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    Single Phase Transformers: Electrical Machine-1 EEE-233

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    tusar
    - Single phase transformers use an E-I shaped laminated core with primary and secondary windings. - An ideal transformer has no losses and the voltage and current ratios are determined by the turns ratio. - A real transformer has losses in the core from hysteresis and eddy currents. It also has I2R losses in the windings. - On no-load, the primary current has components for magnetizing the core and for iron losses. On load, there is an additional component for supplying the load current.

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    Single Phase Transformers: Electrical Machine-1 EEE-233

    Uploaded by

    tusar
    75 views16 pages
    - Single phase transformers use an E-I shaped laminated core with primary and secondary windings. - An ideal transformer has no losses and the voltage and current ratios are determined by the turns ratio. - A real transformer has losses in the core from hysteresis and eddy currents. It also has I2R losses in the windings. - On no-load, the primary current has components for magnetizing the core and for iron losses. On load, there is an additional component for supplying the load current.

    Original Description:

    Machine pic

    Original Title

    2. Lecture 2

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    - Single phase transformers use an E-I shaped laminated core with primary and secondary windings. - An ideal transformer has no losses and the voltage and current ratios are determined by the turns ratio. - A real transformer has losses in the core from hysteresis and eddy currents. It also has I2R losses in the windings. - On no-load, the primary current has components for magnetizing the core and for iron losses. On load, there is an additional component for supplying the load current.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    75 views16 pages

    Single Phase Transformers: Electrical Machine-1 EEE-233

    Uploaded by

    tusar
    - Single phase transformers use an E-I shaped laminated core with primary and secondary windings. - An ideal transformer has no losses and the voltage and current ratios are determined by the turns ratio. - A real transformer has losses in the core from hysteresis and eddy currents. It also has I2R losses in the windings. - On no-load, the primary current has components for magnetizing the core and for iron losses. On load, there is an additional component for supplying the load current.

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    Single Phase Transformers

    Electrical Machine-1
    EEE-233
    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 1
    Lecture 2

    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 2


    Reference Books:
    1. Electric Machinery Fundamentals- 4th edt.
    -- Stephen J. Chapman

    2. A Textbook of Electrical Technology (AC and DC Machines)


    -- B.L. Theraja
    A.K. Theraja

    3. Electric Machines (Theory, Operation, Application, Adjustment and Control)


    -- Charles I. Hubert

    All slides will be uploaded into-

    sites.google.com/site/ikbalab1116

    Attention:
    *** This presentation slide only contains the overview of the related topics. Students are advised to take
    decent class-notes and read thoroughly from the prescribed text books.

    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 3


    Practical Implementation

    Core :
    E-I shape core :
    • Laminated slice sheet of E & I shape is stacked
    for core assembly.
    • Stacked assembly of core is bolted for a tight
    assembly

    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 4


    Power on ideal transformer
    ref: Chapman

    An ideal transformer is a lossless device with an input winding


    and an output winding.
    The relationships between the input voltage and the output
    voltage, and between the input current and the output current ,
    are given by a (turns ratio)

    Vp/vs=is/ip=a
    vp, ip=primary voltage and current respectively
    vs, is=Secondary voltage and current respectively

    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 5


    Power on ideal transformer
    ref: Chapman

    Pin=VpIpcosϴp
    Pout=VsIscosϴs
    In ideal XF, the primary and secondary have the same pf
    So, ϴp= ϴs= ϴ
    Now, Pout=VsIscosϴ
    Applying turns ratio eq^n , Vs=Vp/a and Is=aIp

    Pout=(Vp/a)(aIp)cosϴ =VpIpcosϴ =Pin


    The output power of an ideal XF is equal to
    its input power
    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 6
    Transformer with losses but no
    magnetic leakage
    Ref: B.L. Theraja

    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 7


    Transformer - analysis

    No Load With Load

    Assumptions: Assumptions:

    • No load is connected in • Load is connected to secondary


    secondary • No leakage of magnetic flux
    • No leakage of magnetic flux • Losses in core
    • Losses in core (hysteresis and • i2R loss both in primary and
    eddy current loss) secondary
    • Very small amount of i2R loss
    in primary
    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 8
    Transformer with no load
    - analysis
     Primary current is not purely
    reactive
     No Cu loss in secondary
    (Secondary is open)
     Load current Io lags by V1 at
    an angle less than 90°
    no load input power, Pi=V1Iocosφo
    Io has two components,
    Iw=Iocosφo iron loss component
    (iron loss + small Cu loss)
    Im=Iosinφo magnetizing comp.

    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 9


    Transformer with no load
    - analysis
    Points to be noted:
     No load primary current Io is
    very small compared to full
    load primary current.
     The magnetizing current is not
    exactly sinusoidal type

    Example: 32.9, 32.10, 32.11 (self)

    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 10


    Transformer on load
    - analysis

    Important decisions:
     The net flux passing through
    the core is approx. same as at
    no load
     Core loss is particularly same
    under all load conditions
    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 11
    Transformer on load
    - analysis

    φ2 =φ2’
    N2I2=N1I2’
    I2’=N2I2/N1 =KI2

     When XF is on load, the primary winding has two


    components, Io and I2’
     The total primary current on load, Ip(on
    Load)=vector sum of Io and I2’

    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 12


    Lecture 4
    ref: Chapman

    Impedance transformation

    Theory of operation of real single phase XF

     Magnetizing current in real XF

    Equivalent ckt. Of a single phase XF


    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 13
    Impedance Transformation

    • The impedance of a device or an


    element is defined as the ratio of the
    voltage across it to the phasor current
    flowing through it: ZL=VL/IL

    • One of the interesting properties of a


    transformer is that, since it changes
    voltage and current levels, it changes
    the ratio between voltage and current
    and hence the apparent impedance of
    that element. ZS=VS/IS

    • The apparent impedance of the


    primary circuit of the transformer is
    ZL’=Vp/Ip
    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 14
    Impedance Transformation

    ZL’=Vp/Ip
    as, Vp=aVs and Ip=Is/a
    so, ZL’=(aVs)(Is/a)=a2Vs/Is=a2ZL

    Important decision:
    With a transformer, it is
    possible to match the
    magnitude of a load impedance
    to a source impedance simply
    by picking the proper turns
    ratio.

    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 15


    Continued.....

    2/17/2019 Ikbal Ahmed, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, CUET 16

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