Code No.

Subject Marks
22. Business Administration 100
23. Public Administration 100
24. Governance & Public Policies 100
25. Town Planning & Urban Management 100

Code No. Subject Marks

26. History of Pakistan & India 100
27. Islamic History & Culture 100
28. British History 100
29. European History 100
30. History of USA 100

Code No. Subject Mark

s
31. Gender Studies 100
32. Environmental Sciences 100
33. Agriculture & Forestry 100
34. Botany 100
35. Zoology 100
36. English Literature 100
37. Urdu Literature 100

Code No. Subject Marks

38. Law 100
39. Constitutional Law 100
40. International Law 100
41. Muslim Law & Jurisprudence 100
42. Mercantile Law 100
43. Criminology 100
44. Philosophy 100

Code No. Subject Marks

45. Journalism & Mass Communication 100
48. Sociology 100
49. Anthropology 100
 PAPER: ENGLISH ESSAY (100 MARKS)

Candidates will be required to write one or more Essay in English. A wide choice of topics will be
given.

Candidates are expected to reflect comprehensive and research based knowledge on a selected
topic. Candidate’s articulation, expression and technical treatment of the style of English Essay
writing will be examined.

PAPER: ENGLISH (PRECIS & COMPOSITION) (100 MARKS)

The examination in this subject will be based upon a paper carrying 100 marks to Test the
candidate’s abilities to handle Precis Writing, Reading Comprehension, Sentence Structuring,
Translation, Grammar and Vocabulary, etc.
I. Precis Writing (20 marks)

A careful selected passage with an orientation of generic understanding and enough flexibility for
compression shall be given for précising and suggesting an appropriate title. Out of the total 20
marks allocated to this question, 15 shall go to précising the text and 5 to suggesting the title.
II. Reading Comprehension (20 marks)

A carefully selected passage that is rich in substance but not very technical or discipline - specific
shall be given, followed by five questions, each carrying 4 marks.
III. Grammar and Vocabulary (20 marks)

Correct usage of Tense, Articles, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Punctuation, Phrasal Verbs,

Synonyms and Antonyms etc.
IV. Sentence Correction (10 marks)

The sentences shall be given each having a clear structural flaw in terms of grammar or
punctuation. The candidates shall be asked to rewrite them with really needed correction only,
without making unnecessary alterations. No two or more sentence should have exactly the same
problem, and 2-3 sentences shall be based on correction of punctuation marks.
V. Grouping of Words (10 marks)

A random list of twenty words of moderate standard (neither very easy nor utterly unfamiliar) shall
be given, to be grouped by the candidates in pairs of those having similar or opposite meaning, as
may be clearly directed in the question.
VI. Pairs of Words (10 marks)

Ten pairs shall be given of seemingly similar words with different meanings, generally confused in
communication, for bringing out the difference in meaning of any five of them by first explaining them
in parenthesis and then using them in sentence
VII. Translation (10 marks)

Ten short Urdu sentences involving structural composition, significant terms and figurative/idiomatic
expressions shall be given, to be accurately translated into English.
PAPER: GENERAL SCIENCE & ABILITY (100 MARKS)

Part-I (General Science) 60 Marks

I. Physical Sciences
 Constituents and Structure:-Universe, Galaxy, Light Year, Solar System, Sun, Earth,
Astronomical System of Units.
 Process of Nature: - Solar and Lunar Eclipses, Rotation and Revolution, Weather
Variables (Global Temperature, Pressure, Circulation, Precipitation, Humidity) and Weather
Variations.
 Natural Hazards and Disasters: - Earth Quake, Volcanic Eruption, Tsunami, Floods,
Avalanche, Travelling Cyclone (Tropical Cyclone, Middle Latitude Cyclone and Tornadoes),
Drought, Wildfire, Urban Fire. Disaster Risk Management.
 Energy Resources: - Sources of Energy (Renewable i.e. LED Energy, Solar Energy, Wind
Energy and Non-Renewable Energy conservation and its sustainable use.
 Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonding, Electromagnetic Radiations.
 Modern Materials/Chemicals: - Ceramics, Plastics, Semiconductors. Antibiotics,
Vaccines, Fertilizers, Pesticides.

II. Biological Sciences

 The Basis of Life: - Cell Structures and Functions (Subcellular Organelles such as Nucleus,
Mitochondria and Ribosomes).
 Biomolecules: - Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates and Enzymes.
 Plant and Animal Kingdom: - A brief survey of plant and animal kingdom to pinpoint
similarities and diversities in nature.
 A Brief Account of Human Physiology.
 Common Diseases and Epidemics: - Polio, Diarrhea, Malaria, Hepatitis, Dengue their
Causes and Prevention.
 New Model Concept of Producing BIO Fuel Method

III. Environmental Science

 Environment: - The Atmosphere (Layered Structure and Composition), Hydrosphere (Water
Cycle, Major Water Compartments), Biosphere (Major Biomes) and Lithosphere (Minerals
and Rocks, Rock Types, Plate Tectonics).
 Atmospheric Pollution: - Types, Sources, Causes and effects of major air pollutants (COx,
Particulate Matter, NOx, SOx, Tropospheric Ozone, Volatile Organic Compounds, Dioxins).
Regional and Global air pollution issues (Acid-rain, Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Effect
and Global Warming). International agreements on air pollution control (Montreal Protocol
and Kyoto Protocol).
 Water Pollution:- Types, sources, causes and effects of major water pollutants (Synthetic
Organic Chemicals, Oxygen Demanding Wastes, Plant Nutrients, Thermal Pollution,
Infectious Agents, Sediments, Radioactivity, Heavy Metals and Acids). Drinking water
quality and standards.
 Land Pollution: - Solid waste management and disposal.
 Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Environmental Science.
 Population Planning.
 

IV. Food Science

 Concept of Balance Diet: - Vitamins, Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats and oil, Minerals, Fiber.
 Quality of Food:- Bioavailability of Nutrients, Appearance, Texture, Flavor, Quality of
Packed and Frozen Food, Food Additives, Preservatives and Antioxidants
 Food Deterioration and its Control: - Causes of Food Deterioration, Adulteration, Food
Preservation.

V. Information Technology
 Computer (Hardware & Software Fundamentals); I/O Processing and data storage,
Networking & Internet Standards, Application and business Software, Social Media Websites.
Information Systems. Fundamentals of artificial intelligence.
 Telecommunications: - Basics of Wireless Communication (Mobile, Satellite, Surveillance
and GPS and Fiber Optic etc.

Part-II (General Ability) 40 Marks

VI. Quantitative Ability/Reasoning

 Basic Mathematical Skills.
 Concepts and ability to reasons quantitatively and solve problems in a quantitative
setting.
 Basic Arithmetic, Algebra and Geometry (Average, Ratios, Rates, Percentage, Angles,
Triangles, Sets, Remainders, Equations, Symbols, Rounding of Numbers
 Random Sampling
VII. Logical Reasoning and Analytical Reasoning/Ability
 Logical Reasoning includes the process of using a rational, systematic series of steps
based on sound mathematical procedures and given statements to arrive at a conclusion
 Analytical Reasoning/Ability includes visualizing, articulating and solving both complex
and uncomplicated problems and concepts and making decisions that are sensible based
on available information, including demonstration of the ability to apply logical thinking to
gathering and analyzing information.
VIII. Mental Abilities
 Mental Abilities Scales that measures specific constructs such as verbal, mechanical,
numerical and social ability.
PAPER: CURRENT AFFAIRS (100 MARKS)

Candidates will be expected to display such general knowledge of history, politics and International
Affairs, as deemed necessary to interpret current affairs.

I. Pakistan's Domestic Affairs (20 marks)

 Political
 Economic
 Social
II. Pakistan's External Affairs (40 marks)
 Pakistan’s relations with its Neighbors (India, China, Afghanistan, Russia)
 Pakistan’s relations with the Muslim World (Iran, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Turkey)
 Pakistan’s relations with the United States
 Pakistan’s relations with Regional and International Organizations (UN, SAARC, ECO,
OIC, WTO, CW)
III. Global Issues (40 marks)
 International Security
 International Political Economy
 Human Rights
 Environment: Global Warming, Kyoto Protocol, Copenhagen Accord
 Population: world population trends, world population policies
 Terrorism and Counter Terrorism
 Global Energy Politics
 Nuclear Proliferation and Nuclear Security
 Nuclear Politics in South Asia
 International Trade (Doha Development Round and Bali Package)
 Cooperation and Competition in Arabian Sea, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
 Millennium Development Goals, Current Status,
 Globalization
 Middle East Crisis
 Kashmir Issue
 Palestine Issue
PAPER: PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (100 MARKS)

I. Ideology of Pakistan-----definition and elucidation, historical aspects: Muslim rule in the

Sub-Continent, its downfall and efforts for Renaissance. Movements for reforms-- Shaikh
Ahmad Sarhindi, Shah Waliullah, Sayyid Ahmad Shaheed, Aligarh, Deoband, Nadwah,
and other educational institutions-------Sindh Madrassah and Islamia College Peshawae.
Ideology of Pakistan in the light of Speeches and statements of Allama Iqbal and Quaid - i
Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
II. Land and people of Pakistan------- Geography, Society, Natural resources, Agriculture,
Industry and education with reference to characteristics, trends and problems.
III. Pakistan and Changing Regional Apparatus
IV. Nuclear Program of Pakistan, its Safety and Security; International Concerns
V. Regional Economic Cooperation (SAARC,ECO,SCO) and the Role of Pakistan
VI. Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan
VII. Economic Challenges in Pakistan
VIII. Non-Traditional Security Threats in Pakistan: Role of Non-State Actors
IX. Pakistan’s Role in the Region
X. Palestine Issue
XI. Changing Security Dynamics for Pakistan: Challenges to National Security of
Pakistan
XII. Political Evolution Since 1971
XIII. Pakistan and US War on Terror
XIV. Foreign Policy of Pakistan Post 9/11
XV. Evolution of Democratic System in Pakistan
XVI. Ethnic Issues and National Integration
XVII. Hydro Politics ; Water Issues in Domestic and Regional Context
XVIII. Pakistan’s National Interest
XIX. Challenges to Sovereignty
XX. Pakistan’s Energy Problems and their Effects
XXI. Pakistan’s Relations with Neighbors excluding India
XXII. Pakistan and India Relations Since 1947
XXIII. Kashmir Issue
XXIV. The war in Afghanistan since 1979 and its impact on, and challenges to Pakistan, in the
Post 2014 era.
XXV. Proxy Wars: Role of External Elements

XXVI. Economic Conditions of Pakistan, the Most Recent Economic Survey, the Previous and
Current Budgets, and the Problems and Performance of Major Sectors of Economy.
XXVII. The Recent Constitutional and Legal Debates, the Latest Constitutional Amendments and
Important Legislations, Legal Cases and the Role of Higher Courts.
XXVIII. The Prevailing Social Problems of Pakistan and the Strategies to Deal with Them,
Poverty, Education, Health and Sanitation.
PAPER: ISLAMIC STUDIES (100 MARKS)

I. Introduction of Islam.
Concept of Islam.
Importance of Deen in Human Life.
Difference between Deen and Religion.
Distinctive Aspects of Islam.
Islamic Beliefs & its Impact on Individual & Society and the Fundamental of Islam
Islamic Worships: Spiritual, Moral and Social Impact.

II. Study of Seerah of Prophet Mohammad (PBAH) as Role Model for:-

Individual
Diplomat
Educator
Military Strategist
Peace Maker

III. Human Rights & Status of Woman in Islam.

Human Rights and Status of Woman in Islam
Dignity of Men and Women

IV. Islamic Civilization and Culture:

Meanings and the Vital Elements
Role of Civilization in Development of Human Personality and Communities
Distinctions of Islamic Civilization (Tauheed, Spiritualism, Dignity of Man, Equality, Social
Justice, Moral Values, Tolerance, Rule of Law)
V. Islam and World.
Impact of Islamic Civilization on the West and Vice Versa
The Role of Islam in the Modern World.
Muslim World and the Contemporary Challenges.
Rise of Extremism.

VI. Public Administration and Governance in Islam

Concept of Public Administration in Islam
Quranic Guidance on Good Governance
Concept of Governance and its Applications in the light of Quran, Sunnah and Fiqh.
Governance Structure in Islam i.e. (Shura, Legislation, Sources of Islamic Law)
Governance under Pious Khelifat
Particular letters of Hazrat Umar (R.A) and Hazrat Ali (R.A) to different Authority.
Responsibilities of Civil Servants
System of Accountability in Islam

VII. Islamic Code of Life.

Salient Features of Islamic Systems, Social System, Political System, Economic
System, Judicial System, Administrative System,
Procedure of Ijmah and Ijtehad
PAPER: ANTHROPOLOGY (100 MARKS)

I. Anthropology

 Definition of anthropology, its historical development and recent trends

II. Social Anthropology
 Definition of culture, its characteristics and functions
 Relationship of anthropology with other social sciences
 Sub fields of anthropology that is Biological, archeological, linguistics
 Institution of Family and Marriage
(Definition, types, structure, functions, family organization)
 Kinship and Social Organization
(Definition, types, functions, kinship terminology etc)
 Economic Organization: (Definition, evolution, substantivism versus formalism,
reciprocity, production, consumption, redistribution, barter and primitive economic
systems)
 Political organization: (Definition, evolution of political system, characteristics of Band
societies, tribal societies, Chiefdom, and State societies. Internal conflict theories,
external conflict theories, origin of civilization, the politic of identity, ethnicity, nationalism
modernism, post modernism etc
 Religion: (Definition, evolution of primitive religions, functions of religion, comparison of
divine religions and other world religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism etc
 Contemporary human problems; such as poverty, social inequality, political
instability, population problems and ethnic violence and terrorism etc

III. Urban Anthropology

Rural-urban migration, expansion of cities, major environmental issues, and sanitation problems.
Urbanization and development, establishment of slums and squatter settlements, refugees,
Yankees, betties, gypsies, wars and conflict. Conversion of power from feudal to industrialists,
institutionalization, education system, and change in the mode of production: agriculture to
Capitalists’ poverty: theories and remedies, psychological, cultural, economical, political, religious,
physical, environmental, ecological, demographical, lingual, and city management. Conflict theory:
Carl Marx, problems created by the mechanization and automation.
IV. Socio-Cultural Changes
Definitions of socio-cultural Changes, various Dimensions of Social Change, barriers in socio-
cultural and psychological change. Motivational factors for change, Population
pressure, diffusion of innovation, socio-religious barriers in accepting the innovation and new
ideas. Media and Cultural Change, Dynamics of change in Pakistan: Trends and Prospects

V. Ethnicity and race

Ethnic Groups and Ethnicity: Origin of race and theories; Ethnic Groups, Nations and Nationality;
Ethnic Conflict; Degree of Social Variation; Rank Societies; caste and Class Societies; Racism and
Inequality, Ethnicity and Inequality, and Social Stratification etc.

VI. Anthropological Theories

 Contributors: (Edward Burnett Taylor, Lewis Henry Morgan, James Frazer, Kari Marx,
Edmund Leach, Franz Boas, Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, Alfred Krobber, AR
Radcliff-Brown, Malinowski, Clifford Geertz, Talal Asad, Akbar S Ahamd, ibne-Khaldoon,
Shah Waliulah)
 Classical Theories (Degenerations, Evolutionism, Diffusions,
 Modern Theories Functionalism, Structural-functionalism, Class struggle,
Structuralism, Historical Particularism, Feminism, Culture and personality)
 Current Trends in Anthropological Thoughts: (Post Modernism, Romanticism, Poetics
and Political of Ethnography)
VII. Anthropological Research Methods
 Meaning, definition, types and aims of social research
 Qualitative and Quantitative research
 Purpose of research, Research Question, Variables, Hypothesis, Research Objective,
Research design, Sampling, field Data Collection, Tools of Data Collection
(Questionnaire, Interview, Participant Observation), Data Classification, Data Analysis,
and Report Writing.
PAPER: CRIMINOLOGY (100 MARKS)

Section-I (25 Marks)

I. Introduction
Basic concepts used in understanding crime, criminality and criminal.
II. Understanding Criminology
Definition, meaning and scope of criminology, Criminology and criminal law, Crime as
social problem, Crime and social organization, related concepts: Deviance, Sin and Vice
III. Crime and Criminals
Occasional criminals, Habitual criminals, Professional criminals, White-collar crime, Organized
crime, corporate crimes.
IV. Crime and Criminality: Theoretical Perspectives
Early explanation of criminal behavior
 Classical School
 Positivist School (Biological and Psychological Explanations)
 Positivist School (Sociological Explanation)
 Social Disorganization theory
 Strain theory
 Social Control theory
 Learning theory
 Labeling Theory
 Islamic perspective
Section-II (25 Marks)

V. Juvenile Delinquency
Meaning, definitions (Behavioral Vs Legal), Juvenile delinquent Vs status offender, Official
statistics of juvenile delinquency

VI. Juvenile Justice System

 Role of police
 Juvenile court process:
 pretrial, trial and sentencing
 Role of prosecutor, defense counsel, juvenile judge, juvenile probation officer
 Juvenile correctional institutions,probation and non-punitive alternatives
VII. The Criminal Justice System:
 Police and its role
 Trial and Conviction of Offenders
 Agencies: formal and informal
 Criminal courts: procedures and problems
 Role of prosecutors
 Prisons, Probation and Parole
VIII. Punitive and Reformative Treatment of Criminals
Corporal punishment, Imprisonment, Rehabilitation of criminals.
Section-III (25 Marks)
IX. Criminal Investigation
Principles of criminal investigation, Manual of preliminary investigation, Intelligence operations,
Data base investigation, Electronic investigation, Forensic Investigation
X. Techniques of Investigations
Gathering information from persons, Interviewing and interrogation techniques, Criminal
investigation analysis,
XI. Legal and Ethical Guidelines for Investigators
Stop and frisk operations, Arrest procedures, Search and seizure.
XII. International Policing Criminal Justice Monitoring Organizations
UNAFEI, INTERPOL, EUROPOL, UNODC, UNICEF, IPA, etc.
Section-IV (25 Marks)
XIII. Modern Concepts in Contemporary Criminology
 Terrorism, Radicalism and War on Terror
 Media’s representation of Crime and the Criminal Justice System
 Modern Law Enforcement and Crime Prevention
 Intelligence-led Policing
 Community Policing
 Private Public Partnership
 Gender and Crime in Urban and Rural Pakistan
 Crime and Urbanization, Organized Crime and White-Collar Crime
 Human Rights Abuses and Protection, especially Children, Women and Minorities and the
role of civil society and NGOs
 Money-laundering
 Cyber Crime
 Role of NAB, FIA, ANF
 PAPER: GENDER STUDIES (100 MARKS)

I. Introduction to Gender Studies

Introduction to Gender Studies
Difference between Gender and Women Studies
Multi-disciplinary nature of Gender Studies
Autonomy vs. Integration Debate in Gender Studies
Status of Gender Studies in Pakistan

II. Social Construction of Gender

Historicizing Constructionism
 Problematizing the category of “Sex”: Queer Theory
 Is “Sex” socially determined, too?
Masculinities and Feminism
Nature versus Culture: A Debate in Gender Development

III. Feminist Theories and Practice

What is Feminism, Liberal Feminism Radical Feminism, Marxist/Socialist
Feminism, Psychoanalytical Feminism, Men’s Feminism, Postmodern
Feminism

IV. Feminist Movements

Feminist Movements in the West, First Wave, Second Wave and Third Wave Feminism,
United Nation Conferences on Women, Feminist Movements in Pakistan.

V. Gender and Development

Colonial and Capitalistic Perspectives of Gender
Gender Analysis of Development Theories; Modernization Theory, World System Theory,
Dependency Theory, Structural Functionalism.
Gender Approaches to Development: Women in Development (WID), Women and
Development (WAD), Gender and Development (GAD); Gender Critique of Structural
Adjustment Policies (SAPs).
Globalization and Gender

VI. Status of Women in Pakistan

 Status of Women’s health in Pakistan
Status of Women in Education
Women and Employment
Women and Law
VII. Gender and Governance
Defining Governance, Suffragist Movement, Gender Issues in Women as Voters
Gender Issues in Women as Candidates, Gender Issues in Women as
Representatives, Impact of Political Quota in Pakistan
VIII. Gender Based Violence
Defining Gender Based Violence
Theories of Violence against Women
Structural and Direct Forms of Violence
Strategies to Eliminate Violence against Women
IX. Case Studies of:
Mukhtaran Mai, Mallala Yousaf Zai, Shermin Ubaid Chinoy
PAPER: INTERNATIONAL LAW (100 MARKS)

I. Nature, Origin and Basis of International Law.

 The Emergence of International Law, Early European Authors, The Nation-State
System, The Enforcement of International Law, The Effectiveness of International Law,
The Weakness of International Law, The Juridical Basis of International law, The Future
of International law and Material Sources of International Law.

II. Relation between International Law and State Law.

 Article 38 of the Statute of International Court of Justice, Primary Sources of
International Law, Subsidiary Sources of International Law, International Soft Law

III. State in General and Recognition

 Personality and Statehood in International Law, The Subjects of International Law,
Recognition of State and Government in International Law, Recognition of State and
Government in National Law.

IV. The Law and Practice as to Treaties

 The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

V. The Settlement of International Disputes.

 Negotiation, Mediation and Good Offices, Inquiry, Settlement by the United Nations,
Conciliation, Arbitration, The International Court of Justice.

VI. International Humanitarian Law.

 International and Non-International Armed Conflicts, Non-International Armed Conflict,
‘Combatant’ and ‘Protected Persons’, Protection of Wounded, Sick and Ship-Wrecked
Persons, POWs, Civilians, Limitations on the Conduct of War, Limits on the Choice of
Methods and Means of Warfare.

VII. The Use of Force

 The Law before the UN Charter, The Law after the Charter, The Collective Use of Force,
The Right of Self-Defence.
VIII. International Institutions
IX. State Territorial Sovereignty.
X. State Responsibility.
XI. State Jurisdiction.
XII. Succession to Rights and Obligations.
XIII. The State and the Individual.
XIV. The State and the Economic Interest.
XV. Diplomatic Envoys, Counsels and other Representatives.
XVI. War, Armed Conflicts and other Hostilities.
XVII. Neutrality.
 PAPER: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (200 MARKS)

Paper—1 (Marks-100)

I. Introduction
 The Definition and Scope of International Relations.
 The Nation-State System
 Evolution of International Society

II. Theories and Approaches

 The Classical Approaches-Realism and idealism
 The Scientific Revolution-Behavioral Approach, System Approach,
 Neo-realism, Neo-liberalism.
 Post-modernism, Critical Theory, Feminism, Constructivism

III. International Political Security.

 Conceptualization of security in the twenty-first century
 Power. Elements of National Power
 Balance of Power
 Foreign Policy: Determinants, Decision making and analysis
 Sovereignty
 National Interest

IV. Strategic Approach to International Relation.

 War: Causation of War, Total War, Limited War, Asymmetric Warfare, civil war, Guerilla
war
 Strategic Culture: Determinants of Pakistani Strategic Culture.
 Deterrence: Theory and practice with special reference to Nuclear India and Pakistan

V. International Political Economy.

 Theories in IPE: Mercantilism, Economic Liberalism, and neo- Marxism
 Theories of Imperialism, Dependence and Interdependence

VI. International political community.

 Nationalism
 Internationalism
 Globalization
VII. Approaches to Peace
 Diplomacy
 International Law
 Arms Control /Disarmament and Nuclear Non proliferation Regime
VIII. International Political Institution
 United Nations
 International Monetary Fund (IMF)
 World Bank
 International Court of Justice
 Paper- II (Marks-100)

I. International Relation between two Wars

 Russian Revolution, Fascism, League of Nations, Second World War
II. Cold War
 Decolonization in Asia and Africa.
 Rise of United States and Soviet Union,
 Era of Tight Bipolarity, Détente and Loose Bipolarity, Revival of Cold War
III. Post Cold War
 End of History, Clash of Civilization, Terrorism, Globalization, unipolarity New world
Order
IV. International and Regional Organizations
 League of Nation, United Nations, Regional Organizations, EU, ASEAN, NAFTA, SAARC,
SCO, OIC, ECO, WTO.
 Reforms in the United Nations, World Bank and the IMF
V. Foreign Policy of Selected Countries
 USA, Russia, China, UK, India, Pakistan and EU
VI. South Asia
 Peace-making and Peace-Building in South Asia: Analytical overview of peace
processes between/among the states of South Asia especially between India and
Pakistan.
 India and Pakistan: Overview of agreements and accords, Indus Water Treaty;
Composite Dialogue; Sir Creek & Siachen border, Visa and People to people contact;
Trade; and Role of civil society
 Afghanistan: Cold war theatre; Soviet Invasion Mujahedeen; Geneva Accord; Post Cold
War situation---Rise of Taliban, AL-Qeada & 9/11; Operation Enduring Freedom; The
Bonn Process- Withdrawal
VII. Weapons of Mass Destruction
 Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
 Nuclear Weapon States- Programs and Postures: Indian-Pakistan Nuclear Doctrines
 Nuclear Non –Proliferation Regime: International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear Non-
proliferation Treaty; Nuclear Supplier Group; Partial Test Ban Treaty; Comprehensive
Test Ban Treaty; Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty
 Challenges of Non-Proliferation, Nuclear Civil Deal Regime
 The Missile Defence Systems and their impact on global strategic environment
 Militarization and Weaponization of Space.

VIII. Contemporary Issues

 Indian Ocean and PACIFIC Ocean; Great Powers Moves and hegemony
 Kashmir Issue
 Palestine Issue
PAPER: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (100 MARKS)

I. Public Administration: Concepts, Approaches and Context

Definitions; Role and Scope of Public Administration in Society; Issues in Public

Administration Theory and Practice – Democracy versus Bureaucracy, Politics versus
Administration, Efficiency versus Equity; Core Values of Public Administration – Rule ofLaw,
Efficiency, Equity and Fairness, Responsiveness; Traditional Public Administration; New
Public Management; New Public Service; Governance Approach to Public Administration;
Islamic Concept of Public Administration; Historical roots of Public administration in Pakistan.
II. Public Organization: Classical and Contemporary Theories and
Concepts

Bureaucracy; Scientific Management; The Human Relations; Leadership, Motivation,

Network; Governance; Strategic Management; Public Choice; Administrative Culture; Types
of Organizational Structure; Organization of Federal, Provincial, and Local Government in
Pakistan; Administrative Culture of Pakistan; Inter-governmental Relations at Federal and
Provincial level in Pakistan.

III. Public Policy Planning, Implementation and Evaluation

Strategic Planning and Management; Planning Process; Policy Analysis; Policy

Implementation; Program Evaluation; Planning Machinery; Role of Donors and International
Institutions in Public Policy and Management; Policy making and implementation of Federal
Government of Pakistan.

IV. Budgeting and Financial Management

The Budget as a Policy Tool; The Budget as a Managerial Tool; Principles of Budgeting,
Auditing and Accounting in Government; The Line-Item Budget; The Performance Budget;
Program Budgeting; Zero-Base Budgeting; Outcome-Based Budgeting. Planning and
Budgeting in Pakistan.

V. Managing Human Resources

Spoil versus Merit System in Public Employment; Personnel versus Human Resources
Management; Close versus Open System of Public Employment; Functions of Human
Resources Management; Challenges of Adopting HRM in Public Sector.

VI. Administrative Law

Meaning, Scope and Significance; Nature and Contents of Administrative Law, Administrative
Ethics, Delegation of authority and Legislation, Administrative Tribunals; Administrative Law-
Pakistan.

VII. Public Management Skills

Communication; Decision Making, Conflict Management; Leading, AdministrativeBuffering;

Managing Change; Managing Diversity; Stress Management;
 Delegation; Public Service Motivation; Creativity and Problem Solving; Issues of Public
Management.

VIII. The Civil Service of Pakistan

Historical Background of Civil Service, The Structure of civil Service; History of Civil Service
Reform; Management of Civil Service; Institutional and Cultural Context of Civil Service; Role
of Civil Service in Good Governance, Gender and Civil Service.

IX. Organization of Provincial and Local Government

Governance Structure of Provincial Administration; Organization of Provincial Secretariat;

Organization and Functions of Provincial Authorities and Agencies and their Relationship with
Government Departments; Post-devolution Local Governance; Organization and Functions of
District Government and Administration; Organization and Structure of City District
Government; Issues and Challenges of Local Governance.

X. Governance and Administrative Reforms

Theories of Administrative Reforms; Types of Administrative Reforms, Privatization,

Regulation, De-regulation, Decentralization, Business Re-engineering, Quality Assurance;
Administrative Reform in Pakistan.

XI. Public Administration: Accountability & Control

Bureaucratic Responsiveness; Representative Bureaucracy; Citizens Engagement in Public

Service; Accountability & Control, The Concept and Approaches to Public Accountability
ofPublic Service; Institutional Framework for Administrative Accountability; Legislative,
Executive and Judicial Control over Administration, Administrative Corruption; Role of Civil
Society in Good Governance, Media, Interest Groups, Civil Society Organizations; The
Situation in Pakistan.

XII. Public Administration and Development

Role of Public Administration in Development; Concept of Development Administration;

Difference Between Development Administration and Development Management; Changing
Role of Public Administration in Development, Issues and Challenges in Public
Administration- The Pakistan Situation.
PAPER: SOCIOLOGY (100 MARKS)

I. General Sociology

1. Individual: Sociability or the sociality of man.

2. Culture: Meaning and Characteristics (Culture is variable, learnt, social, shared,
Transmissive, dynamic and adaptive), types (Material, Non –material), functions (transfer
of knowledge, define situation, provide Behaviour pattern, moulds personality) and
elements of culture (norms, values, beliefs, sanctions, customs).Culture and Socialization;
formal and non-formal socialization, transmission of culture, cultural relativism. Sub-
cultures. Ethnocentrism and xenocentrism, Cultural lag, High culture and popular culture.
Multiculturalism, assimilation, and acculturation.
3. Society: Meaning and characteristics. Community; meaning and characteristics.
Individual and society. Relationship between individual and society. Two main theories
regarding the relationship of man and society (i) the social contact theory and (ii) the
organismic theory. Social and cultural evolution of society (Hunting and Gathering Society,
Herding and Advance Herding Society, Horticultural Society, Agrarian Society, Industrial
Society, Post modern Society).
4. Social Interaction: Caste and classes, Forms of social classes, Feudal system in
Pakistan, Social Mobility-nature of social mobility and its determinants in Pakistani society,
Culture of poverty.
5. Social Control: Mechanisms of social control-formal and informal means of social control,
Anomie, Alienation and social Integration-Means of social integration in Pakistani Society.
6. Social and Cultural Change and Social Policy: Processes of Social and Cultural Change-
discovery, inhibitions to social and cultural change in Pakistan Social planning and directed
social and cultural change, effect of Industrialization, Urbanization, Modernization and Modern
Means of Communication on Social Change.
7. Public Opinion: Formation of Public, Opinion, Concept of opinion leader, characteristics of
opinion leadership.
8. Community: The rural community, Traditional Characteristics of rural life, The urban
community, Rural – Urban convergence, Urbanism, Future of cities in Pakistan.
9. Social Institutions: The nature and genesis of institutions, the process of
institutionalization, Functions of Social Institutions: Family, Religion, Education, Economy
and Politics.
10. Social Problems in Pakistan: High population growth rate, Rural –urban migration.
Issues of technical/vocational training, Deviance and street crime, Unemployment,
illiteracy and School drop out, Smuggling, Prostitution, Poverty,
Drug Addiction, Child Labour and Abuse Bonded Labour, Social Customs and Traditions
effecting Women in Pakistan, Violence Against Women’s and Domestics Violence, Issues
concerning the Elderly’s in Pakistan.
II. Sociological Theory:

Three sociological perspectives: Structural Functionalism, Symbolic interactions and Conflict.

Theorists: Ibn-i-Khaldun Spencer, August Comte, Emile Dukheim, Max Weber, Kari Marx,
Parson.
III. Methods of Sociological Research:

Scientific Method, Steps in research, Types of Questionnaire Research Design, Surveys,

Observation and Case Studies.
PAPER: TOWN PLANNING & URBAN MANAGEMENT (100 MARKS)

I. Definition of Town Planning, Goals and objectives of Town Planning: Town Planning
as a multi-disciplinary approach and relationship of Town Planning with other
professions.
II. Historical Perspective of Urban Planning: Planning of historical towns in the world.
Examples of planned towns in Europe, Nile Valley region, Euphrates and Tigris
Valley region and Indus Valley region (Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Kot Diji and Mehr
Garh) and Gandhara Civilization.
III. Urban Rural Differences and Hierarchy of Settlements: Urbanization and its effects
on the environment of urban areas.
IV. History of planning in Pakistan: 5 year plans.
V. Managing Urbanization
 How to manage urbanization
 Best Practices
 Land use classification policy
 Building and development control
 Removal of encroachments
 Introduction to Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
VI. Housing community and Economic Development: To prepare professionals with
the skills and knowledge of equitable development. Commitment to expanding
opportunities and providing quality life for disadvantaged groups.
VII. Public Policy and Urban Design Management: Solving social and environmental
problems using:
a. Economics
b. Policy analysis
c. Political science
d. Urban Design
VIII. Sustainability, Environmental Policy and Planning: How society conserves and
manages its natural resources and works to promote development.
IX. Urban Information Systems: Use of planning related software and spatial analysis
tools and systems i.e GIS.