PC 2009 Powder Coating Glossary

Glossary of Powder Coating
Terms
B the combined application of sharp edges,
heat, and pressure. A formalized test used
Film formation. The forming of a con-
tinuous film by melting powder particles
Back ionization. A condition that can by applicators of insulative powder to and coalescing them by the application of
occur during electrostatic application of electrical motors. energy. For thermosetting materials, a
powder, in which an excessive buildup of chemical reaction, through the further ap-
charged powder particles limits further plication of energy, also takes place. The
powder from being deposited on the sub-
strate and can reverse the electrical
D fused and cured film has the uniformity,
color, toughness, and other properties
charge of the surface layer of powder Delivery. The process of moving the associated with protective and decorative
particles. Also called electrostatic rejec- powder coating through the application coatings.
tion or repelling. equipment to the end product.
Flocking deposition technique. A
Dry blending. A process of powder coat- deposition method of applying powder
Bulk density. Mass per unit of volume
ings’ manufacture in which materials are by spray to a substrate heated above the
in powder form, including the air trapped
blended without melting. melt point of the powder material.
between particles.
Fluidized bed. A fixed container in
C E which powder is suspended in a continu-

ous stream of air. Preheated objects can
Edge coverage. A powder coating’s
Cloud chamber technique. A method be coated by dipping directly into a flu-
capability to flow over, build, and adhere
of moving a charged or uncharged object idized bed. The fluidized bed can also be
to sharp corners, angles, and edges.
through a charged or uncharged cloud of used to facilitate transfer of powder mate-
POWDER COATING GLOSSARY

powder in an enclosed chamber. Electrostatic deposition. A technique rials to an alternate application site.
of moving and charging powder so that it Fusion. The melting and flow of indi-
Compatibility. The capacity of powder is deposited on a grounded substrate. vidual powder particles under the influ-
coatings from different sources or of dif-
Electrostatic fluidized bed tech- ence of heat to form a continuous film.
ferent compositions to be combined and
applied so as to yield no visible or nique. A deposition method of charg-
mechanically measurable differences in ing fluidized powder so that it is de-
the cured film or application properties. posited onto a grounded substrate. G
Electrostatic rejection. See Back Gel time. Interval required at a given
Coronacharging. The process of induc-
ionization. temperature for a powder to be trans-
ing a static electric charge on powder
formed from a dry solid to a gel-like
particles by passing the powder through Electrostatic spray technique. A depo- state.
an electrostatic field generated by a sition method of spraying and charging
high-voltage device. powder so that it is deposited onto a Glass plate flow. See Plate flow.
grounded substrate. See Corona-
Cure end point. The point either during Grounding. An electrical grounding of
charging and Tribocharging.
or following the cure schedule at which the item to be coated.
the powder-coating film is determined to
have developed specified properties.
Cure schedule. The time/temperature

F I
relation required to properly crosslink a Faraday cage effect. A condition that
thermosetting powder coating. can exist on a substrate because of its geo- Impact fusion. The tendency of finely
metric configuration, which can inhibit divided powders to combine with other
Cut-through resistance. A powder coat- the electrostatic application of powder particles in the application equipment
ing film’s resistance to penetration from particles at that specific localized area. during the application process.
Inclined plate flow. See Plate flow. Also called inclined plate flow, glass plate examples are vinyl (PVC), nylon, and
flow, and pill flow. polyolefin.
Intercoat adhesion. A powder coat-
ing’s capability to adhere to previously Pourability. The capability of a dry Thermosetting. A powder coating
applied films. powder to flow uniformly or to be contin- designed to undergo an irreversible
uously poured from a container at a chemical change during the cure sched-
L steady rate. ule. Typical examples are acrylic, epoxy,
and polyester.
Lower explosive limit (LEL). The Powder coatings. Coatings that are
lower point for a range of concentrations protective, decorative, or both; and that Transfer efficiency. The ratio of the
of organic particles suspended in air that are formed by the application of a coat- powder deposited compared with the
can be ignited by a sufficient energy ing powder to a substrate and fused into amount directed at the part to be coated.
source. Also called minimum explosive continuous films by the application of
concentration (MEC). heat or radiant energy. Coating powders Transportability. A powder coating’s
are finely divided particles of organic capability to be carried in an airstream
polymer that generally contain pig- and be passed through tubing and ducts
M ments, fillers, and additives and that
remain finely divided during storage
designed to transfer the powder.
Melt mixing. A predominant process under suitable conditions. Tribocharging. The process of creating
for the manufacture of powder coatings a static electric charge on powder parti-
involving the continuous compounding cles by friction against a nonconductive
material.
of the pigments, fillers, catalysts, and
resins at elevated temperatures. R
Reclaim. A process to recycle nonde-
Melt point. The temperature at which
a finely divided powder will begin to
posited powder through the delivery sys-
tem for reuse.
V
melt and flow. Virgin powder. Unsprayed powder as
Recovery. The process of removing non- opposed to sprayed or reclaimed powder.
Micron/mil. Common units of measure- deposited powder from the air before
ment of coating thickness: 25 microns recirculating the powder through the Volatile content. The quantity, ex-
(micrometers) equals 1 mil (one thou- delivery system. pressed as a weight percent of the pow-
sandth of an inch). der, that is lost under specified condi-
Repelling. See Back ionization.
Minimum explosive concentration. tions of temperature and time.
See Lower explosive limit.
S
W
N Sintering. The tendency of some pow-
ders and powder coating materials to Wrap. A characteristic of powder coat-
Nonelectrostatic deposition. A tech- agglomerate during storage. ings in electrostatic application to seek
nique of depositing powder onto a sub- out and adhere to parts of the substrate
strate, which may be heated above the Spray/reclaim booth. A specially not in direct line of sight of the delivery
melt point of the powder material. Some designed enclosure in which coating system end point.
methods are flocking and fluidized bed. powders are introduced, contained, and
recovered during the coating process.
Storage stability. The capability of

P powder coatings to maintain uniform
physical and chemical properties after
Particle size. The average diameter of being subjected to the manufacturer’s
an object having irregular boundaries, specified storage conditions.
which can be determined to have diame-
ter through various test methods. Surface appearance. Generally
refers to the smoothness and gloss of
Pill flow. See Plate flow. powder-coating films and the pres-
ence or degree of surface defects.
Plasma deposition technique. A
method of applying powder by using
compressed gas and by melting the pow-
der in a flame before the powder im-
pinges on the surface.
T Adapted with the kind permission of the
Thermoplastic. A powder coating that Powder Coating Institute from Technical
Plate flow. The distance a powder coat- will repeatedly melt when subjected to Brief #2. (Alexandria, Va.: Powder
ing flows in the molten state before gel. heat and solidify when cooled. Typical Coating Institute, 1986).

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Glossary of Powder Coating

Fluidized bed. A fixed container in

C E which powder is suspended in a continu-

POWDER COATING GLOSSARY

Cure schedule. The time/temperature

Storage stability. The capability of

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