Refrigerants: Engr. William R. Salazar, Pme Instructor

RefRigeRants
engR. WiLLiaM R. saLaZaR, PMe

instRUCtOR
Refrigerants
• Are fluids that absorb heat at low temperatures and
reject heat at higher temperatures
• Compound used in a heat cycle that reversibly undergoes
a phase change from a gas to a liquid.
• The principles of refrigerant allows heat pumps and
straight air conditioners to function properly; because of
their pressure temperature relationship. This relationship
allows heat transfer.
* Refrigerants are sold in disposable containers that include a check valve.
This limits the reuse of old refrigerants and prevents mixing refrigerants.
Refrigerants are identified by a standard color code. The labels also
contain information on which type of refrigerant is in the container
along with any safety hazards there are.
Prefix
• The prefix is composed of the letter R (for refrigerant).
• Examples: R22, R134a, R600a, R717
• Sometimes, the letter C is used in the prefix to denote carbon,

preceded by B, C or F (or a combination of these letters in the
same order) to indicate the presence of bromine, chlorine or
fluorine. Compounds containing hydrogen must be preceded
by the letter H.
• Examples: HCFC22, HFC134a
• These prefixes must only be used in non-technical publications.

• Note: the name of the brand or of the manufacturer is also used
sometimes; these names must not be used in official documents
(identification labels, etc.).
Suffix
• The first digit on the right (units) is the number of
fluorine (F) atoms.
• The second digit on the right (tens) is one more than

the number of hydrogen (H) atoms.
• The third digit on the right (hundreds) is one less than

the number of carbon (C) atoms (when the digit is zero,
it is omitted from the number).
• The fourth digit on the right (thousands) is equal to the

number of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds (when
the digit is zero, it is omitted from the number).
Example:
RO22
• R22 (chlorodifluoromethane – CHClF2)
• 0: Number of carbon atoms – 1
• 2: Number of hydrogen atoms + 1
• 2: Number of fluorine atoms
• Number of chlorine atoms : 1 (i.e. 4 minus 1
hydrogen atom and minus 2 fluorine atoms)
Suffix
• For cyclic derivatives, the letter C is used before the
refrigerant’s identification number.
• Example: RC318 (octafluorocyclobutane – C4F8)
• In the case of isomers in the ethane series. As the

isomers become more and more unsymmetrical,
successive lowercase letters (i.e. a, b or c) are
appended.
• Example: R134 and R134a
Suffix
• For refrigerants that contain bromine (Br), the letter B is

added after the identification number, followed by the
number of atoms present. These refrigerants are no
longer manufactured in developed countries since the
application of the Montreal Protocol on substances that
deplete the ozone layer.
• The number of chlorine (Cl) atoms is found by

subtracting the sum of fluorine, bromide, and hydrogen
atoms from the total number of atoms that can be
connected to the carbon atoms: 4 for methane
derivatives (CH4), 6 for ethane derivatives (C2H6), etc.
CFC
• The chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are formed by replacing some

hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbons with chlorine and
flourine atoms.
• Thomas Midgley Jr. invented the chlorofluorocarbon gas,
Freon, which was safer for humans but has been found to
harm the ozone layer.
• They are also commonly known by Dupont Trade name Freon.
• Many CFCs have been widely used as refrigerants, propellants
(in aerosol applications) and solvents. The manufacture of
such compounds is being phased out by Montreal Protocol
because they contribute to ozone depletion.
HCFC
hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine & carbon

HFC
• Hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine
• Organic compounds that contain only one or
few fluorine atoms
• Their atmospheric concentrations are rapidly
increasing, causing international concern
about rising contribution to anthropogenic
radioactive forcing emissions
Carbon Dioxide (R-744)
• Has been extensively used in the past
• It is undergoing a popular resurgence and has
distinct advantages for low temperature applications.
• One of the benefits of CO2 in low temperature
refrigeration system is the low specific volume of the
refrigerant vapor.
• This has a direct positive impact on the required
compressor displacement (ft 3/min or m 3/min) and
can help to reduce the installed size of the
compressor(s).
Water (R-718)
• Is a natural refrigerant
• The use of water as a refrigerant in industrial chillers is an
environment friendly new technology, successfully installed
over the recent years.
• It is absolutely harmless to man and nature. It is easily
available and there are no problems disposing it after use.
• Even though water is one of the oldest refrigerants, it
requires state of the art technology to use water as a
refrigerant in absorption chillers or in compression chillers
with steam injection compressors.
Ammonia (R-717)
• Is the most common refrigerant used in
industrial refrigeration today.
• The application of ammonia to refrigeration
system has become universally known as the
field of refrigeration.
• It is flammable and highly toxic.
Air (R-279)
• Is one of the earliest refrigerants and was
widely used in World War I whenever a
completely nontoxic material was required.
• Although air is free of cost and completely
safe, its low coefficient of performance makes
it unable to complete with the modern
nontoxic refrigerants.
Sulfur Dioxide (R-764)
• Being easily condensed and possesing a high
heat of evaporation, sulfur dioxide is a
candidate material for refrigerants.
• Prior to the development of Freons, sulfur
dioxide was used as a refrigerant in home
refrigerators.
Methane Series
• R-20 trichloromethane
• R-10 tetrachloromethane (chloroform)
• R-11 trichlorofluoromethane • R-21 dichlorofluoromethane
• R-12 dichlorodifluoromethane • R-22 chlorodifluoromethane
• R-12B1 • R-22B1 bromodifluoromethane
bromochlorodifluoromethane
• R-23 trifluoromethane
• R-12B2
dibromochlorodifluoromethan • R-30 dichloromethane
e • R-31 chlorofluoromethane
• R-13 chlorotrifluoromethane • R-32 difluoromethane
• R-13B1 • R-40 chloromethane
bromotrifluoromethane • R-41 fluoromethane
• R-14 tetrafluoromethane • R-50 methane
Ethane Series
• R-114 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-
• R-110 hexachloroethane tetrafluoroethane
• R-114a 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-
• R-111 tetrafluoroethane
pentachlorofluoroethane
• R-114B2 1,2-dibromo-1,1,2,2-
• R-112 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro- tetrafluoroethane
1,2-difluoroethane • R-115 chloropentafluoroethane
• R-112a 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro- • R-116 hexafluoroethane
2,2-difluoroethane • R-120 pentachloroethane
• R-113 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-
trifluoroethane
• R-113a 1,1,1-trichloro-
2,2,2-trifluoroethane
Ethane Series
• R-123 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1- • R-134a 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
trifluoroethane • R-140a 1,1,1-trichloroethane
• R-123a 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2- • R-141b 1,1-chloro--fluoroethane
trifluoroethane • R-142b 1-chloro-1,1-
• R-124 2-chloro-1,1,1,2- difluoroethane
tetrafluoroethane • R-143a 1,1,1-trifluoroethane
• R-124a 1-chloro-1,1,2,2- • R-150a 1,1-dichloroethane
tetrafluoroethane
• R-152a 1,1-difluoroethane
• R-125 pentafluoroethane
• R-160 chloroethane
• R-133a 2-chloror-1,1,1-
trifluoroethane • R-170 ethane
Propane Series
• R-216ca 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane
• R-218 octafluoropropane
• R-245cb 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane
• R-290 propane
• Cyclic Organic Compounds
• C316 1,2-dichloro-1,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluorocuclobutane
• C317 chloroheptafluorocyclobutane
• C318 octafluorocyclobutane
Zeotropic Blends
• R-400 R-12/114 (must be specified)
• R-401A R-22/152a/124 (53%/13%/34%)
• R-401B R-22/152a/124 (61%/11%/28%)
• R-401C R-22/152a/124 (33%/15%/52%)
• R-402A R-125/290/22 (30%/2%/38%)
• R-402B R-125/290/22 (38%/2%/60%)
• R-403A R-290/22/218 (5%/75%/20%)
• R-403B R-290/22/218 (5%/56%/39%)
• R-404A R-125/143a/134a (44%/52%/4%)
• R-405A R-22/152a/142b/C318 (45%/7%/5.5%/42.5%)
• R-406A R-22/600a/142b (55%/4%/41%)
Zeotropic Blends
• R-407A R-32/125/134a (20%/40%/40%)
• R-407B R-32/125/134a (10%/70%/20%)
• R-407C R-32/125/134a (23%/25%/52%)
• R-407D R-32.125/134a (15%/15%/70%)
• R-408A R-125/143a/22 (7%/46%/47%)
• R-409A R-22/124/142b (60%/25%/10%)
• R-409B R-22/124/142b (65%/25%/10%)
• R-410A R-32/125 (50%/50%)
• R-410B R-32/125 (45%/55%)
• R-411A R-1270/22/152a (1.5%/87.5%/11.0%)
• R-411B R-1270/22/152a (3%/94%/3%)
• R-412A R-22/218/142b (70%/5%/25%)
Azeotropic Blends
• R-500 R-12/152a (73.8%/26.2%)
• R-501 R-22/12 (75.0%/25.0%)
• R-502 R-22/115 (48.8%/51.2%)
• R-503 R-23/13 (40.1%/59.9%)
• R-504 R-32/115 (48.2%/51.8%)
• R-505 R-12/31 (78.0%/22.0%)
• R-506 R-31/114 (55.1%/44.9%)
• R-507A R-125/143a (50%/50%)
• R-508A R-23/116 (39%/61%)
• R-508B R-23/116 (46%/54%)
• R-509A R-22/218 (44%/56%)
Miscellaneous Organic Inorganic Compounds
Compounds • R-702 hydrogen
Hydrogen • R-704 helium
• R-600 butane • R-717 ammonia
• R-600a 2-methyl propane • R-718 water
Oxygen Compounds • R-720 neon
• R-610 ethyl ether • R-728 nitrogen
• R-611 methyl formate • R-732 oxygen
Sulfur Compounds • R-740 argon
• R-620 Reserved for future • R-744 carbon dioxide
assignment • R-744A nitrous oxide
• Nitrogen Compounds • R-764 sulfur dioxide
• R-630 methyl amine
• R-631 ethyl amine
Unsaturated Organic Compounds
• R-1112a 1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethane
• R-1113 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
• R-1114 tetrafluoroethene
• R-1120 trichloroethene
• R-1130 1,2-dichloroethene (trans)
• R-1132a 1,1-difluoroethene (vinylidene fluoride)
• R-1140 1-chloroethene (vinyl chloride)
• R-1141 1-fluoroethene (vinyl fluoride)
• R-1150 ethene (ethylene)
• R-1270 propene (propylene)

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RefRigeRants

engR. WiLLiaM R. saLaZaR, PMe

• Sometimes, the letter C is used in the prefix to denote carbon,

• These prefixes must only be used in non-technical publications.

• The second digit on the right (tens) is one more than

• The third digit on the right (hundreds) is one less than

• The fourth digit on the right (thousands) is equal to the

• In the case of isomers in the ethane series. As the

• For refrigerants that contain bromine (Br), the letter B is

• The number of chlorine (Cl) atoms is found by

• The chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are formed by replacing some

hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine & carbon

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