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    Example of 2D Convolution

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    Anisha Agarwal
    This document provides an example of 2D convolution on a 3x3 input signal and 3x3 kernel. It explains that the output size is typically the same as the input size in image processing. It then demonstrates calculating each output value by flipping the kernel, moving it over the input while multiplying overlapping values, and accumulating the results. Code is provided to implement 2D convolution and an example is shown applying it to a 5x5 input and 3x3 kernel, with results matching the built-in Matlab conv2 function.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Example of 2D Convolution

    Uploaded by

    Anisha Agarwal
    266 views5 pages
    This document provides an example of 2D convolution on a 3x3 input signal and 3x3 kernel. It explains that the output size is typically the same as the input size in image processing. It then demonstrates calculating each output value by flipping the kernel, moving it over the input while multiplying overlapping values, and accumulating the results. Code is provided to implement 2D convolution and an example is shown applying it to a 5x5 input and 3x3 kernel, with results matching the built-in Matlab conv2 function.

    Original Description:

    convolution in 2d matrices

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    This document provides an example of 2D convolution on a 3x3 input signal and 3x3 kernel. It explains that the output size is typically the same as the input size in image processing. It then demonstrates calculating each output value by flipping the kernel, moving it over the input while multiplying overlapping values, and accumulating the results. Code is provided to implement 2D convolution and an example is shown applying it to a 5x5 input and 3x3 kernel, with results matching the built-in Matlab conv2 function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    266 views5 pages

    Example of 2D Convolution

    Uploaded by

    Anisha Agarwal
    This document provides an example of 2D convolution on a 3x3 input signal and 3x3 kernel. It explains that the output size is typically the same as the input size in image processing. It then demonstrates calculating each output value by flipping the kernel, moving it over the input while multiplying overlapping values, and accumulating the results. Code is provided to implement 2D convolution and an example is shown applying it to a 5x5 input and 3x3 kernel, with results matching the built-in Matlab conv2 function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Example of 2D Convolution

    Here is a simple example of convolution of 3x3 input signal and impulse response
    (kernel) in 2D spatial. The definition of 2D convolution and the method how to
    convolve in 2D are explained here.

    In general, the size of output signal is getting bigger than input signal, but we
    compute only same area as input has been defined. Because we forced to pad zeros
    where inputs are not defined, such as x[-1,-1], the results around the edge cannot be
    accurate. Plus, the size of output is fixed as same as input size in most image
    processing.

    Input

    Kernel

    Output
    Notice that the origin of impulse response is always centered. (h[0,0] is located at the
    center sample of kernel, not the first element.)

    Let's start calculate each sample of the output one by one.


    First, flip the kernel, which is the shaded box, in both horizontal and vertical direction.
    Then, move it over the input array. If the kernel is centered (aligned) exactly at the
    sample that we are interested in, multiply the kernel data by the overlapped input
    data.
    The accumulation (adding these 9 multiplications) is the last thing to do to find out
    the output value.
    Note that the matrices are referenced here as [column, row], not [row, column]. M is
    horizontal (column) direction and N is vertical (row) direction.
    function B = convolve(A, k);
    [r c] = size(A);
    [m n] = size(k);
    h = rot90(k, 2);
    center = floor((size(h)+1)/2);
    left = center(2) - 1;
    right = n - center(2);
    top = center(1) - 1;
    bottom = m - center(1);
    Rep = zeros(r + top + bottom, c + left + right);
    for x = 1 + top : r + top
    for y = 1 + left : c + left
    Rep(x,y) = A(x - top, y - left);
    end
    end
    B = zeros(r , c);
    for x = 1 : r
    for y = 1 : c
    for i = 1 : m
    for j = 1 : n
    q = x - 1;
    w = y -1;
    B(x, y) = B(x, y) + (Rep(i + q, j + w) * h(i, j));
    end
    end
    end
    end

    Save the following code with filename 'convolve.m'. And then create a new m-file and type this code :

    clear; clc;
    I = [4 4 3 5 4;
    6 6 5 5 2;
    5 6 6 6 2;
    6 7 5 5 3;
    3 5 2 4 4];
    k = [0 -1 0;
    -1 4 -1;
    0 -1 0];
    Hsl = convolve(I, k)
    Watch at the result! You can also compare the result with the matlab toolbox command 'conv2'

    Bnd = conv2(I,k,'same')
    The both results are same :
    Hsl =
    6 3 -2 8 9
    9 3 0 2 -3
    2 0 2 6 -3
    9 6 0 2 1
    1 8 -6 5 9
    Bnd =
    6 3 -2 8 9
    9 3 0 2 -3
    2 0 2 6 -3
    9 6 0 2 1
    1 8 -6 5 9

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