PARALLEL INDEX AND OSCILLATING DRIVES

Technical Information

TECHNICAL INFORMATION,
ADVICE ON APPLICATIONS
COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA AND DIMENSIONING

LA MECCANICA RAZIONALE
Via Rossini, 26 - 24040 CASIRATE D'ADDA [BG] - ITALY - TEL.0363/3251 - TELEFAX 0363/325252
E-mail: cofil@cofil.it - Sito Internet: http://www.cofil.it
CF1141 - June 1995
 CONTENTS
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

TECHNICAL INFORMATION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Cam mechanisms
1 1.3
1.4
Operation of cam mechanisms
Basic motion law

INDEX DRIVE APPLICATIONS

2.1 Number of stops
2.2 Index period
2 2.3
2.4
Rigidity
Torque

SELECTION OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS

3.1 Input (continuous) elements
3.2 Output (indexing) elements
3 3.3 Overload protection

ENGINEERING AND CALCULATIONS

4.1 Symbols, units, description
4.2 Relationship between cycle time, speed and angle
4 4.3
4.4
Maximum output shaft angular acceleration and velocity
Inertia torque
4.5 Friction torque
4.6 External force torque
4.7 Total dynamic torque
4.8 Torque during dwell
4.9 Output torque requirement and select index drive
4.10 Peak input torque
4.11 Power required

TABLES
TABLE 1 Mass momentum of inertia
TABLE 2 Life coefficients
5 TABLE 3 Output shaft momentum of inertia

EXAMPLES
1 Dial plate drive
2 Dial plate indirectly coupled
6 3
4
Horizontal conveyor
Vertical conveyor indirectly coupled
5 Turnover device drive
6 Application of oscillating drive

- All rights reserved. No part of this catalogue may be duplicated.

- COLOMBO FILIPPETTI may make any changes they feel necessary for the improvement of their products without advance notice.
- COLOMBO FILIPPETTI may change any market components and accessories mentioned in this catalogue as they feel necessary.
- This catalogue supersedes all earlier ones.

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 1

TECHNICAL INFORMATION
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1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 - CAM MECHANISMS

The INDEX DRIVES, RIGHT ANGLE INDEXING TABLES, The high speeds and productivity rates required by every
OSCILLATING DRIVES and MANIPULATORS type of industry nowadays mean that components of
manufactured by COLOMBO FILIPPETTI are mechanisms intermittent one-way or oscillating motion machinery must be
which transform the constant speed rotary motion of the driven at gentle, continuous, absolutely precise acceleration
input shaft into intermittent one-way or oscillating movement and speed. The sistyems producing this type of motion must
of the output shaft by way of a cam drive with conjugate therefore guarantee control of the movement throughout the
profiles and roller feelers. The features which make these TRANSFER-PAUSE cycle. Cam mechanisms allow accurate
mechanisms a high quality product are their simple structure, design of motion characteristics and fully meet the above
direct motion transmission, principles of motion with requirements. The production of intermittent motion by
mathematically calculated acceleration tested in numerous systems other than cam systems involves one or more of the
applications, the use of modern design and manufacturing following disadvantages:
technologies, precise, ongoing checks of the parts during the •Uncoltrolled acceleration
production cycle, and long experience in the calculation, •Dynamic shocks
manufacture and application possibilities of cams. The •High level of maintenance
following characteristics: •Unknown time/transfer ratios
•Precise, repeatable index motion •High running costs
•Self locking in dwell and zero backlash Even the Geneva mechanism has some of these limitations,
•Smooth and shock-free movement and their use is consequently inadvisable today.
•High load capacity
•Regular operation at low, medium and high speeds
•Easy, versatile assembly
•Low level of maintenance
•Low running costs (low level of energy input)
•Extensive range of models
are such as to meet the requirements involved in any type of
application.

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 2

TECHNICAL INFORMATION
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1.3 - DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF CAM MECHANISMS

The major feature of the cam drives manufactured by COLOMBO

FILIPPETTI consists in the transformation of costant oneway rotary
motion from intermittent to simple, direct motion by the use of
ground, hardened, conjugate profile steel cams on which at least
two cam followers, pre-loaded on assembly, roll simultaneously in
opposite directions.
This system, which keeps the cams in constant contact with the
cam followers, ensures zero backlash throughout the motion-dwell
periods cycle, reduces wear as it uses a roller contact, eliminates
dynamic shocks and noise due to the absence of backlash, and
effects a positive, constant control of the movement by
implementing the principles of acceleration and speed, calculated at
the design stage, thereby ensuring that the output rotation (of the SINE MOTION
follower) is exactly proportional to the input rotation (of the cam)

1.4 - BASIC MOTION LAW

On the basis of extensive experience in the application of cam
drives to automatic machinery and the effect of the speed, and
especially of the acceleration, of the intermittent motion parts on the
operation of the same, COLOMBO FILIPPETTI has introduced and
standardised motion law for its drives which present the very best
kinematic and dynamic properties. This standardisation guarantees
high quality and allows a rapid direct comparison to be made
betweeln different types, sizes and varieties of drive.
The standardised motion law, which are named after form of the MODIFIED SINE MOTION
accelaration curve, are as follows:

• SINE CURVE
This is the curve generally known as the cycloidal curve. It
presents the highest peak acceleration value of all the
standardised curves, but has the gentlest passage between zero
and peak acceleration values.

• MODIFIED SINE CURVE

This curve is obtained from a combination of the Sine Motion Acc.
and Cosine Motion Acc. curves. It presents the gentlest passage
between peak acceleration and peak deceleration of all the
standardised curves.
MODIFIED TRAPEZOID MOTION

• MODIFIED TRAPEZOID CURVE

This curve is obtained from a combination of the Sine Motion Acc.
and Constant Acc. curves. Its main feature is that it has the lowest
peak acceleration of all the standardised curves.

• MODIFIED SINE CURVE WITH CONSTANT

VELOCITY
This curve is a further development of the modified Sine Motion
curve. The addition of a constant speed, zero acceleration stretch
at the mid-point of the acceleration curve reduces the maximum
speed and makes it suitable for long-stroke applications.
MODIFIED SINE MOTION WITH CONSTANT VELOCITY

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 3

INDEX DRIVE APPLICATIONS
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Correct application of the CF3 INDEX DRIVES is strictly dependent on appropriate selection of all
system components and knowledge of the distinctive features of the interior of the drive. This
paragraph contains the relevant definitions and some approximate data, which should aid better use
of the characteristics of these drives.

S=3 H=120° 2.1 - NUMBER OF STOPS S

The number of positions, in which the output shaft stops, when

making one revolution, is called the NUMBER OF STOPS, and is
indicated in the catalogue by the letter S. The extent of the
rotation effected by the output shaft during a cycle,
corresponding to the transfer from one station to the next, is
called ANGULAR STROKE, whose value is expressed by the
equation H= 360°/S (degrees).
In applications of the Index Drives for moving dial plates, the
number of stations is normally fixed by the number of operations
to be performed on the piece being processed, including the
loading and unloading positions.
In applications of the Index Drives for driving linear index motion
conveyors or roller feeds, the crucial factor is the index or linear
distance between the two successive stations. In this application,
the correct choice will be the Index Drive, which has the smallest
number of S stops, requiring lower torque at the Index Drive
output.

2.2 - INDEX PERIOD OR ANGLE B

The complet Index Drive cycle is formed by transfer from one

station to the next and a pause (dwell) at each station, and is
generally produced in a complete 360° rotation of the input cam
shaft.
B=210° BP=150° The INDEXING ANGLE, indicated in the catalogue by the letter B
(degrees) is the angle of rotation of the input cam shaft, which
moves the output shaft (follower) from one station to the next.
The remaining section of rotation of the input shaft, which keeps
the output shaft stationary in the station, is called the DWELL
ANGLE. This angle is not shown in the catalogues, but its value
can easily be determined from the formula B P = 360° - B
[degrees].
From the standpoint of production speed of automatic
machinery, it is advisable to minimise the transfer period and
maximise the pause period; at the same time, a longer time is
devoted to transfer the motion becomes gentler, and the
vibrations due to elasticity and torque due to the inertia required
by the mechanism are lower. The inertia torque is, in fact,
directly proportional to the square of the number of cycles, and
inversely proportional to the square of the INDEXING PERIOD.
The best system is therefore a sensible compromise between the
choice of indexing time dwell time. In some cases, following
initial approximate definition of the type of drive, it is advisable to
re-examine the entire machine cycle in order to determine the
maximun indexing angle allowable by exploiting any possibility of
superimposing the various movements and minimising down
time; for this purpose, we can supply the figures relating to the
Index Drive time-indexing diagram on request.
Fig.2 CF...-3-210 INDEX DRIVE

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 4

INDEX DRIVE APPLICATIONS
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In applications, where the pause times required are very long

compared with transfer times, or where the drive is to be operated
by an enable mechanism, once the number of stops “S” has been
set, the mechanism with the highest INDEXING PERIOD of all
the standardised types is selected. A limit switch driven drive
splined to the index drive input shaft stops the motor or de-
activates a clutch-brake joint on every revolution, by interrupting
the power to the motor. The input shaft (leader) is stopped in any
position within the pause period. The Index Drive guarantees that
the output shaft (follower) remains perfectly stationary in the
station.

2.3 - RIGIDITY Is/l Fig. 3 Layout of limit switch control cam and limit
switch.
An important factor to be considered in the selection of Index
Drive CF3 is the ratio of the station to shaft cetre distances. In
order to obtain a good level of rigidity and accuracy, this ratio
should not exceed 4/1. The higher the ratio, the lower the rigidity
and accuracy of indexing.
For large diameter dial plates, or in cases where the number of S
stops requested exceeds the number of standard stops, and
where the dwell times are long compared with index times, the
most convenient and undoubtedly the most correct system is
movement effected by a CF3 Index Drive to a station with gear
transmission, whose ratio determines the number of dial stations.
The advantages of this system are as follows:
• The Index Drive at a station guarantees perfect indexing
repetition.
• The coaxial cogwheel with the dial enables the intermittent
transmission to be brought very close to the workstations and
thereby gives good rigidity and high indexing accuracy, which
will basically depend on the cutting precision of the cogwheel.
• The torque required by the Index Drive will be reduced in
proportion to the number of stations on the dial.
• The number of dial stations is unlimited, and may be varied
simply by adjusting the ratio between the two gears.
• The only precaution required arises at the design stage, where
account is taken of the need to minimise backlash between the
transmission gears.

2.4 - TORQUE
In most applications, the factor determining the choice of Index
Drive is the torque due to inertia of the internmittent motion parts.
In addition, account should be taken of torque caused by friction,
work forces, forces due to unbalanced load and any external
forces.
Other loads to which the Index Drive is subjected, and which are
more difficult to assess, depend on the design and choice of the
components of the intermittent motion system, and are caused
by backlash in the transmission, torsional elasticity of the
mechanical parts etc.
The intermittent motion systems should be stopped and started
up only during the dwell period, i.e. in the station. Stopdowns and
start-ups effected during the transfer period are highly damaging
and may cause breakage of internal parts of the drive.
Fig. 4 Centre Distances.

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 5

SELECTION OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS
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The moving parts of intermittent motion systems, unlike those of costant speed motors, must be accelerated
from zero to maximum speed and vice versa during each cycle. In order to accelerate and decelerate their
masses, the CF3 INDEX DRIVE has to exercise positive and negative torque alterntately, whose pattern is similar
to that of the acceleration curve for the principle of motion used.
This requires special attention to be given to the design of the input and output transmission parts (of the
entire system)

3.1 - INPUT (CONTINUOUS) ELEMENTS speed to be stabilised as the worm gear reducer acts as a
brake in the deceleration section of the cycle, dispersing
In addition to supplying energy to the INDEX DRIVE, the motor through friction the kinetic energy restored to the input shaft by
drive parts must guarantee that the input shaft rotates at a the intermittent motion system. Chain or belt gear transmission,
constant speed. speed variators, clutch/brake couplings or motors can be
This is necessary, because the variable strength torque connected to the fast worm gear reducer shaft in a part of the
required of the mechanisms producing intermittent motion drive system with low torque without giving rise to any
tends to modify the rotation speed of the input shaft, causing it particular transmission problems.
to pulsate during the indexing/dwell cycle. It is therefore If a worm gear reducer cannot be used, it is necessary in
preferable for the motor drive parts to be rigid, generously almost every application to spline a flywheel to the Index Drive
dimensioned and free of backlash. input shaft in order to make the rotation speed as regular as
The best method of motorising an Index is the standard system possible. All parts rotating at costant speed, including the
comprising a worm gear reducer, preferably irreversible, camshaft and the motor, contribute to supplying part the kinetic
directly splined to the input shaft, with minimum transmission energy needed.
backlash. This highly compact system enable the rotationm

transmission

Fig. 5 Highly rigid, compact, direct motor drive. Fig. 6 Rigid motor drive with transmission of fast worm
gear reducer shaft.

flywheel

rigid coupling

Fig. 7 Motor drive using connection with rigid coupling. Fig. 8 Motor drive using spring drive; the flywheel ensures
that the input shaft rotates at a constant speed.

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 6

SELECTION OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS
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Fig. 9 Box coupling. Fig.10 Tapered ring spline coupling.

3.2 - OUTPUT (INDEXING) ELEMENTS

In order to minimise vibration, the entire intermittent motion

system must be as rigid as possible. Backlash in the
transmission and torsional elasticity produce dynamic shocks
which, in addition to increasing the torque required of the Index
Drive output shaft uncontrollably with torque peaks, also give
Fig.11 Tapered screw gear spline coupling.
rise to highly damaging vibrations.
For this reason, it is advisable to use direct couplings based on
friction spline devices, tapered locking units, hubs locking on the
shaft and flange splining systems. It is not advisable to use
splines with pins inserted through the shaft, keys or radial
locking screws. The joints should be rigid and free of backlash,
and the transmission shafts short and of ample diameter.
Flexible chain and belt transmissions should be avoided; it is
preferable to use cogwhel transmissions, which can take up any
play.

3.3 - OVERLOAD PROTECTION SYSTEMS

limit switch

driven
If jams are thought likely to occur in intermittent motion systems, member
overload clutches can be used to protect the Index Drive against detector
overloads. external plate
In order to provide effective protection of the drive, these casing
accessories should be splined to the output shaft. The Index
Drive is a variable speed reducer with a ratio which becomes
infinite during dwell periods. This ratio, which is extremely high adjuster hub
at the beginning of the movement, makes the input shaft plate
insensitive to high loads which an accidentally blocked
intermittent motion system places on the Index Drive output
shaft.
For this purpose, COLMBO FILIPPETTI has designed the GSR
series of output overload clutches, whose characteristics:

• Rigid transmission and no backlash with clutch engaged

• Automatic re-engagement of clutch and reset of transmission
in phase
• Precise, constant operation
• Release torque maintained over time
• No maintenance required
meet the specific requirements of intermittent motion Fig.12 COLOMBO FILIPPETTI type GSR output overload clutch.
transmission.

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 7

ENGINEERING AND CALCULATIONS
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In order to determine the dimensions of an INDEX DRIVE suitable for meeting the needs of a specific apllication,
it is necessary to calculate the peak torque required by the intermittent motion system involved.

4.1 - SYMBOLS, UNITS OF MEASUREMENT, DESCRIPTION 4.2 - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

CYCLE TIMES AND SPEED
amax [rad/s2] Peak angular acceleration of output shaft.
____________________________________________________
The transfer and dwell time are normally data specific to the
B________________________________
[deg] Index period (see catalogue values)
____________________ application, and determine the total time of the operational
B________________________________
P [deg] Dwell period. cycle and the number of revolutions of the input shaft. The
____________________
choice of these two times can be made on the basis of two
a -- Aceleration factor (see catalogue
C________________________________ values).
____________________ different application criteria.
d -- Life factor (see table 2). ____________________
C________________________________ • If the input shaft is to rotate continuously, the times
-- Velocity factor (see catalogue
C________________________________ values) selected must be such that their ratio is compatible with
v
____________________ the values of index period B specified in the catalogues.
F [daN] Strength of weight force. ____________________
G________________________________ The following equations should be true:
360°⋅ t 1
= B=
F________________________________
L [daN] Strength of tangential forces during indexing. t1 B
____________________
F________________________________
P [daN] Strength of tangential forces during dwell. t2 360°− B t1 + t 2 (1)
____________________

B ⋅ t2 (360°− B) ⋅ t 1
i ________________________________
-- S/S1 Transmission ratio. ____________________
t1 = t2 =
360°− B
I [m] Centre distance of CF3 INDEX DRIVE shafts
(see catalogue values) ____________________ B (2)
________________________________
[m] Centre distance of workstations.
Is________________________________ ____________________ • If the input shaft is to rotate intermittently, or the dwell
2 time required is much longer than the index time and their
Ji [kg•m ]
Equivalent moment of inertia of a body, referred
ratio does not fall within the index time and their ratio
to the output shaft (table 1).
____________________________________________________ does not fall within the standard values, or the drive is
2
JA [kg•m ] Internal moment of inertia of output shaft (tab. 3). required to work on an enable mechanism, take the
____________________________________________________
[kg•m 2] Σ Ji Total equivalent moment of inertia relating to
highest of the values in the catalogue for index period B in
JT correspondence with the number of stations selected and
output shaft. fix index time “t 1“ (in seconds) which is to be used for
____________________________________________________
K -- Cam shaft torque factor due to inertia at output effecting transfers from one station to the next. In this
(see catalogue values) ____________________ case, dwell time “t 2“ will be independent of index time “t 1“.
________________________________ This will give a dwell period BP = 360°-B on the cam,
D [daN•m] Total dynamic torque applied
M________________________________ to the output.
____________________ within which the motor drive can be stopped with the
M________________________________
e [daN•m] Cam shaft torque. guarantee that the index drive output shaft is stationary in
____________________ the station.
i [daN•m] Internal dynamic torque of____________________
M________________________________ output shaft In both cases the number of cycles per min. effected by the
M________________________________
J [daN•m] Inertia torque at the output. index drive, assuming that the input shaft revolves
____________________
continuously, in given by the equation:
M________________________________
F [daN•m] Friction torque at the output.
nu =
____________________ B
L [daN•m] Torque due to external forces.
M________________________________ ____________________ t1 ⋅ 6 [index/min.] (3)
P [daN•m] Torque due to external forces
M________________________________ during dwell.
____________________ The number of revolutions of the input shaft is given by the
V [daN•m] Max torque applied to the output.
M________________________________ ____________________ equation:
N________________________________
[kW] Peak input power during the index period. • For 1/2/3/4 stops INDEX DRIVES
e [rpm]
____________________
Rotation speed of input shaft.
n________________________________
ne = nu [rpm] (4)
____________________
nu [index/min] Indexing frequency if input shaft is run • For 6/8 stops INDEX DRIVES
continuosly. nu
________________________________ ____________________
[m] Friction force radius.
rF________________________________
ne =
____________________ 2 [rpm] (5)
[m] External forces radius during
rL________________________________ indexing.
____________________
[m] External forces radius during
rP________________________________ dwell.
____________________
4.3 - MAXIMUM ANGULAR VELOCITY
S -- Number of stops of CF3 INDEX DRIVE AND ACCELERATION OF OUTPUT
(see catalogue values). ____________________
________________________________ SHAFT
1 -- Number of stations of the____________________
S________________________________ indexed part.
t ________________________________
[s] Total cycle time (t 1+t2). ____________________ The peak angular velocity and acceleration values of the
output shaft are essential elements in the study of certain
[s] Index time.
t1________________________________
____________________ applications, depending on the motion law adopted in the
[s] Dwell time.
t2________________________________ construction of the cams
____________________
• Peak angular velocity wmax [rad/s]
12 π nu
wMAX [rad/s] Peak angular velocity of output shaft.
____________________________________________________
µ________________________________
-- Coefficient of friction. w MAX = Cv [rad/s] (6)
____________________ S B
m [kg] Mass.

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 8

ENGINEERING AND CALCULATIONS
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2
• Peak angular acceleration amax [rad/s ] 4.9 - OUTPUT TORQUE REQUIREMENT
72 π n 2
u
AND SELECT INDEX DRIVE
aMAX = Ca [rad/s2] (7)
S B2 Once the values of dynamic torque MD and dwell torque MP
have been calculated, as these act in different periods of the
cycle, in order to determine the size of the INDEX DRIVE it is
4.4 - INERTIA TORQUE MJ necessary to take the higher of the torques, which will be
indicated as MV.
This in the torque required to accelerate and decelerate the MV = max(MD ;MP ) [daN⋅m] (13)
intermittent motion parts of the system, and is generally the Output torque Mu ar various speeds (index/min.) applicable to
element determining the dimensioning of the index drive. the INDEX DRIVES and shown in the specification tables in the
catalogues, takes account of an actual life of 8000 hours. It is
MJ = JT ⋅ Ca ⋅
0.628
S ⋅ t12
therefore necessary to select and INDEX DRIVE which meets
[daN⋅m] (8) the following condition:
NB: Some example of calculations of the momentum of Mu ≥ Mv ⋅ C d [daN⋅m] (14)
2
inertia of mass J [kg. m ] are set out in Table 1. Static torque Ms [daN.m] shown in the specification tables in the
catalogues is the limit torque which can be applied to the
INDEX DRIVE output shaft in the pause stretch with the drive
4.5 - FRICTION TORQUE MF shut down without subsequently prejudicing the operation of
the INDEX DRIVE. A further check, which should be made,
This is the torque necessary to overcome the frictional forces when the CF3 INDEX DRIVE is to splined directly to the
of the intermittent motion system, and depends on the mass, intermittent shaft of the machine, is the ratio betweel the
radius and coefficient of friction of the support. diameter, on which the stations are applied and the centre
distance between the shafts of the CF3 INDEX DRIVE. The
MF = GF rF µ i [daN⋅m] (9) maximum value advisable for general applications is:

≤4
Is
(15)
I
4.6 - EXTERNAL FORCES TORQUE ML if this ratio is increased, the rigidity of the transmission and
indexing accuracy decrease proportionally.
This torque is present only in certain applications. It is due to
external forces occurring or applied during the transfer 4.10 - PEAK INPUT TORQUE
period, such as: REQUIREMENT Me
• Unbalanced loads moved in opposition to the force of
gravity. This is the nominal peak torque to be supplied to the input
• Applications in which the peices have to overcome air or shaft in order to overcome torque MD required on output by the
other resistence. dynamic loads, including the inertial torque of the INDEX DRIVE
• Forces due to processing or opposing resistance of springs output shaft, given by the equation:
etc.
Mi = JA ⋅ C a ⋅
0.628
In general, ML comprises all torque present in the intermittent
motion system other than MJ and MF. S ⋅ t12 [daN⋅m] (16)
ML = FL ⋅ rL ⋅ i [daN⋅m] (10)
The input torque must be used to dimension all input parts, and
any torque deriving from other loads applied to the INDEX
DRIVE input shaft must be added.

Me = (MJ + Mi) ⋅ K + ⋅ Cv ⋅ (MF + ML )

360
4.7 - TOTAL DYNAMIC TORQUE MD S⋅B [daN⋅m] (17)
This is the sum of all dynamic torque previously calculated
and required by the intermittent motion system.
4.11 - POWER REQUIRED N
MD = M J + MF + ML +... [daN⋅m] (11)
This is the power required to drive the mechanism. The INDEX
DRIVES require maximun power only during the acceleration
stretch of the cycle; during deceleration the energy is supplied
by the motor drive. In practice, the power needed to drive the
4.8 - TORQUE DURING DWELL MP intermittent motion system is often lower than, and may be as
little as half of the peak power, which is calculated by the
In some applications, the mass of unbalanced loads or work following equations. It is essential for the motor drive to have a
forces applied during the dwell period cause torque, which sufficient flywheel effect to prevent excessive fluctuations in
the INDEX DRIVE output shaft has to withstand while speed during the transfer period.
Me ⋅ ne
N=
stationary in the station

MP = FP ⋅ rP ⋅ i [daN⋅m] (12) 974 [kW] (18)

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 9

TABLES
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TABLE 1 Some examples of Momentum of inertia of mass J [Kg·m2]

Cylinder or disc rotating about its own axis. Cylinder or disc rotating about an offset

J= ⋅R
m 2 parallel axis.

J= ⋅ (R2 + 2 I2 )
2 m
2

Hollow cylinder or ring rotating about its own Hollow cylinder or ring rotating about an
axis. offset parallel axis.

J= ⋅ (R + r ) J= ⋅ (R2 + r 2 + 2 I2 )
m 2 2 m
2 2
Cylinder rotating about its diameters Cylinder rotating about an offset axis parallel
m C2
J = ⋅( + R2 )
to its diameter..
m C2
4 3 J= ⋅( + R2 + 4 I 2 )
4 3
Hollow cylinder rotating about its diameter. Hollow cylinder rotating about an offset axis
m C2
J = ⋅( + R2 + r 2 )
parallel to its diameter.
m C2
4 3 J= ⋅( + R2 + r 2 + 4 I2 )
4 3

Parallelepiped or plate rotating about its own Parallelepiped rotating about an offset
axis. parallel axis.

J= ⋅ (a + b ) J= ⋅ (a + b +12 I )
m 2 2 m 2 2 2
12 12

Hollow parallelepiped or plate rotating about its Hollow parallelepiped or plate rotating about
own axis. offset parallel axis.

J= ⋅ (a + b + a1 + b1 ) J= ⋅ (a + a1 + b + b1 +12 I )
m 2 2 2 2 m 2 2 2 2 2
12 12

Mass considered concentrated on a circum- Mass considered concentrated on a point.

ference. J = m ⋅ I2
J = m ⋅R 2

Notes: The momentum of inertia of the INDEX DRIVE input shaft it obtained from the equation J i=J·i 2 where i is the transmission
ratio between the Index Drive output shaft and the axis of inertia examined.
•Masses are expressed in [Kg] •Lengths are expressed in [m].

TABLE N° 2 life coefficients

Required life [h] 8.000 12.000 16.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 60.000 80.000
Life coefficient Cd 1.00 1.13 1.23 1.32 1.49 1.62 1.83 2.00

TABLE N° 3 Momentum of inertia of output shaft JA [Kg·m2]

Series 65P 80P 105P 130P 165P 200P 250P 315P
CF3 Index Drive
0.0003218 0.0011164 0.0038828 0.0134711 0.0364932 0.0909681 0.2409218 1.0243406
Stations 1 - 3 - 6
CF3 Index Drive
0.0003473 0.0012007 0.0042222 0.0144756 0.0395539 0.0976193 0.2580815 1.0777462
Stations 2 - 4 - 8
CF3 Oscillating drive
0.0002158 0.0009123 0.00413 0.0103496 0.0345995 0.0986003 0.295065 1.2272114
Strokes 15 - 20 - 30 - 45

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 10

EXAMPLES
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EXAMPLE 1
DIAL PLATE DRIVE

Data:
Number of stops S=6 --
Index time t1=0.21 [s]
Dwell time t2=0.29 [s]
Dial plate diameter Dt=0.5 [m]
Dial plate mass mt=31 [Kg]
Radius of workstations Rs=0.2 [m]
Mass of each piece holder mo=1 [Kg]
Mass of each piece mz=3 [Kg]
Friction force GF=55 [daN]
Friction force radius rF=0.1 [m]
Coefficient of friction µ=0.03 --
External forces during indexing FL=-- [daN]
External forces radius rL=-- [m]
Tangential forces during dwell Fp=70 [daN]
Tangential forces radius rp=0.2 [m]
Life required in hours T=16000 [h]

Indexing period B=(360⋅t1)/(t1+t2) =150 [deg]

Dwell period Bp=360-B =210 [deg]
Speed of output shaft nu=B/(6⋅t1) =120 [index/min.]
Speed of input shaft ne=nu/2 =60 [RPM]

The INDEX DRIVE required is a CF3 ... P-6-150. The following coefficients can be obtained from the catalogue:
CV=1.40 Ca=6.62 K=0.63

Total momentum of inertia of index drive output shaft in intermittent motion system
J1=m t⋅Dt /8
2 2
1 - Dial plate =0.969 [Kg⋅m ]
J2=S⋅mO⋅Rs
2 2
2 - Piece holder =0.240 [Kg⋅m ]
J3=S⋅mZ⋅Rs
2 2
3 - Pieces =0.720 [Kg⋅m ]
2
Total momentum of inertia JT=J1+J2+J3 =1.929 [Kg⋅m ]

Total dynamic torque

MJ=JT⋅Ca⋅0.628/(S⋅t1 )
2
1 - Inertia = 30.308 [daN⋅m]
2 - Friction MF=GF⋅rF⋅µ = 0.165 [daN⋅m]
3 - External forces ML=FL⋅rL = --- [daN⋅m]
Total dynamic torque MD=MJ+MF+ML = 30.473 [daN⋅m]

Torque during dwell Mp=Fp⋅rp = 14.000 [daN⋅m]

Maximum system torque MV = Max (M D;Mp)⋅Cd =37.5 [daN⋅m]

The CF3 INDEX DRIVE which meets the condition Mu > MV at 120 [index/min.] is the:
CF3 130P-6-150
Internal dynamic torque MI=JA⋅Ca⋅0.628/(S⋅ t12) =0.212 [daN⋅m]

Input torque Me=(MJ+MI)⋅K+360⋅CV⋅(MF+ML)/(S⋅B) =19.32 [daN⋅m]

Peak power required P=Me⋅ne/974 =1.19 [kW]

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 11

EXAMPLES
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 2
DIAL PLATE DRIVE INDIRECTLY COUPLED

Data:
Number of stations on dial plate S1=6 --
Dial plate index time t1=1 [s]
Dial plate dwell time t2=5 [s]
External dial plate diameter De=1.5 [m]
Iternal dial plate diameter Di=0.75 [m]
Friction force radius rF=0.45 [m]
µ=0.03
Mass of dial plate m t=173 [Kg]
Radius os stations RS=0.65 [m] Coefficient of friction --
Mass of each station m S=30 [Kg] External forces during indexing FL=-- [daN]
Inertia radius of driven wheel RC=0.5 [m] External frces radius rL=-- [m]
Mass of driven wheel m C=87 [Kg] Tangential forces during dwell Fp=100 [daN]
Mass of drive wheel m r=10 [Kg] Tangential forces radius rp=0.65 [m]
Diameter of drive wheel Dr=0.17 [m] Index drive/dial plate transmission ratio i=1/6 --
Friction force GF=432 [daN] Life required in hours T=16.000 [h]

Number of CF3 INDEX DRIVE stops S=S1⋅i = 1

Index period B = 300 [deg]
Dwell period Bp=360-B = 60 [deg]
Speed of output shaft nu=B/(6⋅t1) = 50 [index/min.]
Speed of input shaft ne=nu = 50 [RPM]

The INDEX DRIVE required is a CF3 ... P-1-300. The following coefficient can be from the catalogue:
CV=1.27 Ca=8.01 K=0.86

Total momentum of inertia of index drive output shaft in intermittent motion system
J1=m t⋅(De -Di )⋅i /8 =1.01
2 2 2 2
1 - Dial plate [Kg⋅m ]
2 - Stations J2=S1⋅mS⋅RS ⋅i2
2
=2.11 2
[Kg⋅m ]
3 - Driven wheel J3=m C⋅RC ⋅ i2
2
=0.6 2
[Kg⋅m ]
4 - Drive wheel J4=m r⋅Dr /8
2
=0.04 2
[Kg⋅m ]
2
Total momentum of inertia JT=J1+J2+J3+ J4 =3.77 [Kg⋅m ]

Total dynamic torque

MJ=JT⋅Ca⋅0.628/(S⋅t1 )
2
1 - Inertia = 18.96 [daN⋅m]
2 - Friction MF=GF⋅rF⋅µ⋅i = 0.97 [daN⋅m]
3 - External forces ML=FL⋅rL⋅i = --- [daN⋅m]
Total dynamic torque MD=MJ+MF+ML = 19.93 [daN⋅m]

Torque during dwell Mp=Fp⋅rp⋅i = 10.83 [daN⋅m]

Maximum system torque MV = Max (M D;Mp)⋅Cd =24.5 [daN⋅m]

The CF3 INDEX DRIVE which meets the condition Mu > MV at 50 [index/min.] is the:
CF3 105P-1-300
MI=JA⋅Ca⋅0.628/(S⋅ t1 )
2
Internal dynamic torque =0.019 [daN⋅m]

Input torque Me=(MJ+MI)⋅K+360⋅CV⋅(MF+ML)/(S⋅B) =17.8 [daN⋅m]

Peak power required P=Me⋅ne/974 =0.91 [kW]

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 12

EXAMPLES
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 3
HORIZZONTAL CONVEYOR

Data:
Index distance C=254 [mm] Driven sprocket pitch diameter D2=0.242 [m]
Index time t1=0.28 [s] Driven sprocket mass m 2=6 [Kg]
Dwell time t2=0.56 [s] No. of chains NC=2 -
Total mass of indexed parts m t=80 [Kg] Friction force GF=125 [daN]
Mass of chains and fixtures m C=45 [Kg] Friction force radius rF=0.121 [m]
Chain pitch PC=12.7 [mm] Coefficient of friction µ=0.1 --
Drive sprocket pitch diameter D1=0.242 [m] External forces during indexing FL=-- [daN]
No. of teeth in drive sprocket Z1=60 - External forces during dwell Fp=-- [daN]
Drive sprocket mass m 1=6 [Kg] Life required in hours T=12 000 [h]

No. of stops S1=Z1⋅ PC/C = 3

Indexing period B=(360⋅t1)/(t1+t2) = 120 [deg]
Dwell period Bp=360-B = 240 [deg]
Speed of output shaft nu=B/(6⋅t1) = 71 [index/min.]
Speed of input shaft ne=nu = 71 [RPM]

The INDEX DRIVE required is a CF3 ... -3-120. The following coefficients can be obtained from the catalogue:
CV=1.4 Ca=6.62 K=0.79

Total momentum of inertia of the intermittent motion system relating to the index drive output shaft
J1=m t⋅D1 /4
2 2
1 - Pieces transported =1.171 [Kg⋅m ]
J2=m C⋅D1 /4
2 2
2 - Chains and fixtures =0.659 [Kg⋅m ]
3 - Drive sprocket J3=NC⋅m1⋅D2 /8
2
=0.088 2
[Kg⋅m ]
4 - Driven sprocket J4=NC⋅m2⋅D2 /8
2
=0.088 2
[Kg⋅m ]
2
Total momentum of inertia JT=J1+J2+J3+ J4 =2.006 [Kg⋅m ]

Total dynamic torque

MJ=JT⋅Ca⋅0.628/(S⋅t1 )
2
1 - Inertia = 35.458 [daN⋅m]
2 - Friction MF=GF⋅rF⋅µ = 1.513 [daN⋅m]
3 - External forces ML=FL⋅rL = --- [daN⋅m]
Total dynamic torque MD=MJ+MF+ML = 36.971 [daN⋅m]

Torque during dwell Mp=Fp⋅rp = -- [daN⋅m]

Maximum system torque MV = Max (M D;Mp)⋅Cd =41.78 [daN⋅m]

The CF3 INDEX DRIVE which meets the condition Mu > MV at 71 [index/min.] is the:
CF3 130P-3-120
MI=JA⋅Ca⋅0.628/(S⋅ t 1 )
2
Internal dynamic torque =0.238 [daN⋅m]

Input torque Me=(MJ+MI)⋅K+360⋅CV⋅(MF+ML)/(S⋅B) =30.32 [daN⋅m]

Peak power required P=Me⋅ne/974 =2.21 [kW]

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 13

EXAMPLES
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 4
VERTICAL CONVEYOR INDIRECTLY COUPLED
Data:
Index distance C=508 [mm]
Index time t1=1 [s]
Dwell time t2=4 [s]
Total mass of pieces transported m t=160 [Kg]
Mass of chains and fixtures m C=82 [Kg]
Chain pitch PC=25.4 [mm]
Drive sprocket pitch diameter D1=0.485 [m]
No. of teeth in drive sprocket Z1=60 -
Mass of driven sprocket m 1=46 [Kg]
Driven sprocket pitch diameter D2=0.485 [m]
Mass of driven sprocket m 2=46 [Kg]
No. of chains NC=1 -
Pitch diameter driven wheel D3=0.3 [m]
Mass of driven wheel m 3=28 [Kg]
Pinion pitch diameter D4=0.1 [m]
Pinion mass m 4=4 [Kg]
Friction force GF=-- [daN]
External forces during indexing FL=157 [daN]
External forces radius rL=0.254 [m]
Tangential forces during dwell Fp=157 [daN]
Tangential forces radius rp=0.254 [m]
Transmission ratio i=1/3 -
Life in hours T=16 000 [h]

No. of stops S1=Z1⋅ PC⋅i/C = 1

Indexing period B= = 300 [deg]
Dwell period Bp=360-B = 60 [deg]
Speed of output shaft nu=B/(6⋅t1) = 50 [index/min.]
Speed of input shaft ne=nu = 50 [RPM]

The INDEX DRIVE required is a CF3 ... -1-300. The following coefficient can be obtained from the catalogue:
CV=1.27 Ca=8.01 K=0.86

Total momentum of inertia of intermittent motion system relating to index drive output s haft
J1=m t⋅D1 ⋅i /4
2 2 2
1 - Pieces conveyed =1.046 [Kg⋅m ]
2 - Chains and fixtures J2=m C⋅D1 ⋅i /4
2 2
=0.536 2
[Kg⋅m ]
3 - Drive sprocket J3=m 1 ⋅D1 ⋅i /8
2 2
=0.150 2
[Kg⋅m ]
J4=m 2 ⋅D2 ⋅i /8
2 2 2
4 - Driven sprocket =0.150 [Kg⋅m ]
J5=m 3 ⋅D3 ⋅i /8
2 2 2
5 - Driven wheel =0.035 [Kg⋅m ]
2
6 - Pinion J6=m 4 ⋅D4 /8 =0.005 2
[Kg⋅m ]
2
Total momentum of inertia JT=J1+J2+J3+ J4 +J5 +J6 =1.922 [Kg⋅m ]

Total dynamic torque

MJ=JT⋅Ca⋅0.628/(S⋅t1 )
2
1 - Inertia = 9.668 [daN⋅m]
2 - Friction MF=GF⋅rF⋅µ⋅i = --- [daN⋅m]
3 - External forces ML=FL⋅rL⋅i = 13.293 [daN⋅m]
Total dynamic torque MD=MJ+MF+ML = 22.961 [daN⋅m]

Torque during dwell Mp=Fp⋅rp⋅i = 13.293 [daN⋅m]

Maximum system torque MV = Max (M D;Mp)⋅Cd =28.24 [daN⋅m]

The CF3 INDEX DRIVE which meets the condition Mu > MV at 50 [index/min.] is the:
CF3 130P-1-300
Internal dynamic torque MI=JA⋅Ca⋅0.628/(S⋅ t12) =0.068 [daN⋅m]

Input torque Me=(MJ+MI)⋅K+360⋅CV⋅(MF+ML)/(S⋅B) =28.631 [daN⋅m]

Peak power required P=Me⋅ne/974 =1.47 [kW]

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 14

EXAMPLES
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 5
HORIZONTAL AXIS TURNOVER DEVICE

Data:
No. of stops S=2 - Shaft mass m a=40 [Kg]
Indexing time t1=1 [s] Radius of inertia of pieces R1=0.275 [m]
Dwell ime t2=1 [s] Mass of pieces m 1=80 [Kg]
Length of turnover arm a=0.75 [m] Friction force GF=-- [daN]
Width of turnover arm b=0.1 [m] External forces during transfer FL=78.5 [daN]
Total mass of turnover arm m 2=50 [Kg] External forces radius rL=0.275 [m]
Shaft diameter Da=0.15 [m] Life required in hours T=8 000 [h]

Index period B=(360⋅t1)/(t1+t2) = 180 [deg]

Dwell period Bp=360-B = 180 [deg]
Speed of output shaft nu=B/(6⋅t1) = 30 [index/min.]
Speed of input shaft ne=nu = 30 [RPM]

The INDEX DRIVE required is a CF3 ... -2-180. The following coefficients can be obtained from the catalogue:
CV=1.4 Ca=6.62 K=0.79

Total momentum of inertia of intermittent motion system relating to index drive output shaft
J1=m 1⋅R1
2 2
1 - Pieces =6.05 [Kg⋅m ]
2 - Turnover arm J2=m 2⋅(a +b )/12
2 2
=2.38 2
[Kg⋅m ]
2
3 - Turnover shaft J3=m a ⋅D a /8 =0.11 2
[Kg⋅m ]
2
Total momentum of inertia JT=J1+J2+J3 =8.54 [Kg⋅m ]

Total dynamic torque

MJ=JT⋅Ca⋅0.628/(S⋅t1 )
2
1 - Inertia = 17.75 [daN⋅m]
2 - Friction MF=GF⋅rF⋅µ = --- [daN⋅m]
3 - External forces ML=FL⋅rL = 21.60 [daN⋅m]
Total dynamic torque MD=MJ+MF+ML = 39.35 [daN⋅m]

Torque during dwell Mp=Fp⋅rp = -- [daN⋅m]

Maximum system torque MV = Max (M D;Mp)⋅Cd =39.35 [daN⋅m]

The CF3 INDEX DRIVE which meets the condition Mu > MV at 30 [index/min.] is the:
CF3 130P-2-180
Internal dynamic torque MI=JA⋅Ca⋅0.628/(S⋅ t12) =0.03 [daN⋅m]

Input torque Me=(MJ+MI)⋅K+360⋅CV⋅(MF+ML)/(S⋅B) =44.286 [daN⋅m]

Peak power required P=Me⋅ne/974 =1.36 [kW]

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 15

EXAMPLES
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 6
APPLICATION OF VERTICAL
MOVEMENT OSCILLATING DRIVE

Data:
Linear stroke C=250 [mm]
Forward time t1=0.4 [s]
Forward dwell time t2=0.8 [s]
Return time t3=0.4 [s]
Back dwell time t4=0.8 [s]
Mass of slide and parts m 1=91 [Kg]
Mass of connecting rod m 2=7 [Kg]
External forces during transfer FL=99 [daN]
External forces during dwell Fp=99 [daN]
Life required in hours T=16 000 [h]

Angular stroke H and radius of oscillating arm R

Fixed H=45° [deg] R=C/[2⋅Sin(H/2)] =326.64 [mm]
Mass of oscillating arm m3 = 9 [Kg]

Period of cycle T° [deg]

Total cycle time Tt=t1+t2+t3+t4 = 2.4 [s]
Advance period TA=360⋅ t1 /Tt = 60 [deg]
Forward dwell period TB=360⋅ t2 /Tt = 120 [deg]
Return period TC=360⋅ t3 /Tt = 60 [deg]
Back dwell period TD=360⋅ t4 /Tt = 120 [deg]
Speed of input shaft ne=60/Tt = 25 [RPM]

The OSCILLATING DRIVE required is a CF3-H45- ... -60-120-60-120. The following coefficients can be obtained
from the catalogue:
CV=1.76 Ca=5.53 K=0.75

Total momentum of inertia of oscillating motion system relating to the oscillating drive output shaft
J1=m 1⋅R
2 2
1 - Parts + slide =9.709 [Kg⋅m ]
J2=m 2⋅R
2 2
2 - Connecting rod =0.747 [Kg⋅m ]
J3=m 3⋅R /4
2 2
3 - Oscillating arm =0.240 [Kg⋅m ]
2
Total momentum of inertia JT=J1+J2+J3 =10.696 [Kg⋅m ]

Dynamic torque
MJ=JT⋅Ca⋅H/(572.9⋅t1 )
2
1 - Inertia = 29.038 [daN⋅m]
2 - Friction MF=GF⋅R⋅µ = --- [daN⋅m]
3 - External forces ML=FL⋅R = 32.337 [daN⋅m]
Total dynamic torque MD=MJ+MF+ML = 61.375 [daN⋅m]

Torque during dwell Mp=Fp⋅R = 32.337 [daN⋅m]

Maximum system torque MV = Max (M D;Mp)⋅Cd =75.49 [daN⋅m]

The CF3 OSCILLATING DRIVE which meets the condition Mu > MV at 25 [index/min.] is the:
CF3 H45-130P-60/120/60/120
Internal dynamic torque MI=JA⋅Ca⋅H/(573⋅t12) =0.03 [daN⋅m]

Input torque Me=(MJ+MI)⋅K+CV⋅(MF+ML)⋅H/TA =64.2

Peak power required P=Me⋅ne/974 =1.65 [kW]

COLOMBO FILIPPETTI SPA 16