Class 12 Chemistry Vba For A Chapter
Class 12 Chemistry Vba For A Chapter
Class 12 Chemistry Vba For A Chapter
3
Electrochemistry
1 Marks Questions
Ans. No. We can’t store AgCl solution in Zinc pot because standard electrode potential of Zinc
is less than silver.
Ans. When the concentration of all the species involved in a half-cell is unity, then the
electrode potential is called standard electrode potential.
Ans. Electromotive force of a cell is also called the cell potential. It is the difference between
the electrode potentials of the cathode and anode.
Ans. Yes, An electrochemical cell can be converted into electrolytic cell by applying an
external opposite potential greater than its own electrical potential.
Ans. A single half cell does not exist independently as reduction and oxidation occur
simultaneously therefore single electrode potential cannot be measured.
Ans. SHE stands for standard Hydrogen electrode. By convention, its electrode potential is
taken as 0 (zero).
7. What does the positive value of standard electrode potential indicate?
Ans. The positive value of standard electrode potential indicates that the element gets
reduced more easily than ions and its reduced form is more stable than Hydrogen gas.
Ans. The arrangement of metals and ions in increasing order of their electrode potential
values is known as electrochemical series.
The reduction half reaction for which the reduction potential is lower than the other will act
as anode and one with greater value will act as cathode. Reverse reaction will not occur.
a) pH of solutions
c) in potentiometric titrations
Ans.
=0.80V – (+0.34V)
=+0.46V
, ?
Ans. From the reduction potential values, it is indicated that Nickel (more negative value) is
more reactive than copper and will, then displace copper from
12. State the factors that affect the value of electrode potential?
a) Concentration of electrolyte
b) Temperature.
14. Define the term specific resistance and give its SI unit
Ans. The specific resistance of a substance is its resistance when it is one meter long and its
Ans. The SI unit of conductance is Siemens, denoted by the symbol, S & is equal to .
Ans. Conductivity of a material in is its conductance when it is 1m long and its area of
cross - section is . It is represented by .
Ans. Kohlrausch Law of independent migration of ion states that limiting molar conductivity
of an electrolyte can be represented as the sum of the individual contributions of the anion
and cation of the electrolyte.
Ans. Faraday’s constant is the quantity of electricity carried by one mole of electrons.
1 F = 96500 C/mol
Ans.
Two faradays are needed to reduce 1g mole 6 Faradays will be needed to reduce 3g
mole of .
21. Give the reaction taking place in lead storage battery when it is on charging?
Ans. Leclanche cell consists of zinc anode (container) and carbon cathode. The electrolyte is
a moist paste of and carbon black. Because there is no free liquid in
the cell, it is called dry cell.
23. Why is the voltage of a mercury cell constant during its working?
Ans. As all the products and reactants are either in solid or liquid state, their concentration
does not change with the use of the cell.
Ans. A fuel cell is a galvanic cell for converting the energy of a fuel directly into electrical
energy without use of a heat engine.
26. Name two metals that can be used for cathodic protection of iron?
27. Arrange the following metals in the order in which they displace each other from
the solution of their salts. Al, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn
Ans. The following is the order in which the given metals displace each other from the
solution of their salts. Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu
28. Suggest two materials other than hydrogen that can be used as fuels in fuel cells.
Ans. Metals that are on the top of the reactivity series such as sodium, potassium, calcium,
lithium, magnesium, aluminium are extracted electrolytically.
2 Marks Questions
1) Equilibrium constant?
R = Gas constant
T = temperature in Kelvin
n = no. of electrons.
Kc = Equilibrium constant
n = No. of electrons
F = Faraday’s Constant
Ans.
= 0.771 V -
= 0.771 V - 0.0197 V
= +0.7513V
Ans.
0.03V = 0 +
PH = = 5.07 V
4. What are the factors on which conductivity of an electrolyte depend?
v) Temperature
m =
C = concentration in
= conductivity
R = Resistance.
Or cell constant =
= 92
= 22797.6
Ans.
= 0.00046 s/cm
Resistivity =
= .
Ans. With increase in temperature, the K.E. of metal cation increases and obstructs the free
flow of electrons decreasing the conducts of metal while in case of electrolytes, increased
temperature increases the mobility of ions this increases the conductance of ions.
10. The measured resistance of a cell containing solution of KCl at
was 1005 calculate
Ans.
where c = concentration
12. In fig. (1), identify the nature of electrolyte A& B. In which case it is not possible to
obtain value of limiting molar conductance?
B = weak Electrolyte
13. At 298 K , the molar conductivities at infinite dilution of , NaOH and NaCl
at this dilution?
Ans.
Degree of dissociation, =
= 0.039 or 3.9 %.
First Law: The amount of chemical reaction which occurs at any electrode during electrolysis
by a current is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte.
Second Law: The amount of different substances liberated by the same quantity of electricity
passing through the electrolytic solution is proportional to their chemical equivalent weights.
15. How many g of chlorine can be produced by the electrolysis of molten NaCl with a
current of 1 amp. for 15 min?
Ans. Q = It
The reaction is
1mol of
16. How many electrons flow when a current of 5 amps is passed through a solution for
193 sec. Given f = 96500 C. ?
Ans. Q = It
965 C =
electrons.
17. There are two possible reactions for cathode in the electrolysis of aqueous :
E = -0.76v, E = - 0.83v
Ans. In the primary batteries, the reaction occurs only once and after the use over a period
of time battery becomes dead and cannot be reused again. A secondary battery , after used,
can be recharged by passing current through it in the opposite direction so that it can be
used again.
20. Name the cell used for low current devices like hearing aids, watches etc. Also give
the half cell reactions for such a cell?
Ans. This cell is mercury cell – Half cell reactions are Anode
and those
21. Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than in ordinary water. Explain?
Ans. Saline water consists of greater no. of ions than normal water which increases the
electrochemical reaction. This increases rate of corrosion.
molar conductivity.
Ans. Given,
K= 0.0248 S
c = 0.20 M
24. The resistance of a conductivity cell containing 0.001M KCl solution at 298 K is
. What is the cell constant if conductivity of 0.001M KCl solution at 298 K is
.
Ans. Given,
Conductivity,
Resistance, R =
25. In the button cells widely used in watches and other devices the following reaction
takes place: Determine
Ans.
Therefore, = 1.104 V
We know that,
= –213043.296 J
= –213.04 kJ
Ans. The lower the reduction potential, the higher is the reducing power. The given standard
electrode potentials increase in the order of
.
Hence, the reducing power of the given metals increases in the following order:
=6 F =
= 578922 C
Ans. The conductivity of a solution is the conductance of ions present in a unit volume of the
solution. The number of ions (responsible for carrying current) decreases when the solution
is diluted. As a result, the conductivity of a solution decreases with dilution.
Ans. Applying Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions, the value of water can
be determined as follows:
Hence, by knowing the values of HCl, NaOH, and NaCl, the value of water can be
determined.
Ans. Zinc is more reactive than copper. Therefore, zinc can displace copper from its salt
solution. If copper sulphate solution is stored in a zinc pot, then zinc will displace copper
from the copper sulphate solution.
31. Consult the table of standard electrode potentials and suggest three substances
that can oxidise ferrous ions under suitable conditions.
Ans. Substances that are stronger oxidising agents than ferrous ions can oxidise ferrous ions.
This implies that the substances having higher reduction potentials than
+0.77 V can oxidise ferrous ions to ferric ions. Three substances that can do so are , ,
and .
3 Marks Questions
; .
Nernst Equation –
=(-0.44v – (-0.74v) -
= 0.3V – 0.0394V
= +0.2606 V
, R = 8.314 J/K.
Anode:
Cathode:
Nernst Equation
= (- 0.403 – (-0.763) -
= -8488 J mol-1
+0.34v.
At 298k ,
Log kc =
4. For what concentration of will the emf of the given cell be zero at
Ans.
5.Calculate the standard free energy change for the cell- reaction.
Ans.
(iii) 1 mol of to .
Ans.(i)
= 289461 C
(ii)
= 192974 C
(iii)
i.e.,
= 482435 C
= 1 F
(ii) According to the question,
= 4.44 F
(i) 1 mol of to .
= 192974 C
= 96487 C
9. A solution of is electrolysed between platinum electrodes using a current
Ans.Given,
Current = 5A
Time = = 1200 s
Therefore,
= 6000 C
= 1.825 g
10. Depict the galvanic cell in which the reaction takes place. Further show:
Ans.The galvanic cell in which the given reaction takes place is depicted as:
(i) Zn electrode (anode) is negatively charged.
(ii) Ions are carriers of current in the cell and in the external circuit, current will flow from
silver to zinc.
11. Write the chemistry of recharging the lead storage battery, highlighting all the
materials that are involved during recharging.
Ans.A lead storage battery consists of a lead anode, a grid of lead packed with lead oxide
as the cathode, and a 38% solution of sulphuric acid as an electrolyte.
When the battery is in use, the following cell reactions take place:
At anode:
At cathode:
When a battery is charged, the reverse of all these reactions takes place.
Hence, on charging, present at the anode and cathode is converted into and
respectively.
12. If a current of 0.5 ampere flows through a metallic wire for 2 hours, then how many
electrons would flow through the wire?
Ans.I = 0.5 A
t = 2 hours =
Thus, Q = It
= = 3600 C
number of electrons
13. Calculate the potential of hydrogen electrode in contact with a solution whose pH is
10.
Therefore, = 10 - 10M
Given that
= 0.914 V
Ans.Here, n = 2, T = 298 K
We know that:
= - 2 × 96487 × 0.236
= - 45541.864 J mol - 1
= - 45.54 kJ mol - 1
Again,
= 7.981
16. How would you determine the standard electrode potential of the systemMg2+| Mg?
A cell, consisting of Mg | (aq 1 M) as the anode and the standard hydrogen electrode
as the cathode, is set up.
Then, the emf of the cell is measured and this measured emf is the standard electrode
potential of the magnesium electrode.
Therefore,
=
5 Marks Questions
Ans. Construction :
SHE consists of a platinum electrode coated with platinum black. The electrode is dipped in
an acidic solution and pure Hydrogen gas is bubbled through it. The concentration of both
the reduced and oxidized. Forms of Hydrogen is maintained at unity i.e) pressure of gas
of the cell constructed by taking SHE as anode and other half cell as cathode, gives the
reduction potential of the other half cell where as for a cell constructed by taking SHE as
anode gives the oxidation potential of other half cell as conventionally the electrode potential
of SHE is zero.
and
Ans. C = 0.025
= 349.6 + 54.6 =
= 0.114 (approximately)
Ans. In the process of corrosion, due to the presence of air and moisture, oxidation takes
place at a particular spot of an object made of iron. That spot behaves as the anode. The
reaction at the anode is given by,
Electrons released at the anodic spot move through the metallic object and go to another spot
of the object.
There, in the presence of ions, the electrons reduce oxygen. This spot behaves as the
cathode. These H+ ions come either from , which are formed due to the dissolution of
carbon dioxide from air into water or from the dissolution of other acidic oxides from the
atmosphere in water.
Also, ferrous ions are further oxidized by atmospheric oxygen to ferric ions. These ferric ions
combine with moisture, present in the surroundings, to form hydrated ferric oxide
i.e., rust.
4. Calculate the standard cell potentials of galvanic cells in which the following
reactions take place:
(i) (ii)
Ans. (i)
= +0.34 V
n = 6
F = 96487 C mol - 1
= +0.34 V
Then,
= –196833.48 CV
= –196833.48 J
= –196.83 kJ v
Again,
= 34.496
(ii)
The galvanic cell of the given reaction is depicted as:
= 0.80 – 0.77
= 0.03 V
Here, n = 1.
Then,
= –2894.61 J
= –2.89 kJ
Again,
= 0.5073
= 3.2 (approximately)
5. Write the Nernst equation and emf of the following cells at 298 K:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Ans. (i) For the given reaction, the Nernst equation can be given as:
= 2.7 – 0.02955
= 2.67 V (approximately)
(ii) For the given reaction, the Nernst equation can be given as:
= 0.44–0.02955(–3)
= 0.52865 V
= 0.53 V (approximately)
(iii) For the given reaction, the Nernst equation can be given as:
=
= 0.14–0.062
= 0.078 V
= 0.08 V (approximately)
(iv) For the given reaction, the Nernst equation can be given as:
= –1.09–0.02955(0.0453+7)
= –1.09–0.208
= –1.298 V
6. Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte. Discuss
their variation with concentration.
The conductivity of a solution at any given concentration is the conductance (G) of one unit
volume of solution kept between two platinum electrodes with the unit area of cross-section
and at a distance of unit length.
i.e.,
(Since a = 1, l = 1)
Conductivity always decreases with a decrease in concentration, both for weak and strong
electrolytes. This is because the number of ions per unit volume that carry the current in a
solution decreases with a decrease in concentration.
Molar conductivity:
Therefore,
Molar conductivity increases with a decrease in concentration. This is because the total
volume V of the solution containing one mole of the electrolyte increases on dilution.
The variation of with for strong and weak electrolytes is shown in the following plot:
7. The conductivity of sodium chloride at 298 K has been determined at different
concentrations and the results are given below: Concentration/M 0.001 0.010 0.020 0.050
0.100
Calculate for all concentrations and draw a plot between and . Find the
value of .
Ans. Given,
Then,
Therefore,
Given,
Then,
Therefore,
Given,
Then,
Therefore,
Given,
Then,
Therefore,
Given,
Then,
Therefore,
Now, we have the following data:
Ans. Given,
Now,
= 0.084
respectively are connected in series. A steady current of 1.5 amperes was passed
through them until 1.45 g of silver deposited at the cathode of cell B. How long did the
current flow? What mass of copper and zinc were deposited?
= 1295.43 C
Given,
Current = 1.5 A
Therefore, Time
= 863.6 s
= 864 s
= 14.40 min
Again,
= 0.426 g of Cu
= 0.439 g of Zn
10. Using the standard electrode potentials given in Table 3.1, predict if the reaction
between the following is feasible:
(i) and
(iii) and
(v) and .
Ans.
Since for the overall reaction is positive, the reaction between and is
feasible.
Since for the overall reaction is positive, the reaction between and Cu(s) is
feasible.
Since for the overall reaction is negative, the reaction between and is
not feasible.
Since E for the overall reaction is negative, the reaction between Ag(s) and is
not feasible.
Since for the overall reaction is positive, the reaction between and is
feasible.
The reaction with a higher value of takes place at the cathode. Therefore, deposition of
silver will take place at the cathode.
At anode:
The Ag anode is attacked by ions. Therefore, the silver electrode at the anode dissolves
in the solution to form .
(ii) At cathode:
The following reduction reactions compete to take place at the cathode.
The reaction with a higher value of takes place at the cathode. Therefore, deposition of
silver will take place at the cathode.
At anode:
Since Pt electrodes are inert, the anode is not attacked by ions. Therefore, or
ions can be oxidized at the anode. But ions having a lower discharge potential
(iii) At the cathode, the following reduction reaction occurs to produce gas.
……………(1)
……………(2)
For dilute sulphuric acid, reaction (i) is preferred to produce gas. But for concentrated
sulphuric acid, reaction (ii) occurs.
(iv) At cathode:
The reaction with a higher value of takes place at the cathode. Therefore, deposition of
copper will take place at the cathode.
Atanode:
The following oxidation reactions are possible at the anode.
At the anode, the reaction with a lower value of is preferred. But due to the over-
potential of oxygen, gets oxidized at the anode to produce gas.