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    HTTPS: - WWW - Electrical4u.com - Analog-To-Digital-Converter

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    HTTPS: - WWW - Electrical4u.com - Analog-To-Digital-Converter

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    54 views9 pages
    Analog to digital converter circuit description

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    Analog to digital converter circuit description

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    54 views9 pages

    HTTPS: - WWW - Electrical4u.com - Analog-To-Digital-Converter

    Uploaded by

    Kerby Gagarin
    Analog to digital converter circuit description

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Analog to Digital 31/07/2018,

    Converter 2738 PM

    HOME BASICS POWER SYSTEM MACHINES

    ELECTRONICSMCQ VIDEOS GUEST POST


    Analog to
    Digital
    Converter Ne…
    Published on CR…
    24/2/2012 & Updated
    Ha…
    on Saturday 31st of
    March 2018 at Re…
    06:48:05 PM Mei…
    From the name itself
    Typ…
    it is clear that it is a
    converter which
    converts the analog Arti…
    (continuously
    Ana…
    variable) signal to
    digital signal. This is Digi…
    really an electronic Bin…
    integrated circuit
    Bin…
    which directly
    Sev…
    converts the
    continuous form of Mul…
    signal to discrete De…
    form. It can be
    Digi…
    expressed as A/D or
    A-to-D or A-D or 555…
    ADC. The input Mor…
    (analog) to this
    Nu…
    system can have any
    value in a range and Digi…

    are directly Arit…


    measured. But for
    Log…
    output (digital) of an
    Log…
    N-bit A/D converter, it
    should have only 2N Squ…

    https://www.electrical4u.com/analog-to-digit
    1
    Analog to Digital 31/07/2018,
    Converter 2738 PM

    discrete values. This Shif…


    A/D converter is a
    Log…
    linkage between the
    analog (linear) world Digi…

    of transducers and Digi…


    discreet world of Digi…
    processing the signal
    Me…
    and handling the
    data. The digital to Adder
    analog converter Bin…
    (DAC) carry out the
    Arti…
    inverse function of the
    ADC. The schematic MCQ

    representation of Vid…
    ADC is shown below.
    Bas…

    Circ…

    Ele…

    Mat…

    Batt…
    ADC Process
    There are mainly two Illu…
    steps involves in the Ge…
    process of
    Tra…
    conversion. They are
    Sampling and Dist…

    Holding Swi…

    Pro…
    Quantizing and
    Me…
    Encoding
    Bio…
    The whole ADC Co…
    conversion process is
    Utili…
    shown in figure 2.
    Saf…

    Tra…

    https://www.electrical4u.com/analog-to-digit
    2
    Analog to Digital 31/07/2018,
    Converter 2738 PM

    Motor

    Ge…

    Ele…

    Related pages Ele…

    Analog to Digital … Po…

    Digital to Analog … Digi…

    Binary to BCD Cod… Gu…

    Binary to Gray Co…

    Seven Segment Di…

    Multiplexer

    Demultiplexer

    Digital Comparator

    555 Timer and 55…

    Sampling and
    Holding
    In the process of
    Sample and hold
    (S/H), the continuous
    signal will gets
    sampled and freeze
    (hold) the value at a
    steady level for a
    particular least period
    of time. It is done to
    remove variations in
    input signal which can
    alter the conversion
    process and thereby
    increases the
    accuracy. The
    minimum sampling
    rate has to be two

    https://www.electrical4u.com/analog-to-digit
    3
    Analog to Digital 31/07/2018,
    Converter 2738 PM

    times the maximum


    data frequency of the
    input signal.
    Quantizing and
    Encoding
    For understanding
    quantizing, we can
    first go through the
    term Resolution used
    in ADC. It is the
    smallest variation in
    analog signal that will
    result in a variation in
    the digital output. This
    actually represents
    the quantization error.

    V Reference
    voltage range
    2N Number of
    states
    N Number of bits in
    digital output
    Quantizing: It is the
    process in which the
    reference signal is
    partitioned into
    several discrete
    quanta and then the
    input signal is
    matched with the
    correct quantum.
    Encoding: Here; for

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    4
    Analog to Digital 31/07/2018,
    Converter 2738 PM

    each quantum, a
    unique digital code
    will be assigned and
    after that the input
    signal is allocated
    with this digital code.
    The process of
    quantizing and
    encoding is
    demonstrated in the
    table below.

    From the above table


    we can observe that
    only one digital value
    is used to represent
    the whole range of
    voltage in an interval.
    Thus, an error will
    occur and it is called
    quantization error.
    This is the noise
    introduced by the
    process of
    quantization. Here the

    https://www.electrical4u.com/analog-to-digit
    5
    Analog to Digital 31/07/2018,
    Converter 2738 PM

    maximum
    quantization error is

    Improvement of
    Accuracy in ADC
    Two important
    methods are used for
    improving the
    accuracy in ADC.
    They are by
    increasing the
    resolution and by
    increasing the
    sampling rate. This is
    shown in figure below
    (figure 3).

    Types of Analog
    to Digital
    Converter
    Successive
    Approximation
    ADC: This
    converter
    compares the
    input signal with
    the output of an
    internal DAC at

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    6
    Analog to Digital 31/07/2018,
    Converter 2738 PM

    each successive
    step. It is the most
    expensive type.

    Dual Slope ADC:


    It have high
    accuracy but very
    slow in operation.

    Pipeline ADC: It is
    same as that of
    two step Flash
    ADC.

    Delta-Sigma
    ADC: It has high
    resolution but slow
    due to over
    sampling.

    Flash ADC: It is
    the fastest ADC
    but very
    expensive.

    Other: Staircase
    ramp, Voltage-to-
    Frequency,
    Switched
    capacitor, tracking,
    Charge balancing,
    and resolver.

    Application of
    ADC
    Used together with

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    7
    Analog to Digital 31/07/2018,
    Converter 2738 PM

    the transducer.

    Used in computer
    to convert the
    analog signal to
    digital signal.

    Used in cell
    phones.

    Used in
    microcontrollers.

    Used in digital
    signal processing.

    Used in digital
    storage
    oscilloscopes.

    Used in scientific
    instruments.

    Used in music
    reproduction
    technology etc.

    Rate the page.


    Rating = 5 & Total
    votes = 1

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    8
    Analog to Digital 31/07/2018,
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    9

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