2019 Kids Count Data Book

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2019

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in MICHIGAN
DATA BOOK
What It’s Like
to Be a Kid in
Michigan
2019 Kids Count in Michigan
Advisory Committee
CHAIR: Michele Corey, Vice President for Programs, Michigan’s Children
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Dr. Jan Amsterburg, Ph.D., Superintendent, Gratiot-Isabella Intermediate School District
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Casey Anbender, J.D., Senior Management Analyst, Child Welfare Services, Michigan Supreme Court
Stacie Bladen, L.M.S.W., Deputy Director, Children’s Services Administration, Michigan Department of Health and
Human Services
Hillary Brandon, M.P.H., Michigan Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenting Program (MI-APPP) Coordinator, Michigan
Department of Health and Human Services
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Jared Burkhart, Executive Director, Michigan Chapter American Academy of Pediatrics
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Kyle Caldwell, President and CEO, Council of Michigan Foundations
Annette Chapman, Vice President, Grantmaking and Scholarships, Battle Creek Community Foundation
David Coulter, Director of External Affairs, Children’s Hospital of Michigan Foundation
Taryn Gal, Executive Director, Michigan Organization on Adolescent Sexual Health
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Eric A. Guthrie, Ph.D., Michigan’s State Demographer, Bureau of Labor Market Information and Strategic Initiatives,
Michigan Department of Technology, Management and Budget
Paula Herbart, President, Michigan Education Association
Wendy Lewis Jackson, Managing Director, Detroit Program, The Kresge Foundation
Gilda Z. Jacobs, President and CEO, Michigan League for Public Policy
Ja’Nel Jamerson, M.A., Executive Director, Flint & Genesee Literacy Network
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Jerry D. Johnson, Assistant Superintendent, Calhoun Intermediate School District
Amy E. Krug, Managing Director, Ele’s Place Flint
Mike Larson, President and CEO, Michigan Association of United Ways
Jodi Latuszek, Juvenile Management Analyst, Trial Court Services, State Court Administrative Office
Ruben Martinez, Ph.D., Director, Julian Samora Research Institute, Michigan State University
Lisa McCormick, Director, Office of the Children’s Ombudsman
David R. McGhee, Associate Vice President of Organizational Excellence & Impact, The Skillman Foundation
Summer Minnick, Deputy Executive Director and CMO, Michigan Municipal League
Kendra Moyses, Acting Co-Director, Children and Youth Institute, Senior Extension Educator, Michigan State University
Extension
Erica Raleigh, Director, Data Driven Detroit
Alex Rossman, Communications Director, Michigan League for Public Policy
Jason Smith, L.M.S.W., Director of Youth Justice Policy, Michigan Council on Crime and Delinquency
Ann Michele Stacks, Ph.D., Director, Infant Mental Health Program, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State
University
Michele Strasz, Executive Director, Capital Area College Access Network
Stacey Tadgerson, M.P.A., Director, Native American Affairs, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services
Cassie Jo Thierfelder, Esq., Policy & Advocacy Specialist, United Way for Southeastern Michigan
Maxine Thome, Executive Director, National Association of Social Workers/Michigan Chapter
Holly Wingard, Director of Training and Technical Assistance, Early Childhood Investment Corporation
Amy Zaagman, Executive Director, Michigan Council for Maternal and Child Health
Ex-Officio:
Alicia Guevara Warren, M.P.Aff., Kids Count Project Director, Michigan League for Public Policy
Acknowledgements
The 2019 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book was written and developed by
We wanted to make this book Alicia Guevara Warren of the Michigan League for Public Policy with the
as bright and vibrant as Michi- assistance of League and project staff. Many thanks to Parker James, who
collected and compiled the data. Thank you to Tillie Kucharek and Laura
gan’s kids, so we asked children Ross, who helped design the book and graphics. Also appreciated are staff
from around the state to submit members Alex Rossman and Laura Ross for reviewing and editing the data
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artwork to show us “what it’s like book and other League staff for fact-checking.
to be a kid in Michigan.” Their Thank you to the members of the Kids Count in Michigan Advisory
responses are featured in this Committee, who have given their time and expertise to help shape the data
book and other project activities throughout the year. We are grateful for
year’s book. your thoughtful review of the data book.
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We are also so grateful for all of the kids who submitted their artwork for
this year’s book! It is a beautiful display of artistic talent from across the
Kids Count in Michigan is part of state and across age ranges. Thank you to the parents, teachers and other
a broad national effort to meas- caring adults for helping with the submission process.
ure the well-being of children at Generous Supporters of the 2019 Kids Count in
the state and local levels and
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Michigan Data Book
use that information to shape Annie E. Casey Foundation
efforts to improve the lives of The Max M. and Marjorie S. Fisher Foundation
The Skillman Foundation
children. Steelcase Foundation
Michigan Education Association
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The project is housed at the American Federation of Teachers Michigan
Michigan League for Public Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation
United Way for Southeastern Michigan
Policy, a research and advocacy DTE Energy Foundation
organization whose mission is Ford Motor Company Fund
Ruth Mott Foundation
to advance economic security,
Battle Creek Community Foundation
racial equity, health and well-
being for all people in every The findings and conclusions presented herein do not necessarily reflect
the opinions of our funders.
part of Michigan through policy
change. Data Provided by
Center for Educational Performance and Information
Early Childhood Investment Corporation
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services
Michigan Department of Education
Office of the State Demographer
Copyright: Michigan League for Public Policy 2019
Any part of this book may be duplicated and distributed for nonprofit educa-
tional purposes provided the source is credited.
www.mlpp.org Suggested citation: Guevara Warren, Alicia S. 2019 Kids Count in Michigan
Data Book: What It’s Like to Be a Kid in Michigan. Lansing, Michigan: Michi-
gan League for Public Policy.
Table of Contents
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1
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Introduction
2 About the Kids Count

Indicators
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3
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Using the Data Book
4 Data Into Action
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7
Trends in Child Well-Being
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Background Information
8 Overall Child Well-Being

County Rankings
9 Child Population
10 Economic Security
16 Health & Safety
22 Family & Community
Brook Robinson, Age 18

28 Education
34 Data Definitions
and Notes
Introduction
BARGOMichigan is at a crossroads.
The data is clear and cannot be denied: We know the barriers children face to reaching their
full potential. Some children face roadblocks along their pathway to success due to their
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family’s income, where they live or because of inequitable access to opportunities based on
race and ethnicity. Immigrant families have also experienced incredible trauma because of
federal policy decisions. Policymakers, community leaders and residents have the opportu-
nity to take action now to support all kids and families.
Our children are in need of leadership and courage from those with the ability to make
change and strategic investments. For example, while educational outcomes continue to lag,
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study after study has determined that Michigan has underfunded public schools. Research
has shown that funding has also not been equitably distributed to reach the students who
need the most support.1 If Michigan is going to reach its goal of becoming a “Top 10 in 10
Years” in education, then state leaders should prioritize our kids from cradle to career. The
data shows that Michigan’s children are struggling in other areas as well—not just in educa-
tion—pointing to the need for comprehensive solutions that look at the whole child and the
families and communities that they are a part of.
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As we near the 2020 Census, there is also a responsibility to
ensure that all people are counted. Young children and those liv-
ing in high-poverty communities are more likely to be missed.2
We can either take
In Michigan, about 11% of young children live in hard-to-count the necessary steps
areas. It’s even higher in Detroit: 70% of young children are to ensure adequate
at high risk of being missed. Already undercounted are immi-
grants and those whose primary language may not be English, investments in our kids
and with the proposed inclusion of a citizenship question on are made, or we can
the census survey, the undercount will likely be even worse.3
What’s at stake if all children aren’t counted? Over $4 billion in
continue to languish
federal funding that is based on an accurate count of children while other states move
to determine the need for programs and services, including ahead.
child care, Medicaid and school lunch. Every child must be
counted.
As in previous editions, the 2019 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book lays out the data to help
illustrate the state of Michigan’s children. The report is a tool to be used to make informed
policy decisions. The strategies may vary for kids depending on their needs—which are
identified through the data. However, one thing is clear: Everyone wants every child in our
state to thrive. We can either take the necessary steps to ensure adequate investments in
our kids are made, or we can continue to languish while other states move ahead.
2019 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 1

About the Kids Count Indicators
Economic Security
Children in Poverty (Ages 0-17) Young Children Eligible for Students Eligible for Free/Reduced-
-U.S. Census Bureau, SAIPE- SNAP (Ages 0-5) Price Lunches
Children growing up in poverty ($24,858 -MI Dept. of Health & Human Services- -Center for Education Performance Information-
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for a family of four in 2017) are much The Michigan Food Assistance K-12 students from families with incomes below 130%
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more likely than their peers to experi- Program (FAP), known as SNAP of the federal poverty level are eligible for a fully
ence stress and deprivation that hinders nationally, provides financial assis- subsidized lunch. Those from families with incomes
health, development and readiness tance to families with low incomes to between 130% and 185% of poverty are eligible for
for school, and other developmental buy groceries, striving to reduce food reduced-price lunch. This is commonly used as a
outcomes. insecurity. proxy for poverty.
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Health & Safety
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Less Than Adequate Prenatal Care Low-Birthweight Infant Mortality Child/Teen Deaths
-MI Dept. of Health & Human Services- Babies -MI Dept. of Health & Human Services- (Ages 1-19)
-MI Dept. of Health & Human
Prenatal care increases the chances of a Infants who die before their -MI Dept. of Health & Human Services-
Services-
healthy pregnancy and birth. Adequacy first birthday is a child out- Child and teen death rates
of prenatal care is based on the Kessner Infants born with low come, but also an indicator from all causes, such as
Index, which measures adequacy by the birthweight (less than 5 of population health. There accidents, illnesses, homi-
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month the care began, number of pre- lbs., 8 oz.) are at a higher are several main causes cide and suicide, can reveal
natal visits and length of the pregnancy. risk for physical and de- of infant deaths, some underlying issues and
Prenatal care is adequate when it begins velopmental delays that of which are genetic and inequities within communi-
in the first trimester and includes, on hinder growth, school others are environmental ties, such as neighborhood
average, at least one or two additional readiness and long-term factors. safety, access to healthcare
prenatal visits per month, depending on health outcomes. or exposure to environmen-
length of gestation. tal toxins.
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Family & Community
Births to Teens (Ages 15-19) Children in Families Children Confirmed as Children Placed in Out-of-
-MI Dept. of Health & Human Services- Investigated for Abuse/ Victims of Abuse/Neglect Home Care Due to Abuse/
Teen moms often struggle to Neglect -MI Dept. of Health & Human Services- Neglect
complete high school, live in -MI Dept. of Health & Human Services- Experiencing abuse or neglect -MI Dept. of Health & Human Services-
poverty, and raise a child alone, Each reported case of abuse as a child is one adverse child- Children are removed from their
making it more difficult for them or neglect is investigated and hood experience (ACE) that families and placed in a foster
to create good early learning categorized based on the hinders healthy development home, relative care, residen-
environments to ensure their evidence collected and the and outcomes into adulthood. tial care or shelter following
children are ready and prepared safety risk for recurrence of substantiated abuse or neglect.
for school. Babies born to teen abuse or neglect. This also has an adverse effect
mothers are more likely to be on health, development and
born too early and/or too small. outcomes into adulthood.
Education
3- and 4-Year-Olds Students NOT Grad- Third-Graders NOT Eighth-Graders NOT Students NOT
NOT in Preschool uating From High Proficient in English Proficient in Math College Ready
-U.S. Census Bureau, SAIPE- School on Time Language Arts -MI Dept. of Education- -MI Dept. of Education-
Children who partic- -MI Dept. of Education- -MI Dept. of Education- Proficiency in math by Students who meet the
ipate in high-quality Students who gradu- After third grade, students the end of middle school college readiness bench-
preschool programs ate with their cohort read to learn rather than prepares students marks are more likely to
are more likely to within four years are learn to read, making third- for high school math successfully complete
be socially and more likely to be grade reading proficiency an courses, increasing entry-level college require-
cognitively ready for better prepared for important benchmark of future chances of graduation ments without remediation
kindergarten. postsecondary educa- academic outcomes, such as and development of basic courses. Being college
tion or training. high school graduation and math skills for adulthood. ready at the start of college
long-term economic security. increases the likelihood of
postsecondary graduation.
2 | 2019 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book

Using the Data Book
Since 1992, the Michigan League for Public Policy has produced
the annual Kids Count in Michigan Data Book.
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The book reviews background and trend data to evaluate the well-being of children throughout communities in
Michigan while identifying policy strategies that could be implemented to improve outcomes. The base period for
the 2019 book is 2012 compared to 2017, unless otherwise noted. The report analyzes 16 key indicators across
four domains: 1) economic security; 2) health and safety; 3) family and community; and 4) education. The overall
child well-being rank is based on a county’s rank in 14 of the 16 measures; infant mortality and child and teen
deaths are excluded as many counties do not have sufficient data on these two indicators.
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The following data limitations exist, or continue to exist, in this year’s report:
Children hospitalized for asthma: In 2015, there were changes in the coding, making previous and future
years incomparable. With this change, the data is only available in a single year, which means that almost
all counties do not have data available since this data is generally reported in three-year averages.

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Virtual schools: Due to the methodology and available data, virtual schools are included in county
data according to the location of the virtual school authorizer.
Program participation in Detroit and Flint: Kids Count in Michigan has been unable to obtain Detroit
and Flint data for the Food Assistance Program and Family Independence Program despite multiple
requests. Detroit data are available through December 2016. Flint data remain unavailable at this time.
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M-STEP and college readiness: In September 2018, new disclosure avoidance rules were applied to
M-STEP and college readiness data. As a result, districts with fewer than 10 test-takers, or where the
number of students not meeting proficiency or college readiness was suppressed, were excluded
from analysis. County and city totals are estimations that may exclude some districts, and careful
consideration should be taken when comparing data across years due to changes in data disclosure.
Throughout the report, the term “low income” refers to 200% of federal poverty while “poverty” refers to 100%
of federal poverty. Additionally, please note changes to racial and ethnic terminology. Both the switch to “Latinx”
to refer to the Hispanic/Latino community and the use of African American, unhyphenated, have been made
intentionally in the interest of inclusion.
Data by race and ethnicity is collected and reported differently based on the source, and data labels in charts
and the narrative may differ to reflect this. The Children’s Services Administration at the Michigan Department
of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) has made their data available in a detailed breakdown, which is then
categorized by the League. All children with a race code that includes Hispanic are categorized as “Hispanic,”
while children with multiple race codes are categorized as “Multiracial.” Children with single race codes are
categorized accordingly. The MDHHS also includes race codes “Unable to Determine” and “No Match Found,”
which the League categorizes as “Unable to Determine.” Due to these changes, data prior to fiscal year 2016
cannot be compared. Additionally, for the first time, Vital Statistics data from the MDHHS was provided in a raw
format allowing the League to conduct more in-depth analysis by race and ethnicity; however, these data are still
comparable to previous years.
Finally, caution should be taken when reviewing rates (e.g., per 1,000 or 100,000), percentages and numbers.
Small population numbers in some areas of the state often result in data being suppressed, and small numbers
may cause percentage changes in a rate to appear more significant. Also, keep in mind that some data are based
on different time frames (e.g., school years, fiscal years, and three-year and five-year averages).

Data Into
Action Michigan has seen some positive movement in recent years in policy decisions and
Strategies investments, yet outcomes for children have been mostly stagnant, , pointing to the need
for Improving to do much more. Data should be used by policymakers to understand where efforts should be
focused in order to support all kids and families across the state. Applying a racial equity
Overall Child
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lens to proposed policies and using two-generation strategies are two approaches that
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Well-Being should be adopted to improve the overall well-being of kids, families and communities.
Economic Security
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Key Findings Recommendations
Nearly1 in 5 kids in Michigan live below the
Modernize the state’s Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) to allow
young workers and childless adults, often noncustodial parents, to
federal poverty line, which is not an adequate receive the credit. The EITC helps workers with low wages keep
measure of the share of families whose basic more of what they earn to make ends meet. Research shows that
INFORMATIO
needs are going unmet. children in families receiving the EITC benefit through improved
educational and health outcomes.
An estimated 23% of children live in working
Ensure access to affordable, high-quality child care by expanding
families with low incomes who are struggling to
income eligibility levels for subsidies and increasing provider
make ends meet, in part, because of low-wage reimbursement rates. Child care helps provide early learning
jobs, unaffordable child care and housing, and a experiences for children, allows parents to work and benefits
lack of access to affordable postsecondary training employers.
APRIL 23, 20
and education programs to help gain the skills
necessary to obtain a job that pays well. Support youth and young adults to access postsecondary training,
credentialing and education programs through flexible programming
and increased financial aid. Providing multiple paths to access
postsecondary programs, like early middle college programs, can
help students achieve necessary career skills. It is also important to
make college affordable for all students.
Health & Safety

Significant health disparities exist by race and eth- Expand home visitation programs and strengthen the system
nicity for women and children in Michigan. by creating a centralized intake process that will ensure
families are able to participate in the program that will meet
their needs best. Home visiting programs are evidence-based
African American babies are more than two and research shows that they improve outcomes in health,
times as likely to die before their first birthdays, economic security and school readiness.
there is an increasing rate of Latinx infant mor-
talities and women of color face more barriers to Restore funding for family planning and pregnancy prevention
programs to previous levels. Unintended pregnancy can lead
accessing adequate prenatal care.
to delayed prenatal care and preterm births, which impact
With a low of 3% uninsured, Michigan does

the health of moms and babies, including maternal and infant
mortality.
well in providing health coverage to chil-
dren, but more can be done. Under the Children’s Health Insurance Program
Reauthorization Act (CHIPRA), states have the ability to
provide health coverage to lawfully residing immigrant children
before the five-year wait period ends. Michigan should extend
coverage to these children to promote better health.
Family & Community
More than 1 in 5 kids in Michigan have experienced two Raise the age of juvenile jurisdiction from 17 to 18 years old
or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), stressful or and fully fund its implementation.
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traumatic events impacting long-term well-being.
Promote comprehensive strategies to prevent child abuse
Michigan is one of four states to still automatically prosecute and neglect, including investments in job training and child
17-year-old children as adults in the criminal justice system care, along with positive parenting education, such as home
regardless of the crime. This law prevents youth from visitation programs.
accessing age-appropriate treatment in the juvenile justice
system and increases trauma for young people while also Address disparities in the child welfare system through
leading to higher crime rates and more violent offenses. appropriate data collection and cultural competency training
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Additionally, the rate of child abuse and neglect has for workers.
continued to rise—by 30% from 2012 to 2017—with Ensure adequate support for programs that assist foster
disproportionate impacts on children of color. There are also youth exiting the system with education, housing and work.
recent increases in the rate of children placed in out-of- In Michigan, only 3% of youth transitioning out of foster care
home care due to abuse or neglect. receive employment assistance, and just 1% receive education
58%
support.
Approximately of young people exit foster care
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because they are emancipated or age out of the system
without any permanence, meaning without a recognized
adult parenting relationship in place.
Education
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M-STEP, the state’s standardized assessment on English Provide sufficient funding for early interventions to improve third-
Language Arts, math, science and social studies, has been grade reading using a birth-to-8 framework, including maternal
and child health programs, Early On, and affordable, high-
in place for four years.
quality child care and education.
56% of third-graders test below proficiency in reading. Ensure that all children from families with low and moderate
incomes can receive a high-quality preschool education.
Over 67% of eighth-graders are not proficient in math.
Address the state’s Read by Grade Three law, which will allow
for the retention of students reading below grade level in the
Plus, more than half of Michigan’s 3- and 4-year-olds upcoming school year by ensuring adequate funding and
are not enrolled in preschool, which is critical to support for parents, schools and communities.
building a strong foundation for learning. Students from
families with lower incomes face additional barriers to Adequately fund public schools, targeting resources in high-
need areas and fully funding the At-Risk program.
reaching their potential.
Data Collection
Data collection by race and ethnicity is inconsistent with To make informed policy decisions and increase
federal standards in several state systems, especially in transparency, robust data must be collected and publicly
the justice system. Juvenile justice data collection statewide disseminated, including data by race and ethnicity.
is also inadequate and requires investment to create a
streamlined system that is supported at the state and local
levels.
MICHIGAN
2019 TRENDS IN CHILD WELL-BEING
(All Data Are for 2017 Unless Otherwise Noted)
2012 2016 % change Child population by race 2012 2016 % change

P
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O Total population 9,883,360 9,933,445 0.5% Hispanic 0-17 173,982 180,051 3.5%
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P Non-Hispanic 0-17
U Child population 0-17 2,266,870 2,189,505 -3.4%
• White 1,591,656 1,518,967 -4.6%
L • Ages 0-5 697,840 688,553 -1.3%
A • Ages 6-12 889,637 849,758 -4.5% • African American/Black 408,553 393,828 -3.6%
T • American Indian 18,919 17,823 -5.8%
I • Ages 13-17 679,393 651,194 -4.2%
O • Other 73,760 78,836 6.9%
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BASE YEAR CURRENT YEAR
NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE RATE CHANGE
ECONOMIC SECURITY 2012 2017

Children in poverty, ages 0-17 549,131 24.7% 416,305 19.6% -20.6%
INFORMATIO
Young children, ages 0-5, in the
Food Assistance Program1 259,168 36.7% 179,467 26.1% -28.9%
Students receiving free/reduced- 2011-12 (SY) 2017-18 (SY)
price school lunches2 747,630 48.1% 742,922 50.3% 4.7%
HEALTH & SAFETY 2010-12 (avg.) 2014-16 (avg.)

Less than adequate prenatal care 33,431 29.4% 36,926 32.5% 10.6%
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Low-birthweight babies 9,599 8.4% 9,637 8.5% 0.6%
Infant mortality (per 1,000) 783 6.9 763 6.7 -2.4%
Child/Teen deaths, ages 1-19 (per 100,000)
684 27.5 630 26.7 -3.2%
FAMILY & COMMUNITY (per 1,000) 2010-12 (avg.) 2014-16 (avg.)

Births to teens, ages 15-19 9,793 28.1 6,371 19.4 -30.9%
Child abuse/neglect 2012 2017
Children in investigated families 206,896 90.1 249,110 113.8 26.2%
Confirmed victims 33,565 14.6 41,462 18.9 29.5%
Children in out-of-home care 10,316 4.5 11,209 5.1 13.9%
EDUCATION 2008-12 (avg.) 2013-17 (avg.)

3- and 4-year-olds not in preschool 126,290 51.5% 123,617 52.9% 2.7%
2012 2017
Students not graduating on time 30,808 23.8% 24,035 19.8% -16.6%
2016 2018
Students not college ready 67,878 65.1% 68,757 65.4% 0.5%
Not proficient (M-STEP) 2014-15 (SY) 2017-18 (SY)
Third-graders (English Language Arts) 53,535 49.9% 56,872 55.6% 11.4%
Eighth-graders (Math) 75,854 67.8% 74,265 67.3% -0.7%
1
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
Family income is below 185% poverty level.
2
SY - School Year. | M-STEP - Michigan Student Test of Educational Progress was first administered in 2015.

MICHIGAN
2019 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
FAMILY SUPPORT PROGRAMS N

UMBER RATE ECONOMIC CLIMATE
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Children receiving... Unemployment 4.6%
• Subsidized child care, ages 0-121 33,648 2.2% Median household income $54,840
• FIP cash assistance1,2 35,448 1.5% Average cost of full-time child
• Food Assistance Program 1,3
509,470 21.9% care/month (2018) $563
• Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) 270,784 47.3% • Percent of full-time
minimum wage (2018) 35.2%
Children with support owed 511,639 20.8%
Percent of young children
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• Receiving none (% of those owed) 92,125 18.0% ages 0-5 in Michigan
• Receiving less than 70% of amount 263,182 51.4% families (2013-17 avg.)
• Average amount received (month) $216 — where all parents work 66.2%
FAMILY AND COMMUNITY NUMBER RATE

Births to moms without high school diploma or GED (2014-16 avg.) 13,539 11.9%
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High-poverty neighborhoods, ages 0-17 (2013-17 avg.) 323,870 15.0%
Household structure, ages 0-17 (2013-17 avg.)
• Two-parent family 1,425,045 66.2%
• One-parent family 727,831 33.8%
Poverty by household structure, ages 0-17 (2013-17 avg.)
• Two-parent family 139,881 9.8%
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• One-parent family 319,116 43.8%
English not spoken at home, ages 5-17 (2013-17 avg.) 170,164 10.4%

ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE NUMBER RATE
Children with health insurance (2016) 2,195,206 96.9%
Children, ages 0-18, insured by...
• Medicaid1 1,003,645 43.1%
• MIChild 44,170 1.9%
Fully immunized toddlers, ages 19-35 months
(for the series 4:3:1:3:3:1:4)1 125,853 75.0%
Lead poisoning in children, ages 1-2
• Tested 93,174 40.4%
• Poisoned (% of tested) (EBL confirmed by venous) 1,519 1.6%
Children, ages 1-14, hospitalized for asthma (rate per 10,000) (2016) 1,979 9.3
Children with special needs
• Students in Special Education1 207,315 14.0%
• Children receiving Supplemental Security Income (rate per 1,000)1 41,149 17.7
• Children, ages 0-2, receiving Early On services (ISD totals) 10,527 3.1%
As of December 2017.
1
Family Independence Program.

2
State name for the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, formerly called “food stamps.” Note: Percentages reflect percent of population unless otherwise noted.
3
See Data Definitions and Notes for details.

Overall Child
Well-Being
Ranked
Overall Trend Ranking
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EM
Infant Mortality and Child Deaths excluded, Keweenaw excluded
Houghton
Kew
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» » NOT
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INFORMATIO
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1-20 Counties Ranked Arenac

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1 82 Huron
21-40
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Gratiot
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61-82 Genesee Lapeer St. Clair

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due to insufficient data. Eaton Ingham Livingston Oakland

Ma
Allegan Barry
Van Buren Jackson Washtenaw Wayne

Kalamazoo Calhoun
Berrien Cass St. Joseph Branch Hillsdale Lenawee Monroe
1. 1.
Livingston
Livingston 111.1. Midland
Midland 221.
1. Marquette
Marquette 31.Sanilac
31. Sanilac 41. 4Kalamazoo
1. Kalamazoo51. 51. Buren
Van Van Buren 61. 61. Crawford72. Oceana
Crawford 72. Oceana
2. 2.
Clinton
Clinton 12.
12. Lapeer
Lapeer 22. Benzie
22. Benzie 32.Chippewa
32. Chippewa 42. 42. Gratiot 52.
Gratiot 52. Alpena 61.
Alpena Iron61. Iron 73. Calhoun
73. Calhoun
3. 2. Washtenaw
Washtenaw 13. Monroe
13. Monroe 23.
23. Antrim
Antrim 33.
33.Menominee
Menominee 43. 43.
Branch
Branch 53. 53. Saginaw 63.
Saginaw Roscommon 73. Clare73. Clare
63. Roscommon
4. 4. Ottawa
Ottawa 14. Barry
14. Barry 24.
24. Ionia
Ionia 34.
34.Missaukee
Missaukee 44. 44.
Presque Isle Isle
Presque 54. 54. Montcalm 64.
Montcalm Jackson
64. Jackson 75. Oscoda
75. Oscoda
5.
5. 6. Oakland
Oakland
Leelanau
14.
14.
16.
Eaton
Eaton
Macomb
25. Lenawee
25. Huron
26.
Lenawee 35. St. Clair
35.Delta
36.
St. Clair 45. 45.
Cass
46. 46.
Cass
Ingham
55.
56.
St. St. Joseph 65.
55.Joseph
Osceola 66.
Genesee
65. Genesee76. Iosco76. Iosco
Wayne 77. Schoolcraft
6. 7.
Leelanau 16. Macomb 26. Otsego
Huron 36. Delta Ingham 56. Osceola 67. 66. Wayne 78. Manistee
Gladwin 77. Schoolcraft
Emmet 17. Allegan 26. 37. Baraga 47. Ontonagon 57. Cheboygan 67. Gladwin 79. Muskegon
78. Manistee
7. 8.
Emmet
Houghton 17.
18. Allegan
Dickinson 26. Alger
28. Otsego 37.Mason
38. Baraga 48. 47. Ontonagon58.
Tuscola 57. Cheboygan68.
Berrien Gogebic
8. 9.
Houghton
Grand Traverse 18.
18. Dickinson
Kent 28. Mackinac
29. Alger 38.Arenac
39. Mason 49. 48. Tuscola 59.
Newaygo 58. Berrien 68.
Ogemaw 68.
Wexford Gogebic 80. Luce79. Muskegon
9.10.
Grand Traverse
Charlevoix 19. Kent
20. Isabella 29. Mackinac
30. Shiawassee 39. Arenac
40. Mecosta 50. BayNewaygo 60.
49. 59. Ogemaw 70.
Hillsdale 68. Wexford81. Alcona
Montmorency 80. Luce
10. Charlevoix 20. Isabella 30. Shiawassee 40. Mecosta 50. Bay 60. Hillsdale 71. 70. Montmorency
Kalkaska 82. Lake81. Alcona
71. Kalkaska 82. Lake

Child Population
MBARGO
BARGO
Michigan’s child population continues to decline, with decreases higher than
18% in some counties.
aw
een
Kew The state’s child population is mostly
Houghton balanced across age groups.
ELEASE
LEASE ANY
ANY
Ontonagon Baraga
Luce
15-19 0-4
Gogebic Marquette
Chippewa Years Years
Alger
Iron Schoolcraft
Mackinac
27% 23%
Dickinson Delta
e
ne
mi
Emmet
n
no
ga
Me
oy
ION
ON UNTIL
UNTIL
Presque
eb
Ch
Charlevo Isle
ix
5-9
y
nc
10-14
ore

Years
ntm
u
na
Years
Mo
ela
Change in Child Population 24%

Le
by County, 2012-2016 Benzie

Grand Kalkaska Crawford Oscoda Alcona 26%
Traverse
n
Increase
e
mo
Iosco
ke
Wexford Ogemaw
au
om
Manistee
ss
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016; Ages 0-19

sc
Mi
Ro
Arenac
No Change (0% to +/-1%) Mason Lake Osceola Clare Gladwin
Huron
2019
019
-1% to -5% Oceana Newaygo Mecosta Isabella Midland Bay
Tuscola Sanilac
-5% to -9% Muskegon
Montcalm
Gratiot
Saginaw
Genesee Lapeer St. Clair

-10% and above
ee
Ionia Clinton
ass
Ottawa Kent
iaw
Sh
mb
Michigan Rate: -3.4%

co
Eaton Ingham Livingston Oakland

Ma
Allegan Barry
Median Rate: -4.8%
Kalamazoo Calhoun
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, State and County

Population Estimates; Ages 0-17 Berrien Cass St. Joseph Branch Hillsdale Lenawee
Monroe 60,000—or 3%
of all children in Michigan were born
outside of the United States.
With a declining child population, still about 1 in 3 are

kids of color. 286,000—or 13%
of Michigan kids live in an immigrant
0.8%
8.2% family, where they or at least one
parent was born outside of the
2016 69.4% 18.0% 3.6%
country.
7.7% 0.8%
2012 70.2% 18.0% 3.3%

24,000—or 8%
of children in immigrant families live
with a parent who has been in the
U.S. less than five years.
White non-Hispanic Black non-Hispanic Hispanic
Native non-Hispanic Other non-Hispanic Source: National KIDS COUNT
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016; Ages 0-17

Economic
Security
While the child poverty rate is on the

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decline, we know that isn’t enough.
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The federal poverty level is an outdated measure, plus there continues to be
about 1 in 5 children living in poverty with more young children and children
of color disproportionately impacted. Two-thirds of young children have both
INFORMATIO
parents in the workforce, yet child care alone can consume more than 35%
of full-time, minimum wage earnings, which equal approximately $1,600 a
month. Positively, Michigan’s median income has
increased by 17% from 2012 to 2017; however, the
county with the largest incomes (Livingston County) Child care alone can
APRIL 23, 20
is 134% higher—more than double—than the county consume more than 35%
with the lowest median income (Lake County). There of full-time, minimum
has been an uneven recovery in the state’s economy. wage earnings.
This inequitable distribution of income and resources
results in many negative impacts on children:
• Fewer family resources to provide basic needs, let alone cover expenses
for extracurricular and other enrichment activities that are important for all
kids;
• Increased family financial stress for prolonged periods of time can cause
toxic stress response, which affects child development1;
• School quality varies significantly based on a community’s ability to pay
taxes to support their local districts, as necessary, when state funding has
declined significantly2; and,
• Lack of access to affordable, high-quality child care, healthy foods, adequate
transportation and more all affect children and families and are tied to income.

Almost half of counties experienced a larger decrease in child poverty
than the state average.
BARGO
aw
een
Kew
Houghton
Ontonagon Baraga
Luce
Gogebic Marquette
Chippewa
LEASE ANY
Alger
Iron Schoolcraft
Mackinac
Dickinson Delta
e
ne
mi
Emmet
an
no
yg
Me
Presque
o
eb
Ch
Charlevo Isle
ix
y
nc
ore
ntm
u
na
ON UNTIL
Mo
ela
Child Poverty Rates by

Le

Benzie
County Traverse
n
e
mo
Iosco
ke
Wexford Ogemaw
au
om
Manistee
Below 17%
ss
sc
Mi
Ro
Arenac
6.3% 17% to 24% 40.7% Huron
24% to 28% Oceana Newaygo Mecosta Isabella Midland Bay
019
Tuscola Sanilac
Above 28% Montcalm Saginaw
Muskegon Gratiot

ee
Ionia Clinton
ass
Ottawa Kent
Michigan Poverty Rate: 19.6%
iaw
Sh
mb
Median Poverty Rate: 20.9%

co

Ma
Allegan Barry

Kalamazoo Calhoun
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Monroe

Berrien Cass St. Joseph Branch Hillsdale Lenawee
Poverty Estimates
Families of color face more barriers to economic security, with higher rates having
low incomes.
74% 70%
Percent of Children in Families
With Less Than 200% of FPL
2012 2016 64% 60%

56% 54%
46% 42%
38%
33%
28% 28%
* *
American Asian and Black or Hispanic or White, non- Two or more Total
Indian Pacific African Latinx Hispanic races
Islander American
* No data available
Source: National KIDS COUNT
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INFORMATIO
APRIL 23, 20
Emily Glas, Age 9
County Summary & Rankings

2017: Child poverty, ages 0-17 2017: Young children eligible for food aid (SNAP)
Michigan: 19.6% Michigan: 26.1%

5 Best Counties Rate 5 Worst Counties Rate 5 Best Counties Rate 5 Worst Counties Rate
Livingston 6.3% Lake 38.8% Livingston 7.5% Wayne 43.6%
Clinton 7.7% Clare 37.8% Ottawa 8.2% Lake 43.4%
Ottawa 8.2% Roscommon 37.8% Leelanau 10.1% Genesee 38.8%
Oakland 9.3% Wayne 33.4% Keweenaw 10.6% Saginaw 38.6%
Leelanau 10.9% Crawford 30.5% Clinton 11.9% Iosco 38.6%
Number of Counties: Number of Counties:

2012 vs. 2017 2012 vs. 2017
Ranked Changed Improved Ranked Changed Improved
83 83 79 83 83 82
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019
Susan Nasser, Age 4 Ciara Sheffey, Age 9
2017-2018: Students eligible for

free/reduced-price lunch
Michigan: 50.3%

5 Best Counties Rate 5 Worst Counties Rate
Inequitable distribution Livingston 22.3% Lake 95.3%

of income and resources Clinton 31.3% Oceana 74.8%
results in many negative Washtenaw 32.0% Oscoda 72.5%
impacts on children. Oakland 34.7% Roscommon 72.2%
Ottawa 36.3% Iosco 70.8%
Number of Counties:
2012 vs. 2018
Ranked Changed Improved
82 78 15
What does the Federal Poverty Level (FPL)
mean for a family of four in Michigan?
Young children are
23%
200% 150% 100% 50% more likely to live in
poverty during some
18%
$49,716 $37,287 $24,858 $12,429 of their most formative
a year a year a year a year years of development. Percent in Poverty
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about about about about
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41% of 31% of 20% of 9% of
kids kids kids kids
Ages 0 to 5 Ages 6 to 17
Source: National KIDS COUNT, 2017 Source: National KIDS COUNT, 2017
1 4
» 19.6%
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Nearly in young adults
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ages 18-24 live in poverty.
INFORMATIO
of children in Michigan
live in poverty.
APRIL 23, 20
1in 4 children in
immigrant families live below
the poverty threshold.
Gabriel Sheppard, Age 10
Nearly half of children in immigrant families More than 1 in 8 young adults ages 16-24 struggle to
live in families with low incomes. access school and work.
2012 2016
Percent Not Attending School
53%
47% 19%
and Not Working
15% 14%
12%
8% 7%
Not Low Income Low Income 16 to 19 20 to 24 16 to 24
Source: National KIDS COUNT, 2016 Source: National KIDS COUNT

BARGO
LEASE ANY
ON UNTIL
019As poverty rates decline, program participation also down with the exception of
free or reduced-price lunch.
Melody Placeway, Age 13
2012 2017
4.5%
Family Independence Program (FIP), Ages 0-18
1.5%
48.2%
Free or Reduced-Price Lunch Program, K-12*
50.3%
36.7%
Food Assistance Program (FAP), Ages 0-5 26.1%
Women, Infants, and Children Program (WIC), 51.2%

Ages 0-4 47.3%
2.9%
Child Care Subsidies, Ages 0-12
2.2%
Percent Receiving Each Program

*Students receiving due to income eligibility, not community eligibility provisions.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services and Michigan Department of Education

Health &
Safety
The health of moms and babies is incredibly
important to our state.
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Unfortunately, the data show that there is a lot of work to do to ensure that women
not only have access to prenatal care, but also to family planning options. Both
have impacts on birth outcomes. Over 30% of births are to women who were not
planning to become pregnant, which comes with a higher likelihood that prenatal
INFORMATIO
care does not begin on time.1 More than 32% of births are to
women who received less than adequate prenatal care due Home visiting programs
to lack of access, coverage, transportation, irregular work improve outcomes for
schedules and more. Women of color experience systemic women and children,
barriers and worse outcomes. addressing prenatal
care, family planning
APRIL 23, 20
Home visiting programs improve outcomes for and much more.
women and children addressing prenatal care, family
planning and much more, but the need is much higher
than the available resources. In 2017, over 245,500
home visits were made, serving over 24,000 women and 23,000 children.2
Historically, Michigan has done well in ensuring that children have healthcare
coverage. In 2016, nearly 97% of children in the state had some type of health
insurance. About half of states have opted to provide health coverage to immigrant
children and pregnant women who are lawfully residing, or green card holders,
without the typical five-year waiting period.3 Michigan has not. During a time of anti-
immigrant sentiment and policies that threaten the health of immigrant families,
this is one option the state should take to help improve the well-being of all kids in
Michigan.

The majority of counties reported at least one child having lead
poisoning, with Cass, Calhoun and Wayne counties reporting that
over 3% of children tested were confirmed as poisoned.
aw
een
Kew
BARGO
Houghton
Ontonagon Baraga
Luce
Gogebic Marquette
Alger Chippewa
Iron Schoolcraft
Mackinac
LEASE ANY
Dickinson Delta
e
ne
mi
Emmet
n
no
ga
Me
oy
Presque
eb
Ch
Charlevo Isle
ix
y
nc
ore
ntm
u
na
Mo
ela
ON UNTIL
Le

Confirmed Lead Poisoning Benzie
Traverse
by County Among Children
n
e
mo Iosco
ke
Tested Wexford Ogemaw

au
om
Manistee
ss
sc
Mi
Ro
Arenac
0% 2+% Mason Lake Osceola Clare Gladwin
Zero Confirmed Huron
Fewer Than 6 Kids Confirmed Oceana Newaygo Mecosta Isabella Midland Bay
019
Below 1% Tuscola Sanilac
Montcalm Saginaw
Muskegon Gratiot
1% to 1.5%
ee
1.5% to 2% Ionia Clinton

ass
Ottawa Kent
iaw
Sh
Above 2%
mb
co

Ma
Michigan Rate: 1.6% Allegan Barry

Median Rate: 0.9%
Kalamazoo Calhoun
Monroe
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services
More than
93,000 40.4%
of all 1- to 2-year-olds are tested for
possible lead poisoning.
1- to 2-year-olds in Michigan
are tested for possible lead
poisoning.
44.1%
of all 1- to 2-year-olds on Medicaid are
tested for possible lead poisoning.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, 2017

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INFORMATIO
APRIL 23, 20
Mari Montgomery, Age 12

2014-2016: Less than adequate prenatal care 2014-2016: Low-birthweight babies

Huron 19.5% Gratiot 51.1% Menominee 3.8% Ontonagon 12.2%
Oakland 19.6% Hillsdale 50.9% Leelanau 4.5% Oscoda 11.6%
Chippewa 20.9% Schoolcraft 50.0% Missaukee 4.9% Crawford 11.0%
Clinton 21.5% Menominee 49.4% Otsego 5.2% Wayne 10.8%
Crawford 21.7% Oscoda 49.1% Dickinson 5.4% Genesee 10.6%
Hillsdale 5.4%

2010-2012 vs. 2014-2016 2010-2012 vs. 2014-2016

83 82 19 82 78 37
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019
Adrienne Kilmer-Burke, Age 9 Rylie Carey, Age 18
2014-2016: Infant mortality 2014-2016: Child/Teen deaths, ages 1-19
Michigan: 6.7 per 1,000 Michigan: 26.7 per 100,000

Isabella 3.5 Gogebic 16.1 Lapeer 11.4 Menominee 48.9
Midland 3.5 Oceana 12.1 Marquette 16.4 Cass 45.9
Marquette 4.2 Saginaw 10.0 Ionia 17.1 Wexford 45.9
Monroe 4.2 Gladwin 9.7 Newaygo 17.4 Manistee 43.4
Tuscola 4.2 Wayne 9.3 Clinton 17.9 Otsego 42.5

2010-2012 vs. 2014-2016 2010-2012 vs. 2014-2016

45 40 20 50 47 23
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INFORMATIO
APRIL 23, 20 Navid Ali, Age 16
Rates of infant deaths have decreased overall, but are rising for some babies
of color and significant racial and ethnic disparities exist.
2010-2012 2014-2016
13.8
Infant Death Rate Per
13.6 12.9
11.0
1,000 Births
8.6
6.9 6.7 7.4
5.1 4.8 5.9 5.4
3.4 3.7
TOTAL White, non- African American Asian/Pacific Hispanic Arab (all races)
Hispanic American/Black, Indian/Native, Islander, non-
non-Hispanic non-Hispanic Hispanic
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Vital Statistics

After declining for two years in a row, child death rates are beginning to climb.
30
Rates Per 100,000,

Ages 1-19
20
BARGO
10
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
LEASE ANY
African American children make up 18% of the
child population, but 28% of child deaths.
8%
2%
1%
Over
12%
ON UNTIL
28%
61% of Michigan births are to
mothers born outside of the
United States.
019
White, non-Hispanic
African American/Black, non-Hispanic
American Indian, non-Hispanic
Asian Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic
Hispanic
Women of color face more barriers to prenatal care and experience poorer birth outcomes.
Less Than Adequate Prenatal Care Preterm Births Low-Birthweight Babies
44.4%
40.7%
36.8% 35.0%
32.5%
Percent of Live Births
28.5% 29.5%
14.0% 14.3%
9.9% 8.5% 11.5%
8.9% 7.0% 9.1% 7.2% 8.6% 8.9% 9.3% 6
7.6% 7.3%
Total White, non- African Latinx/Hispanic American Indian, Asian Pacific Arab Ethnicity
Hispanic American/Black, non-Hispanic Islander, non- (all races)
non-Hispanic Hispanic
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, 2014-2016

Family &
Community
Investments in our neighborhoods, schools and
families are critical to building strong foundations
for our children.
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Nurturing relationships are also important beginning at birth and through adolescence.
The development of caring relationships affects development in infants and toddlers and is
important for youth as they transition into adulthood.1 The interactions children and families
have with various programs and systems in their communities should reflect this.
INFORMATIO
Michigan and the U.S. have made incredible strides in reducing
unintended teen pregnancy, but the work is not done and there The amount of trauma
are threats on the horizon. Expanded access to healthcare created through these
and contraception along with funding for evidence-based policy decisions and the
programs are both key strategies to reducing unintended teen
impact on the foster care
pregnancy. There has been a rise in repeat teen pregnancies,
APRIL 23, 20
with more young people having subsequent children before system require thoughtful
reaching adulthood. This points to the need for more resources and compassionate
for young parents, whether it is connecting them to child care solutions.
and schooling or supporting their family planning decisions.
Additionally, about 1 in 10 young adults in Michigan are parents
who face unique barriers that should be addressed.2
Rates of child abuse and neglect continue to rise and are of significant concern, as are
recent upticks in the share of children being placed in foster care. Young children and kids
of color—particularly African American children—are disproportionately impacted, along with
LGBTQIA+ youth who are not only overrepresented, but also more likely to leave foster care
without a permanent home.3 Additionally, youth in foster care overall are more likely to age
out instead of leaving with a stable, permanent family relationship, and few receive needed
transition support services like employment, education and housing.4
Increased immigration arrests, detentions and deportations have caused parents and their
children to become separated. There have been reports of families withdrawing from services
and/or not attending school because of fear created. Due to a proposed “public charge” rule,
there’s been evidence of fewer families enrolling in programs intended to improve well-being.
Plus, the potential end to Temporary Protected Status for immigrants from certain countries
could impact over a quarter of a million U.S. citizen children.5 The amount of lifelong trauma
created through these policy decisions and the impact on the foster care system require
thoughtful and compassionate solutions.

From 2012 to 2016, the teen birth rate has declined over 30%. Some parts of
the state experience higher rates with more barrirs to healthcare
aw
een
Kew
From 2012 to 2016, the teen

Houghton
birth rate has declined over
BARGO
Ontonagon Baraga
Gogebic Marquette
Luce
Chippewa
30%. Some parts of the state
experience higher rates with
Alger
Iron Schoolcraft
Mackinac
Dickinson Delta
more barriers to healthcare
access.
e
ne
mi
Emmet
n
no
ga
Me
oy
Presque
LEASE ANY Ch
eb
Charlevo Isle
ix
ncy
ore
ntm
u
na
Mo
e la
Le
Live Births to Teens Ages Benzie
15-19 Live Births to Teens Ages 15-19,
by County*, 2014-2016 Traverse
2014-2016 Average
n
Rate Per 1,000 Teens
e
mo
Iosco
ke
Wexford Ogemaw
au
om
Michigan Rate per 1,000 Manistee ss
sc
Mi
Ro
Teens:19.4
ON UNTIL
Arenac
6.3 Below 20 40.7 Huron
20-25 Oceana Newaygo Mecosta Isabella Midland Bay

Median Rate per 1,000
Tuscola Sanilac
Teens: 23.2
25-30 Montcalm
Gratiot
Saginaw
Muskegon
Above 30 Genesee Lapeer St. Clair
ee
Ionia Clinton
ass
Ottawa Kent
iaw
019
Sh
*Keweenaw County is excluded

mb
MichiganSource:
Rate Per 1,000 teens: 19.4
Michigan
due to insufficient data. Department of Health and
Eaton Ingham Livingston Oakland co
Ma
Median Rate:
Human 23.2
Services Allegan Barry

Kalamazoo Calhoun
Monroe
More young mothers are having additional children during their teen years.
2010-2012 2014-2016
21.7%
20.6% 21.0%
Percent of Births, Ages 15-19
20.0%
17.1% 17.5% 17.8% 18.0% 18.1% 17.8%
Repeat Teen Births
15.9%
13.4% 14.4% 14.6%
Total White, non- African Latinx/Hispanic American Indian, Asian/Pacific Arab (all races)
Hispanic American/Black, non-Hispanic Islander, non-
non-Hispanic Hispanic

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INFORMATIO
APRIL 23, 20 Rio Tomlinson, Age 16
2014-2016: Teen births 2017: Children in investigated families

Livingston 6.3 Schoolcraft 40.7 Keweenaw 40.3 Iosco 250.6
Washtenaw 6.3 Oceana 39.7 Leelanau 41.1 Lake 245.4
Isabella 8.6 Clare 37.2 Livingston 52.4 Montcalm 223.3
Oakland 9.4 Manistee 35.8 Oakland 56.2 Wexford 215.9
Houghton 9.7 Oscoda 35.5 Ottawa 65.7 Jackson 215.4
Ottawa 9.7

2010-2012 vs. 2014-2016 2012 vs. 2017

82 82 76 83 82 10
BARGO
LEASE ANY
ON UNTIL
019
Ali Mukahhal, Age 5 Eleanor Groen, Age 7
2017: Confirmed victims of abuse/neglect 2017: Children in out-of-home care

Oakland 8.4 Lake 44.2 Houghton 1.1 Gogebic 20.6
Clinton 9.0 Gladwin 43.8 Washtenaw 1.8 Cass 14.6
Houghton 9.2 Alcona 43.6 Clinton 2.0 Crawford 14.1
Macomb 9.4 Kalkaska 42.2 Missaukee 2.0 Lake 13.4
Leelanau 9.8 Wexford 41.3
Oceana 2.1 Oscoda 12.8

2012 vs. 2017 2012 vs. 2017
82 81 19 80 77 31
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INFORMATIO
APRIL 23, 20 Michaela Enger, Age 10
A disproportionate number of African American children are placed in foster care, and the share of
multiracial and White children is increasing.
Care by Race/Ethnicity
50% White, non-Hispanic

Ages 0-21 in Foster
Percent of Children
46%
37%
29% African American/Black, non-Hispanic
10% 13% Multiracial, non-Hispanic

6% 7% Latinx/Hispanic
1% 1% American Indian, non-Hispanic
2012
2012 2013 2014
2013 2014 2015
2015 2016
2016
Source: National KIDS COUNT

African American children have systematically been
overrepresented in the total number of victims of abuse
and neglect.
American
Indian/Alaskan
Native
0.4%
BARGO
Asian
Multiracial Percentage of children who
0.3%
9.4% are confirmed as victims of
abuse and neglect.
African
American/Black
27.4%
LEASE ANY
White
54.7%
Latinx/Hispanic
6.9%
Native
Hawaiian/Other
Pacific Islander
Unknown 0.0%
0.9%
ON UNTIL
Rebecca Johnson, Age 10
The rate of children placed in out-of-home care is

increasing after several years of decline.
019
11,209
12,000 10,316 10,264 10,668 10,512 6
White 9,970
The structures and institutions in which 10,000 5
Number of Children,
53.4% 4.8 4.8

5.1
our children are growing up—and how 8,000 4.5 4.4 4.6 4
Ages 0-17
6,000 3
those systems interact with one 4,000 2
another—have an effect on child 2,000 1
development and well-being across - 0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
time.
Number of Children Rate Per 1,000
While 10% of all foster children age out, 58% of older foster youth age out. Less than half of children
are reunified with their families and almost a third are adopted.
2012 2016
Percent Exiting Foster Care
47% 46%
32% 32%
10%10%
6% 7% 3% 2%
<.5% <.5% 1% <.5% 1% 1%
Adoption Death of Child Emancipation Guardianship Living With Reunified With Runaway Transfer to
Other Relatives Parent or Another
Primary Agency
Caretaker
Source: National KIDS COUNT and Fostering Youth Transitions, Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2018

Education
It isn’t news that our students are struggling

with educational achievement. »
»UNDER EMB
» NOT REL
In the national 2018 KIDS COUNT Data Book, Michigan ranked 38th in the country
»DO
on four measures of educational outcomes—an improvement from 41st the year
before. Yet, the most recent M-STEP results show that nearly 56% of Michigan’s
third-graders are not proficient in reading. This is important as we approach the next
school year, when the Read by Grade Three law will mandate that students are re-
tained if they are more than one grade level behind. There were many well-intended
INFORMATIO
components of the law, however, sufficient financial resources from the state were
not provided to support our schools to meet these new re-
quirements. Students from families with low incomes and
students of color will be disproportionately impacted if noth-
wage earni from families with low
Students
ing is changed. incomes and students of color
will be disproportionately
APRIL 23, 20
Third-grade reading is built on a strong foundation in early
impacted if nothing is changed.
childhood, which includes healthy births, access to infant
mental health, interventions for developmental delays,
high-quality child care and preschool attendance. The read-
iness gap begins at birth and continues due to a difference
in resources and opportunities.1 These all impact graduation rates and college readi-
ness, which are two other areas in need of attention. To reach educational goals, like
becoming a “Top 10 in 10 Years” state, there also needs to be a focus on systems
that interact with institutions of education.
Several studies now have shown that Michigan is underfunding schools. The state’s
school finance model has not addressed equity and, in fact, support for students with
greater barriers—poverty, language access and more—has diminished relative to
the number of students in need.2 Ensuring that all of our children are well-educated
and prepared for the workforce is critical, regardless of where they live, their family’s
income, or their race and ethnicity.

In most counties, at least 50% of third-graders are not proficient
in reading.
aw
een
Kew
Houghton
BARGO
Ontonagon Baraga
Luce
Gogebic Marquette
Alger Chippewa
Iron Schoolcraft
Mackinac
Dickinson Delta
LEASE ANY
ne
mi
Emmet
n
no
ga
Me
oy
Presque
eb
Ch
Charlevo Isle
ix
y
nc
ore
ntm
u
na
Mo
ela
Third-Graders Not Proficient Le
Benzie
in English Language Arts by Traverse
County*
n
e
mo
Iosco
ke
Wexford Ogemaw
au
om
Manistee
ON UNTIL
ss
sc
Mi
Ro
Below 45% Clare Gladwin
Arenac
Mason Lake Osceola Huron
34.1% 80%
45% to 55%
Oceana Newaygo Mecosta Isabella Midland Bay
Tuscola Sanilac
55% to 65% Saginaw
Montcalm
Muskegon Gratiot
Above 65% Genesee Lapeer St. Clair

ee
Ionia Clinton
ass
Ottawa Kent
019
iaw
Sh
mb
Michigan Rate: 55.6%
co
Allegan Barry Eaton Ingham Livingston Oakland Ma
Median Rate: 54.2%
*Keweenaw County is excluded Van Buren Jackson Washtenaw Wayne
Kalamazoo Calhoun
due to insufficient data.
Monroe
Source: MI School Data, SY 2017-2018
When it comes to meeting college readiness benchmarks, the majority of students in Michigan struggle.
But students from families with low incomes and students of color face additional barriers, as they are more
likely to attend underresourced schools and have less access to additional support.
50.7%
White
54.3%
44.4% White
Two or More Races
Not Economically
66.2%
Disadvantaged Two or More Races
82.2% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific
24.4% Islander
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
67% Latinx/Hispanic (any race)
52.4% Latinx/Hispanic (Any Race)
African American/Black
77.7% African American/Black
82.5% Asian
Asian
82.6%
Economically 87% American
American Indian
Indian or Alaska
or Alaska Native Native
Disadvantaged 94.1%
62.7% AllRace/Ethnicity
All Race/Ethnicity
85.3%
82.8%
Percent NOT Meeting College Readiness Benchmarks
Source: MI School Data, SY 2017-2018
» EMB
The state’s school
»UNDER
finance model has not
addressed equity, and
support for students with
greater barriers—
poverty, language access
» NOT REL
and more—has diminished
»DO
relative to the number of
students in need.
INFORMATIO
2018: Students not college ready
APRIL 23, 20 2017: Students not graduating on time

Washtenaw 45.2% Schoolcraft 93.7% Clinton 7.4% Manistee* 53.0%
Midland 46.1% Lake 91.3% Mackinac 8.2% Berrien* 36.5%
Oakland 52.6% Osceola 83.8% Alger 9.9% Ogemaw 28.0%
Grand Traverse 53.4% Manistee* 80.4% Arenac 10.1% Lake 26.7%
Ottawa 54.1% Luce 80.0% Ottawa 10.4% Eaton 25.9%
Ingham 25.9%

2016 vs. 2018 2012 vs. 2017

82 78 43 79 77 58
*Districts within Manistee and Berrien counties are authorizers for virtual schools, which is included in totals for the county data.

2017: 3- and 4-year-olds not in preschool
Michigan: 52.9%

Keweenaw 22.2% Oscoda 70.7%
Iron 32.1% Houghton 69.3%
BARGO
Otsego 34.2% Missaukee 67.5%
Ontonagon 34.4% Tuscola 67.0%
Cheboygan 38.8% Gogebic 66.5%
Number of Counties:
2008-2012 vs. 2013-2017
LEASE ANY

83 81 35
2018: Third-graders not proficient in
English Language Arts
Michigan: 55.6%
ON UNTIL

Clinton 34.1% Montmorency 80.0%
Houghton 34.8% Roscommon 71.8%
Marcus Sheppard, Age 10 Ottawa 36.3% Schoolcraft 71.4%
Grand Traverse 42.0% Luce 70.8%
019
Livingston 42.0% Oscoda 69.6%
Number of Counties:
2015 vs. 2018
82 80 15
2018: Eighth-graders not proficient in math
Michigan: 67.3%

Less than half of preschool-age
Emmet 41.4% Alcona 86.5%
children are enrolled in a public
or private school. Newaygo 50.3% Luce 86.0%
Crawford 50.4% Calhoun 84.3%
Ottawa 50.6% Iron 84.3%
Washtenaw 51.7% Schoolcraft 84.3%
Number of Counties:
2015 vs. 2018
80 75 42

Allowing more time to graduate increases high school completion The majority of students whose primary
for all students, especially for those who are English Learners, language is not English face barriers to
have a disability or are experiencing homelessness. college readiness despite their family
income.
4 Years 5 Years 6 Years % Met or Exceeded % Did Not Meet
0 50 100
» EMB
Not Economically
All
AllStudents
Students
»UNDER
Disadvantaged
Male
Male English
Economically Learners
Female
Female Disadvantaged 16.3%
American Indian or Alaska English Learners
American Indian or Alaska Native
Native 4.5%
Asian
» NOT REL
Asian Economically
Disadvantaged
»DO
Black, not
Black, Notof
ofHispanic
Hispanic origin
Origin English Learners
Native Hawaiian or Other
ative Hawaiian or Other Pacific
95.5%
PacificIslander
Islander
Not Economically
White, not
White, Notof
ofHispanic
Hispanic origin
Origin Disadvantaged
English Learners
Hispanic
Hispanic 83.7%
INFORMATIO
TwoororMore
Two MoreRaces
Races Source: Michigan School Data, SY 2017-2018
EconomicallyDisadvantaged
Economically Disadvantaged
English
EnglishLearners
Learners
Migrant
Migrant
Homeless
Homeless
19.8%
APRIL 23, 20
Students
Studentswith
WithDisabilities
Disabilities
0 50 100
of students do not graduate
Graduation Rate
on time in Michigan.
Source: Michigan Department of Education, SY 2016-2017
While supports are needed to improve reading proficiency for all students, Less than half of preschool-age children are enrolled
some face additional barriers, such as attendance at underresourced schools. in school, meaning they often lack access to age-
appropriate programs.
Not English Language Learner 54.4%
Not Enrolled Enrolled
English Language Learner 66.8%
Not Economically Disadvantaged 37.4%
Economically Disadvantaged 69.7%
Male 58.6%
52.9% 47.1%
White Students 47.7%
Students of Color 70%
All Students 55.6%
Percent of Third-Graders NOT Proficient in English Language Arts (ELA)
Source: MI School Data, SY 2017-2018 Source: American Community Survey, 2013-2017

BARGO
LEASE ANY
ON UNTIL
019
Morgan Sieloff, Age 17
Students attending charter schools experience more

difficulties graduating on time and completing high school.
Not Graduating on Time Drop Out

Allowing more time to graduate increases
41.6% high school completion for all students.
Percent of Students
21.3% 19.8%
16.9%
7.0% 8.6%
Non-Charters Charter Schools All Schools
Source: Michigan Department of Education, SY 2016-2017

Data Definitions and Notes
TREND INDICATORS
(in order of their appearance on state/county profiles)
POPULATION
» EMB
Estimated populations for 2012 and 2016 are for all people and of children ages 0-5, 6-12, 13-17 and 0-17. The 0-17 populations are
»UNDER
broken down by race and ethnicity. The estimates use a model that incorporates information on natural changes such as births and
deaths and net migration.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, State and County Population Estimates; Detroit and Flint estimates from the Office of the State Demographer
ECONOMIC SECURITY
Children in Poverty
» NOT REL
The number reflects children living in families whose income was below the poverty level in 2012 and 2017. The percentage is based
on the total number of children ages 0-17 during that period.
»DO
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates
Young Children in the Food Assistance Program

The number includes children in families eligible for the Food Assistance Program (FAP), also known as the federal Supplemental Nu-
trition Assistance Program (SNAP), in December 2012 and December 2017. Families qualify with incomes below 130% of the poverty
level. The percentage is based on the estimated populations of children ages 0-5 in 2011 and 2016.
INFORMATIO
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Assistance Payments Statistics, Table 68, December 2012 and December 2017 (for counties); special run for Detroit data
Students Eligible for Free or Reduced-Price School Lunches

K-12 students from families with incomes below 130% of the federal poverty level are eligible for a fully subsidized lunch while children
from families with incomes between 130% and 185% are eligible for reduced-price meals. The percentage is based on total enrollment
of K-12 public school students for school years 2011-12 and 2017-18, including public school academies.
Source: Center for Educational Performance Information
APRIL 23, 20
HEALTH & SAFETY
Less Than Adequate Prenatal Care
The number represents the mothers who received less than adequate prenatal care as defined by the Kessner Index, which measures
the adequacy of prenatal care by the month it began, the number of prenatal visits and the length of the pregnancy. The base year is
an annual average for the three-year period of 2010-12. The current number is an annual average for the three-year period of 2014-16.
The percentage is based on total resident live births based on the mother’s county of residence. Data prior to 2008 are not comparable
due to a change in the definition.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Vital Records and Health Data Development Section
Low-Birthweight Babies
The number, which includes those babies who weighed less than 2,500 grams (approximately 5 lb., 8 oz.) at birth, is an annual average
for the three-year periods of 2010-12 and 2014-16. The percentage is based on total resident live births in the mother’s county of resi-
dence. Data prior to 2008 are not comparable due to a change in the definition.
Infant Mortality
The number, which includes infants who died before their first birthday, is an annual average for the three-year periods of 2010-12
and 2014-16. The rate is the number of infant deaths per 1,000 births during the referenced periods based on the mother’s county of
residence.
Child and Teen Deaths

The number includes deaths from all causes for children ages 1-19. It is an annual average for the three-year periods of 2010-12 and
2014-16. The rate is the number of child deaths per 100,000 children ages 1-19 during those periods based on the child’s county of
residence.
FAMILY & COMMUNITY

Births to Teens
The number of births to teens ages 15-19 is an annual average for the three-year periods of 2010-12 and 2014-16. The rate of teen
births is based on the number of live births per 1,000 females, ages 15-19, for those periods by county of residence.

Children in Investigated Families
These children reside in families where an investigation of abuse or neglect was conducted in fiscal years 2012 and 2017. Families
may be investigated more than once in a given year and their children would be counted each time. The number reflects the total for
the year. Rates are calculated per 1,000 children ages 0-17 in their county of residence for 2011 and 2016. Data is no longer com-
bined for two sets of counties: Missaukee-Wexford and Grand Traverse-Leelanau.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Health and Welfare Data Center, Children’s Protective Services Management Special Report
Confirmed Victims of Abuse or Neglect
BARGO
The number reflects a count of children ages 0-17 confirmed to be victims of abuse or neglect following an investigation in fiscal years
2012 and 2017. Children may be counted twice if there was evidence of two separate cases of abuse found. The rate is calculated per
1,000 children ages 0-17 in their county of residence for 2011 and 2016. Data is no longer combined for two sets of counties: Missau-
kee-Wexford and Grand Traverse-Leelanau.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Health and Welfare Data Center, Children’s Protective Services Special Report
Children in Out-of-Home Care

The number represents child victims of abuse or neglect placed in active out-of-home placements, such as a foster or relative home,
LEASE ANY
court-ordered fictive kin, residential or shelter care supervised by the Department of Health and Human Services, its agents or the
courts. The county represents the location of the court rather than the child’s residence. The data are from a single month (Septem-
ber) in the reference years. The rate is calculated per 1,000 children ages 0-17 for 2011 and 2016. Data is no longer combined for two
sets of counties: Missaukee-Wexford and Grand Traverse-Leelanau.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Services Management Information System, Special Report
EDUCATION
Children Ages 3-4 Not in Preschool
ON UNTIL
The count represents the average number of children ages 3-4 who were not enrolled in preschool during 2008-2012 and 2013-2017.
The percentage is based on the population for ages 3-4 during those periods.
Source: American Community Survey, Table S1401
Students Not Graduating on Time

The count includes students who entered Grade 9 in 2008 or 2013 and did not graduate four
years later as expected, or five years if enrolled in an Early Middle College program. The per-
centage is based on the cohort of students entering Grade 9 in those years. Several county totals
019
include virtual schools operated by Intermediate School Districts or school districts within the
county whose students may reside in other counties, impacting on-time graduation rates. The
counties most affected are Manistee, Leelanau and Berrien.
Source: Michigan Department of Education
Third-Grade English Language Arts (M-STEP)

The number reflects third-graders whose performance on the 2015 and 2018 M-STEP English Language Arts (ELA) tests did not
meet the standard of proficiency. The percentage is based on the number of third-graders whose ELA test scores were included in the
report. M-STEP is a state standardized test for selected subjects in selected grades administered for the first time in 2015 to public
school students. Several county totals include virtual schools operated by Intermediate School Districts or school districts within the
county whose students may reside in other counties, impacting outcomes.
Eighth-Grade Math (M-STEP)

The number reflects eighth-graders whose performance on the 2015 and 2018 M-STEP math tests did not meet the standard of profi-
ciency. The percentage is based on the number of eighth-graders whose math test scores were included in the report. Several county
totals include virtual schools operated by Intermediate School Districts or school districts within the county whose students may reside
in other counties, impacting outcomes.
College Readiness
The number reflects 11th-graders whose performance on the 2016 and 2018 College Board SAT in the subjects of Evidence-Based
Reading and Writing and Mathematics did not meet the college readiness benchmarks in one or both of the subjects. The percent-
age is based on the number of 11th-graders whose SAT test scores were included in the report. The SAT College Readiness data
are based on the SAT with essay administration completed during the Michigan Merit Examination in the spring of Grade 11. Prior to
the 2015-16 school year, the ACT College Readiness examination was used to measure the proficiency of high school students in
English, mathematics, reading and science. Several county totals include virtual schools operated by Intermediate School Districts or
school districts within the county whose students may reside in other counties, impacting outcomes.

BACKGROUND INDICATORS
(in order of their appearance on state/county profiles)
FAMILY SUPPORT PROGRAMS

Children Receiving:
Subsidized child care: The number reflects children ages 0-12 in child care whose parents re-
ceived a subsidy payment from the state in December 2017. Most families qualify with earned
» EMB
income below 12% of the poverty level. The percentage is based on the estimated population
of children ages 0-12 in 2016.
»UNDER
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Child Development and Care Program, Assistance Payments
Statistics, Table 69, December 2016
Family Independence Program cash assistance: The number reflects child recipients age
0-18 in the Family Independence Program (FIP) in a single month (December 2017). Families
with minor children qualify with assets less than $3,000 and gross monthly income below $814.
» NOT REL
Children in families receiving extended FIP are not included. The percentage is based on the
estimated 2016 population of children ages 0-18.
»DO
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Assistance Payments Statistics, Table 4, December 2016 (for counties); special run for Detroit data
Food Assistance Program: The number reflects child recipients ages 0-18 in the Food Assistance Program (FAP), also known as
the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP), in a single month (December 2017), whose families qualify with incomes
below 130% of the poverty level. The percentage is based on the estimated population of children ages 0-18 in 2016.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Assistance Payments Statistics, Table 68, December 2016 (for counties); special run for Detroit data
INFORMATIO
Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program: The number reflects children ages 0-4 who were enrolled in the Women, Infants,
and Children (WIC) program during calendar year 2017. The percentage is based on the estimated population of children ages 0-4
in 2016.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Michigan WIC Program
Children With Support Owed:

The number reflects children ages 0-19 who had a child support order and should have received child support for at least one month
APRIL 23, 20
during fiscal year 2017. The percentage is based on the estimated population of all children ages 0-19 in 2016. The county represents
the location of the court rather than the child’s residence.
Receiving none: The number reflects children who received none of the support payments that were owed during fiscal year 2017.
The percentage is based on the number of children with support owed for at least one month during fiscal year 2017.
Receiving less than 70% of court-ordered amount: The number reflects children who received less than 70% of the total support
amount owed for fiscal year 2017 (including those who received none). The percentage is based on the number of children with
support owed for at least one month during fiscal year 2017.
Average amount per child: The number reflects the average monthly amount (per child) of support received in fiscal year 2017 for
children who received some child support.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Child Support Enforcement System Special Run
ECONOMIC CLIMATE
Unemployment
The 2017 annual rate (not seasonally adjusted) is based on the average monthly number of persons considered to be in the “workforce”
because they are employed or unemployed but are looking and available for work as of August 2018.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
Median Household Income

The median represents the midpoint of household income amounts in 2017.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates
Average Cost of Full-Time Child Care

The number is the weighted average monthly cost for infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and school-age children in day care centers,
group homes and family homes in 2018.
Source: Early Childhood Investment Corporation
Percent of Full-Time Minimum Wage

The percentage is the average child care cost divided by the monthly income from a full-time minimum wage job (based on 173 hours
of work).

All Parents Work
The number is an average for 2013-2017 of children ages 0-5 whose parents are in the labor force (i.e., either both parents work in a
two-parent family or the parent works in a one-parent family). The percentage is based on the average population ages 0-5 for 2013-17.
Source: American Community Survey, Table B23008
FAMILY AND COMMUNITY

Births to Mothers With No High School Diploma or GED
The count is an average for 2014-16. The percent is based on average births for 2014-16.
BARGO
Children 0-17 Living in High-Poverty Neighborhoods
The count is an average for 2013-17 of children living in census tracts with poverty rates of 30% or higher. The percentage is based on
the 2013-17 average population of children ages 0-17.
Source: American Community Survey, Table S1701
Family Structure for Children Ages 0-17:

Two-Parent Household: The number reflects the 2013-17 average of children ages 0-17 in two-parent households. The percentage
LEASE ANY
is based on the average population of children ages 0-17 for that period.
One-Parent Household: The number reflects the 2013-17 average of children ages 0-17 in one-parent households. The percent-
age is based on the average population of children ages 0-17 for that period.
Source: American Community Survey Table B17006
Poverty Rate for Children Ages 0-17:

Two-Parent Household: The number reflects the 2013-17 average of children ages 0-17 in two-parent households whose income
ON UNTIL
was below the poverty level. The percentage is based on the average population of children ages 0-17 in two-parent households for
that period.
One-Parent Household: The number reflects the 2013-17 average of children ages 0-17 in one-parent households whose income
was below the poverty level. The percentage is based on the average population of children ages 0-17 in one-parent households for
that period.
019
Children Ages 5-17 in Households Not Speaking English at Home
The count is an average for 2013-17 of children living in households where English is not spoken. The percentage is based on the
2013-17 average population of children ages 5-17.
ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
Children With Health Insurance
The annual number and percentage estimates are based on a three-year average
(2014-16) number of children ages 0-18 insured through a public or private program
at any point during the year based on the Current Population Survey. Detroit and Flint
data are from the American Community Survey.
Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates (SAHIE)
Children Ages 0-18 Insured by:

Medicaid: The number reflects the enrollment in Medicaid as of December 2017. The percentage is based on the estimated popula-
tion of children ages 0-18 in 2016.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, special run for December 2016
MIChild: This program provides health insurance to children ages 0-18 in families with income between 150% to 200% of the fed-
eral poverty level. The number reflects the enrollment in MIChild as of December 2017. The percentage is based on the estimated
population of children ages 0-18 in 2016.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, special run for December 2016
Fully Immunized Toddlers

The number reflects children ages 19-35 months who had completed the vaccination 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 Series Coverage as of December
2017, according to the Michigan Care Improvement Registry (MCIR). The percentage is based on the population of children ages 19-35
months who were born to mothers residing in Michigan at the time of the birth.
Source: Michigan Care Improvement Registry
Lead Poisoning in Children, Ages 1-2

Tested: The number reflects children ages 1-2 who were tested for lead in 2017. The percentage is based on the number of children
ages 1-2 in 2016.
Poisoned (% of tested): The number reflects children ages 1-2 whose test showed 5 or more micrograms of lead per deciliter of
blood (mcg/dL), with the results confirmed by venous testing. The percentage is based on the number of children ages 1-2 who were
tested.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program, 2017
Children Hospitalized for Asthma

This number represents Michigan hospital discharges of children ages 1-14 with asthma recorded as the primary diagnosis. The num-
ber reflects the annual average and rate per 10,000 children ages 1-14 in 2016. Due to a change in hospital reporting after 2014, 2016
» EMB
data are available for the state only and should not be compared to prior years. Three-year averages will be available for the years
»UNDER
2016-2018 in 2020.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Epidemiology Services
CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

Students in Special Education
The number includes all individuals ages 0 through 26 receiving special education services as of December 2017, except those in
» NOT REL
programs operated by state agencies. These students have been diagnosed with a mental or physical condition that qualified them for
special education services. The percentage is based on the enrollments from the Free/Reduced Lunch data file.
»DO
Source: Michigan Department of Education, Special Education Services and the Center for Educational Performance Information
Children Receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

The number reflects child recipients of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) as of December 2017. SSI is a Social Security Administra-
tion program of cash and medical assistance for elderly people with low incomes and individuals with disabilities, including children. The
rate is per 1,000 children ages 0-18 in 2016.
INFORMATIO
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Special Run for December 2016
Children Served by Early On

The number reflects children ages 0-2 who were enrolled in Early On in the fall of 2017. The percentage is based on the estimated
population for ages 0-2 in 2016. These data are reported by Intermediate School District (ISD); 40 counties have county data, while 43
have their ISD total listed.
APRIL 23, 20
DEFINITIONS
Population Estimates: Rates for non-census years are based on population estimates from the United States Census Bureau.
Rates: Except where noted, rates are calculated when incidents total more than five. Three years of
data are used to calculate an average annual rate for most health indicators, because they are less
likely to be distorted than rates based on single-year numbers; this three-year averaging also allows
rates to be calculated for many counties with small populations. Rates based on small numbers of
events and small populations can vary dramatically and are not statistically reliable for projecting
trends or understanding local impact.
Percentage Change: Change is calculated by dividing the difference between the recent and base year rates by the base year
rate (recent rate-base rate) / base rate. Rising rates indicate worsening conditions for children on measures in this report. Chang-
es on some indicators such as victims of abuse or neglect may reflect state or local policies or staffing levels. The calculation is
based on unrounded rates; calculations using rounded rates may not produce identical results.
Rank is assigned to a county indicator based on the rounded rate of the most recent year reported or annual average. A rank of
No. 1 is the “best” rate on the measure. Only counties with a rate in the most recent year are ranked on a given indicator.

Endnotes
Introduction
1. Arsen, David, Tanner Delpier, and Jesse Nagel, Michigan School Finance at the Crossroads: A Quarter Century of State Control, January
2019: http://education.msu.edu/ed-policy-phd/pdf/Michigan-School-Finance-at-the-Crossroads-A-Quarter-Center-of-State-Control.pdf
2. Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2018 KIDS COUNT Data Book: State Trends in Child Well-Being, July 2018: https://www.aecf.org/re
BARGO
sources/2018-kids-count-data-book/
3. ibid
Economic Security
1. Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University: https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/brain-architecture/
LEASE ANY
Health & Safety
1. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), Michigan PRAMS Indicator Tables 2014 Birth Year, Accessed January 7,
2019: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdhhs/2017-08-21_MI_PRAMS_2014_Tables_final_598704_7.pdf
2. Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Michigan Home Visiting Report FY 2017, Accessed January 7, 2019: https://www.
michigan.gov/documents/homevisiting/Home_Visiting_Initiative_Report_2017_637278_7.pdf
3. Kaiser Family Foundation, Medicaid/CHIP Coverage of Lawfully-Residing Immigrant Children and Pregnant Women, January 2018,
ON UNTIL
Accessed February 1, 2019: https://www.kff.org/health-reform/state-indicator/medicaid-chip-coverage-of-lawfully-residing-immigrant-chil
dren-and-pregnant-women/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D
Family & Community

1. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Relationships: The Foundation of Learning
and Development, Accessed February 8, 2019: https://childcareta.acf.hhs.gov/infant-toddler-resource-guide/relationships-foundation-learn
ing-and-development
2. Annie E. Casey Foundation, Opening Doors for Young Parents, October 2018, https://mlpp.org/kids-count/national/youngparents/
019
3. Youth.gov, Youth Topics-LGBTQ-Child Welfare, Accessed, March 8, 2019: https://youth.gov/youth-topics/lgbtq-youth/child-welfare
4. Annie E. Casey Foundation, Fostering Youth Transitions: Using Data to Drive Policy and Practice Decisions, November 2018, https://www.
aecf.org/resources/fostering-youth-transitions/
5. Mattie Quinn, Planning for Detention: How 2 States Help Immigrant Children Stay Out of Foster Care, Governing, January 31, 2019:
https://www.governing.com/topics/public-justice-safety/gov-immigration-deportation-guardianship-children-maryland.html
Education
1. Annie E. Casey Foundation, Early Warning! Why Reading by the End of Third Grade Matters, January 1, 2010: https://www.aecf.org/m/
resourcedoc/AECF-Early_Warning_Full_Report-2010.pdf
Special Note:
Letter artwork featured on the cover comes from works by: Samantha Avina,
age 15; Taylor Brown, age 16; Jaden Chapman, age 17; Rovic Ines, age 17;
Isabella Martellini, age 15; Brook Robinson, age 18; Morgan Sieloff, age 17;
Rio Tomlinson, age 16; and Brandon Vega, age 18.
Bug artwork featured in the Data Definitions and Notes section was created
by Jrue Sims, age 6.

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APRIL 23, 20
Michigan League for Public Policy
1223 Turner Street, Suite G1
Lansing, MI 48906
Phone: 517.487.5436 or 800.837.5436

Fax: 517.371.4546
www.mlpp.org

2019 Kids Count Data Book

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Copyright: Michigan League for Public Policy 2019

2 About the Kids Count

4 Data Into Action

8 Overall Child Well-Being

16 Health & Safety

22 Family & Community

Brook Robinson, Age 18

2019 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 1

2 | 2019 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book

2019 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 3

Health & Safety

Key Findings Recommendations

With a low of 3% uninsured, Michigan does

2012 2016 % change Child population by race 2012 2016 % change

ECONOMIC SECURITY 2012 2017

HEALTH & SAFETY 2010-12 (avg.) 2014-16 (avg.)

FAMILY & COMMUNITY (per 1,000) 2010-12 (avg.) 2014-16 (avg.)

EDUCATION 2008-12 (avg.) 2013-17 (avg.)

6 | 2019 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book

FAMILY SUPPORT PROGRAMS N

FAMILY AND COMMUNITY NUMBER RATE

Family Independence Program.

See Data Definitions and Notes for details.

2019 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 7

Grand Kalkaska Crawford Oscoda Alcona

1-20 Counties Ranked Arenac

61-82 Genesee Lapeer St. Clair

*Keweenaw County is excluded

due to insufficient data. Eaton Ingham Livingston Oakland

Van Buren Jackson Washtenaw Wayne

Berrien Cass St. Joseph Branch Hillsdale Lenawee Monroe

8 | 2019 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book

Antrim Otsego Alpena

Change in Child Population 24%

by County, 2012-2016 Benzie

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016; Ages 0-19

Genesee Lapeer St. Clair

Michigan Rate: -3.4%

Eaton Ingham Livingston Oakland

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, State and County

With a declining child population, still about 1 in 3 are

2012 70.2% 18.0% 3.3%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016; Ages 0-17

2019 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 9

While the child poverty rate is on the

10 | 2019 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book

Child Poverty Rates by

Grand Kalkaska Crawford Oscoda Alcona

24% to 28% Oceana Newaygo Mecosta Isabella Midland Bay

Genesee Lapeer St. Clair

Median Poverty Rate: 20.9%

Eaton Ingham Livingston Oakland

Van Buren Jackson Washtenaw Wayne

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Monroe

2012 2016 64% 60%

County Summary & Rankings

Michigan: 19.6% Michigan: 26.1%

Number of Counties: Number of Counties: