language as Python.
Step 2
80
AWS Lambda
Now, click Create function button and enter the details for creating a simple AWS Lambda
in Python. This code returns the message Hello from Lambda using Python and looks as
shown here:
Step 3
Now, save the changes and the test the code to see the output. You should see the following
output and logs when you test it in AWS console using the test button from the UI.
Step 4
81
AWS Lambda
Now, you can write code inside any editor or an IDE for Python. Here, we are using visual
studio code for writing the code. You should later zip the file and upload in AWS console.
Here, we have zipped the code and using it AWS console.
Step 5
Now, select Upload a .ZIP file option as shown below:
Handler Details for Python

Note that the handler has to be name of the file followed by name of the function. In the
above case, our file name is hellopython.py and name of the function is my_handler; so
the handler will be hellopython.my_handler.
82
AWS Lambda
Once the upload is done and changes are saved, it actually shows the details of the zip file in
the online editor in AWS Lambda console. Now, let us test the code to see the output and
logs.
Now, let us understand the details of the Lambda function using the following sample code:
def my_handler(event, context):

return "aws lambda in python using zip file"
In the above code, the function name my_handler is having 2 params, event and context.
Context Object in Python

Context object gives details like the name of the Lambda function, time remaining in
milliseconds, request id, cloudwatch group name, timeout details etc.
The methods and attributes available on context object are shown in the tables given below:
Method Name Description
get_remaining_time_in_millis() This method gives the remaining time in

milliseconds until the lambda function
terminates the function
Attribute name Description
function_name This gives aws lambda function name
83
AWS Lambda
function_version This gives the version of aws lambda

function executing
invoked_function_arn This will gives ARN details.
memory_limit_in_mb This shows the memory limit added while

creating lambda function
aws_request_id This gives the aws request id.
log_group_name This will give the name of the cloudwatch

group name
log_stream_name This will give the name of the cloudwatch log

stream name where the logs are written.
identity This will give details about amazon cognito

identity provider when used with aws mobile
sdk .Details given are as follows:
identity.cognito_identity_id
identity.cognito_identity_pool_id
client_context This will details of the client application when

used with aws mobile sdk. The details given
are as follows:
client_context.client.installation_id
client_context.client.app_title
client_context.client.app_version_name
client_context.client.app_version_code
client_context.client.app_package_name
client_context.custom - it has dict of custom

values from the mobile client app
client_context.env - it has dict of

environment details from the AWS Mobile
SDK
Let us see a working example in Python which outputs the context details. Observe the code
given below:
84
AWS Lambda
print("Log stream name:", context.log_stream_name)

print("Log group name:", context.log_group_name)
print("Request ID:",context.aws_request_id)
print("Mem. limits(MB):", context.memory_limit_in_mb)
print("Time remaining (MS):", context.get_remaining_time_in_millis())
85
AWS Lambda
The corresponding output of the code shown above is given below:
Logging using Python

To log info using Python, we can use print or logger function available. Let us use the above
example of context and check in CloudWatch to see if the logs are printed. Observe the
following code:

print("Log stream name:", context.log_stream_name)
print("Log group name:", context.log_group_name)
print("Request ID:",context.aws_request_id)
print("Mem. limits(MB):", context.memory_limit_in_mb)
print("Time remaining (MS):", context.get_remaining_time_in_millis())
86
AWS Lambda
The output of this code in CloudWatch is as shown below:
\ Observe the following example to understand about using logger to print logs to
CloudWatch:
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logger.info('Using logger to print messages to cloudwatch logs')
87
AWS Lambda
The output for this will be as shown in the screenshot given below:
Error Handling in Python for Lambda function

In this section , let us see a working example which shows how to handler errors in Python.
Observe the piece of code given here:
def error_handler(event, context):

raise Exception('Error Occured!')
88
AWS Lambda
The log display is as shown in the image here:
89
8. AWS Lambda — Function in Go AWS Lambda
Go Language support is a recent addition to AWS . To work with Go, you need to select the
language from AWS console while creating the AWS Lambda function. In this chapter, let us
learn in detail about AWS Lambda function in Go language.
Installing Go
To get started we need Go Language support. In this section, we will go through following
details to start working with AWS Lambda in Go. This is the official site for Go download:
https://golang.org/dl/
Now, download the package as per the operating system. Follow the procedure given here to
install Go on the respective operating system.
Installation on Windows
Observe that for Windows, there is 32-bit and 64-bit download available. Download the zip
file and extract the contents and store it in a directory of your choice.
90
AWS Lambda
Add the environment variables available at ControlPanel ---> System ---> Advanced
system settings.
91
AWS Lambda
Now, click Environment Variables button and add the directory path as shown here:
You can also edit the sytem variable as shown here:
92
AWS Lambda
Once these steps are done, you should be able to start working with Go. Open command
prompt and check the Go command for version. Observe the following screenshot for the
same.
Installation for Linux and Mac OS

For installating packages on Linux and Mac OS, follow the instruction as shown below:
Unpack the packages and store it at the location /usr/local/go. Now, add
/usr/local/go/bin to the PATH environment variable. It can be done using /etc/profile or
$HOME/.profile.
For this purpose, you can use the following command
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
To add AWS support to for Windows, Linux and mac, use the following in your git command
line:
go.exe get -u github.com/aws/aws-lambda-go/lambda

go.exe get -u github.com/aws/aws-lambda-go/lambdacontext
go.exe get -u github.com/aws/aws-lambda-go/cmd/build-lambda-zip
To compile the code Windows/Linux/Mac, use the following commands:
GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -o main main.go

%GOPATH%\bin\build-lambda-zip.exe -o main.zip main
93
AWS Lambda
AWS Lambda Function using GO

A program returned in Go when build gives an executable file. The following is a simple
program in Go with AWS Lambda support. We need to import the github.com/aws/aws-
lambda-go/lambda, as this has the Lambda programming functionality. Another important
need for AWS Lambda is the handler.
Main.go
// main.go
package main
import (
"github.com/aws/aws-lambda-go/lambda"
)
func hello() (string, error) {

return "Hello Lambda", nil
}
func main() {
// Make the handler available for Remote Procedure Call by AWS Lambda
lambda.Start(hello)
}
Note that the execution of the Go program starts from main where lambda.start is called
with the handler function. Observe the code shown below:
func main() {
lambda.Start(hello)
}
Now, let us execute the above file using Go command and then zip the executable file.
94
AWS Lambda
The structure of the file we have been using is as shown here:
With go build, it creates an executable file called main.exe. To zip the file and upload it in
AWS Lambda, you can use the following procedure:
To compile the code Windows/Linux/Mac, use the following commands:
GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -o main main.go

%GOPATH%\bin\build-lambda-zip.exe -o main.zip main
95
AWS Lambda
Then, login into AWS console and create Lambda function using Go as runtime :
Once the function is created, upload the executable zip file created above.
Lambda function handler with Go

Handler is where the execution of the Go program starts. From main call to lambda.start,
execution is called with the handler function. Note that the handler to be added will be main.
Observe the code here for an understanding:
func main() {
lambda.Start(hello)
}
96
AWS Lambda
Follow as per the screenshots given below:
Now, save the function and test it. You can see the execution result as shown here.
97
AWS Lambda
The corresponding log output will be as shown here:
Context object with Go

AWS Lambda in Go gives following global variables and properties for context.
 MemoryLimitInMB: Memory limit, in MB that is configured in aws lambda.

 FunctionName: name of aws lambda function.
 FunctionVersion: the version of aws lambda function executing.
 LogStreamName: cloudwatch logstream name.
 LogGroupName: cloudwatch group name
The properties available on context are given as under:
AwsRequestID
This is AWS request id which you get when AWS Lambda function is invoked.
ClientContext
This contains details about the client application and device when invoked through the AWS
Mobile SDK. It can be null. Client context provides details like client ID, application title,
version name, version code, and the application package name.
InvokedFunctionArn
The ARN of the function invoked. An unqualified ARN executes the $LATEST version and
aliases execute the function version it is pointing to.
Identity
It gives details about the Amazon Cognito identity provider when used with AWS mobile SDK.
98
AWS Lambda
The changes added to main.go to print context details:
// main.go
package main
import (
"context"
"log"
"github.com/aws/aws-lambda-go/lambdacontext"
)
func hello(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {

lc, _ := lambdacontext.FromContext(ctx);
log.Print(lc);
log.Print(lc.AwsRequestID);
log.Print(lc.InvokedFunctionArn);

}
func main() {
lambda.Start(hello)
}
99
AWS Lambda
We need to import the log and lambdacontext to use it with Go. The context details are as
follows:
func hello(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {

lc, _ := lambdacontext.FromContext(ctx);
log.Print(lc);
log.Print(lc.AwsRequestID);
log.Print(lc.InvokedFunctionArn);
}
You can observe the following output on testing the above code:
100
AWS Lambda
Logging data
With Go you can log data using the log or fmt module as shown below:
// main.go
package main
import (
"log"
"fmt"
)
func hello() (string, error) {

log.Print("Hello from Lambda Go using log");
fmt.Print("Hello from Lambda Go using fmt");
}
func main() {
lambda.Start(hello)
}
The output for same is as shown below:
101
AWS Lambda
Checking Logs in CloudWatch

You can see the logs in CloudWatch also. For this, go to AWS service and select cloudwatch
and click Logs on left side. Now, search for Lambda function in the list to see the logs:
102
AWS Lambda
Function Errors
You can create custom error handling in AWS Lambda using the errors module as shown in
the code below:
// main.go
package main
import (
"errors"
)
func hello() error {

return errors.New("There is an error in the code!")
}
func main() {
lambda.Start(hello)
}
The output for the code shown above is as given below:
103
AWS Lambda
104
9. AWS Lambda — Function in C# AWS Lambda
This chapter will explain you how to work with AWS Lambda function in C# in detail. Here,
we are going to use visual studio to write and deploy the code to AWS Lambda. For any
information and help regarding installation of Visual studio and adding AWS toolkit to Visual
Studio, please refer to the Introduction chapter in this tutorial. Once you are done with
installation of Visual Studio, please follow the steps given below.Refer to the respective
screenshots for a better understanding:
Step 1
Open your Visual Studio and follow the steps to create new project. Click on File -> New ->
Project.
105
AWS Lambda
Step 2
Now, the following screen is displayed wherein you select AWS Lambda for Visual C#.
Select AWS Lambda Project (.NET Core).
You can change the name if required, will keep here the default name. Click OK to continue.
106
AWS Lambda
The next step will ask you to select a Blueprint.
Select Empty function for this example and click Finish. It will create a new project
structure as shown below:
Now, select Function.cs which is the main file where the handler with event and context is
created for AWS Lambda.
107
AWS Lambda
The display of the file Functions.cs is as follows:
You can use the command given below to serialize the input and output parameters to AWS
Lambda function.
[assembly:
LambdaSerializer(typeof(Amazon.Lambda.Serialization.Json.JsonSerializer))]
Handler Details for C#

The handler is displayed as follows:
public string FunctionHandler(string input, ILambdaContext context)

{
return input?.ToUpper();
}
}
108
AWS Lambda
Various components of the above code are explained below:
FunctionHandler: This is the starting point of the C# AWS Lambda function.
String input: The parameters to the handler string input has all the event data such as S3
object, API gateway details etc.
ILambdaContext context: ILamdaContext is an interface which has context details.It has

details like lambda function name , memory details, timeout details etc.
The Lambda handler can be invoked in sync and async way. If invoked in a sync way as shown
above you can have the return type. If async than the return type has to be void.
Now, let us deploy the AWS Lambda C# and test the same. Right click the project and click
Publish to AWS Lambda as shown below:
109
AWS Lambda
Fill up the Function Name and click on Next. The next screen displayed is the Advanced
Function Details as shown:
110
AWS Lambda
Enter the Role Name, Memory and Timeout details. Note that here we have selected the
existing role created and used memory as 128MB and timeout as 10 seconds. Once done click
Upload to publish to AWS Lambda console.
You can see the following screen once AWS Lambda function is uploaded. Click Invoke to
execute the AWS Lambda function created. At present, it shows error as it needs some input
as per the code written.
111
AWS Lambda
Now, let us enter some sample input and Invoke it again. Note that here we have entered
some text in the input box and the same on clicking invoke is displayed in uppercase in the
response section.The log output is displayed below:
112
AWS Lambda
Now, let us also check AWS console to see if the function is created as we have deployed the
function from Visual Studio.
The Lambda function created above is awslambdausingcsharp and the same is displayed
in AWS console as shown in the screenshots given below:
113
AWS Lambda
114
AWS Lambda
Handler Signature
Handler is start point for AWS to execute. The name of the handler should be defined as:
ASSEMBLY::TYPE::METHOD
The details of the signature are explained as below:
ASSEMBLY:This is the name of the .NET assembly for the application created. It is basically
the name of the folder from where the project is created.
TYPE: This is the name of the handler.It is basically the namespace.classname.
METHOD: This is the name of the function handler.
115
AWS Lambda
The code for handler signature is as shown below:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Amazon.Lambda.Core;
// Assembly attribute to enable the Lambda function's JSON input to be converted

into a .NET class.
[assembly:
namespace AWSLambda3
{
public class Function
{
/// <summary>
/// A simple function that takes a string and does a ToUpper
/// </summary>
/// <param name="input"></param>
/// <param name="context"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string FunctionHandler(string input, ILambdaContext context)
{
return input?.ToUpper();
}
}}
Note that here the assembly is AWSLamda3, Type is namespace.classname which is

AWSLambda3.Function and Method is FunctionHandler. Thus, the handler signature is
AWSLamda3::AWSLambda3.Function::FunctionHandler
116
AWS Lambda
Context object in C#
Context Object gives useful information about the runtime in AWS environment. The
properties available in the context object are as shown in the following table:
Properties Description
MemoryLimitInMB This will give details of the memory

configured for AWS Lambda function
FunctionName Name of AWS Lambda function
FunctionVersion Version of AWS Lambda function
InvokedFunctionArn ARN used to invoke this function.
AwsRequestId AWS request id for the AWS function

created
LogStreamName Cloudwatch log stream name
LogGroupName Cloudwatch group name
ClientContext Information about the client application and

device when used with AWS mobile SDK
Identity Information about the amazon cogbnito

identity when used with AWS mobile SDK
RemainingTime Remaining execution time till the function

will be terminated
Logger The logger associated with the context
117
AWS Lambda
Example
In this section, let us test some of the above properties in AWS Lambda in C#. Observe the
sample code given below:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Amazon.Lambda.Core;
// Assembly attribute to enable the Lambda function's JSON input to be converted
into a .NET class.
[assembly:
namespace AWSLambda6
{
public class Function
{
/// <summary>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="input"></param>
/// <param name="context"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public void FunctionHandler(ILambdaContext context)
{
LambdaLogger.Log("Function name: " + context.FunctionName+"\n");

context.Logger.Log("RemainingTime: " + context.RemainingTime+"\n");
LambdaLogger.Log("LogGroupName: " + context.LogGroupName+"\n");
}
}
}
118
AWS Lambda
The related output that you can observe when you invoke the above code in C# is as shown
below:
The related output that you can observe when you invoke the above code in AWS Console
is as shown below:
119
AWS Lambda
Logging using C#
For logging, you can use two functions:
 context.Logger.Log
 LambdaLogger.Log
Observe the following example shown here:
public void FunctionHandler(ILambdaContext context)

{
LambdaLogger.Log("Function name: " + context.FunctionName+"\n");

context.Logger.Log("RemainingTime: " + context.RemainingTime+"\n");
LambdaLogger.Log("LogGroupName: " + context.LogGroupName+"\n");
}
The corresponding output fo the code given above is shown here:
120
AWS Lambda
You can get the logs from CloudWatch as shown below:
Error Handling in C# for Lambda Function

This section discusses about error handling in C#. For error handling, Exception class has to
be extended as shown in the example shown below:
Example
namespace Example {
public class AccountAlreadyExistsException : Exception {
public AccountAlreadyExistsException(String message) :
base(message) {
}
}
}
namespace Example {
public class Handler {
121
AWS Lambda
public static void CreateAccount() {

throw new AccountAlreadyExistsException("Error in AWS Lambda!");
}
}
}
The corresponding output for the code given above is as given below:
"errorType": "LambdaException",
"errorMessage": "Error in AWS Lambda!"
}
122
10. AWS Lambda — Configuring Lambda Function AWS Lambda
In the previous chapters, we have learnt how to create AWS Lambda function in AWS console.
However, there are other parameters for creating a Lambda function. These include memory
allocation, timeout etc.
In this chapter, let us understand in detail about the following configuration properties for
AWS Lambda.
Memory Allocation
Login to AWS console and create or select the existing lambda function. Click the
Configuration tab to get the details of the memory allocated. Look at the screenshot shown
below:
Note that by default the memory allocated is 128MB. If you want to increase the memory
you can click the slider.
123
AWS Lambda
The memory will get incremented to 64MB as you move the slider. Observe that the
maximum memory available is 3008MB. Look at the screenshot shown below:
You can also use aws cli from command prompt to increase the memory limit. You will have
to give the memory in increments of 64MB.
Now, let us increase the memory limit of AWS Lambda with name :myfirstlambdafunction.
The memory details of the function are shown in the screenshot given below:
124
AWS Lambda
The command used to change the memory using aws cli is as follows:
aws lambda update-function-configuration --function-name your function name --

region region where your function resides --memory-size memory amount --profile
adminuser
The corresponding output of AWS Lambda function myfirstlambdafunction in AWS console

is shown here. Observe that the memory is changed from 128MB to 256MB.
Maximum Execution Time

Timeout is the time allotted to AWS Lambda function to terminate if the timeout happens.
AWS Lambda function will either run within the allocated time or terminate if it exceeds the
timeout given.You need to evaluate the time required for the function to execute and
accordingly select the time in Configuration tab in AWS console as shown below:
125
AWS Lambda
IAM Role
When creating AWS Lambda function, the role or the permission needs to be assigned. Incase
you need AWS Lambda for S3 or dynamoDB, permission with regard to the services of lambda
needs to be assigned. Based on the role assigned, AWS Lambda will decide the steps to be
taken. For example if you give full access of dynamodb, you can add, update and delete the
rows from the dynamodb table .
Handler Name
This is the start of execution of the AWS Lambda function. Handler function has the details of
the event triggered, context object and the callback which has to send back on success or
error of AWS Lambda.
The format of the handler function in nodejs is shown here:

callback(null, "hello from lambda");
};
Lambda Function using Environment Variables

In this section , we will create a simple Lambda function using environment variables added
in the configuration section. For this purpose, follow the steps given below and refer the
respective screenshots:
Step 1
Go to AWS console and create a function in Lambda as shown.
Step 2
Now, add the environment variables as shown:
126
AWS Lambda
Step 3
Now, let us fetch the same in Lambda code as follows:

var hostName = process.env.host;
var userName = process.env.username;
callback(null, "Environment Variables =>"+hostName+" and "+userName);
};
Step 4
To get the details from environment variables we need to use process.env as shown. Note
that this syntax is for NodeJS runtime.
var hostName = process.env.host;

var userName = process.env.username;
Step 5
The output for the Lambda function on execution will be as shown:
127
11. AWS Lambda — Creating and Deploying using AWS Lambda
AWS Console
We can create Lambda function and test the same in AWS console. This chapter discusses
this in detail. Forthis purpose, you will have to follow the steps given here and observe the
respective screenshots given:
Step 1
Login to AWS Console https://aws.amazon.com/console/. Now, you will be redirected to the

screen where the AWS services are displayed.
128
AWS Lambda
Step 2
Now, click on Lambda service as highlighted above. This will redirect to create function as
shown below:
Step 3Now, click Create function and enter the details of the function. Then you can see a
screen as shown below:
Step 4
You can write your code by choosing the language of your choice. The code has to be written
in editor if the option selected is edit code inline. The other options available are as follows:
Step 5
Once done you need to save the changes for which the button is given at the top right corner
as shown below:
129
AWS Lambda
Step 6
Now, click Test button. This gives all details of the execution of the Lambda function as shown
below:
Step 7
The code for index.js is as follows:

// TODO implement
};
This will call the Callback function and the result can be error or success. On success you
will see a Lambda test message; if error it will pass null.
Step 8
130
AWS Lambda
The Role details for Lambda function is a part of the configuration and is displayed as shown
below:
Step 9
Now, you can update the role if required and save the Lambda function. Then, the memory
and timeout details for lambda function are displayed as shown below:
Step 10
131
AWS Lambda
Now, we need to add trigger to the Lambda function so that it executes when the event
occurs. The trigger details are displayed at the start of the AWS Lambda function screen as
shown below:
From this, you can select the trigger you want your Lambda function to get triggered. When
you select the trigger, the config details for the trigger has to be added.
For example, for trigger on S3 the config details to be added are as follows:
Step 11
132
AWS Lambda
Now, select the bucket you want the trigger on. The event type has the following details:
Step 11
For the trigger, you can also mention the prefix type files or file pattern, the Lambda has to
be trigger. The details are as shown:
Step 12
133
AWS Lambda
Now, fill up the required details for the trigger and click Add button .Save the Lambda function
for the trigger to get added. Saving the function deploys the details, and from now onwards
anytime files are added to the S3 bucket, the Lambda will get triggered.
Observe the following screenshot which shows S3 trigger added to AWS Lambda:
Step 13
Now, let us use S3 sample event to test the Lambda function. The code for the same is shown
here:
Amazon S3 Put Sample Event
{
"Records": [
{
"eventVersion": "2.0",
"eventTime": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
"requestParameters": {
"sourceIPAddress": "127.0.0.1"
},
"s3": {
"configurationId": "testConfigRule",
"object": {
"eTag": "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef",
"sequencer": "0A1B2C3D4E5F678901",
"key": "HappyFace.jpg",
"size": 1024
},
"bucket": {
"arn": bucketarn,
134
AWS Lambda
"name": "sourcebucket",
"ownerIdentity": {
"principalId": "EXAMPLE"
}
},
"s3SchemaVersion": "1.0"
},
"responseElements": {
"x-amz-id-2":
"EXAMPLE123/5678abcdefghijklambdaisawesome/mnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGH",
"x-amz-request-id": "EXAMPLE123456789"
},
"awsRegion": "us-east-1",
"eventName": "ObjectCreated:Put",
"userIdentity": {
},
"eventSource": "aws:s3"
}
]
}
You will have to use the following command to get the details of file uploaded from the S3
put event:
event.Records[0].s3.object.key //will display the name of

the file
You will have to use the following command to get the bucket name :
event.Records[0].s3.bucket.name //will give the name of the bucket.
You will have to use the following command to get the EventName:
event.Records[0].eventName // will display the eventname
Step 14
135
AWS Lambda
Now, let us update AWS Lambda code to print the S3 details as shown below:

callback(null, "Bucket name: "+event.Records[0].s3.bucket.name+" File
name:"+event.Records[0].s3.object.key );
};
Step 15
Save the changes. Click Test and enter the S3 sample event:
Step 16
136
AWS Lambda
Now click Test and you can see the output as shown:
Step 17
To test the trigger on S3 using S3 AWS service, upload a file in S3 bucket:

testbuckettrigger. Update the role used with Lambda to take S3 and SES policy (to send
mail) for permissions. This will update AWS Lambda code to send mail to see the trigger
working:
The updated AWS Lambda code is as shown:
var aws = require('aws-sdk');

var ses = new aws.SES({
region: 'us-east-1'
});
exports.lambdahandler = function(event, context, callback) {
var eParams = {
Destination: {
ToAddresses: ["coxxxxxxx@gmail.com"]
},
Message: {
Body: {
Text: {
Data: "Bucket name: "+event.Records[0].s3.bucket.name+" File
name:"+event.Records[0].s3.object.key
}
},
Subject: {
Data: "S3 and AWS Lambda"
}
},
Source: "coxxxxxx@gmail.com"
};
137
AWS Lambda
console.log('===SENDING EMAIL===');
var email = ses.sendEmail(eParams, function(err, data) {
if (err) console.log(err);
else {
console.log("===EMAIL SENT===");
console.log("EMAIL CODE END");
console.log('EMAIL: ', email);
context.succeed(event);
callback(null, "email is send");
}
});
};
The corresponding screenshot is as shown here:
Step 18
138
AWS Lambda
Now, upload the file and check the mail id provided in AWS Lambda code:
139
AWS CLI
AWS CLI is a command line tool which helps to work with AWS services.We can use it to
create, update, delete, invoke aws lambda function. In this chapter, you will discuss about
installation and usage of AWS CLI in detail.
Installation of AWS CLI

This section will guide you through the installation of AWS CLI on various operating systems.
Follow the steps given and observe corresponding screenshots wherever attached.
For Windows
Check your Windows configuration and choose one of the following links for installing AWS
CLI MSI:
 For Windows 64 bit: AWS CLI MSI installl for windows (64bit)
 For Windows 32 bit: AWS CLI MSI installl for windows (32bit)
Once you choose corresponding link and click it, you can find a Window as shown here:
140
AWS Lambda
Next, set the Environment path in windows as shown in the screenshots below:
Once done, you can use the following command on the command prompt, to see if aws cli is
installed:
aws --version
It displays the details of aws-cli version as shown in the following screenshot:
141
AWS Lambda
For Linux / Mac

For installing on Linux and Mac, you need Python 2.6.3 or higher verison of it. Then, use
following commands for further installation processes:
$ curl "https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-cli/awscli-bundle.zip" -o "awscli-bundle.zip"

$ unzip awscli-bundle.zip
$ sudo ./awscli-bundle/install -i /usr/local/aws -b /usr/local/bin/aws
Now, we need to configure AWS settings. You can use the following command for this purpose:
aws configure
For this purpose, it requires details such as:
 AWS Access Key ID

 AWS Secret Access Key
 Default region name
 Default output from format
You can obtain these details from your aws console. Go to you Account name at top right
corner as shown:
142
AWS Lambda
Now, click My Security Credentials and select users from left side.Add user with details as
asked.
Add the user and to get the access key and secret key. To see the new access key, choose
Show. Your credentials will look like as shown below:
Access key ID: AOSAIOSFOCDD7EXAMPLE
Secret access key: aJuirCVtnROUN/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY
143
AWS Lambda
Reference Commands for AWS CLIS

The following table will give command references available to work with aws cli.
Name of aws cli command Command reference
create-function create-function --function-name <value> --

runtime <value> --role <value> --handler
<value> [--code <value>] [--description
<value>] [--timeout <value>] [--memory-
size <value>] [--environment <value>] [--
kms-key-arn <value>] [--tags <value>] [--
zip-file <value>] [--cli-input-json <value>]
list-functions list-functions [--master-region <value>] [--

function-version <value>] [--max-items
<value>] [--cli-input-json <value>] [--
starting-token <value>] [--page-size
<value>] [--generate-cli-skeleton <value>]
get-function get-function --function-name <value> [--

qualifier <value>] [--cli-input-json
get-function-configuration get-function-configuration --function-name

<value> [--qualifier <value>] [--cli-input-
json <value>] [--generate-cli-skeleton
<value>]
get-account-settings get-account-settings [--cli-input-json

update-function-configuration update-function-configuration --function-

name <value> [--role <value>] [--handler
<value>] [--description <value>] [--
timeout <value>] [--memory-size <value>]
[--vpc-config <value>] [--environment

<value>] [--runtime <value>] [--dead-
letter-config <value>] [--kms-key-arn
<value>] [--tracing-config <value>]
[--revision-id <value>] [--cli-input-json

update-function-code update-function-code --function-name

<value> [--zip-file <value>] [--s3-bucket
144
AWS Lambda
<value>] [--s3-key <value>] [--s3-object-

version <value>] [--publish | --no-publish]
[--dry-run | --no-dry-run] [--revision-id

<value>][--cli-input-json <value>][--
generate-cli-skeleton <value>]
delete-function delete-function --function-name <value> [--

qualifier <value>] [--cli-input-json
Now, let us discuss these commands one by one in detail.
create-function
This api will create a new lambda function. The code needs to be given in zip format. If the
function to be created already exists, the api will fail. Note that the function name is case-
sensitive.
Commands Included
The list of commands that you can use with create-function is given here:
create-function
--function-name <value>
--runtime <value>
--role <value>
--handler <value>
[--code <value>]
[--description <value>]
[--timeout <value>]
[--memory-size <value>]
[--environment <value>]
[--kms-key-arn <value>]
[--tags <value>]
[--zip-file <value>]
[--cli-input-json <value>]
145
AWS Lambda
Options Included
Various options that you can use with the functions above are as follows:
--function-name (string): This takes the name of the function.The name can be 64-bit
characters.
--runtime(string): Here you need to specify the runtime environment ie the language
selection. The details of the runtime are as given below:
Options available runtime
Python v3.6 python3.6
NodeJS v6.10 nodejs6.10
Java java8
C# 1 dotnetcore1.0
C# 2 dotnetcore2.0
Go go1.x
--role(string): This will be the name of the lambda policy ie the role to be given to the
lambda function for accessing other services.It will have the permission as per the role
specified.
--handler (string): This is the name of the handler where the lambda code execution will
start.
For nodejs, handler name is the module name that we export.
For java, it is package.classname :: handler or package.classname
For python, handler is nameofthefile.functionname
--code (structure): AWS Lambda code
--description (string): description for the AWS Lambda function
--timeout (integer): timeout will have the time at which the lambda function has to
terminate execution.The default is 3s.
146
AWS Lambda
--memory-size (integer): This is the memory given to the aws lambda function.AWS will
allocate the amount of CPU and memory allocation based on the memory given.
--environment (structure): its a object with environment details required in the aws
lambda function.
e.g : Variables={Name1=string,Name2=string}
--kms-key-arn (string): this is amazon resource name (ARN) used to encrypt the
environment variables.If not provided it will take the default settings to encrypt.
--zip-file (blob): path of the zip file which has the details of the code.
--cli-input-json (string) : Performs service operation based on the JSON string provided.
The JSON string follows the format provided by --generate-cli-skeleton. If other arguments
are provided on the command line, the CLI values will override the JSON-provided values.
Now, let us create a simple AWS Lambda function using runtime as nodejs and add some
console.logs to be printed.
Consider a sample code for understanding the same:
exports.handler = async (event) => {

console.log("Using aws cli");
return 'Hello from Lambda from aws cli!'
};
Now, zip the file and store it as awscli.zip.
Getting ARN
For the role, let us use the arn from the existing role we have created. To get the ARN, you
will have to follow the steps as shown here. Observe the respective screenshots wherever
attached:
147
AWS Lambda
Step 1
Go to IAM and select the role you want from Roles. The ARN details for the role are displayed
as shown below. Use Role ARN with create-function in aws cli.
Observe here that the role arn is : arn:aws:iam::625297745038:role/lambdaapipolicy
The command with values for create-function is as follows:
aws lambda create-function

--function-name "awslambdausingcli"
--runtime "nodejs8.10"
--role "arn:aws:iam::625297745038:role/lambdaapipolicy"
--handler "awscli.handler"
--timeout 5
--memory-size 256
--zip-file "fileb://awscli.zip"
148
AWS Lambda
Now, if you run the command in aws cli, you can find an output as shown below:
In AWS console, the Lambda function is displayed as shown below:
149
AWS Lambda
The details of the functions are as shown here:
The details of the configuration are as given below:
You can test the function and check the output as shown:
150
AWS Lambda
The corresponding Log output is shown here:
list-functions
This api gives the list of functions created so far in AWS Lambda.
Commands Included
The following are the commands asscociated with this API:
list-functions
[--master-region <value>]
[--function-version <value>]
[--max-items <value>]
Options under list-functions

The following are various options you can use under this list-functions api:
--master-region(string): optional. The region from which the functions needs to be

displayed.
--function-version(string): optional. This will give the function version.
--max-items(integer): optional.This will give the items as the per the value specified.
--cli-input-json(string): optional.Will perform operation based on the json file provided.
151
AWS Lambda
The command with values list-functions is as follows:
aws lambda list-functions --max-items 3
The command displays details as follows:
get-function
This api will give details of the functions and also a url link which has zip file uploaded using
create-function. The url with zip details will be valid only for 10 mins.
Commands Included
The following are the commands associated with this api:
get-function
[--qualifier <value>]
[--generate-cli-skeleton <value>]
152
AWS Lambda
Options Included
--function-name: Name of the AWS Lambda function. You can also specify Amazon Resource
Name of the function.
--qualifier(string): Optional. Function version can be used to get the details of the function.
The command with values to get-function are:
aws lambda get-function --function-name awslambdausingcli
The command display details are as follows:
It gives the url which has the zip code uploaded. In the above case the url is:
https://prod-04-2014-
tasks.s3.amazonaws.com/snapshots/625297745038/awslambdausingcli-97048f8d-4a08-
4ed9-99d9-acb00d2063d2?versionId=d04HKvPu9S2zz8pzjbW6Rmf5o5fxnc_r&X-Amz-Security-
Token=FQoDYXdzEKT%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDCpTmGvtwKToPBiWcyK3A96UcJEnwvYD
hMbbxu%2Bg2gffK2ocfnlEeiCHak8QqqE1RFpbKrdks9NzxP9gNbagL4M9RValxJ1a9PUY%2FOdAekscRH
OiX00MVAxUlI82pKryhdOwLJWSj0uRzqvOxCcBwJenHrSNPeG6lMa2ZDo0qZFEUDONSaTg4nuSnJK1f6t3
pMAKu4vF9wPvf92G%2BU60rUxwleggigISmD9l1IlZse3%2BVF1JlNuN%2F5d85v0y2Q%2F%2BO515Cybc
Zpn91sHPYG8JMJ00LsrkQ2Ww4VU9Zz5c5QYH4JYPj0CyEgSz9b%2FMceMPpOoPUAMjctb%2FEwQqcShZeq
Ar9%2Fcd2ZI%2BXl2%2Bs4ri0ucgPvQQvseGIIiZbX3GqdwR2jb1nylrAEIfiuFMoSWfcFYoYtuL0MZnjG
R9jy2GNkp6MB%2BlHHr7%2BnuFRUzU26rgDYmdE1wRb3%2B21Jm49WGDa9opRLvUxFaux57Or70haib2Fu
KzN6Gf3Vzzk5KPdWsYUpaLyf%2B1ovEytOZhB1JEXuCs%2FGIlOXS88yxT%2BpOKmyxweiezpGgI%2FAkS
AQTbSRsYQKIOFyIJNHzplwrJKhy28vy60numIBIo9Zqq2AU%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-
SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20180527T112426Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-
Amz-Credential=ASIAICSQHLSBWFP37U4Q%2F20180527%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-
Amz-Signature=8b97e7d6d7da13313068e027894d2c875be5e50a0c5a62550f55307985bdc1aa
153
AWS Lambda
get-function-configuration
This will give the configuration details of the AWS Lambda function.
The following are the commands used along with this api:
get-function-configuration
The following are the options used with
--function-name (string): name of the aws lambda function.You can also specify Amazon
Resource Name of the function.
--qualifier(string): Optional. Function version can be used to get the details of the function.
The command with values to get-function are:
aws lambda get-function-configuration --function-name awslambdausingcli
The command displays details as follows:
get-account-settings
This api gives the accounts settings.
Commands Involved
The command that you can use with this api are:
get-account-settings
154
AWS Lambda
Options Involved
You can use the following options with this api:
--cli-input-json(string): Performs the service based on the json string provided.
--generate-cli-skeleton(string): It prints json output without sending the API request.
You can use the following command for get-account-settings:
aws lambda get-account-settings
You can see the following output when you execute the command given above:
update-function-configuration
This api helps to update the configuration details for AWS Lambda function created. You can
change the memory, timeout, handler, role, runtime, description etc.
Commands Involved
The following are the commands involved in the update-function-configuration api:
update-function-configuration
[--role <value>]
[--handler <value>]
[--timeout <value>]
[--runtime <value>]
155
AWS Lambda
Options Involved
The following are the options involved in update-function-configuration api:
--function-name: name of the aws lambda function
--role (string): optional.The ARN of role is needed to be updated.
--handler (string): optional.The handler details of aws lambda function.
--description(string): optional.Description for the function.
--timeout(integer): optional.Time required so that aws lambda function can terminate.
--memory-size(integer): optional.This is the memory given to the aws lambda

function.AWS will allocate the amount of CPU and memory allocation based on the memory
given.
--environment (structure): optional. It is an object with environment details required in

the aws lambda function.
e.g: Variables={Name1=string,Name2=string}
--runtime(string): Here you need to specify the runtime environment ie the language
selection.
The details of the runtime are shown in the table given below:
Options available runtime
Java java8
C# 1 dotnetcore1.0
C# 2 dotnetcore2.0
Go go1.x
--cli-input-json (string): optional.This will perform the operation on the api as specified in
the json string provided.
--generate-cli-skeleton (string): optional. This will output the JSON skeleton of all details
156
AWS Lambda
without executing the api. The output can be used as a input to --cli-input-json.
Now, let us chage the memory and timeout of AWS Lambda function that we have created
earlier. Follow the steps given below and observe the corresponding screenshots attached for
this purpose:
Step 1
The memory and timeout before the change occurred is as follows:
Step 2
Now, with update-function-configuration, let us change the memory and timeout to

320MB and timeout to 10s. For this purpose, use the following command with values:
aws lambda update-function-configuration --function-name “awslambdusingcli” --

timeout 10 --memory-size 320
Step 3
Then you can see the following output as the display:
157
AWS Lambda
Step 4
The display in AWS console after using update-function-configuration is as follows:
Update-function-code
This api will update the code for an existing AWS Lambda function.
Commands Involved
update-function-code
[--s3-bucket <value>]
[--s3-key <value>]
[--s3-object-version <value>]
Options Involved
The following are the options involved with the update-function-code api:
158
AWS Lambda
--function-name(string): name of aws lambda function
--zip-file (blob): optional . Path of the zip file which has the code to be updated.
--s3-bucket(string): optional.S3 bucket name which has the zip file with code uploaded.
--s3-key(string): optional.AWS s3 object key name which has to be uploaded.
--s3-object-version (string): optional .AWS s3 object version.
--cli-input-json (string): optional.This will perform the operation on the api as specified in
the json string provided.
--generate-cli-skeleton (string): optional. This will output the JSON skeleton of all details
without executing the api. The output can be used as a input to --cli-input-json.
The updated code is as shown below:
exports.handler = async (event,context) => {

console.log("Using aws cli");
console.log()
return 'Hello from Lambda from aws cli!'
};
You can use the following command with values for this purpose:
aws lambda update-function-code --function-name "awslambdausingcli" --zip-file

"fileb://awscli.zip"
The corresponding output is as shown here:
159
AWS Lambda
The display from AWS console is as shown here:
The corresponding log output is as shown below:
delete-function
The delete aws cli api will delete the function given.
Commands Included
The command details for the same are given here:
delete-function
160
AWS Lambda
Options Included
The options included in this api are as given below:
--function-name(string): this will take the lambda function name or the arn of the aws
lambda function.
--qualifier (string): This is optional.Here you can specify the version of aws lambda that
needs to be deleted.
-- cli-input-json(string): Performs service operation based on the JSON string provided.

--generate-cli-skeleton(string) : it prints json skeleton to standard output without sending

the API request.
You can use the following command with values for this purpose:
aws lambda delete-function --function-name "lambdatestcli"
161
AWS Lambda
Now, observe that the function will not be seen in AWS Lambda function list:
162
Serverless Framework
AWS Lambda can be created and deployed using serverless framework. It allows you to create
AWS Lambda triggers and also deploy the same by creating the required roles. Serverless
framework allows to handle big projects in an easier way.The events and resources required
are written in one place and just a few commands helps in deploying the full functionality on
AWS console.
In this chapter, you will learn in detail how to get started with AWS serverless framework.
Install Serverless Framework using npm install

To begin with, you need to first install nodejs. You can check for nodejs as follows:
You will have to use the following command to install serverless using npm package:
npm install -g serverless
163
AWS Lambda
Once npm is done, execute serverless command which shows the list of command to be used
to create and deploy AWS Lambda function. Observe the screenshots given below:
164
AWS Lambda
You can also use sls instead of servesless. sls is the shorthand command for serverless.
In case you need help on the command sls, you can use the following command:
sls create --help
165
AWS Lambda
For creating a serverless framework, you have to follow the steps given below:
Step 1
To start using serverless framework, we need to add the credentials. By this, you can the
user first in AWS console as follows:
Step 2
Click on Next:Permissions button to add permissions. You will have to attach the existing
policies or Administrator Access to this user.
166
AWS Lambda
Step 3
Click Create User to add the user. It will display the access key and secret key which we
need to configure the serverless framework:
Configure AWS Serverless Framework

Let us see how to configure AWS serverless framework. You can use the following command
for this purpose:
sls config credentials --provider aws --key accesskey --secret secretkey
Note that the details of credentials entered, that is the access key and secret key are stored
in the file /aws/credentials.
167
AWS Lambda
First, create a folder where you want your project files to be stored.
Next, we will start the work in aws-serverless folder.
Create AWS Lambda using Serverless Framework

Now, let us create a Lambda function with the serverless framework using the steps given
below:
Step 1
Following are the details for serverless create command:
168
AWS Lambda
Step 2
Now, we need to assign the template which are as follows:
Aws-nodejs, aws-nodejs-typescript, aws-nodejs-ecma-script, aws-python, aws-

python3, aws-groovy-gradle etc.
Step 3
We shall make use of aws-nodejs template to create our first project using serverless
framework. The command for the same purpose is as shown here:
sls create --template aws-nodejs
Note that this command creates a boilerplate for template aws-nodejs.
Step 4
Now, open the folder created in an IDE. Here we are using Visual Studio code and the folder
structure is as follows:
169
AWS Lambda
Step 5
There are 2 files created: handler.js and Serverless.yml
The AWS Lambda basic function details are shown in handler.js as follows:
'use strict';
module.exports.hello = (event, context, callback) => {

const response = {
statusCode: 200,
body: JSON.stringify({
message: 'Go Serverless v1.0! Your function executed successfully!',
input: event,
}),
};
callback(null, response);
// Use this code if you don't use the http event with the LAMBDA-PROXY
integration
// callback(null, { message: 'Go Serverless v1.0! Your function executed
successfully!', event });
};
Thie file Serverless.yml has the configuration details of the serverless framework as shown
below:
# Welcome to Serverless!
#
# This file is the main config file for your service.
# It's very minimal at this point and uses default values.
# You can always add more config options for more control.
# We've included some commented out config examples here.
# Just uncomment any of them to get that config option.
#
# For full config options, check the docs:
# docs.serverless.com
170
AWS Lambda
#
# Happy Coding!
service: aws-nodejs # NOTE: update this with your service name
# You can pin your service to only deploy with a specific Serverless version
# Check out our docs for more details
# frameworkVersion: "=X.X.X"
provider:
name: aws
runtime: nodejs6.10
# you can overwrite defaults here

# stage: dev
# region: us-east-1
# you can add statements to the Lambda function's IAM Role here
# iamRoleStatements:
# - Effect: "Allow"
# Action:
# - "s3:ListBucket"
# Resource: { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["arn:aws:s3:::", { "Ref" :
"ServerlessDeploymentBucket" } ] ] }
# - Effect: "Allow"
# Action:
# - "s3:PutObject"
# Resource:
# Fn::Join:
# - ""
# - - "arn:aws:s3:::"
# - "Ref" : "ServerlessDeploymentBucket"
# - "/*"
# you can define service wide environment variables here
171
AWS Lambda
# environment:
# variable1: value1
# you can add packaging information here

#package:
# include:
# - include-me.js
# - include-me-dir/**
# exclude:
# - exclude-me.js
# - exclude-me-dir/**
functions:
hello:
handler: handler.hello
# The following are a few example events you can configure

# NOTE: Please make sure to change your handler code to work with those events
# Check the event documentation for details
# events:
# - http:
# path: users/create
# method: get
# - s3: ${env:BUCKET}
# - schedule: rate(10 minutes)
# - sns: greeter-topic
# - stream: arn:aws:dynamodb:region:XXXXXX:table/foo/stream/1970-01-
01T00:00:00.000
# - alexaSkill: amzn1.ask.skill.xx-xx-xx-xx
# - alexaSmartHome: amzn1.ask.skill.xx-xx-xx-xx
# - iot:
# sql: "SELECT * FROM 'some_topic'"
# - cloudwatchEvent:
# event:
# source:
172
AWS Lambda
# - "aws.ec2"
# detail-type:
# - "EC2 Instance State-change Notification"
# detail:
# state:
# - pending
# - cloudwatchLog: '/aws/lambda/hello'
# - cognitoUserPool:
# pool: MyUserPool
# trigger: PreSignUp
# Define function environment variables here

# environment:
# variable2: value2
# you can add CloudFormation resource templates here

#resources:
# Resources:
# NewResource:
# Type: AWS::S3::Bucket
# Properties:
# BucketName: my-new-bucket
# Outputs:
# NewOutput:
# Description: "Description for the output"
# Value: "Some output value"
173
AWS Lambda
Now, we need to add changes in serverless.yml file as per our requirements. You can use the
commands as given below:
You can use the following command for Service:
service: aws-nodejs # NOTE: update this with your service name
Now, change the service here and add the name given to our folder as shown:
service: aws-serverless # NOTE: update this with your service name
The provider details are as shown:
provider:
name: aws
runtime: nodejs6.10
The provider is aws and runtime is nodejs6.10. We need to add the region in which we will
be working and the stage, that is dev or prod environment for the project. So here are the
updated details of provider:provider:
name: aws
runtime: nodejs6.10
# you can overwrite defaults here
stage: prod
region: us-east-1
IAM Role
The iam role, that is, the code for permission to work with Lambda is shown here in the .yml
file:
# iamRoleStatements:
# - Effect: "Allow"
# Action:
# - "s3:ListBucket"
# Resource: { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["arn:aws:s3:::", { "Ref" :
"ServerlessDeploymentBucket" } ] ] }
# - Effect: "Allow"
# Action:
# - "s3:PutObject"
# Resource:
# Fn::Join:
174
AWS Lambda
# - ""
# - - "arn:aws:s3:::"
# - "Ref" : "ServerlessDeploymentBucket"
# - "/*"
Note that we need to give the details of the role, that is the permission required with other
AWS services, in the above section.
AWS Lambda Handler Details

The name of the export function in handler.js is hello. So the handler is name of the file
followed by export name.
functions:
hello:
handler: handler.hello
The resource details about the s3 service added as shown below here:
# you can add CloudFormation resource templates here

#resources:
# Resources:
# NewResource:
# Type: AWS::S3::Bucket
# Properties:
# BucketName: my-new-bucket
# Outputs:
# NewOutput:
# Description: "Description for the output"
# Value: "Some output value"
175
AWS Lambda
Deploy AWS Lambda using Serverless Framework

Let us deploy the above lambda function to AWS console. You can use the following steps for
this purpose:
Step 1
First, you will have to use the following command:
sls deploy
Step 2
Now, you should see the function in AWS console now as shown. The details of serverless
AWS are logged in AWS cloudformation. For this purpose, go to AWS service and select
CloudFormation.The details of the AWS Lambda are displayed as follows:
176
AWS Lambda
Observe that the name given is project name followed by the stage used.
Step 3
It creates the iam role for AWS Lambda and log group for AWS cloudwatch. S3 bucket is
created which has the code details stored and the configuration details.
This is created by the command sls deploy. You need not specify the iam role, instead it is
created by default during the deploy stage.
177
AWS Lambda
Step 4
The detailed flow of events is displayed below in the cloudformation service.
AWS Lambda Code

The AWS Lambda code and its execution settings are shown in the screenshot given below:
178
AWS Lambda
When you test the Lambda function, you can find the following output:
The Log output for the above function is shown here:
We can also test the AWS Lambda function using the serverless command as shown below:
sls invoke --function hello
179
AWS Lambda
The syntax of the invoke command is shown here:
sls invoke --function hello
This invoke command triggers the AWS Lambda function and displays the output in the
command prompt as shown below:
180
AWS Lambda
You can also test the Lambda function before deploying and the command for same using the
following command :
sls invoke local --function hello
Please note that it is not always possible to test locally as the resources like S3 and DynanoDB
cannot be simulated on the local environment. Only the basic function calls can be tested
locally.
Using API Gateway and AWS Lambda with Serverless Framework

Let us see how to create new project to work with Lambda and api gateway.You can use the
following command for this purpose:
181
AWS Lambda
sls create --template aws-nodejs
Now, open aws-api project in visual code. You can see that the handler.js and
serverless.yml files created. Let us do the changes in that for addition of api gateway.
You will have to do the following changes in serverless.yml:
182
AWS Lambda
Now, the events details added for api gateway activation with AWS Lambda:
There is a new thing added here called events. We have specified the event as http, along
with its path and method.
The path is the end-point which we will use when the api gateway path is created and method
used is GET.
Observe that the handler is handler.hello, and hello is the export name from handler.js.
183
AWS Lambda
Note that you do not have to deploy the api gateway here, as the serverless framework will
perform it.
Now, we will run the sls deploy command to create AWS Lambda function with trigger as
api gateway.
sls deploy
184
AWS Lambda
Observe that the deploy details are listed above. It gives the Get url with the end-point as
the path details. The stage is prod so same is used in the url. The name of the function is
aws-api-prod-hello.
Let us hit the url and see the output. You can see the followings the response we get from
the api-gateway get url:
{"message":"Go Serverless v1.0! Your function executed

successfully!","input":{"resource":"/first-api","path":"/first-
api","httpMethod":"GET","headers":{"Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,appli
cation/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8","Accept-Encoding":"gzip,
deflate, br","Accept-Language":"en-US,en;q=0.9","CloudFront-Forwarded-
Proto":"https","CloudFront-Is-Desktop-Viewer":"true","CloudFront-Is-Mobile-
Viewer":"false","CloudFront-Is-SmartTV-Viewer":"false","CloudFront-Is-Tablet-
Viewer":"false","CloudFront-Viewer-Country":"IN","Host":"nvbhfdojfg.execute-
api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com","upgrade-insecure-requests":"1","User-
Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like
Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36","Via":"2.0
707912794802dbb4825c79b7d8626a5d.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)","X-Amz-Cf-
Id":"j70MMqkWFp6kmvuauzp_nvTbI-WwKIQmm2Jl5hzSoN6gkdvX11hh-g==","X-Amzn-Trace-
Id":"Root=1-5b13f9ef-5b012e36b7f40b5013a326fc","X-Forwarded-For":"157.33.133.217,
54.182.242.73","X-Forwarded-Port":"443","X-Forwarded-
Proto":"https"},"queryStringParameters":null,"pathParameters":null,"stageVariables
":null,"requestContext":{"resourceId":"pes5sy","resourcePath":"/first-
api","httpMethod":"GET","extendedRequestId":"H6P9fE-
MoAMFdIg=","requestTime":"03/Jun/2018:14:23:43 +0000","path":"/prod/first-
api","accountId":"625297745038","protocol":"HTTP/1.1","stage":"prod","requestTimeE
poch":1528035823928,"requestId":"b865dbd6-6739-11e8-b135-
a30269a8ec58","identity":{"cognitoIdentityPoolId":null,"accountId":null,"cognitoId
entityId":null,"caller":null,"sourceIp":"157.33.133.217","accessKey":null,"cognito
AuthenticationType":null,"cognitoAuthenticationProvider":null,"userArn":null,"user
Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181
Safari/537.36","user":null},"apiId":"nvbhfdojfg"},"body":null,"isBase64Encoded":fa
lse}}
185
AWS Lambda
The event details are also available in the output when you hit the url. The httpMethod is GET
and the queryStringParameters are null as there is nothing passed in the query string. The
event details are given to input which we have specified in the AWS Lambda handler:
The output we get from api gateway are only the body details such as message and input.
The response is totally controlled by the api gateway and how to display it as output.
Now, let us pass inputs to the GET url in query string and see the display:
186
AWS Lambda
Then you can see the output of querystring as shown below:
{"message":"Go Serverless v1.0! Your function executed

successfully!","input":{"resource":"/first-api","path":"/first-
api","httpMethod":"GET","headers":{"Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,appli
cation/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8","Accept-Encoding":"gzip,
deflate, br","Accept-Language":"en-US,en;q=0.9","CloudFront-Forwarded-
Proto":"https","CloudFront-Is-Desktop-Viewer":"true","CloudFront-Is-Mobile-
Viewer":"false","CloudFront-Is-SmartTV-Viewer":"false","CloudFront-Is-Tablet-
Viewer":"false","CloudFront-Viewer-Country":"IN","Host":"nvbhfdojfg.execute-
api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com","upgrade-insecure-requests":"1","User-
Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36","Via":"2.0
8b1d3263c2fbd0a2c270b174d7aa3d61.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)","X-Amz-Cf-
Id":"JIBZw3I-blKbnpHP8LYXPVolCgdW5KmEukZS4at9mi4vrWBMI-UKNw==","X-Amzn-Trace-
Id":"Root=1-5b13ff90-7d6e38d4c0e4a5d4e6184f30","X-Forwarded-For":"157.33.133.217,
54.182.242.127","X-Forwarded-Port":"443","X-Forwarded-
Proto":"https"},"queryStringParameters":{"displaymessage":"Hello"},"pathParameters
":null,"stageVariables":null,"requestContext":{"resourceId":"pes5sy","resourcePath
":"/first-
api","httpMethod":"GET","extendedRequestId":"H6TeiG34oAMFguA=","requestTime":"03/J
un/2018:14:47:44 +0000","path":"/prod/first-
api","accountId":"625297745038","protocol":"HTTP/1.1","stage":"prod","requestTimeE
poch":1528037264252,"requestId":"12e5dca3-673d-11e8-8966-
69fcf43bd4db","identity":{"cognitoIdentityPoolId":null,"accountId":null,"cognitoId
entityId":null,"caller":null,"sourceIp":"157.33.133.217","accessKey":null,"cognito
AuthenticationType":null,"cognitoAuthenticationProvider":null,"userArn":null,"user
Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181
Safari/537.36","user":null},"apiId":"nvbhfdojfg"},"body":null,"isBase64Encoded":fa
lse}}
Let us change the AWS Lambda function to just display the querystring details as shown
below:
'use strict';
module.exports.hello = (event, context, callback) => {
const response = {
statusCode: 200,
body: JSON.stringify({
message:(event.queryStringParameters &&
event.queryStringParameters.displaymessage!="") ?
event.queryStringParameters.displaymessage : 'Go Serverless v1.0! Your function
executed successfully!'
}),
187
AWS Lambda
};
// Use this code if you don't use the http event with the LAMBDA-PROXY
integration
// callback(null, { message: 'Go Serverless v1.0! Your function executed
successfully!', event });
};
Observe that we have changed the message based on the querystring displaymessage. This
will deploy the the function again and check the output.It displays the details present in query
string variable displaymessage as shown below.
Let us now add post method to the events created as shown below:
188
AWS Lambda
Now, deploy the changes made and you can see the following output from the deploy
command:
Note that testing post url in browser directly will not give the details. You should test the post
url in postman.
To get postman go to https://www.getpostman.com/apps. Download the app as per your OS.

Once installed, you should be able to test your post url as shown below:
This displays the message we have added in the Lambda function.
189
14. AWS Lambda — Executing and Invoking AWS Lambda
Lambda Function
This chapter will explain in detail about process of executing and invoking Lambda function
and the steps involved in it.
AWS Lambda Execution Model

AWS execution depends on the configuration details added for AWS Lambda Function. When
the function is created, there is a memory and time allotted, which is used for the execution
of AWS Lambda function.
With the help of the configuration details, AWS Lambda creates an execution context.
Execution context is a temporary runtime environment which is made ready with any external
dependencies such as database connection, http endpoints, third party libraries etc., if any.
When AWS Lambda function is invoked for the very first time or if the lambda function is
updated, there is little latency added because of the execution context setup. However, the
subsequent calls are faster in comparison to the first one. AWS Lambda tries to reuse the
execution context again if the Lambda function is invoked taking lesser time.
The reuse of execution context has the following implications:
● If there is any database connection done for the execution of Lambda, the connection
is maintained for reuse. So the Lambda code has to be such that the connection has
to be checked first- if exists and reused; otherwise we shall have to make fresh new
connection.
● Execution context maintains a disk space of 500MB in /tmp directory. The data
required is cached in this directory. You can have additional check in the code to see
if the data exists.
● If the callbacks or some background processes if the are not complete when the
Lambda function was invoked, the execution will start when the lambda function is
invoked again. Incase you do not need such thing to happen make sure your processes
are all ended properly, when the function execution is complete.
You should use of the execution context and the data stored in tmp directory. You will have
to add necessary checks in the code to see if the required data exists before creating fresh
new ones.This will save the time during execution and make it more faster.
190
AWS Lambda
Invoking AWS Lambda function

We can invoke AWS manually using aws cli. We have already seen how to create and deploy
AWS Lambda using cli. Here, we will first create a function using aws cli and invoke the
same.
Creating AWS Lambda Function using AWS CLI

You can use the following commands for creating AWS Lambda function using aws cli:
Commands
create-function
--runtime <value>
--role <value>
--handler <value>
[--code <value>]
[--timeout <value>]
[--kms-key-arn <value>]
[--tags <value>]
Command with values

--function-name "lambdainvoke"
--handler "index.handler"
--timeout 5
--memory-size 256
--zip-file "fileb://C:\nodeproject\index.zip"
191
AWS Lambda
The output is as shown below:
The function created in AWS console is as shown below:
192
AWS Lambda
Now, you can invoke the function using the command: invoke
[--invocation-type <value>]
[--log-type <value>]
[--client-context <value>]
[--payload <value>]
outfile <value>
Options
--function-name: Specify the name of the function you want to invoke.
--invocation-type(string): by default the invokation-type is requestresponse. The values

available to be used with invokation-type is RequestResponse , Event and DryRun.
 Event invocation-type is to be used for async response.
 DryRun is to be used when you want to verify the Lambda function without need of
executing it.
--log-type: It will be Tail if the invocation type is RequestResponse.It gives the last 4KB
base64-encoded log data. Possible values are Tail and None.
--client-context: You can pass client specific details to the Lambda function.The
clientcontext has to be in json format and base64-encoded. Maximum file size is 3583 bytes.
--payload: json format input to you lambda function.
--qualifier: You can specify Lambda function version or alias name.If you pass the function
version than the api will use qualified function arn to invoke the Lambda function.If you specify
alias name, the api uses alias ARN to invoke Lambda function.
outfile: This is the filename where the content will be saved.
193
AWS Lambda
Command with values
aws lambda invoke --function-name "lambdainvoke" --log-type Tail

C:\nodeproject\outputfile.txt
You can use payload option to send dummy event to the lambda function in json format as
shown below.
The related AWS Lambda code is as follows:
exports.handler = async (event, callback) => {

console.log("Hello => "+ event.name);
console.log("Address =>"+ event.addr);
callback(null, 'Hello '+event.name +" and address is "+ event.addr);
};
Observe that in the code, we have console event.name and event.addr. Now, let us use
payload option in aws cli to send the event with name and address as follows:
aws lambda invoke --function-name "lambdainvoke" --log-type Tail --payload

file://C:\clioutput\input.txt C:\clioutput\outputfile.txt
Thenpayload takes input as a filepath which has json input as shown:
{"name":"Roy Singh", "addr":"Mumbai"}
194
AWS Lambda
The corresponding output is as shown below:
The output is stored in the file C:\clioutput\outputfile.txt as follows:
"Hello Roy Singh and address is Mumbai"
Sample Events
You can test AWS Lambda function by passing a sample event. This section gives some sample
events for AWS Services. You can use the invoke command to test the output when triggered
with any of the services. Observe the codes given for corresponding sample events below:
Amazon S3 Put Sample Event

{
"Records": [
{
"eventTime": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
},
"s3": {
"object": {
"eTag": "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef",
195
AWS Lambda
"key": "HappyFace.jpg",
"size": 1024
},
"bucket": {
"arn": bucketarn,
"ownerIdentity": {
}
},
},
"x-amz-id-2":
},
"eventName": "ObjectCreated:Put",
"userIdentity": {
},
}
]
}
To get the details of the file from the s3 put event, you can use the following command:
event.Records[0].s3.object.key //will display the name of

the file
To get the bucket name, you can use the following command:
event.Records[0].s3.bucket.name //will give the name of the bucket.
To see the EventName, you can use the following command:
196
AWS Lambda
event.Records[0].eventName // will display the eventname
Amazon S3 Delete Sample Event

{
"Records": [
{
"eventTime": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
},
"s3": {
"object": {
"key": "HappyFace.jpg"
},
"bucket": {
"arn": bucketarn,
"ownerIdentity": {
}
},
},
"x-amz-id-2":
},
"eventName": "ObjectRemoved:Delete",
"userIdentity": {
197
AWS Lambda
},
}
]
}
Amazon DynamoDB
Amazon DynamoDB can be an event on AWS Lambda when changes are made on DynamoDB
table. We can perform operation like add entry, update and delete records from the
DynamodDB table.
A sample event for DynamoDB add, insert and delete event is shown here:
{
"Records": [
{
"eventID": "1",
"dynamodb": {
"Keys": {
"Id": {
"N": "101"
}
},
"NewImage": {
"Message": {
"S": "New item!"
},
"Id": {
"N": "101"
}
},
"StreamViewType": "NEW_AND_OLD_IMAGES",
"SequenceNumber": "111",
"SizeBytes": 26
198
AWS Lambda
},
"awsRegion": "us-west-2",
"eventName": "INSERT",
"eventSourceARN": eventsourcearn,
"eventSource": "aws:dynamodb"
},
{
"eventID": "2",
"dynamodb": {
"OldImage": {
"Message": {
"S": "New item!"
},
"Id": {
"N": "101"
}
},
"Keys": {
"Id": {
"N": "101"
}
},
"SizeBytes": 59,
"NewImage": {
"Message": {
"S": "This item has changed"
},
"Id": { "N": "101"
}
},
"StreamViewType": "NEW_AND_OLD_IMAGES"
},
199
AWS Lambda
"awsRegion": "us-west-2",
"eventName": "MODIFY",
"eventSourceARN": sourcearn,
"eventSource": "aws:dynamodb"
},
{ "eventID": "3",
"dynamodb": {
"Keys": {
"Id": {
"N": "101"
}
},
"SizeBytes": 38,
"OldImage": {
"Message": {
"S": "This item has changed"
},
"Id": {
"N": "101"
}
},
"StreamViewType": "NEW_AND_OLD_IMAGES"
}, "awsRegion": "us-west-2",
"eventName": "REMOVE",
"eventSourceARN": sourcearn,
"eventSource": "aws:dynamodb" }
]
}
Amazon Simple Notification Service

AWS Lambda can be helpful to process the notification created in Simple Notification
Service (SNS). Whenever there is message published in SNS, the Lambda function can be
200
AWS Lambda
triggered with a SNS event, which has details of the messages. This messages can be
processed inside Lambda function and can be sent further to other services as per the
requirement.
Once the message is entered, SNS will trigger the Lambda function. If any error tries to invoke
the Lambda function, SNS will retry to call the lambda function upto three times.
Amazon SNS Sample Event

A sample event that has all the details available in AWS Lambda function to carry out the
further process is shown below:
{
"Records": [
{
"EventVersion": "1.0",
"EventSubscriptionArn": eventsubscriptionarn,
"EventSource": "aws:sns",
"Sns": {
"SignatureVersion": "1",
"Timestamp": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
"Signature": "EXAMPLE",
"SigningCertUrl": "EXAMPLE",
"MessageId": "95df01b4-ee98-5cb9-9903-4c221d41eb5e",
"Message": "Hello from SNS!",
"MessageAttributes": {
"Test": {
"Type": "String",
"Value": "TestString"
},
"TestBinary": {
"Type": "Binary",
"Value": "TestBinary"
}
},
"Type": "Notification",
"UnsubscribeUrl": "EXAMPLE",
"TopicArn": topicarn,
"Subject": "TestInvoke"
201
AWS Lambda
}
}
]
}
Amazon Simple Mail Service

Amazon Simple Mail Service can be used to send messages and also to receive messages.
The AWS Lambda function can be called on Simple Mail Service when the message is received.
Amazon SES Email Receiving Sample Event

The details of SES event when used inside AWS Lambda is shown below:
{
"Records": [
{
"ses": {
"mail": {
"commonHeaders": {
"from": [
"Jane Doe <janedoe@example.com>"
],
"to": [
"johndoe@example.com"
],
"returnPath": "janedoe@example.com",
"messageId": "<0123456789example.com>",
"date": "Wed, 7 Oct 2015 12:34:56 -0700",
"subject": "Test Subject"
},
"source": "janedoe@example.com",
"timestamp": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
"destination": [
],
202
AWS Lambda
"headers": [
{
"name": "Return-Path",
"value": "<janedoe@example.com>"
},
{
"name": "Received",
"value": "from mailer.example.com (mailer.example.com [203.0.113.1])
by inbound-smtp.us-west-2.amazonaws.com with SMTP id o3vrnil0e2ic for
johndoe@example.com; Wed, 07 Oct 2015 12:34:56 +0000 (UTC)"
},
{
"name": "DKIM-Signature",
"value": "v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=example.com;
s=example; h=mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to:content-type;
bh=jX3F0bCAI7sIbkHyy3mLYO28ieDQz2R0P8HwQkklFj4=;
b=sQwJ+LMe9RjkesGu+vqU56asvMhrLRRYrWCbV"
},
{
"name": "MIME-Version",
"value": "1.0"
},
{
"name": "From",
"value": "Jane Doe <janedoe@example.com>"
},
{
"name": "Date",
"value": "Wed, 7 Oct 2015 12:34:56 -0700"
},
{
"name": "Message-ID",
"value": "<0123456789example.com>"
},
{
"name": "Subject",
203
AWS Lambda
"value": "Test Subject"

},
{
"name": "To",
"value": "johndoe@example.com"
},
{
"name": "Content-Type",
"value": "text/plain; charset=UTF-8"
}
],
"headersTruncated": false,
"messageId": "o3vrnil0e2ic28tr"
},
"receipt": {
"recipients": [
],
"timestamp": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
"spamVerdict": {
"status": "PASS"
},
"dkimVerdict": {
"status": "PASS"
},
"processingTimeMillis": 574,
"action": {
"type": "Lambda",
"invocationType": "Event",
"functionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-west-
2:012345678912:function:Example"
},
"spfVerdict": {
"status": "PASS"
},
204
AWS Lambda
"virusVerdict": {
"status": "PASS"
}
}
},
"eventSource": "aws:ses"
}
]
}
Amazon Cloudwatch Logs

AWS Lambda can be triggered from Amazon CloudWatch Logs using the CloudWatch Logs
Subscriptions. CloudWatch Logs subscriptions has data real-time data about the logs which
can be processed and analyzed inside AWS Lambda or could be used to load to other systems.
Amazon CloudWatch Logs Sample Event

{
"awslogs": {
"data":
"H4sIAAAAAAAAAHWPwQqCQBCGX0Xm7EFtK+smZBEUgXoLCdMhFtKV3akI8d0bLYmibvPPN3wz00CJxmQnT
O41whwWQRIctmEcB6sQbFC3CjW3XW8kxpOpP+OC22d1Wml1qZkQGtoMsScxaczKN3plG8zlaHIta5KqWso
zoTYw3/djzwhpLwivWFGHGpAFe7DL68JlBUk+l7KSN7tCOEJ4M3/qOI49vMHj+zCKdlFqLaU2ZHV2a4Ct/
an0/ivdX8oYc1UVX860fQDQiMdxRQEAAA=="
} }
Amazon API Gateway

AWS Lambda function can be invoked on https url. IT can be done on GET, POST, PUT.
When the https url is invoked, the AWS Lambda function is also triggered and the data passed
to https using get/post can be made available inside AWS Lambda to be used to insert in
DynamoDB or to send mail etc.
API Gateway Proxy Request Event

{
"path": "/test/hello",
"headers": {
205
AWS Lambda
"Accept":
"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, lzma, sdch, br",
"Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.8",
"CloudFront-Forwarded-Proto": "https",
"CloudFront-Is-Desktop-Viewer": "true",
"CloudFront-Is-Mobile-Viewer": "false",
"CloudFront-Is-SmartTV-Viewer": "false",
"CloudFront-Is-Tablet-Viewer": "false",
"CloudFront-Viewer-Country": "US",
"Host": "wt6mne2s9k.execute-api.us-west-2.amazonaws.com",
"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6)
AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.82 Safari/537.36
OPR/39.0.2256.48",
"Via": "1.1 fb7cca60f0ecd82ce07790c9c5eef16c.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)",
"X-Amz-Cf-Id": "nBsWBOrSHMgnaROZJK1wGCZ9PcRcSpq_oSXZNQwQ10OTZL4cimZo3g==",
"X-Forwarded-For": "192.168.100.1, 192.168.1.1",
"X-Forwarded-Port": "443",
"X-Forwarded-Proto": "https"
},
"pathParameters": {
"proxy": "hello"
},
"requestContext": {
"accountId": "123456789012",
"resourceId": "us4z18",
"stage": "test",
"requestId": "41b45ea3-70b5-11e6-b7bd-69b5aaebc7d9",
"identity": {
"cognitoIdentityPoolId": "",
"accountId": "",
"cognitoIdentityId": "",
"caller": "",
"apiKey": "",
206
AWS Lambda
"sourceIp": "192.168.100.1",
"cognitoAuthenticationType": "",
"cognitoAuthenticationProvider": "",
"userArn": "",
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6)
OPR/39.0.2256.48",
"user": ""
},
"resourcePath": "/{proxy+}",
"httpMethod": "GET",
"apiId": "wt6mne2s9k"
},
"resource": "/{proxy+}",
"httpMethod": "GET",
"queryStringParameters": {
"name": "me"
},
"stageVariables": {
"stageVarName": "stageVarValue"
}
}
API Gateway Proxy Response Event

{
"statusCode": 200,
"headers": {
"Accept":
"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, lzma, sdch, br",
"Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.8",
"CloudFront-Forwarded-Proto": "https",
"CloudFront-Is-Desktop-Viewer": "true",
207
AWS Lambda
"CloudFront-Is-Mobile-Viewer": "false",
"CloudFront-Is-SmartTV-Viewer": "false",
"CloudFront-Is-Tablet-Viewer": "false",
"CloudFront-Viewer-Country": "US",
"Host": "wt6mne2s9k.execute-api.us-west-2.amazonaws.com",
"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6)
OPR/39.0.2256.48",
"Via": "1.1 fb7cca60f0ecd82ce07790c9c5eef16c.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)",
"X-Amz-Cf-Id": "nBsWBOrSHMgnaROZJK1wGCZ9PcRcSpq_oSXZNQwQ10OTZL4cimZo3g==",
"X-Forwarded-For": "192.168.100.1, 192.168.1.1",
"X-Forwarded-Port": "443",
"X-Forwarded-Proto": "https"
},
"body": "Hello World"
}
208
15. AWS Lambda — Deleting Lambda Function AWS Lambda
Deleting AWS Lambda function will remove the AWS Lambda from the AWS console. There
are 2 ways to delete AWS Lambda function.
 Using AWS console.

 Using AWS CLI command
This chapter discusses these two ways in detail.
Using AWS Console

For deleting a Lambda function using AWS console, follow the steps given below:
Step 1
Login to AWS console and go to AWS Lambda service. You can find that AWS lambda functions
created so far are listed in AWS console as shown below:
209
AWS Lambda
The list shows that there are 23 AWS Lambda functions created so far. You can view them
using the pagination provided on the top or search the AWS Lambda by using the search box.
Step 2
Observe that there is a radio button across each of the AWS Lambda function. Select the
function you want to delete. Observe the screenshot shown below:
Step 3
Once you select the AWS Lambda function, the Action dropdown which was earlier grayed
out is highlighted now. Now, open the combo box and it will display options as shown:
210
AWS Lambda
Step 4Select the Delete button to delete the AWS Lambda function. Once you click Delete,
it displays the message as follows:
Step 5
Read the message carefully and later click Delete button to remove the AWS lambda function
permanently.
Note: Deleting aws lambda will not delete the role linked. To remove the role, you need to
go to IAM and remove the role.
Step 6
The list of roles created so far is shown below. Observe that there is a Create role button
and Delete role button.
Click the checkbox across the role you want to delete. You can also select multiple roles to
delete at a time.
211
AWS Lambda
Step 7
You will see a confirmation message as shown below once you click Delete button:
Now, read the details mentioned carefully and later click Yes, delete button.
212
AWS Lambda
Using AWS CLI command

Let us first create a Lambda function using aws cli and delete the same using the same
command. Follow the steps given below for this purpose:
Step 1
The command with values for create-function is as follows:

--function-name "lambdatestcli"
--handler "index.handler"
--timeout 5
--memory-size 256
--zip-file "fileb://C:\demotest\index.zip"
The corresponding output is shown here:
Step 2
The AWS Lambda function created is lambdatestcli. We have used existing role arn to create
the lambda function.
213
AWS Lambda
Then you can find this function displayed in AWS console as shown below:
Step 3
Now, let us invoke the function to test the output using the command shown:
aws lambda invoke --function-name "lambdatestcli" --log-type Tail

C:\demotest\outputfile.txt
This command will give you the output as shown:
214
AWS Lambda
Step 4
You can observe logs from cloudwatch for lambda function lambdatestcli
Step 5
Now, let us come to the actual part of deleting the AWS function. Delete aws cli api will
delete the function given. The details of command used for this purpose is given below:
Command
delete-function
Options
--function-name(string): This will take the Lambda function name or the arn of the AWS
Lambda function.
--qualifier (string): This is optional. Here you can specify the version of AWS Lambda that
needs to be deleted.
-- cli-input-json(string): Performs service operation based on the JSON string provided.

--generate-cli-skeleton(string): it prints json skeleton to standard output without sending

the API request.
215
AWS Lambda
Command with values
aws lambda delete-function --function-name "lambdatestcli"
The corresponding output is shown below:
Step 6
If you check now, you can observe that the function will not be seen in AWS Lambda function
list as shown in the screenshot given below:
216
16. AWS Lambda — Working with Amazon API AWS Lambda
Gateway
AWS Lambda function can be invoked on HTTPS url. It can be done on GET, POST, PUT.
When the HTTPS url is invoked, the AWS Lambda function can also triggered and the data
passed to HTTPS using get/post can be made available inside AWS Lambda to be used to
insert in DynamoDB or to send mail etc.
This chapter discusses in detail about various processes involved in workin with AWS lambda
and API Gateway.
Processes involved
The following are the processes involved in working with AWS lambda and API Gateway:
 Create IAM role for permission

 Create AWS lambda function
 Create API Gateway
 Link lambda function to api gateway
 Passing data to api gateway
A basic diagram that explains the working of API gateway and AWS Lambda is given here:
These processes are explained in detail further in this chapter with relevant screenshots.
217
AWS Lambda
Create IAM role for permission

From Amazon services as shown below, select IAM for creating roles to be used by Lambda
function.
Go to IAM and select Roles from left side section as shown below:
218
AWS Lambda
Click Create role for Lambda function.
219
AWS Lambda
Select Lambda and click Permissions at the bottom. Select the permission required for the
API Gateway and Lambda.
220
AWS Lambda
Search for API gateway in the search and it will list you all the related permissions. Here we
have chosen full access to API gateway as shown below:
221
AWS Lambda
Now, search for API gateway and it will list you all the related permissions. Here we have
chosen full access to API gateway as shown below:
222
AWS Lambda
You have to repeat the same process for Policies also.
223
AWS Lambda
Once you are done choosing the necessary policies, click Review for the next step. Enter the
name of the role as per your choice as shown below:
It displays the policies attached to the role. Click Create role and we are done with the role
creation and can proceed with the lambda function.
224
AWS Lambda
Create AWS Lambda Function

Go to AWS services and click on lambda service to create a function for connecting it with api
gateway.
The UI screen for Lambda function is shown below. Click Create function button to proceed
with creation of Lambda function.
225
AWS Lambda
Enter the name of the function and choose the existing role which we have created above.
226
AWS Lambda
It flashes a message that the function with the name lambdawithapigateway is created
successfully.
Note that here we will use nodejs runtime to write the code.The AWS code with helloworld
message is as shown below:
AWS Lambda code is present in index.js file. The function called handler has the params
namely events, context and callback.
Callback function basically has the error and the success message. Note that here we do not
have any error related code, so null is passed and the success message is HelloWorld from
lambda.
Lastly, save the changes added and let us proceed to add the Lambda function to the API
gateway.
227
AWS Lambda
Create API Gateway

Login to your AWS account and open API Gateway as shown below:
Click API Gateway and it will lead you to the screen where new API gateway can be created.
Click Create API and add details as shown below:
228
AWS Lambda
Click the Create API button on right side of the screen. This will display the newly created
API on to left side of the screen.
229
AWS Lambda
Click the Actions dropdown to create a new resource for the API.
230
AWS Lambda
Now, create a new resource as shown below:
231
AWS Lambda
Enter the Resource Name as shown below.You will see the name of the resource entered in
the url created at the end.Click Create Resource and you will see it on the screen as follows:
232
AWS Lambda
Add GET/POST methods to the resource created as shown below. Select the method from
Actions dropdown.
233
AWS Lambda
Click the GET method to add the method to the API.
Next step is the integration which will integrate it with Lambda function. Now add the Lambda
function to it as shown below:
234
AWS Lambda
Link Lambda Function to API Gateway

Select the lambda function created earlier.
235
AWS Lambda
Save the changes and you can see a dialog box asking for permission as shown below:
Click OK for the permission. This is the execution details between the API gateway HTTP
request and the Lambda function:
236
AWS Lambda
Now, let us deploy the API gateway changes. For this purpose, we need to select the Deploy
API from Actions dropdown as shown below:
237
AWS Lambda
Select Deploy API. It will ask for the deployment state. Select New Stage from Deployment
stage dropdown and add the stage name as Production.
Click Deploy button and it will redirect you to the url as shown below:
Select the GET method from left side to get the url. Open the url in a new tab to see the
message from Lambda function.
This is a basic example of working with AWS Lambda and AWS API Gateway.In the above
example, we have hardcoded the message in Lambda function.
238
AWS Lambda
Now, let us take the message details from the API Gateway. Incase if the HTTPS call has to
be called from a different domain, for example AJAX call to the API, we need to enable CORS
for the API gateway created.
Select the resource created for the API and click Actions dropdown:
Now, Enable CORS will open up the following screen:
239
AWS Lambda
You can use few methods to ENABLE CORS. Access-Control-Allow-Origin is marked as *

which means it will allow to get contents from API gateway from any domain.
You can also specify the domain name you want to work with the API. Click Enable CORS
and replace existing CORS headers button and it will display confirmation message as
shown below:
Click Yes, replace existing values button to enable it. The Enable CORS screen looks as
shown below:
240
AWS Lambda
Passing Data to API Gateway

Open the API created in API Gateway displayhelloworld as shown below:
Click Integration Request to send data as shown below:
241
AWS Lambda
Choose Body Mapping Templates and add the Content-Type for this example as
application/json. Click on the content type added add the details as follows:
Now, add the template in JSON format as shown below:
Observe that we have taken the message as the parameter to get data from API Gateway
and share it with AWS Lambda.The syntax to get the details is as shown above.
Now, deploy the API to make the changes available on the API Gateway URL. For this, we
need to change Lambda function to display the data based on the API Gateway URL. The code
for Lambda function is givn below. Note that we are taking the message from the event and
passing to callback.

let message = event.message;
callback(null, message);
};
242
AWS Lambda
Now, save the changes in Lambda and hit the URL to see the changes. Observe the screenshot
given below:
Click the URL as shown below:
https://rw2ek1xung.execute-api.us-east-
1.amazonaws.com/prod/hello?message=hello%20from%20api%20gateway
Observe that here we are passing message as query string to the GET url. Then you can
observe the output as shown below:
It reads the details sent to message from the URL and displays the same in the browser.
243
17. AWS Lambda — Using Lambda Function with AWS Lambda
Amazon S3
Amazon S3 service is used for file storage, where you can upload or remove files. We can
trigger AWS Lambda on S3 when there are any file uploads in S3 buckets. AWS Lambda has
a handler function which acts as a start point for AWS Lambda function.The handler has the
details of the events. In this chapter, let us see how to use AWS S3 to trigger AWS Lambda
function when we upload files in S3 bucket.
Steps for Using AWS Lambda Function with Amazon S3

To start using AWS Lambda with Amazon S3, we need the following:
● Create S3 Bucket
● Create role which has permission to work with s3 and lambda
● Create lambda function and add s3 as the trigger.
Example
Let us see these steps with the help of an example which shows the basic interaction between
Amazon S3 and AWS Lambda.
● User will upload a file in Amazon S3 bucket

● Once the file is uploaded, it will trigger AWS Lambda function in the background
which will display an output in the form of a console message that the file is
uploaded.
● The user will be able to see the message in Cloudwatch logs once the file is
uploaded.
The block diagram that explains the flow of the example is shown here:
244
AWS Lambda
Creating S3 Bucket
Let us start first by creating a s3 bucket in AWS console using the steps given below:
Step 1
Go to Amazon services and click S3 in storage section as highlighted in the image given
below:
245
AWS Lambda
Step 2
Click S3 storage and Create bucket which will store the files uploaded.
Step 3
Once you click Create bucket button, you can see a screen as follows:
246
AWS Lambda
Step 4
Enter the details Bucket name, Select the Region and click Create button at the bottom
left side. Thus, we have created bucket with name : workingwithlambdaands3.
Step 5
Now, click the bucket name and it will ask you to upload files as shown below:
Thus, we are done with bucket creation in S3.
247
AWS Lambda
Create Role that Works with S3 and Lambda

To create role that works with S3 and Lambda, please follow the steps given below:
Step 1
Go to AWS services and select IAM as shown below:
248
AWS Lambda
Step 2
Now, click IAM -> Roles as shown below:
Step 3
Now, click Create role and choose the services that will use this role. Select Lambda and
click Permission button.
249
AWS Lambda
Step 4
Add the permission from below and click Review.
Step 5
Observe that we have chosen the following permissions:
250
AWS Lambda
Observe that the Policies that we have selected are AmazonS3FullAccess,

AWSLambdaFullAccess and CloudWatchFullAccess.
Step 6
Now, enter the Role name, Role description and click Create Role button at the bottom.
Thus, our role named lambdawiths3service is created.
251
AWS Lambda
Create Lambda function and Add S3 Trigger

In this section, let us see how to create a Lambda function and add a S3 trigger to it. For this
purpose, you will have to follow th steps given below:
Step 1
Go to AWS Services and select Lambda as shown below:
Step 2
Click Lambda and follow the process for adding Name. Choose the Runtime, Role etc. and
create the function. The Lambda function that we have created is shown in the screenshot
below:
252
AWS Lambda
Step 3
Now let us add the S3 trigger.
253
AWS Lambda
Step 4
Choose the trigger from above and add the details as shown below:
254
AWS Lambda
Step 5
Select the bucket created from bucket dropdown. The event type has following details:
Select Object Created (All), as we need AWS Lambda trigger when file is uploaded, removed
etc.
255
AWS Lambda
Step 7
You can add Prefix and File pattern which are used to filter the files added. For example, to
trigger lambda only for .jpg images. Let us keep it blank for now as we need to trigger Lambda
for all files uploaded. Click Add button to add the trigger.
256
AWS Lambda
Step 8
You can find the the trigger display for the Lambda function as shown below:
Let’s add the details for the aws lambda function. Here, we will use the online editor to add
our code and use nodejs as the runtime environment.
Step 9
To trigger S3 with AWS Lambda, we will have to use S3 event in the code as shown below:

console.log("Incoming Event: ", event);
const bucket = event.Records[0].s3.bucket.name;
const filename =
decodeURIComponent(event.Records[0].s3.object.key.replace(/\+/g, ' '));
const message = `File is uploaded in - ${bucket} -> ${filename}`;
console.log(message);
257
AWS Lambda
};
Note that the event param has the details of the S3 event. We have consoled the bucket
name and the file name which will get logged when you upload image in S3 bucket.
Step 10
Now, let us save the changes and test the lambda function with S3 upload. The following are
the code details added in AWS Lambda:
Step 11
Now, let us add the role, memory and timeout.
Step 12
Now, save the Lambda function. Open S3 from Amazon services and open the bucket we
created earlier namely workingwithlambdaands3.
258
AWS Lambda
Upload the image in it as shown below:
Step 13
Click Upload button to add files as shown:
259
AWS Lambda
Step 14
Click Add files to add files. You can also drag and drop the files. Now, click Upload button.
Thus, we have uploaded one image in our S3 bucket.
Step 15
To see the trigger details, go to AWS service and select CloudWatch. Open the logs for the
Lambda function and use the following code:

console.log("Incoming Event: ", event);
const filename =
decodeURIComponent(event.Records[0].s3.object.key.replace(/\+/g, ' '));
};
260
AWS Lambda
The output you can observe in Cloutwatch is as shown:
AWS Lambda function gets triggered when file is uploaded in S3 bucket and the details are
logged in Cloudwatch as shown below:
261
AWS Lambda
2018-05-31T06:08:13.083Z ffbe7b17-6498-11e8-9356-15465a932bbc File is uploaded in

- workingwithlambdaands3 -> image3.jpg
262
Amazon DynamoDB
DynamoDB can trigger AWS Lambda when the data in added to the tables, updated or deleted.
In this chapter, we will work on a simple example that will add items to the DynamoDB table
and AWS Lambda which will read the data and send mail with the data added.
Requisites
To use Amazon DB and AWS Lambda, we need to follow the steps as shown below:
● Create a table in DynamoDB with primary key

● Create a role which will have permission to work with DynamoDB and AWS Lambda.
● Create function in AWS Lambda
● AWS Lambda Trigger to send mail
● Add data in DynamoDB
Let us discuss each of this step in detail.
Example
We are going to work out on following example which shows the basic interaction between
DynamoDB and AWS Lambda. This example will help you to understand the following
operations:
● Creating a table called customer in Dynamodb table and how to enter data in that
table.
● Triggering AWS Lambda function once the data is entered and sending mail using
Amazon SES service.
The basic block diagram that explains the flow of the example is as shown below:
263
AWS Lambda
Create Table in DynamoDB with Primary Key

Log in to AWS console. Go to AWS Services and select DynamoDB as shown below. Select
DynamoDB.
264
AWS Lambda
DynamoDB shows the options as shown below:
Now, click Create table to create the table as shown. We have named the table as customer
with primary key for that table as cust_id. Click on Create button to add the table to
dynamodb.
265
AWS Lambda
The table created is as shown below:
266
AWS Lambda
We can add items to the table created as follows:
267
AWS Lambda
Click Items and click Create item button as shown:
268
AWS Lambda
Creating Role with Permissions to Work with DynamoDB and AWS

Lambda
To create role, Go to AWS services and click IAM.
269
AWS Lambda
Let us create a policy to be used only for the DynamoDB table created earlier:
Now, choose a Service. Observe that the service we have selected is DynamoDB. For
Actions we have taken all Dynamodb actions ie access to list, read and write. For
Resources, we will select the table resource type actions. When you click it, you can see a
screen as follows:
270
AWS Lambda
Now, select table and Add ARN to it as shown. We will get ARN details from customer
table created as shown below:
271
AWS Lambda
Enter arn details here:
272
AWS Lambda
Click Add button to save the changes.Once done Click on Review policy. Enter the name
of the policy, description etc as shown below:
Click on create policy to save it. Add the policy to the role to be created. Select Role from
left side and enter the details.
273
AWS Lambda
Observe that the policies added are newpolicyfordynamdb, awslambdafullaccess

,cloudwatchfullaccess and amazonsesfullaccess. Add the role and will use it while
creating AWS Lambda function.
Create Function in AWS Lambda

Thus, we have created Lambda function called newlambdafordynamodb as shown.
Now, let us add DynamodDB trigger to the AWS Lambda created. The runtime we shall use is
Node.js.
274
AWS Lambda
You can find the following details in Dynamodb trigger that are to be configured for AWS
Lambda:
Now, simply click Add to add the trigger to AWS Lambda.
AWS Lambda Trigger to Send Mail

AWS Lambda will get triggered when data is inserted into AWS Lambda. The event parameter
will have the dynamodb data inserted. This will read the data from the event and send email.
Sending an email
To send email, you need to follow the steps given below:
Step 1
Go to AWS service and select SES (simple email service). Validate the email to which we need
to send an email as shown:
275
AWS Lambda
Step 2
Click the button Verify a New Email Addres to add the email address.
Step 3
Enter an email address to verify it. The email address will receive and activation mail from
Amazon which needs to be clicked. Once the activation is done, the email id is verified and
can be used with AWS services.
Step 4
The AWS Lambda code which reads data from the event and sends email is given below:

region: 'us-east-1'
});
console.log(event);
let tabledetails = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(event.Records[0].dynamodb));
console.log(tabledetails.NewImage.address.S);
let customerid = tabledetails.NewImage.cust_id.S;
let name = tabledetails.NewImage.name.S;
let address = tabledetails.NewImage.address.S;
var eParams = {
Destination: {
ToAddresses: ["xxxxx@gmail.com"]
},
Message: {
276
AWS Lambda
Body: {
Text: {
Data: "The data added is as follows:\n
CustomerId:"+customerid+"\n Name:"+name+"\nAddress:"+address
}
},
Subject: {
Data: "Data Inserted in Dynamodb table customer"
}
},
Source: "xxxxx@gmail.com"
};
else {
}
});
}
Now, save the Lambda function and data in DynamoDB table.
277
AWS Lambda
Add Data in DynamoDB

Use the following sequence to add data in DynamoDB.
Step 1
Go to the table customer created in Dynamodb.
Step 2
Click Create item.
278
AWS Lambda
Step 3
Click Save button and check the email id provided in AWS Lambda to see if the mail has been
sent by AWS Lambda.
279
Scheduled Events
Scheduled events are suppose to happen at regular intervals based on a rule set. Scheduled
events are used to execute Lambda function after an interval which is defined in cloudwatch
services. They are best used for working on cron jobs along with AWS Lambda. This chapter
will explain with simple example how to send mail after every 5 minutes using scheduled
events and AWS Lambda.
Requisites
The requirements for using Lambda function with Scheduled events are as follows:
● Verify email id using AWS SES

● Create Role to use AWS SES, Cloudwatch and AWS Lambda
● Create Lambda Function to send email
● Add rule for scheduled events from AWS CloudWatch
Example
The example that we are going to consider will add CloudWatch event to the AWS Lambda
function. Cloudwatch will trigger AWS Lambda based on the time pattern attached to it. For
example, in the example below we have used 5 minutes as the trigger. It means for every 5
minutes, AWS Lambda will be triggered and AWS Lambda will send mail whenever triggered.
The basic block diagram for the same is shown below:
280
AWS Lambda
Verify Email ID using AWS SES

Log in to AWS and go to AWS SES service as shown below:
Now, click Simple Email Service as shown:
Click Email Addresses on left side as shown:
281
AWS Lambda
It displays a button Verify a New Email Address. Click it.
Enter Email Address you want to verify. Click Verify This Email Address button. You will
receive mail from AWS on that email id with email subject: Amazon Web Services – Email
Address Verification Request in region US East (N. Virginia)
Click the link given in the mail to verify email address. Once verified, it will display the email
id as follows:
282
AWS Lambda
Create Role to use AWS SES, Cloudwatch and AWS Lambda

You can also create a role which gives permission to use the services. For this, go to IAM and
select Role. Add the required policies and create the role. Observe that the role created here
is eventswithlambda.
283
AWS Lambda
Create Lambda Function to Send Email

You will have to follow the steps to create Lambda function using runtime as nodejs.
Now, add trigger to Lambda as shown:
284
AWS Lambda
Add details to CloudWatch Events Trigger as shown below:
Note that the event will be triggered after every 5 minutes as per the rule trigger created.
The Lambda code for sending an email is given below:

region: 'us-east-1'
});
var eParams = {
Destination: {
ToAddresses: ["xxxxxxxt12@gmail.com"]
285
AWS Lambda
},
Message: {
Body: {
Text: {
Data: "this mail comes from aws lambda event scheduling"
}
},
Subject: {
Data: "Event scheduling from aws lambda"
}
},
};
else {
}
});
};
Now, we need the AWS SES service. You can add this using the code shown as follows:

region: 'us-east-1'
});
286
AWS Lambda
To send mail from nodejs, we have created eParams object which has details like the
source mail, to mail id and the body with message as follows:
var eParams = {
Destination: {
ToAddresses: ["xxxxxxxx12@gmail.com"]
},
Message: {
Body: {
Text: {
Data: "this mail comes from aws lambda event scheduling"
}
},
Subject: {
Data: "Event scheduling from aws lambda"
}
},
};
The Lambda code to send email is as follows:

else {
}
});
287
AWS Lambda
Now, let us save this Lambda function and check the email id for mails. The screenshot shown
below shows that the mail is sent from AWS Lambda after every 5 minutes.
288
Amazon SNS
Amazon SNS is a service used for push notification. In this chapter, we will explain working
of AWS Lambda and Amazon SNS with the help of an example where will perform the following
actions:
● Create Topic in SNS Service and use AWS Lambda Add Topics to CloudWatch
● Send SNS text message on phone number given.
Requisites
To create Topic in SNS Service and use AWS Lambda Add Topics to CloudWatch, we need ot
follow the steps given below:
● Create Topic in SNS

● Create Role for permission in IAM
● Create AWS Lambda Function
● Publish to topic to activate trigger
● Check the message details in CloudWatch service.
To send SNS text message on phone number given, we need to do the following:
● Add code in AWS Lambda to send message to your phone.
Example
In this example, we will create a topic in SNS. When details are entered in the topic to publish,
AWS Lambda is triggered. The topic details are logged in CloudWatch and a message is sent
on phone by AWS Lambda.
Hers is a basic block diagram which explains the same:
289
AWS Lambda
Create Topic in SNS

You will have to follow the steps given below to create topic in SNS:
Step 1
Login to AWS Console and go to SNS service in Amazon as shown below:
290
AWS Lambda
Step 2
Click Simple Notification Service and Create topic in it.
Step 3
Then, you have to click Create new topic button as shown:
Step 4
Enter the Topic name and Display name and click on Create topic. You should see the
topic name in the display as follows:
291
AWS Lambda
Create Role for Permission in IAM

To create a Role to work with AWS Lambda and SNS service, we need to login to AWS console.
Then, select IAM from Amazon services and click role from left side as shown below.
Observe that we have added policies for SNS, Lambda and CloudWatch. Add rolename and
click Create role button to complete the process of role creation.
292
AWS Lambda

In this section, let us understand how to create AWS Lambda function using nodejs as the
runtime.
For this purpose, login to AWS console and choose AWS Lambda from AWS services. Add the
function name, role details etc and create the AWS Lambda function as shown.
Add SNS Trigger

To add SNS trigger, enter SNS configuration details as shown:
293
AWS Lambda
Then , select SNS topic and Add the trigger to AWS Lambda function as shown:
Then , add AWS lambda code given below:

console.log("AWS lambda and SNS trigger ");
console.log(event);
const sns = event.Records[0].Sns.Message;
console.log(sns)
callback(null, sns);
};
In the above code, event.Records[0].Sns.Message gives the message details added. We

have added console logs to see them in CloudWatch. Now, save the Lambda function with
required memory and time allocation.
294
AWS Lambda
Publish to Topic to Activate Trigger

Recall that we have already created topic in SNS in step 1. We will now publish in the topic
and see the details in CloudWatch which will be triggered by AWS Lambda:
Publish to Topic
First Select name of the topic you want to publish. Click on Publish to topic button:
295
AWS Lambda
Enter the Subject and Message details as shown below:
You can also select JSON message format to send in JSON style. Click Publish the message
button at the end of the screen.
Check Message Details in CloudWatch Service

Log into AWS console and open CloudWatch service. Click on logs on left side and select the
logs for AWS Lambda function created. You can find the following display for the logs with
messages created as shown above:
296
AWS Lambda
Add Code in AWS Lambda to Send Message to your Phone

Here will use SNS Text messaging to send message on the phone using AWS Lambda. You
can use the following code to update AWS Lambda code as follows:
const aws = require("aws-sdk");

const sns = new aws.SNS({
region:'us-east-1'
});

console.log(event);
const snsmessage = event.Records[0].Sns.Message;
console.log(snsmessage);
sns.publish({
Message: snsmessage,
PhoneNumber: '+911212121212'
}, function (err, data) {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
callback(err, null);
} else {
console.log(data);
callback(null, data);
}
});
297
AWS Lambda
};
We have added AWS SDK and the SNS service to use to send message. The message from
the event coming from SNS is send as text message on the phone numbe given.
Observe the following code for example:
sns.publish({
PhoneNumber: '+911212121212'
if (err) {
console.log(err);
} else {
console.log(data);
}
});
298
AWS Lambda
Enter the topic now to see the message in cloudwatch and the phone number given above.
299
AWS Lambda
Click Publish message to publish the message. You see a message on the phone number
given as follows:
300
CloudTrail
AWS CloudTrail is a service available with Amazon, which helps to logs all the activities done
inside AWS console. It logs all the API calls and stores the history, which can be used later
for debugging purpose. Note that we cannot trigger Lambda from CloudTrail. Instead,
CloudTrail stores all the history in the form of logs in S3 bucket and we can trigger AWS
Lambda from S3. Once any logs are to be processed, AWS Lambda will get triggered whenever
any logs are added to S3 bucket.
Requisites
Before you start to work with AWS CloudTrail, S3 and AWS Lambda, you need to perform the
following:
● Create S3 bucket to store CloudTrail logs

● Create SNS service
● Create a trail in CloudTrail and assign the S3 bucket and SNS service
● Create IAM role with permission.
● Create aws lambda function
● AWS Lambda configuration
Example
Let s consider an example which shows the working of AWS CloudTrail, S3 and AWS
Lambda. Here, we will create a bucket in S3 which will store all the logs for any interaction
done in AWS console. Let us create SNS topic and publish it. For this action, the logs will be
entered as a file in S3. AWS lambda will get triggered which will send mail using Amazon
SES service.
The block diagram for explaining this process is as shown below:
301
AWS Lambda
Create S3 Bucket to Store CloudTrail logs

Go to AWS console and click S3 service. Click Create bucket and enter the name of the
bucket you want to store cloudtrail logs as shown:
Observe that here we have created a S3 bucket cloudtraillogsaws for storing the logs.
Create SNS Service

Go to AWS console and click Simple notification Service. Select topics from left side and
click Create new topic button.
302
AWS Lambda
We have created topic called displaytrail to publish a topic. Its details will get stored in S3
bucket that is created above.
Create a Trail in Cloudtrail and Assign the S3 bucket and SNS service
Go to AWS console and click CloudTrail service from Management tools as shown:
Click Trails from the left side as shown below:
Click Create Trail button. Enter the Trail name, Apply trail to all regions and choose Yes.
Then So the logs will be applied for all the region.
303
AWS Lambda
For Read/Write events, choose All. Add the S3 bucket and SNS topic details as shown
below. You can create a new one here or add an existing one.
304
AWS Lambda
Note that there are options available to encrypt log files, enable log file validation , send
sns notification for every log file delivery etc. I have used the default values here.You
can allow file encryption and it will ask for encryption key. Click on Create Trail button once
the details are added.
Create IAM Role with Permission

Go to AWS console and select IAM. Create a role with permission for S3, Lambda, CloudTrail
and SES for sending email.The role created is as shown below:

Go to AWS service and click Lambda service. Add the function name, select runtime as
nodejs, and select the role created for the lambda function.Following is the lambda function
created.
305
AWS Lambda
AWS Lambda Configuration

Next, we need to add S3 as the trigger for AWS lambda created.
Add the S3 bucket details to add the trigger and add the following AWS Lambda code:

region:'us-east-1'
});
region: 'us-east-1'
});
console.log(event);
const s3message = "Bucket Name:"+event.Records[0].s3.bucket.name+"\nLog
details:"+event.Records[0].s3.object.key;
console.log(s3message);
var eParams = {
Destination: {
ToAddresses: ["xxxxxxxxx12@gmail.com"]
},
Message: {
Body: {
306
AWS Lambda
Text: {
Data:s3message
}
},
Subject: {
Data: "cloudtrail logs"
}
},
};

else {
}
});
};
Note that we are taking the S3 bucket and log details from the event and sending mail using
SES service as shown above.
307
AWS Lambda
Whenever any activity takes place in AWS console, the logs will be sent to S3 bucket and at
the same time, AWS lambda will get triggered and the mail will be send to the email id
mentioned in the code.
Note that you can process the logs as per your needs in AWS Lambda.
308
Amazon Kinesis
AWS Kinesis service is used to capture/store real time tracking data coming from website
clicks, logs, social media feeds. We can trigger AWS Lambda to perform additional processing
on this logs.
Requisites
The basic requirements to get started with Kinesis and AWS Lambda are as shown:
● Create role with required permissions

● Create data stream in Kinesis
● Create AWS Lambda function.
● Add code to AWS Lambda
● Add data to Kinesis data stream
Example
Let us work on an example wherein we will trigger AWS Lambda for processing the data
stream from Kinesis and send mail with the data received.
A simple block diagram for explaining the process is shown below:
309
AWS Lambda
Create Role with Required Permissions

Go to AWS console and create a role.
Create Data Stream in Kinesis

Go to AWS console and create data stream in kinesis.
310
AWS Lambda
There are 4 options as shown. We will work on Create data stream in this example.
Click Create data stream. Enter the name in Kinesis stream name given below.
311
AWS Lambda
Enter number of shards for the data stream.
The details of Shards are as shown below:
Enter the name and click the Create Kinesis stream button at the bottom.
Note that it takes certain time for the stream to go active.
312
AWS Lambda

Go to AWS console and click Lambda. Create AWS Lambda function as shown:
Click Create function button at the end of the screen. Add Kinesis as the trigger to AWS
Lambda.
313
AWS Lambda
Add configuration details to the Kinesis trigger:
Add the trigger and now add code to AWS Lambda.
Adding Code to AWS Lambda

For this purpose, we will use nodejs as the run-time. We will send mail once AWS Lambda is
triggered with kinesis data stream.

region: 'us-east-1'
});
let payload = "";
event.Records.forEach(function(record) {
// Kinesis data is base64 encoded so decode here
payload = new Buffer(record.kinesis.data, 'base64').toString('ascii');
314
AWS Lambda
console.log('Decoded payload:', payload);

});
var eParams = {
Destination: {
ToAddresses: ["xxxxxxx@gmail.com"]
},
Message: {
Body: {
Text: {
Data:payload
}
},
Subject: {
Data: "Kinesis data stream"
}
},
Source: "cxxxxxxxxx@gmail.com"
};

else {
}
});
};
The event param has the data entered in kinesis data stream. The above aws lambda code
will get activated once data is entered in kinesis data stream.
315
AWS Lambda
Add Data to Kinesis Data Stream

Here we will use AWS CLI to add data kinesis data stream as shown below. For this purpose,
we can use the following command:
aws kinesis put-record --stream-name kinesisdemo --data "hello world" --

partition-key "789675"
Then, AWS Lambda is activated and the mail is sent.
316
AWS Lambda
317
Custom User Applications
We can use AWS lambda function to process using generated events by user application in
the following two ways:
● Using AWS Console

● Using AWS CLI
Using AWS Console

From AWS console, we will work with events and AWS Lambda. For this purpose, go to AWS
console and create a lambda function.
Next, let us add the code for AWS Lambda:

// TODO implement
console.log("Hello => "+ event.name);
console.log("Address =>"+ event.addr);
callback(null, 'Hello '+event.name +" and address is "+ event.addr);
};
Note that in the above code, we are printing name and address using event.
318
AWS Lambda
The details to the event will be given using the test event created as follows:
Now, save the event and test it.
The corresponding log output is as shown here:
319
AWS Lambda
Using AWS CLI

We can invoke the above function using AWS CLI as follows:
aws lambda invoke --function-name "lambdauserevent" --log-type Tail --payload

file://C:\clioutput\input.txt C:\clioutput\outputfile.txt
The event details are given to payload and the output is stored at
C:\clioutput\outputfile.txt. as follows:
input.txt
{"name":"Roy Singh", "addr":"Mumbai"}
On invoking the Lambda using AWS CLI, you can see the output is as follows:
Similarly, in case you want to test AWS Lambda for any other AWS service, you can do so
using the test event in AWS console and AWS CLI. A sample event for SNS service is shown
below:
{
"Records": [
{
"EventVersion": "1.0",
"EventSubscriptionArn": "arnid",
"EventSource": "aws:sns",
"Sns": {
"SignatureVersion": "1",
320
AWS Lambda
"Timestamp": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
"Signature": "EXAMPLE",
"SigningCertUrl": "EXAMPLE",
"MessageId": "95df01b4-ee98-5cb9-9903-4c221d41eb5e",
"Message": "Hello from SNS!",
"MessageAttributes": {
"Test": {
"Type": "String",
"Value": "TestString"
},
"TestBinary": {
"Type": "Binary",
"Value": "TestBinary"
}
},
"Type": "Notification",
"UnsubscribeUrl": "EXAMPLE",
"TopicArn": "topicarn",
"Subject": "TestInvoke"
}
}
]
}
321
AWS Lambda
Let us add the sample event shown above and test it as shown:
In AWS Lambda, code will print the SNS message as shown in the example given below:

// TODO implement
console.log(event.Records[0].Sns.Message);
322
AWS Lambda
callback(null, event.Records[0].Sns.Message);};
Let us invoke the same using AWS CLI. Let us save the event in a file and use that for payload
using the command shown:
aws lambda invoke --function-name "lambdauserevent" --log-type Tail --payload

file://C:\clioutput\sns.txt C:\clioutput\snsoutput.txt
323
24. AWS Lambda — Using AWS Lambda@Edge AWS Lambda
with CloudFront
Lambda@Edge is an addition to the AWS Lambda compute service which is used to customize
the content that cloudfront delivers.
The block diagram which shows the working of AWS Lambda with cloudfront from AWS is
shown below:
There are four ways in which AWS Lambda can be used:
 Viewer Request: End user makes the request called Viewer Request to CloudFront
 Origin Request: CloudFront forwards the request to the origin
 Origin Response: CloudFront receives the response from the origin
 Viewer Response: CloudFront send the response to the viewer
We can use Lambda@Edge for the following purposes:
● To change the headers at the request and response time.
● Add cookies details to the headers. Carry out AB testing based on the request and
response.
● Redirect the URL to another site, based on the header details.
● We can fetch the user-agent from the headers and find out the details of the
browser, OS, etc.
324
AWS Lambda
Requisites
To start with working on CloudFront and Lambda@Edge, we need the following:
 Create S3 storage bucket with file details

 Create role which will allow permission to work with CloudFront and Lambda@Edge
 Create CloudFront distribution
 Create lambda function
 Add lambda function details to cloudfront
 Check the cloudfront url in browser
We will work on an example with CloudFront and Lambda@Egde, wherein we will host the
page and change the response when detected as desktop and devices.
Create S3 Storage Bucket with File Details

Login to AWS console and create a bucket in S3 and add the .html file which you want to
display.
Click on S3 and Create bucket as shown below:
325
AWS Lambda
Now, click Create bucket button and add the details of the bucket as shown below:
326
AWS Lambda
Click on Create button and upload the .html in it.
Create Role
Go to AWS console and click IAM.
327
AWS Lambda
Now, click Roles -> Create role button as shown:
Choose the permission for S3, Lambda and Cloudfront. It is a good practice to create the
policy giving permission to only the required function, storage by using the ARN details.
328
AWS Lambda
In the example discussed below, we are showing the Full Access permission. Policies for the
role name roleforcloudfront is added as shown above. Click on Create role.
All the policy required for lambda@edge and cloudfront are as shown above. There is a
additional step to be done here since incase of cloudfront the url will be available across region
and it needs a trust relationship between the services we are using.
329
AWS Lambda
Now, for the role created, click on Trust relationships tab as shown:
Click on Edit Trust Relationship as shown below:
330
AWS Lambda
It displays a policy document. We need to add the other services in the Principal -> Service
which we are planning to use. The final trust relationship policy document is as shown below:
Click Update Trust Policy button to save the changes.
Create CloudFront Distribution

Go to CloudFront service as shown below:
Click on CloudFront service and click on Create Distribution:
331
AWS Lambda
Origin Settings, Behaviour Settings and Distribution settings

Let us look into these settings one by one:
Origin Settings
Various parameters of Origin settings are explained as below:
Origin Domain Name: This is the name of the S3 bucket where we have stored the html
files. We can also store images, if any, in the S3 bucket by creating folders of our choice.
Origin Path: Here you need to enter the name of the folder where the files are stored. At
present, we do not have this folder, so we will keep it blank for now.
Origin ID: It gets populated when the origin domain name is selected. You can change the
id as per your choice.
Restrict Bucket Access: In this, we will choose the option yes. Here we need security for
the S3 bucket so that no one has the access to the S3 bucket. For this option there are some
more options populated like Origin Access Identity, Comment and Grant Read
Permission on Bucket.
Origin Access Identity: We have used create a new identity option.You can also choose the
existing identity. This creates a new identity which is used by CloudFront to read the details
from S3 bucket.
Grand Read Permission on Bucket: For this, choose the option Yes.
Origin Custom Headers: We will keep the headers blank here, as we do not need the details
right now.
332
AWS Lambda
Next, let us discuss and fill up the Behaviour Settings for Cloudront distribution:
333
AWS Lambda
Now, select the protocol – https or http, and the caching option. Note that the default caching
is 86400 or 24 hrs. You can change this value as per the requirement.
Click Object Caching (customize option) to change the caching. You can use smooth
streaming in case if there any videos on your page. Here, we are keeping the default option
available. Once the lambda function is created, its details will be added.
The details for distribution settings are shown below:
Various parameters of distribution settings are explained below:
Price class: It has details like the origin of users traffic. Note that here we have selected the
default one - Use All Edge Locations.
AWS WAF Web ACL: This is for web application firewall selection. Here, it has option as
None. First, we need to create the firewall in AWS. It provides security to the site.
Alternate Domain Names: Here you can specify the domain name if you have.
SSL Certificate: This has all the details to be selected for SSL certificate. We will keep the
default ones.
Default Root Object: Here we will specify the filename which we have uploaded in S3. For
this, we need the content from the .html to be displayed by default.
For the rest, we will keep the default setting.
334
AWS Lambda
Click Create Distribution button to add the distribution.
Note that the distribution will take some time to show the status as deployed.

Go to AWS console and create Lambda function.
In AWS Lambda code, we will take the request headers and check the user-agent. If the user-
agent is from desktop, we will change the response to display message as “DESKTOP :
Welcome to AWS Lambda with Cloudfront!” and if device the message will be “MOBILE
DEVICES : Hello from Lambda@Edge!”
The corresponding AWS Lambda code is as shown below:
let content = `
<\!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Simple Lambda@Edge Static Content Response</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
</head>
<body>
<h1>MOBILE DEVICES : Hello from Lambda@Edge!</h1>
</body>
335
AWS Lambda
</html>
`;
let content1 = `
<\!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Simple Lambda@Edge Static Content Response</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
</head>
<body>
<h1>DESKTOP : Welcome to AWS Lambda with Cloudfront!</h1>
</body>
</html>
`;
let request = event.Records[0].cf.request;
let finalrequest = JSON.stringify(request);
let headers = request.headers;
let useragent = JSON.stringify(headers["user-agent"][0].value);
let str = "";
if(/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera
Mini|Mobile|mobile|CriOS/i.test(useragent)) {
str = content;
} else {
str = content1;
}
const response = {
status: '200',
statusDescription: 'OK',
body: str+useragent,
};
};
336
AWS Lambda
Now, save the Lambda function. Note that we need to publish the Lambda function so that it
can be used with all regions. To publish, we need to do the following:
From Actions dropdown, select Publish new version as shown below:
If you , click Publish new version, it displays the following screen:
Now, enter the Version description and click Publish.The ARN will display the version of the
AWS Lambda function created as shown below:
337
AWS Lambda
Add CloudFront trigger to the new version created as shown below:
Now, add the configuration details for CloudFront .The CloudFront event has option for
Viewer request, Origin request, Origin response, and Viewer response.
Next, choose the CloudFront distribution created earlier. From events, we will select Viewer
request. Based on the viewer request, the desktop/device from user-agent will be decided
and the response will be changed. Next, add the trigger details.
338
AWS Lambda
Once the trigger is added, we need to wait for the distribution from CloudFront to be deployed.
Once the status is changed to Deployed, we can test the CloudFront url and check the domain
name in browser.
The display in desktop browser is as shown below. Here we have printed the user-agent from
the viewer-request event.
339
AWS Lambda
This is the display in mobile device.
Thus, in the above example, we have used Lambda@Edge to change response on desktop
and mobile device.
340
AWS Lambda
341
25. AWS Lambda — Monitoring and AWS Lambda
TroubleShooting using Cloudwatch
Functions created in AWS Lambda are monitored by Amazon CloudWatch. It helps in logging
all the requests made to the Lambda function when it is triggered.
Consider that the following code is uploaded in AWS Lambda with function name as
lambdaandcloudwatch.

// TODO implement
console.log("Lambda monitoring using amazon cloudwatch");
callback(null, 'Hello from Lambda');
};
When the function is tested or triggered, you should see an entry in Cloudwatch. For this
purpose, go to AWS services and click CloudWatch.
342
AWS Lambda
Select logs from left side.
343
AWS Lambda
When you click Logs, it has the Log Groups of AWS Lambda function created in your account.
Select any AWS Lambda function and check the details. Here, we are referring to Lambda
function with name:lambdaandcloudwatch. The logs added to the Lambda function are
displayed here as shown below:
Now, let us add S3 trigger to the Lambda function and see the logs details in CloudWatch as
shown below:
344
AWS Lambda
Let us update AWS Lambda code to display the file uploaded and bucket name as shown in
the code given below:

// TODO implement
const filename = event.Records[0].s3.object.key;
};
Now, add file in s3storetestlambdaEvent bucket as shown:
345
AWS Lambda
When the file is uploaded, AWS Lambda functions will get triggered and the console log
messages from Lambda code are displayed in CloudWatch as shown below:
If there is any error, CloudWatch gives the error details as shown below:
346
AWS Lambda
Note that we have referred to the bucket name wrongly in AWS Lambda code as shown:

// TODO implement
const bucket = event.Records[0].bucket.name;
const filename = event.Records[0].s3.object.key;
};
The bucket name reference from the event is wrong. Thus, we should see an error displayed
in CloudWatch as shown below:
347
AWS Lambda
CloudWatch Metrics
The details of the Lambda function execution can be seen in the metrics. Click Metrics
displayed in the left side.
348
AWS Lambda
The graph details for the lambda function lambdaandcloudwatch are as shown below:
It gives details such as the duration for which the Lambda function is executed, number of
times it is invoked and the errors from the Lambda function.
349
26. AWS Lambda —Additional Example AWS Lambda
Till now, we have seen working of AWS Lambda with AWS services. Based on that knowledge,
let us create a simple user registration form and post the data using API gateway to AWS
Lambda. AWS Lambda will get the data from the event or the API gateway trigger and will
add those details to DynamoDB table.
Example
Let us consider an example and perform the following functionalities on it:
● Create DynamoDB Table

● Create Form for User Registration
● Create AWS Lambda and API gateway to send message to Phone using AWS SNS
service
● Create AWS Lambda and API gateway to POST form data and insert in DynamoDb
table
● Create AWS Lambda and API gateway to read data from Dynamodb table
● Final Working of the User Registration Form
Create DynamoDB Table

The data entered will be stored in DynamodDB table. We will use API gateway to share data
entered with AWS Lambda and later AWS Lambda will add the details in DynamoDB.
You can use the following details to create DynamodDB table in AWS console. First, go to
AWS Service and click DynamoDB. Click Table to create the table as shown below:
350
AWS Lambda
You can use the ARN to create policy for the DynamoDB to be used with AWS Lambda.
Go to IAM and select Policies. Click Create policy, choose service as DynamodDB as shown
below:
351
AWS Lambda
Click All DynamoDB actions as shown above. Choose resource and enter the ARN for table
as shown below:
Now, click Add as shown below.
352
AWS Lambda
If you click Review policy button at the end of the screen, you can see the following window:
Enter name of the policy and click Create policy button at the end of the page. Now, we
need to create role to be used with Lambda. We need permissions for DynamoDB, API
Gateway and Lambda.
Go to AWS services and select IAM. Select Roles from left side and add the required roles.
Enter the role name and click Create role. The role created is roleforlambdaexample.
353
AWS Lambda
Create Form for User Registration

Here is the display of the user registration form to enter and to read the data from the
dynamodb table.
Create AWS Lambda and API Gateway to Send OTP Message to Phone
using SNS service
If you see the user registration form, there is a button validate phone. User is suppose to
enter phone number and click on validate phone button to validate the phone number.
For this purpose:
When a user clicks this button, the API gateway post method which contains the phone details
is called and internally AWS Lambda is triggered.
Then, AWS Lambda sends OTP to the phone number entered using AWS SNS service.
The user receives the OTP and has to enter this OTP number.
The textbox to enter OTP will appear when the phone number is entered and validate phone
button is clicked.
The OTP received from AWS Lambda and the OTP entered by the user has to match,to allow
the user to submit the user registration form.
354
AWS Lambda
A simple block diagram that explains the working of phone validation is shown here:
The AWS Lambda function created is as shown here:
The corresponding AWS Lambda code is as given below:

region:'us-east-1'
});
let phoneno = event.mphone;
let otp = Math.floor(100000 + Math.random() * 900000);
let snsmessage = "Your otp is : "+otp;
sns.publish({
PhoneNumber: "+91"+phoneno
if (err) {
console.log(err);
} else {
console.log(data);
callback(null, otp);
}
});
};
355
AWS Lambda
Note that we are using SNS service to send the OTP code. This code is used to validate the
mobile number entered by the user in the user registration form. The API gateway created
for above phone validation is as follows:
356
AWS Lambda
The Lambda function given is phonevalidationexample. We are taking the mobile phone
details here to be used inside AWS Lambda. Then, AWS Lambda will send the OTP code to
the given mobile number.
Create AWS Lambda and API Gateway to POST Form Data and Insert in
DynamoDB Table
For user registration form, all the fields are mandatory. There is an AJAX call made wherein
the data entered in the form is posted to the API Gateway URL.
A simple block diagram which explains the working of the submit button is shown here:
Once the form is filled, the submit button will call the API gateway which will trigger AWS
Lambda. AWS Lambda will get the details of the form from event or the API Gateway and the
data will be inserted in the DynamodDB table.
Let us understand the creation of API Gateway and AWS Lambda.
First, go to AWS services and click Lambda. The Lambda function created is as shown here:
Now, to create an API gateway, go to AWS service and select API Gateway. Click on Create
API button shown below.
357
AWS Lambda
Enter the API name and click on Create API button to add the API.
Now, an API is created called as registeruser. Select the API and click Actions dropdown to
create Resource.
358
AWS Lambda
Click Create Resource. Now, let us add the POST method. For this, click on Resources
created on left side and from Actions dropdown select create method. This will display
dropdown as shown below:
Select the POST method and add the Lambda function that we created above.
359
AWS Lambda
Click Save button to add the method. To send the form details to Lambda function
lambdaexample we need to add the Integration Request as shown below:
360
AWS Lambda
To post the form details, you will have to click Integration Request. It will display below
details.
361
AWS Lambda
Click Body Mapping Templates to add the form fields to be posted.
Next, click Add mapping template and enter the content type. Here, we have added
application/json as the content type. Click it and here you need to enter the field in json
format as shown below:
362
AWS Lambda
Now, click the Save button and deploy the API as shown below:
Here is the API created for POST which will use inside
our .html file.Please note we need to Enable CORS for
the resource created.Will use the api gateway url to
make ajax call so the CORS has to enabled.
Select the Methods on which you want to enable the CORS.Click on Enable CORS and
replace existing CORS headers.
363
AWS Lambda
It displays the confirmation screen as follows:
Click Yes, replace existing values to enable CORS.
The AWS Lambda code for POST API Gateway is as shown here:

const docClient = new aws.DynamoDB.DocumentClient({
region:'us-east-1'
});
console.log(event);
console.log("Entering Data");
var data = {
TableName : "registeruser",
Item : {
364
AWS Lambda
first_name:event.fname,
last_name:event.lname,
emailid:event.emailid,
mobile_no : event.mphone,
otp:event.otp,
username:event.uname,
password:event.passwd,
confirm_password:event.cpasswd
}
}
docClient.put(data,function(err, value){
if (err) {
console.log("Error");
} else {
console.log("data added successfully");
callback(null, value);
}
});
}
The event parameter in AWS Lambda handler will have all the details which are added earlier
in POST integration request. The details from event are added to the DynamodDB table as
shown in the code.
Now, we need to get the service details from AWS-SDK as shown below:

region:'us-east-1'
});
var data = {
Item : {
first_name:event.fname,
last_name:event.lname,
emailid:event.emailid,
365
AWS Lambda
mobile_no : event.mphone,
otp:event.otp,
username:event.uname,
password:event.passwd,
confirm_password:event.cpasswd
}
}
docClient.put(data,function(err, value){
if (err) {
} else {
console.log("data added successfully");
callback(null, value);
}
});
Create AWS Lambda and API Gateway to Read Data from DynamodDB
Table
Now, we will create AWS Lambda function to read data from DynamoDB table. We will trigger
API Gateway to the AWS Lambda function which will send data to the html form.
The AWS Lambda function created is as shown below:
The corresponding AWS Lambda code is as follows:
366
AWS Lambda

region:'us-east-1'
});
var readdata = {
Limit : 10
}
docClient.scan(readdata,function(err, data){
if (err) {
} else {
console.log("Data is " + data);
}
});
}
Here the data is read from the DynamoDB table and given to the callback. Now, we will create
API Gateway and add AWS Lambda function as the trigger.
367
AWS Lambda
We will add get method to the API created earlier.
Lambda function added is lambdareaddataexample. Click Save to save the method and
deploy the api.
368
AWS Lambda
Final Working of the User Registration Form

The final display of the form is as shown below:
Now, enter the details as shown above. Note that the submit button is disabled. It will be
enabled only when all the details are entered as shown:
369
AWS Lambda
Now, enter the mobile number and click validate phone button. It will display the alert
message saying “OTP is send to the mobile, please enter the OTP to continue”. OTP
sent to the mobile number is as follows:
370
AWS Lambda
Enter the OTP and remaining details and submit the form.
The data in DynamoDB registeruser table after submit is as shown here:
371
AWS Lambda
The code details are as given below:
example1.html
<html>
<head>
<script
src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="formdet.js"></script>
<style>
input[type=text],input[type=password],button {
width: 100%;
padding: 5px 5px;
margin: 5px 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
#maincontainer {
width: 80%;
margin: auto;
padding: 10px;
}
div#userregistration {
width: 60%;
float: left;
}
div#userdisplay {
margin-left: 60%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="maincontainer">
<div id="userregistration">
<h1>User Registration Form</h1>
<table border="0">
372
AWS Lambda
<tr>
<td><b>First Name<span style="color:red;">*</span> : </b></td><td><input
type="text" value="" name="fname" id="fname" /></td>
<td id="tdfname" style="display:none;"><span style="color:red;">Enter First
Name</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Last Name<span style="color:red;">*</span> : </b></td><td><input
type="text" value="" name="lname" id="lname" /> </td>
<td id="tdlname" style="display:none;"><span style="color:red;">Enter Last
Name</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Email Id<span style="color:red;">*</span> : </b></td><td><input type="text"
value="" name="emailid" id="emailid" /> </td>
<td id="tdemailid" style="display:none;"><span style="color:red;">Enter
Email</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Mobile No<span style="color:red;">*</span> : </b></td><td><input
type="text" name="mphone" id="mphone"/></td>
<td id="tdmphone" style="display:none;"><span style="color:red;">Enter Mobile
Number</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><button id="validatephone">validate phone</button></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr id="otpdiv" style="display:none;">
<td><b>Enter OTP<span style="color:red;">*</span>:</b> </td><td><input
type="text" value="" name="otp" id="otp" /></td>
<td id="tdotp" style="display:none;"><span style="color:red;">Enter
OTP</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Username<span style="color:red;">*</span>: </b></td><td><input type="text"
value="" name="uname" id="uname"/></td>
373
AWS Lambda
<td id="tduname" style="display:none;"><span style="color:red;">Enter

Username</span></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><b>Password<span style="color:red;">*</span> :</b></td><td><input
type="password" value="" name="passwd" id="passwd"/></td>
<td id="tdpasswd" style="display:none;"><span style="color:red;">Enter
Password</span></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><b>Confirm Password<span style="color:red;">*</span> :</b> </td><td><input
type="password" value="" name="cpasswd" id="cpasswd"/></td>
<td id="tdcpasswd" style="display:none;"><span style="color:red;">Enter
Confirm Password</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><button name="submit" id="submit" style="display:;"
disabled="true">Submit</button></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div id="userdisplay">
<h1>User Display</h1>
<table id="displaydetails" style="display:block;width:80%;padding:5px;margin:5px;
border: 1px solid black;">
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>FirstName</td>
<td>LastName</td>
<td>Mobile No</td>
<td>EmailID</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</body>
374
AWS Lambda
</html>
formdet.js
function validateform() {
var sError="";
if ($("#fname").val() === "") {
$("#tdfname").css("display","");
sError++;
}
if ($("#lname").val() === "") {
$("#tdlname").css("display","");
sError++;
}
if ($("#emailid").val() === "") {
$("#tdemailid").css("display","");
sError++;
}
if ($("#mphone").val() === "") {
$("#tdmphone").css("display","");
sError++;
}
if ($("#otp").val() === "") {
$("#tdotp").css("display","");
sError++;
}
if ($("#uname").val() === "") {
$("#tduname").css("display","");
sError++;
}
if ($("#passwd").val() === "") {
$("#tdpasswd").css("display","");
sError++;
}
if ($("#cpasswd").val() === "") {
375
AWS Lambda
$("#tdcpasswd").css("display","");
sError++;
}
if (sError === "") {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
$("#fname").change(function(){
if ($("#fname").val() !== "") {
$("#tdfname").css("display","none");
} else {
$("#tdfname").css("display","");
}
});
$("#lname").change(function(){
if ($("#lname").val() !== "") {
$("#tdlname").css("display","none");
} else {
$("#tdlname").css("display","");
}
});
$("#emailid").change(function(){
if ($("#emailid").val() !== "") {
$("#tdemailid").css("display","none");
} else {
$("#tdemailid").css("display","");
}
});
$("#mphone").change(function(){
if ($("#mphone").val() !== "") {
$("#tdmphone").css("display","none");
376
AWS Lambda
} else {
$("#tdmphone").css("display","");
}
});
$("#otp").change(function(){
if ($("#otp").val() !== "") {
$("#tdotp").css("display","none");
} else {
$("#tdotp").css("display","");
}
});
$("#uname").change(function(){
if ($("#uname").val() !== "") {
$("#tduname").css("display","none");
} else {
$("#tduname").css("display","");
}
});
$("#passwd").change(function(){
if ($("#passwd").val() !== "") {
$("#tdpasswd").css("display","none");
} else {
$("#tdpasswd").css("display","");
}
});
$("#cpasswd").change(function(){
if ($("#cpasswd").val() !== "") {
$("#tdcpasswd").css("display","none");
} else {
$("#tdcpasswd").css("display","");
377
AWS Lambda
}
});
var posturl = "https://4rvwimysc1.execute-api.us-east-

1.amazonaws.com/prod/adduser";
var phonevalidationurl = "https://wnvt01y6nc.execute-api.us-east-
1.amazonaws.com/prod/validate";
var otpsend = "";
function getdata() {
var a =0;
$.ajax({
type:'GET',
url:posturl,
success: function(data){
$("#displaydetails").html('');
$("#displaydetails").css("display", "");
console.log(data);
$("#displaydetails").append('<tr
style="padding:5px;margin:5px;background-color:gray;"><td>Name</td><td>Mobile
No</td><td>EmailID</td></tr>');
data.Items.forEach(function(registeruser){
var clr = (a%2 === 0) ? "#eee": "white";
a++;
style="padding:5px;margin:5px;background-
color:'+clr+'"><td>'+registeruser.first_name+'-
'+registeruser.last_name+'</td><td>'+registeruser.mobile_no+'</td><td>'+registerus
er.emailid+'</td></tr>');
});
},
error: function(err) {
console.log(err);
}
});
}
$(document).ready(function(){
378
AWS Lambda
$("#otp").on("change", function(){
var otpentered = $("#otp").val();
if (otpsend == otpentered) {
document.getElementById("submit").disabled = false;
} else {
alert("OTP is not valid.Please enter the valid one or validate phone
again to continue!");
document.getElementById("submit").disabled = true;
}
});
$("#validatephone").on("click",function(){
$.ajax({
type:'POST',
url:phonevalidationurl,
data:JSON.stringify({
"mphone":$("#mphone").val()
}),
$("#otpdiv").css("display", "");
alert("OTP is send to the mobile, please enter to continue");
console.log(data);
otpsend = data;
},
error : function(err) {
$("#otpdiv").css("display", "none");
alert("Invalid mobile no.");
}
});
});
$("#submit").on("click",function(){
if (validateform()){
$.ajax({
type:'POST',
url:posturl,
379
AWS Lambda
"fname": $("#fname").val(),
"lname": $("#lname").val(),
"emailid":$("#emailid").val(),
"mphone":$("#mphone").val(),
"otp":$("#otp").val(),
"uname":$("#uname").val(),
"passwd":$("#passwd").val(),
"cpasswd":$("#cpasswd").val()
}),
alert("Data added successfully");
console.log(data);
getdata();
}
});
}
});
getdata();
});
Till now, we have done AJAX call to the API created and posted the data as shown above.
The AJAX call to add the data to the table is as follows:
var posturl = "https://4rvwimysc1.execute-api.us-east-

1.amazonaws.com/prod/adduser";
$(document).ready(function(){
380
AWS Lambda
$("#submit").on("click",function(){
if (validateform()){
$.ajax({
type:'POST',
url:posturl,
"fname": $("#fname").val(),
"lname": $("#lname").val(),
"emailid":$("#emailid").val(),
"mphone":$("#mphone").val(),
"otp":$("#otp").val(),
"uname":$("#uname").val(),
"passwd":$("#passwd").val(),
"cpasswd":$("#cpasswd").val()
}),
alert("Data added successfully");
console.log(data);
getdata();
}
});
}
});
});
Note that to read the data, a function is called, whose code is given below:
function getdata() {
var a =0;
381
AWS Lambda
$.ajax({
type:'GET',
url:posturl,
$("#displaydetails").html('');
$("#displaydetails").css("display", "");
console.log(data);
style="padding:5px;margin:5px;background-color:gray;"><td>Name</td><td>Mobile
No</td><td>EmailID</td></tr>');
data.Items.forEach(function(registeruser){
var clr = (a%2 === 0) ? "#eee": "white";
a++;
style="padding:5px;margin:5px;background-
color:'+clr+'"><td>'+registeruser.first_name+'-
'+registeruser.last_name+'</td><td>'+registeruser.mobile_no+'</td><td>'+registerus
er.emailid+'</td></tr>');
});
},
error: function(err) {
console.log(err);
}
});
}
When you click mobile number validate button, the following code is called and sends the
mobile number:
382
AWS Lambda
var phonevalidationurl = "https://wnvt01y6nc.execute-api.us-east-

1.amazonaws.com/prod/validate";
var otpsend = "";
$("#validatephone").on("click",function(){
$.ajax({
type:'POST',
url:phonevalidationurl,
"mphone":$("#mphone").val()
}),
$("#otpdiv").css("display", "");
alert("OTP is send to the mobile, please enter the OTP to
continue");
console.log(data);
otpsend = data;
},
error : function(err) {
$("#otpdiv").css("display", "none");
alert("Invalid mobile no.");
}
});
});
//Validate otp
$("#otp").on("change", function(){
var otpentered = $("#otp").val();
if (otpsend == otpentered) {
document.getElementById("submit").disabled = false;
} else {
alert("OTP is not valid.Please enter the valid one or validate phone
again to continue!");
document.getElementById("submit").disabled = true;
383

Aws Lambda Tutorial

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Aws Lambda Tutorial

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Aws Lambda Tutorial

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AWS Lambda

About the Tutorial

Copyright &Disclaimer ................................................................................................................................ i

1. AWS LAMBDA — OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 1

What is AWS Lambda? ............................................................................................................................... 1

How AWS Lambda Works? ......................................................................................................................... 1

Advantages of using AWS Lambda ............................................................................................................. 2

Disadvantages of using AWS Lambda ........................................................................................................ 3

Events that Trigger AWS Lambda ............................................................................................................... 3

Use Cases of AWS Lambda ......................................................................................................................... 4

2. AWS LAMBDA — ENVIRONMENT SETUP ................................................................................... 6

Create login in AWS Console ...................................................................................................................... 6

Installation of Visual Studio 2017............................................................................................................. 13

AWS Toolkit Support for Visual Studio 2017 ............................................................................................ 14

AWS Lambda BoilerPlate for NodeJS ....................................................................................................... 17

Installation of Eclipse IDE ......................................................................................................................... 23

AWS Toolkit Support for Eclipse IDE ........................................................................................................ 24

3. AWS LAMBDA — INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 29

AWS Console ........................................................................................................................................... 29

Example: Creating a Function .................................................................................................................. 30

Role creation in AWS Console .................................................................................................................. 32

Parts of AWS Lambda Function ................................................................................................................ 42

4. AWS LAMBDA — BUILDING THE LAMBDA FUNCTION ............................................................. 52

Steps for Building a Lambda function....................................................................................................... 52

Authoring Lambda Code .......................................................................................................................... 52

Deploying Lambda Code .......................................................................................................................... 53

Testing Lambda Code ............................................................................................................................... 53

Monitoring Lambda function ................................................................................................................... 54

5. AWS LAMBDA — FUNCTION IN NODEJS .................................................................................. 59

Handler in NodeJS .................................................................................................................................... 59

Params to Handler ................................................................................................................................... 59

Working with AWS Lambda in Nodejs8.10 ............................................................................................... 60

Context Details in NodeJS ........................................................................................................................ 62

Logging in NodeJS .................................................................................................................................... 64

Error Handling in NodeJS ......................................................................................................................... 66

6. AWS LAMBDA FUNCTION IN JAVA .......................................................................................... 68

Creating JAR file in Eclipse ....................................................................................................................... 68

Handler Details for Java ........................................................................................................................... 72

Context Object in Java ............................................................................................................................. 73

Logging in Java ......................................................................................................................................... 76

Error handling in Java for Lambda Function ............................................................................................. 78

7. AWS LAMBDA — FUNCTION IN PYTHON ................................................................................. 80

Handler Details for Python....................................................................................................................... 82

Context Object in Python ......................................................................................................................... 83

Logging using Python ............................................................................................................................... 86

Error Handling in Python for Lambda function ......................................................................................... 88

8. AWS LAMBDA — FUNCTION IN GO ......................................................................................... 90

AWS Lambda Function using GO .............................................................................................................. 94

Lambda function handler with Go............................................................................................................ 96

Context object with Go ............................................................................................................................ 98

Logging data .......................................................................................................................................... 101

Checking Logs in CloudWatch ................................................................................................................ 102

Function Errors ...................................................................................................................................... 103

9. AWS LAMBDA — FUNCTION IN C# ........................................................................................ 105

Handler Details for C# ............................................................................................................................ 108

Handler Signature .................................................................................................................................. 115

Context object in C# ............................................................................................................................... 117

Logging using C# .................................................................................................................................... 120

Error Handling in C# for Lambda Function .............................................................................................. 121

10. AWS LAMBDA — CONFIGURING LAMBDA FUNCTION........................................................ 123