Shri Santosh Rungta Group of Institutions

Question Bank

Branch ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

ENGG.
Semester V

Subject Communication Theory

Subject Code 324556(24)

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

http://www.rungta.ac.in
Session 2017-18
 Shri Santosh Rungta Group of Institutions
Unit -I
(a) Write any two properties of Fourier transform. 2
(b) A signal m(t) is multiplied by a sinusoidal waveform of frequency fc . The product signal 6
is 𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑚(𝑡) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡. if the fourier transform of m(t) is M(f) i.e.
1 ∞
𝑀(𝑓) = ∫ 𝑚(𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞
Find the fourier transform of v(t).
(a) Define modulating signal, carrier signal and modulated signal. 2
2 (b) Determine the percentage power saving when the carrier wave and one of the sidebands are 6
suppressed in an AM wave modulated to a depth of (i) 100% (ii) 50%.
(a) How many AM broadcast can be accommodated in 100 KHz bandwidth if highest frequency 2
3 modulating carrier is 5 KHz.
(b) Explain demodulation of AM wave by using envelope detector. 6
(a) Why amplitude modulation is considered to be inefficient system? 2
4
(b) Explain square law modulator method for generation of AM wave. 6
(a)What is the need of modulation? 2
(b) The power transmitted by a SSB transmitter is 10kW. It is required to be replaced by standard 6
5
AM transmission having modulation index of 0.8 and same power. Determine the power contents
of the carrier and each of the sidebands. Also compute the transmission efficiency.
6 Explain the generation of SSB signal using (i) filter method (ii) phase shift method. 8
7 Explain the feedback arrangement for local oscillator synchronization in synchronous detector. 8
An AM signal is represented in time domain as: 𝑠(𝑡) = 20 [1 + 0.9 cos 2𝜋 × 104 𝑡] cos 2𝜋 × 8
106 𝑡. The signal is radiated in to free space. Sketch the spectrum and calculate the bandwidth
8
required to transmit, power radiated, transmission efficiency. Given antenna resistance (50 +
j0)Ω load.
Explain the generation of SSB signals using filter method with the help of example. Consider the 8
9 message is band limited to 50 Hz-5 KHz, lower carrier frequency is 200 KHz and higher carrier
frequency is 11MHz.
10 Explain the generation of DSB-SC signal using balanced modulator. 8
Draw the frequency domain diagram of SSB-SC modulated signal for periodic and non-periodic 8
11
modulating signal.
The waveform 𝑣(𝑡) = (1 + 𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑚 𝑡)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑐 𝑡, with m a constant (𝑚 ≤ 1), is applied to the 8
diode demodulator of fig-1. Show that, if the demodulator output is to follow the envelop of v(t),
12 it is required that any time t0 :
1 𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑚 𝑡0
≥ 𝜔𝑚 ( )
𝑅𝐶 1 + 𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑚 𝑡0
 Shri Santosh Rungta Group of Institutions

Fig-1
Obtain the expression for the signal V3(t) in block diagram shown in fig. Where 𝑉1 (𝑡) = 8
10𝑐𝑜𝑠2000𝜋𝑡 + 4𝑐𝑜𝑠200𝜋𝑡 & 𝑉2 (𝑡) = 𝑉1 (𝑡) + 𝑉12 (𝑡). BPF filter is an ideal filter with
passband 800Hz to 1200Hz.

13

Unit -II
(a) Define frequency deviation. 2
14 (b) An FM wave modulated to depth of 8 generates a bandwidth of 180 KHz. Find the frequency 6
deviation
(a) Define Carson’s rule. 2
15
(b) Explain any one method of FM generation in detail. 6
(a) What is the bandwidth of NBFM and WBFM. 2
16 (b) Find the bandwidth of commercial FM transmission assuming frequency deviation 75 KHz 6
and bandwidth of modulating signal X(t), fm= 15 KHz.
(a) Draw the frequency spectrum of NBFM. 2
17
(b) Discuss reactance modulator method for generation of FM wave. 6
(a) Define instantaneous frequency in FM. 2
(b) An angle modulated signal with carrier frequency 𝜔𝑐 = 2𝜋105 is described by equation 6
𝑣(𝑡) = 10 cos(𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + 5 sin(3 × 103 𝑡) + 10 sin(2𝜋 × 103 𝑡)).Calculate

18 i. Power of modulated signal

ii. Find the frequency deviation Δf.
iii. Find the deviation ratio β .
iv. Find the phase deviation Δф.
v. Estimate the bandwidth of v(t).
19 What is WBFM? Derive its general expression. 8
 Shri Santosh Rungta Group of Institutions
20 Explain Armstrong method of generating phase modulated signal. 8

21 Derive the mathematical equation of FM and also give the relationship between FM and PM. 8
Write short notes on (i) pre-emphasis network (ii) de-emphasis network. 𝑉(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑤𝑐 𝑡 + 8
22 0.2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑤𝑚 𝑡. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑤𝑐 𝑡 (i) show that V(t) is a combination of AM and FM signal. (ii) sketch the
phasor diagram at t=0.
23 Explain pre-emphasis and de-emphasis process. 8
A single tone Modulating signal cos(15𝜋 × 103 𝑡) frequency modulate a carrier of 10MHz and 8
produces a frequency deviation of 75KHz. Find
1. Modulation Index
24 2. Phase deviation produced in FM Waves
3. If other modulating signal produces a modulation index of 100 while maintaining the
same deviation. Find Amplitude and Phase of the modulating signal. Assume the
frequency Sensitivity kf =15KHz per volts.

Unit –III
(a) What is aperture effect? 2
25
(b) Explain natural and flat top sampling. Compare the two. 6
(a) What is aliasing? 2
26 (b) A Bandpass signal has spectral range that extends from 20-82KHz. Find the acceptable range
of sampling frequency fs. 6

(a) An analog signal is expressed by the equation 𝑥(𝑡) = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠50𝜋𝑡 + 10𝑠𝑖𝑛300𝜋𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠100𝜋𝑡.
Calculate the Nyquist rate for this signal. 2
27
(b) Explain PAM with the help of flat top sampling. 6
(a) Define Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval. 2
(b) A TDM system used is used to multiplex the 4 signals 𝑚1 (𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔0 𝑡, 𝑚2 (𝑡) =
28 0.5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔0 𝑡, 𝑚3 (𝑡) = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜔0 𝑡, 𝑚4 (𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜔0 𝑡. (a) If each signal is sampled at the same
sampling rate calculate the minimum sampling rate fs . (b) What is the commutator speed in 6
revolutions per second?

(a) What is guard band? 2

29 (b) Explain FDM technique with a proper block diagram.
6

30 Explain the generation and detection of PPM with suitable time diagram. 8

31 State and prove sampling theorem for low pass signal. 8

32 Compare TDM and FDM. 8

 Shri Santosh Rungta Group of Institutions
33 Compare the various pulse analog modulation methods. 8

34 Explain the generation and detection of PWM with suitable time diagram. 8

Unit –IV
(a) What is sampling? 2
(b) 24 telephone channels each bandlimited to 3.4 KHz are to be time division multiplexed by 6
35
using PCM. Calculate the bandwidth of the PCM system for 128 quantization levels and 8KHz
sampling frequency.
(a) What is the purpose of sample-and-hold circuit? 2
36 (b) A massage signal 𝑚(𝑡) = 10𝑐𝑜𝑠8𝜋103 𝑡 is transmitted through a channel using 4bit PCM. The 6
sampling rate is 15% of the nyquist rate. Calculate the all parameters of PCM system.
(a) What does quantizer do? 2
37
(b) Explain uniform quantization of signals with the help of uniform quantizer. 6
(a) Give the number of quantization level if massage signal 𝑚(𝑡) = 10 sin 10𝜋𝑡 and 5 bit PCM 2
38 system is used.
(b) What is quantization? Derive expression for quantization error. 6
(a) Define Step size for quantization process. 2
39
(b) Write a short note on slope overload distortion and granular noise. 6
40 Describe PCM generation system. 8
41 Explain adaptive delta modulation. 8
42 Explain BPSK transmitter and receiver. 8
43 Explain delta modulation. What are the drawbacks of this system and how it can be eliminated? 8
44 Explain PSK and DPSK. Compare the two. 8
45 Explain FSK with the help of block diagram. 8
46 Explain Differential phase shift keying. 8

Unit –V
47 (a) Define source coding. 2
(b) A source emits seven symbols 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … … . , 𝑥7 with respective probabilities 0.35, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 6
0.04, 0.005 and 0.005. Give Huffman coding for these symbols and find the average length of the
code word.
48 (a) Define entropy. 2
(b) A continuous signal is band limited to 5KHz. The signal is quantized in 8 levels of a PCM 6
system with the probabilities 0.25, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0.05, 0.05 and 0.05. Calculate the entropy and the
rate of information.

49 (a) What is mutual information? 2

 Shri Santosh Rungta Group of Institutions
(b) Find the mutual information and channel capacity of the channel. Given 𝑝(𝑥1 ) = 0.6, 𝑝(𝑥2 ) = 6
0.4.

50 (a) State the Shannon’s theorem. 2

(b) Explain entropy and information rate. 6
51 (a) What is channel capacity. 2
(b) Prove that C=W Log[1+S/N] bits/sec 6
52 Discuss the various aspects of discrete memory less channels (DMC). 8

53 Consider a binary memory less source X with two symbols X1 and X2. Show that H(x) is maximum 8
when both X1 and X2 are equiprobable.

54 Explain SHANNON’S theorem. 8

55 Give short notes on mutual information. 8

56 Explain coding efficiency. Show that the coding efficiency is maximum when P(0) =P(1). 8

57 Find the mutual information for the channel shown in Fig. 8

58 Apply the Shannon-Fano coding procedure for the following message ensemble: 8
[𝑋] = [𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 , 𝑥5 , 𝑥6 , 𝑥7 , 𝑥8 ]
[𝑃] = [1⁄4 , 1⁄8 , 1⁄16 , 1⁄16 , 1⁄16 , 1⁄4 , 1⁄16 , 1⁄8]
Take no of symbols are 2. Calculate efficiency of the code.