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    Japan - From 1853-1941

    Uploaded by

    Kabeer Khan Qazi
    The document summarizes major events in Japan from 1853 to 1941. It describes Japan's opening to the West under US pressure, the Meiji Restoration which overthrew the shogunate and established an imperial government, Japan's wars with China and Russia in which it gained territory, its formal annexation of Korea in 1910, its alliance with Britain and growing militarism, and its expansion into Manchuria and China in the 1930s which led to war with the US after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Japan - From 1853-1941

    Uploaded by

    Kabeer Khan Qazi
    94 views12 pages
    The document summarizes major events in Japan from 1853 to 1941. It describes Japan's opening to the West under US pressure, the Meiji Restoration which overthrew the shogunate and established an imperial government, Japan's wars with China and Russia in which it gained territory, its formal annexation of Korea in 1910, its alliance with Britain and growing militarism, and its expansion into Manchuria and China in the 1930s which led to war with the US after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.

    Original Description:

    Timeline of Imperial Japan from 1853-1941.

    Original Title

    Japan_ From 1853-1941

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    The document summarizes major events in Japan from 1853 to 1941. It describes Japan's opening to the West under US pressure, the Meiji Restoration which overthrew the shogunate and established an imperial government, Japan's wars with China and Russia in which it gained territory, its formal annexation of Korea in 1910, its alliance with Britain and growing militarism, and its expansion into Manchuria and China in the 1930s which led to war with the US after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    94 views12 pages

    Japan - From 1853-1941

    Uploaded by

    Kabeer Khan Qazi
    The document summarizes major events in Japan from 1853 to 1941. It describes Japan's opening to the West under US pressure, the Meiji Restoration which overthrew the shogunate and established an imperial government, Japan's wars with China and Russia in which it gained territory, its formal annexation of Korea in 1910, its alliance with Britain and growing militarism, and its expansion into Manchuria and China in the 1930s which led to war with the US after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    At a glance
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    The document outlines Japan's modernization process from the 1850s-1941, starting with the end of isolationist policies and adoption of westernization under the Meiji Restoration.

    Japan's isolation ended in 1853 when Commodore Perry arrived with American warships and forced Japan to open trade with the US through the Treaty of Kanagawa. This began Japan's process of modernization.

    During the Meiji Restoration of the 1860s-1870s, Japan overthrew the Tokugawa Shogunate and restored imperial rule. Major political, economic, and social reforms modeled after Western nations were implemented to modernize Japan.

    Japan: From

    1853-1941

    Made By: Kabeer Qazi


    1850’s
    ● 8th July, 1853: Commodore Matthew Perry arrives in Edo Bay, Japan with a
    couple of steam-powered “Black Ships” on a mission to start diplomatic and trade
    relations with Japan.
    ● 11th February, 1854: Commodore Perry comes back with 12 warships for an
    answer to the US President’s offer of trade
    ● 31st March, 1854: Chief Shogun Iyesada signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with
    Commodore Perry.
    ● 1855: Japan acquired some of the Kurile Islands (Kuril Islands), a chain of 56
    islands that extended 744 miles from Hokkaido to Russia's Kamchatka peninsula.
    ● 29th July, 1858: The shogunate signs Harris Treaty between U.S. and Japan
    opening up eight Japanese ports to American merchants and giving the U.S. “most
    favored nation” trade status.
    1860’s

    ● 25th April, 1860: The first japanese ambassador, Niimi Buzennokami arrives in
    USA.
    ● 8th Jan, 1867: Japan’s Emperor Osahito died. The Tokugawa Shogunnate was
    overthrown as a result and Ryoma Sakamoto, a samurai, was the main rebel.
    ● 15th November, 1868: Ryoma Sakamoto, the rebel who helped topple Japan’s
    feudal government system, was assassinated.
    ● 3rd January, 1868: Emperor Mutsohito ascends the throne and the Meiji
    Restoration starts.
    ● 4th July, 1868: Battle of Uneo results in the last Tokugawa armies defeated.
    1870’s

    ● 1871: Iwakura Mission departs for the West. Aim is to observe and learn
    about western models and methods of civil governance.
    ● 27th July, 1871: The Yen became Japan’s new currency.
    ● 1875: Russia recognized Japan's control over the 4 southernmost Kurile
    Islands.
    ● 1877: The rebellion in Satsuma was put down.
    ● 25th March, 1879: Japan invaded the kingdom of Liuqiu (Ryukyu) Islands,
    previously a part of china. The islands were named Okinawa which became
    Japan’s first colony.
    1880’s
    ● 4th January, 1882: The Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors is
    published. It was a document which instructed soldiers and sailors to show
    undoubtable loyalty to the Emperor and refrain from criticising his
    decisions.
    ● 1884: Japan discovered the Senkaku Islands which they later annexed in
    1895.
    ● 22nd December 1885: Ito Hirobumi began serving as the first Prime
    Minister of Japan. He became the Prime Minister 3 more times in his
    lifetime.
    ● 11th February, 1889: The first real constitution is promulgated and Japan
    becomes a constitutional monarchy.
    1890’s

    ● 30th October, 1890: Emperor Meiji issued the Imperial Rescript on Education to
    illustrate the moral principles that each citizen was to follow.
    ● 29th November, 1890: The Imperial Diet is convened.
    ● 23rd July, 1894: Japanese troops took over the Korean Imperial Palace in Seoul.
    ● 1st August, 1894: The First Sino-Japanese War started over the dispute of
    control over Korea.
    ● 15th September, 1894: China was defeated in the Battle of Ping Yang.
    ● 17th April, 1895: Treaty of Shimonoseki is signed and Japan takes over Taiwan
    and the Liaodong Peninsula from China.
    ● 23rd April, 1895: The Triple Intervention- Russia, France and Germany force
    Japan to return the Liaodong Peninsula.
    ● 6th September, 1899: The Open Door Policy is announced by US which proposes
    that China be opened for trade with all countries on an equal basis.
    1900’s

    ● 30th January, 1902: Japan and England enter into an alliance.


    ● 4th February, 1904: Russia offered Korea to Japan in return for leaving
    Manchuria alone.
    ● 8th February, 1904: Japan surprised Russia by attacking on Port Arthur.
    ● 10th February, 1904: Japan and Russia declared war on each other.
    ● 5th December, 1904: Japanese destroyed Russian fleet at Port Arthur in Korea.
    ● 2nd January, 1905: After a six-month siege, Russians surrendered Port Arthur to
    the Japanese.
    ● 27th May, 1905: The Japanese destroy the Russian East Sea Baltic Fleet.
    ● 5th September, 1905: The Treaty of Portsmouth is signed and Korea became
    Japan’s protectorate.
    ● 22nd August, 1910: Japan annexed Korea following 5 years as a protectorate.
    1910’s
    ● 30th July, 1912: Emperor Meiji dies and the Meiji Era ends. The Taisho Era begins as
    Yutsohito ascends the throne.
    ● 23rd August, 1914: The Emperor of Japan sided with the Allies and declared war on
    Germany in World War I.
    ● 8th January, 1915: Japan presents the Twenty-One Demands to China which are
    severely criticised by the USA and UK.
    ● 2nd November, 1917: The Lansing-Ishii Agreement is signed between Japan and US
    in which the US recognizes Japan’s special privileges in China.
    ● August 1918: The Siberian Intervention- Japan sends 70,000 soldiers to Siberia to
    halt progress of the Red Army in the Russian Civil War.
    ● 18th January, 1919: Japan claims Shandong Province in China.
    ● 14th February, 1919: Japan fails to get a racial equality clause inserted into the
    League of Nations Charter.
    1920’s
    ● 4th November, 1921: Takashi Hara, the Prime Minister, is assassinated.
    ● 12th November, 1921: - The Washington Naval Conference takes place in which major
    powers agreed on the Four-Power Treaty, Five-Power Naval Treaty, and Nine-Power
    Treaty.
    ● 25th November, 1921: Prince Hirohito becomes Regent.
    ● 1st September, 1923: The Japanese cities of Tokyo and Yokohama were devastated by
    the Great Kanto earthquake that claimed 99,000-143,000 lives
    ● 26th May, 1924: Johnson-Reed Immigration Act signed barring all Japanese entrance to
    the United States.
    ● 5th May, 1925: Universal male suffrage instituted. The electorate increased fivefold
    ● 25th December, 1926: Hirohito became emperor of Japan, succeeding his father,
    Emperor Yoshihito. His rule was called the Showa Period.
    ● 24th October, 1929: The Wall Street in New York crashes and as a result, majority
    of the world goes through The Great Depression.
    1930-1941

    ● 22nd April, 1930: The US, UK and Japan signed the London Naval Treaty, which
    regulated submarine warfare and limited shipbuilding.
    ● 18th September, 1931: The Mukden Incident was initiated by the Japanese
    Kwantung Army in Mukden.
    ● 19th September, 1931: Japanese Army invaded Manchuria without its own
    government’s consent and established a puppet state called Manchukuo.
    ● 24th February, 1933: The League of Nations told the Japanese to pull out of
    Manchuria.
    ● 27th March, 1933: Japan left the League of Nations.
    ● 25th November, 1936: - Japan signs the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany.
    Germany recognized Manchukuo diplomatically as a result.
    1930-1941
    ● 7th July, 1937: The Marco Polo Bridge Incident leads to the Japanese Invasion of China
    ● and the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War.
    ● 6th November, 1937: Italy joins the Anti-Comintern Pact.
    ● 13th December, 1937: Japan attacks Nanking and “Rape of Nanking” takes place.
    ● 24th February, 1939: Hungary signed an anti-Communist pact with Italy, Germany and
    Japan.
    ● 26th September, 1940: Japanese troops attacked French Indochina.
    ● August, 1940: US Army crypto-analysts break Japan’s top secret Purple Code which
    was used for diplomatic communications.
    ● 27th September, 1940: Nazi-Germany, Italy & Japan signed a formal alliance called
    Tripartite Pact.
    ● 26th November, 1941: Pearl Harbour task force sets sail.
    ● 7th December, 1941: Pearl Harbour is attacked.
    ● 8th December, 1941: Britain and US declare war on Japan.
    Bibliography

    ● https://www.timelines.ws/countries/JAPAN_A.HTML
    ● https://www.facinghistory.org/nanjing-atrocities-crimes-war/timeline-e
    vents-japan

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