TYPES OF YARNS & APPLICATION& PROPERTIES

1. 1. TYPES OF YARNS PROPERTIES END APPLICATION NATIONAL INSITUTE OF

FASHIION TECHONOLOGY (CHENNAI) Tina dhingra MFTECH
2. 2. JUTE • 2ply • S Twist • Jute is also called "the golden fiber" for its color and high cash
value. • It falls into the BAST FIBRE category • It is the second most important vegetable
fiber after cotton, in terms of usage, global consumption, production, and availability.
3. 3. Physical Properties Length 1.5-4mm Diameter 0.015-0.020mm Moisture Regain(MR%)
13.75% Resiliency BAD COLOR Strength(Tenacity) white, offwhite, yellow, brown, grey ,
golden 3-4 gm/denier Elongation 1.7% at the break
4. 4. Physical Properties Dimensional Stability Good Abrasion Resistance Average Effect of
light and heat Average Effect of Micro organism Good(better than cotton)
5. 5. BURNING TEST FOR JUTE In Flame Ignites immediately Removed From Flame
Continues to burn, doesn’t shrink from flame Odor Burning paper or wood Ash Light
colored
6. 6. • ADVANTAGES OF JUTE FIBERS • Under stress jute extends only 0.5% to its stable
form and so gives wonderful dimensional stability. • Protecting Environment • The hairy
surface of jute fabric gives it a capacity to grip • DISADVANTAGES OF JUTE FIBERS •
The crease resistance of Jute is very low. • Drape Property is not good enough. • Create
Shade effect and becomes yellowish if sunlight is used. • If Jute is wetted it lose it’s
strength
7. 7. END-USES OF JUTE GOODS • Bags and sacks for packing almost all kinds of
agricultural products, minerals, fertilizer, cement • Wool packs and cotton bales •
Wrapping materials • Carrier and backing fabric for carpet and linoleum • Cordage and
twines • Webbing and fabric to cover inner springs in auto seats and upholster furniture •
Cargo separator in ship
8. 8. END-USES OF JUTE GOODS • Brattice cloth for mine ventilation and partition • Filling
material in cable • Roofing and floor covering apparel • Footwear lining • Wall covering
and furnishing fabric • Fashion accessories • Jute geo-textile for erosion control and
many more.
9. 9. END APPLICATIONS
10. 10. END APPLICATIONS
11. 11. ACRYLIC • • • • 2ply S Twist Acrylic is also called acrilan fabric Acrylic fibers are
synthetic fibers made from a polymer (polyacrylonitrile) • DuPont created the first acrylic
fibers in 1941 and trademarked them under the name Orlon.
12. 12. BURNING TEST FOR ACRYLIC In Flame Removed From Flame Burns Quickly
Continues To Melt Odor Acidic Odor Ash Plastic Looking Bead
13. 13. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Tenacity Density 2-4.2 gm/den 1.16 gm/cc Elongation at
break 20 to 55% Elasticity Moisture Regain(MR%) Good 1-2.5% Resiliency Good
14. 14. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Melting point 230°C Ability to protest friction Good Color
Light reflection ability White or grey white Good Ability to protest heat It can protest up to
150°C temperature Lusture Bright to light
15. 15. • ADVANTAGES OF ACRYLIC FIBER • • • • They are light weight but have more
bulk. They are odor and mildew resistant too Cleans easily. A transparency rate of 93%
makes acrylic the clearest material known. • DISADVANTAGES OF ACRYLIC FIBER • It
is more expensive than glass. • If exposed to a direct flame it will melt and eventually
burn.
16. 16. END-USES OF ACRYLIC FOR CLOTHING: Sweaters, Women's and Children's
Wear, Sports Wear, Socks, Knitted Underwear, Pajamas, Gloves, etc FOR HOME
FURNISHINGS AND BEDDING: Carpets, A Variety of Rugs, Upholstery, Cushions,
Blankets, Pile Sheets, etc. FOR INDUSTRIAL USES: Felts for Paper Making, Filter Cloth,
Alternative Asbestos, Tents, Sheet, etc. FOR OTHER USES: Rag Doll, Toys, Auxiliary
Tapes for Bags, Braids, Cloth for Bags, Wigs, etc.
17. 17. END-USES OF ACRYLIC
18. 18. END-USES OF ACRYLIC
19. 19. NYLON • Nylon with Polythene • Braided yarn • Nylon is a generic designation for a
family of synthetic polymers known generically as aliphatic polyamides • Nylon was
 intended to be a synthetic replacement for silk It replaced silk in military applications such
as parachutes and flak vests, and was used in many types of vehicle tires
20. 20. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Tenacity 6.0-8.5 gm/den Density 1.14 gm/cc Elongation at
break 15-45% Elasticity Very good Moisture Regain(MR%) 3.5-5% Resiliency Good
21. 21. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Melting point 215°C Ability to protest friction Excellent
Color White Light reflection ability Not good Ability to protect heat Upto 150°C Lusture
Bright to light
22. 22. BURNING TEST FOR NYLON In Flame Melts slowly Removed From Flame Odor
Self extinguishes Unidentified odor Ash Plastic bead
23. 23. • • • • • • • • • ADVANTAGES High elongation Excellent abrasion resistance Highly
resilient (nylon fabrics are heat-set) High resistance to: insects, fungi and animals, molds,
mildew, rot, many chemicals DISADVANTAGES Attacked by oxidizing agents High
shrinkage in molded sections environmental problems regarding its lack of being
biodegradable
24. 24. END USES OF NYLON • • • • • • Women’s hosiery Lingerie Active sportswear Soft
floor coverings Carpeting Industrial uses include: Tire cord, machine parts, such as gears
and bearings • Automotive uses: Belts, Ropes, Parachute fabric – rip-stop nylon, intake
manifolds, gas (petrol) tanks • carpet fiber
25. 25. END USES OF NYLON • • • • • • • • fishing lines footwear pantyhose Wind pants
toothbrush bristles Velcro airbag fiber slings and rope used in climbing gear and slack
lining
26. 26. END APPLICATIONS
27. 27. SPANDEX (LYCRA) • Monofilament yarn • Spandex or elastane or elastomeric fiber
is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity. • The name "spandex" is an
anagram of the word "expands". It is the preferred name in North America; in continental
Europe it is referred to by variants of "elastane",
28. 28. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Tenacity 0.7 gm/den Density: 1.21-1.35 gm/cc Elongation
at break 400-700% Elasticity Excellent Moisture Regain(MR%) 0.6% Resiliency Very
Good Ability to protest friction Excellent Color White or near white Ability to protest heat
Not good Lusture Less bright
29. 29. BURNING TEST OF SPANDEX In Flame Melts slowly Removed From Flame Self
extinguishing Odor Acidic Ash Plastic bead
30. 30. ADVANTAGES OF LYCRA • IT IS USED IN CLOTHING BECAUSE ITS
LIGHTWEIGHT, COMFORTABLE, AND BREATHABLE. • DUE TO ITS FITTING
NATURE IT IS OFTEN USED IN WOMEN'S CLOTHING RATHER THAN IN MEN'S
CLOTHING. • IT DRIES QUICKLY, MOISTURE WICKING AND IT IS EASY TO DYE. • IT
HAS BACTERIA RESISTANT NATURE, BLOCKS ULTRAVIOLET RAYS AND SO IT IS
USED IN GARMENTS. • GARMENTS THAT ARE MADE USING LYCRA ARE SOCKS,
SWIMWEAR, EXERCISE CLOTHING AND LEGGINGS.
31. 31. DISADVANTAGES OF LYCRA • SINCE IT IS TIGHT-FITTING, NON-CYCLISTS
FEEL HARD TO ACCEPT ITS APPEARANCE. • SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF THIS
TIGHT-FITTING IS STILL SLOWLY BEING IMPLEMENTED. • IF THE LYCRA IS BEING
USED AS A BASE FOR GLUING, AS MIGHT BE THE CASE IN A FOAM BODYSUIT,
THE GLUE WILL TEND NOT TO SOAK IN THE FIBERS AND YOU WILL NOT GET
GOOD ADHERENCE.
32. 32. END APPLICATIONS
33. 33. COTTON • Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, Under natural
conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersion of the seeds. • ply- 6 •
Twist- S
34. 34. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON Color White, creamy white, bluish white,
yellowish white or grey. Textile Strength 3.5gm/den. Elongation at break 5-10%. Specific
Gravity 1.54 Moisture Regain(MR%): Standard moisture regain is 8.5
35. 35. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON Elastic Recovery It is inelastic and rigid fiber
Effect of Sunlight gradual loss of strength when cotton is exposed to sunlight and the
fiber turns yellow. Effect of age It shows a small loss of strength when stored carefully
Effect of Heat cotton is severely damaged after few minutes at 240ºC
36. 36. BURNING TEST OF COTTON In Flame Ignites immediately Removed From Flame
Continues to burn Odor Burning paper or wood Ash Light ash, blows away
37. 37. ADVANTAGES OF COTTON • Environmentally friendly • Durable • Soft
DISADVANTAGES OF COTTON • Cotton clothes will begin to fade after a few years,
particularly if left in direct sunlight. • Cotton is not a very weatherproof fabric. If left
outside it is also likely to be damaged by mold and mildew. Man-made fabrics tend to be
much tougher, and mold resistant
38. 38. END APPLICATION