R13ECE

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS
COURSE STRUCTURE AND
DETAILED SYLLABUS
Electronics and Communication

Engineering
B.TECH. FOUR YEAR DEGREE COURSE
(Applicable for the batches admitted from 2013-2014)
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
An Autonomous Institute
Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to JNTUH
Accredited by NBA and NAAC with ‘A’ Grade
Bachupally, Nizampet (S.O), Hyderabad – 500090, Telangana State, India

Phone: 040-23042758/59/60; FAX: 040-23042761
E-Mail: postbox@vnrvjiet.ac.in, Website: www.vnrvjiet.ac.in
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VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
HYDERABAD
An Autonomous Institute
Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to JNTUH
Accredited by NBA and NAAC with ‘A’ Grade
ACADEMIC REGULATIONS FOR B.TECH. DEGREE COURSE

(Applicable for Students admitted from the academic year 2013-2014)
1. Courses of study
The following courses of study are offered at present for specialization for the B.
Tech. Course:
Branch
Branch
Code
01 Civil Engineering.
02 Electrical and Electronics Engineering
03 Mechanical Engineering
04 Electronics and Communication Engineering
05 Computer Science and Engineering.
10 Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
12 Information Technology
24 Automobile Engineering
1.1 Eligibility Criteria for Admission

• The eligibility criteria for admission into engineering programmes shall
be as mentioned below:
• The candidate shall be an Indian National / NRI
• The candidate should have completed 16 years of age as on 31st
December of the academic year for which the admissions are being
conducted.
• The Candidate should have passed the qualifying examination (10+2) or
equivalent as on the date of admission
1.1 .1 Seats in each programme in the Institution are classified into CategoryA and
CategoryB as per the G.Os.
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a) Category – A Seats
These seats will be filled through counseling as per the rank at the Common
Entrance Test (EAMCET) conducted by the State Government and as per
other admission criteria laid down in the G.Os.
1.1.2 Category - B Seats
These seats will be filled by the institute as per the G.Os Issued by State
Government from time to time.
1.1.3 Category: Lateral Entry
The candidate shall be admitted into the Third Semester, (2nd year, Ist
Semester) based on the rank secured by the candidate at Engineering
Common Entrance Test (ECET (FDH)) by the Convener, ECET.
2. Distribution and Weightage of Marks
i. The performance of a student in each Semester shall be evaluated subject –
wise with a maximum of 100 marks for theory and 100 marks for
practical subjects. In addition, an Industry oriented mini-project, Seminar,
Comprehensive viva-voce, and Project Work shall be evaluated for 100, 100,
100 and 200 marks respectively.
ii. For theory subjects the distribution shall be 30 marks for Mid Semester
Evaluation and 70 marks for the End Semester Examination.
For theory subjects, two mid examinations will be conducted in each
Semester as per the academic calendar. Each mid examination is evaluated
for 25 marks.
For the Mid-Examination the Distribution of Marks (25 Marks) as follows
Part-A: - 4 Marks (4X1 Marks) Compulsory
6 Marks (3X2 Marks) Compulsory
Part-B:- 15 Marks (3X5 Marks) 3 out of 4 QuestionsAssignment
Test/Assignment: - Two assignments are to be given to students covering
the syllabus of First Mid and Second Mid Examinations respectively and are
evaluated for 5 marks each.
The first assignment shall be submitted after first mid examinations and
second Assignment should be submitted after second mid examination.
At the end of the Semester, Internal Marks (Maximum 30) for the respective
subject is assigned as follows:
(a) 25 marks: 80% from the best performed mid examination and 20% from
the other mid examination.
(b) 5 marks: Average of the two assignments/assignment tests
iii. For practical subjects there shall be a continuous evaluation during the
Semester for 30 marks and 70 marks for end examination. Out of the 30
marks, day-to-day work in the laboratory shall be evaluated for 10
marks, and 10 marks for practical examination and 10 marks for laboratory
record.
NOTE: A. Student who is absent for any assignment/Mid-term examination for
any reason what so ever shall be deemed to have secured ‘zero’ marks
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in the test/examination and no makeup test/examination shall be
conducted.
B. If any student absent for mid exam due to Medical/Acute illness
same may be reported in advance to Head of the Department in writing
with a request to reconduct the mid-term examination. The committee
consisting of HOD/Dean-Academics/Dean-Examinations will take the
final decision on the conduct of mid-term examination.
iv For the subjects having design and / or drawing, (such as Engineering
Graphics, Engineering Drawing, Machine Drawing, Production Drawing
Practice, and Estimation etc.,) the distribution shall be 30 marks for internal
evaluation (15 marks for day-to-day work and 15 marks for Mid
examination (the average of the two examinations will be taken into account)
and 70 marks for end semester examination.
V There shall be an industry-oriented mini-Project, in collaboration with an
industry of their specialization, to be taken up during the summer vacation
after III year II Semester examination. The industry orientedmini project
shall be evaluated during the IV year I Semester. The industry oriented
mini project shall be submitted in report form and should be presented before
a committee, which shall be evaluated for 100 marks. The committee
consists of Head of the Department, the supervisor of mini project and a
senior faculty member of the department. There shall be no mid-term
assessment for industry oriented mini project. However, attending the
shadow engineering program is a pre – requisite for evaluating industry
– oriented mini project. Students should submit a report on Course
Outcomes of the shadow engineering and Engineer in Mirror. Every student
should attend shadow engineering and Engineer in Mirror programme in an
industry for not more than a week days during second year and third year
respectively.
vi. There shall be a Seminar presentation in IV year II Semester. For the
Seminar, the student shall collect the information on a specialized topic other
than the project topic and prepare a technical report, showing his
understanding of the topic, and submit to the department, which shall be
evaluated by a Departmental committee consisting of the Head of the
department, Seminar supervisor and a senior faculty member. The seminar
will be evaluated for 100 marks based on the report and presentation
made.
vii. There shall be a Comprehensive Viva-Voce in IV year II Semester. The
Comprehensive Viva-Voce will be conducted by a Committee consisting of
the Head of the Department and three Senior Faculty members of the
Department after submitting M.T.P record in complete. The
Comprehensive Viva-Voce is aimed to assess the student’s understanding in
various subjects studied during the B.Tech course of study. The
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Comprehensive Viva-Voce is evaluated for 100 marks by the Committee.
There will be no Midterm assessment for the Comprehensive viva-voce.
viii. The Project work shall be started by the student in the beginning of the IV
year I Semester. Out of a total of 200 marks for the project work, 60 marks
shall be for Midterm Evaluation and 140 marks for the Semester end
Examination. The viva-voce shall be conducted by a committee comprising
of an external examiner, Head of the Department and the project supervisor
and one senior faculty. The evaluation of project work shall be conducted at
the end of the IV year II Semester. TheMidterm Evaluation shall be on
the basis of three Seminars conducted during the IV year II Semester
for 30 marks by the committee consisting of Head of the Department,
project supervisor and senior faculty member of the Department and for
30 marks by the supervisor of the project.
3. Semester end Examination
(a) Theory Courses
Each course is evaluated for 70 marks. Examination is of 3 hours duration.
Question Paper Pattern is as follows
Part A:- 30 Marks Compulsory
5X1Marks (One question from each unit)
Part B:- 40 Marks (4 out of 6 questions) (At least one question from
each unit)
(b) Practical Courses
Each lab course is evaluated for 70 marks. The examination shall be
conducted by the laboratory teacher and another senior teacher concerned
with the subject of the same/other department/Industry. One of examiner will
be appointed by the Controller of Examinations in consultation with HOD as
and when required and is evaluated as per standard format.
(c) Supplementary Examinations
Supplementary Examinations will be conducted for the current semester after
the declaration of the results of the regular examination of that semester.
4. Attendance Requirements
i. A student shall be eligible to appear for the Semester end examinations if he
/ she acquire a minimum of 75% of attendance in aggregate of all the
subjects for Semester.
ii. Condonation of shortage of attendance in aggregate up to 10% (65% and
above and below 75%) in a semester may be granted by Institute
Academic Committee.
iii. A student will not be permitted to write the end examination and not promoted
to the next Semester unless he satisfies the attendance requirement of the
present Semester, as applicable. He may seek re-admission for that
Semester when offered next.
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iv. Shortage of Attendance below 65% in aggregate shall in NO case be
condoned.
v. Students whose shortage of attendance is not condoned / not paid the
stipulated fee in any Semester are not eligible to take their end semester
examination of that Semester.
5. Minimum Academic Requirements
The following academic requirements have to be satisfied in addition to the
attendance requirements mentioned in itemNo.4.
i. A student shall be deemed to have satisfied the minimum academic
requirements and earned the credits allotted to each theory or practical
design or drawing subject or project, if he secures not less than 35% (25 out
of 70 marks) of marks in the end examination and a minimum of 40% of
marks in the sum total of the Midterm evaluation and end semester
examination taken together.
ii. A student shall be promoted from II to III year only if he fulfills the academic
requirement of getting 50 credits from the examinations held upto II Year
II Semester including Supplementary examinations of II B.Tech II
Semester.
iii. A student shall be promoted from III year to IV year only if he fulfills the
academic requirement of getting a total of 75 credits from the
examinations held upto III Year II Semester including Supplementary
examinations of III B.Tech II Semester .
Iv. A student shall register and put up minimum academic requirement in all 200
credits and earn atleast 192 credits. Marks obtained in these credits shall be
considered for the calculation of Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)
and percentage of marks.
v. The student should obtain two certificate courses during his/her course of
study
vi. Students who fail to earn atleast 192 credits as indicated in the course
structure within eight academic years from the year of their admission
shall forfeit their seat in B.Tech. Course and their admission stand
Cancelled.
6. Course pattern
i. The entire course of study is of four academic years. All I, II, III and IV years
are of Semester pattern.
ii. A student eligible to appear for the end semester examination in a subject,
but absent or has failed in the end semester examination may reappear for
that subject at the supplementary examination whenever conducted.
iii. When a student is detained due to shortage of attendance in any Semester,
he may be re-admitted into that Semester when it is offered next, with the
academic regulations of the batch into which he gets readmitted.
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iv. When a student is detained due to lack of credits in any year, he may be
eligible for promotion to the next year after obtaining required number of
credits and fulfillment of the academic requirements.
Award of B.Tech. Degree and Class
A student will be declared eligible for the award of the B. Tech. Degree if
he/she fulfils the following academic regulations:
i) Pursued a course of study for not less than four academic years and not
more than eight academic years.
ii) Registered for 200 credits and secured a minimum of 192 credits with
compulsory subjects as listed in Table.
Table: Compulsory Subjects

Serial Number Subject Particulars
1. All Practical Subjects
2. Industry oriented mini project
3. Comprehensive Viva-Voce
4. Seminar
5. Project work
iii) The student should obtain two certificate courses during his/her course of
study
NOTE: Students, who fail to fulfill all the academic requirements for the award of
the degree within eight academic years from the year of their
admission, shall forfeit their seat in B.Tech. Course.
7. CGPA System:
Method of awarding absolute grades and grade points:
The absolute grading method is followed, based on the total marks
obtained in internal and external examinations. Grades and grade points are
assigned as per the Table given below
B.Tech Program: The Absolute Grading Method is followed, based on the total marks
obtained in internal and external examinations. Grades and Grade points are assigned
as given below
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Marks Obtained Grade Description Grade Points(GP)
of Grade Value Per Credit
>=90 O Outstanding 10.00
>=80 and <89.99 A+ Excellent 9.00

>=70 and <79.99 A Very Good 8.00
>=60 and <69.99 B Good 7.00
>=50 and <59.99 C Fair 6.00
>=40 and <49.99 D Pass 5.00
<40 F Remedial
Not Appeared the N Absent

Exam(s)
The student is eligible for the award of the B.Tech degree with the class as
mentioned in the Table.
CGPA CLASS
>= 7.5 First Class with Distinction
>= 6.5 and <7.5 First class
>= 5.5 and < 6.5 Second Class
>=5.0 and < 5.5 Pass class
Calculation of Semester Grade Points Average (SGPA):

The performance of each student at the end of the each semester is indicated in terms
of SGPA. The SGPA is calculated as below:
Total Earned Weighted Grade Po int s for that Semester

SGPA =
Total Credits for the Semester
∑ Ci ∗ Gi
i =1
SGPA = p
∑ Ci
i =1
Where ‘Ci’ = Number of Credits allotted to particular subject ‘I’

‘Gi’ = Grade Point corresponding to the letter grade awarded in that subject ‘i”
‘i”= 1,2,…..P represent the number of subjects for that particular semester
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* SGPA is calculated and awarded for the candidates who pass all the courses in
a semester.
Calculation of Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) for Entire Programme.
The CGPA is calculated as below:
Assessment of the overall performance of a student is obtained by calculating
Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), which is weighted average of the
grade points obtained in all subjects during the course of study.
m
∑ Ci ∗ Gi
i =1
CGPA = m
∑ Ci
i =1
Where Ci= Number of credits allotted to a particular subject ‘I”

Gi = Grade Point corresponding to the letter grade awarded in that subject ‘i”
I= 1,2,….m represent the number of subjects of the entire program.
Grade lower than D in any subject is not considered for CGPA calculation. The
CGPA is awarded only when the student acquires the required number of credits
prescribed for the program.
Grade Card
The grade card issued shall contain the following:
a) The credits for each subject offered in that semester
b) The letter grade and grade point awarded in each subject
c) The SGPA/CGPA
d) Total number of credits earned by the student up to the end of that semester.
e) Award list indicating the marks awarded to the student.
8. Withholding of Results
If the student has not paid dues to College, or if any case of indiscipline is
pending against him, the result of the candidate may be withheld. The award or
issue of the Degree may also be withheld in such cases.
9. Transitory Regulations
Students who have discontinued or have been detained for want of attendance or
any other academic requirements, may be considered for readmission as and
when they become eligible. They have to take up Equivalent subjects, as
substitute subject in place of repetition of subjects as decided by the BoS
chairman of the respective department. He/She will be admitted under the
regulation of the batch in which he/she is readmitted.
10. Minimum Instruction Days
The minimum instruction days for each Semester shall be 90 instruction days.
11. There shall be no branch transfers after the completion of admission process.
12. The decision of the Institute Academic Committee will be final in respect of
equivalent subjects for those students who are transferred from other
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colleges. The transfer of students from other college or from this institute
is to approved by the Governing Council.
13. General
i. Where the words “he”, “him”, “his”, occur in the regulations, they include “
she”, “her”, “hers”.
ii. The academic regulations should be read as a whole for the purpose of any
interpretation.
iii. In the case of any discrepancy/ambiguity/doubt arises in the above rules and
regulations, the decision of the Principal shall be final.
iv. The Chairmen Academic Council may change or amend any or all of the
academic regulations or syllabi at any time and the changes or amendments
made shall be applicable to all the students concerned with effect from the
dates notified by the College.
14. Academic Regulations for B.Tech. (Lateral Entry Scheme)
(Applicable for students admitted from the academic year 2013-2014)
(i) Registered for 150 credits and secured a minimum of 142 credits with
compulsory subjects as listed in table.
Table: Compulsory Subjects

Serial Number Subject Particulars
1. All Practical Subjects
2. Industry oriented mini project
3. Comprehensive Viva-Voce
4. Seminar
5. Project work
(ii) A student who fails to earn a minimum of 142 credits as indicated in the
course structure within six academic years from the year of their admission
shall forfeit their seat in B.Tech. programme and their admission stands
cancelled.
(iii) The same attendance regulations are adopted as that of B.Tech. Four year
degree course.
(iv) A student shall be promoted from Third year to Fourth year only on fulfilling
the academic requirements of securing 50 credits from the examinations held
upto III B.Tech II Semester including Supplementary Examinations.
(v) All other regulations as applicable to B.Tech. four year degree course will
hold good for B.Tech. (Lateral Entry Scheme).
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15. Malpractice Rules
Disciplinary Action for Malpractices/Improper Conduct in Examinations
Nature of Malpractices/Improper Punishment
conduct
If the candidate:
1. (a) Possesses or keeps accessible in Expulsion from the examination hall
examination hall, any paper, note and cancellation of the performance in
book, programmable calculators, Cell that subject only.
phones, pager, palm computers or
any other form of material concerned
with or related to the subject of the
examination (theory or practical) in
which he is appearing but has not
made use of (material shall include
any marks on the body of the
candidate which can be used as an
aid in the subject of the examination)
(b)Gives assistance or guidance or Expulsion from the examination hall
receives it from any other candidate and cancellation of the performance in
orally or by any other body language that subject only of all the candidates
methods or communicates through involved. In case of an outsider, he
cell phones with any candidate or will be handed over to the police and
persons in or outside the exam hall in a case is registered against him.
respect of any matter.
2. Has copied in the examination hall Expulsion from the examination hall
from any paper, book, programmable and cancellation of the performance in
calculators, palm computers or any that subject and all other subjects the
other form of material relevant to the candidate has already appeared
subject of the examination (theory or including practical examinations and
practical) in which the candidate is project work and shall not be
appearing. permitted to appear for the remaining
examinations of the subjects of that
Semester/year.
The Hall Ticket of the candidate is to
be cancelled.
3. Impersonates any other candidate in The candidate who has impersonated
connection with the examination. shall be expelled from examination
hall. The candidate is also debarred
and forfeits the seat. The performance
of the original candidate who has
been impersonated, shall be
cancelled in all the subjects of the
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examination (including practicals and
project work) already appeared and
shall not be allowed to appear for
examinations of the remaining
subjects of that semester/year. The
candidate is also debarred for two
consecutive semesters from class
work and all end semester
examinations. The continuation of the
course by the candidate is subject to
the academic regulations in
connection with forfeiture of seat. If
the imposter is an outsider, he will be
handed over to the police and a case
is registered against him.
4. Smuggles the Answer book or Expulsion from the examination hall
additional sheet or takes out or and cancellation of performance in
arranges to send out the question that subject and all the other subjects
paper during the examination or the candidate has already appeared
answer book or additional sheet, including practical examinations and
during or after the examination. project work and shall not be
permitted for the remaining
semester/year. The candidate is also
debarred for two consecutive
semesters from class work and all
end semester examinations. The
continuation of the course by the
candidate is subject to the academic
regulations in connection with
forfeiture of seat.
5. Uses objectionable, abusive or Cancellation of the performance in
offensive language in the answer that subject.
paper or in letters to the examiners or
writes to the examiner requesting him
to award pass marks.
6. Refuses to obey the orders of the In case of students of the college,
Chief Superintendent/Assistant – they shall be expelled from
Superintendent / any officer on duty or examination halls and cancellation of
misbehaves or creates disturbance of their performance in that subject and
any kind in and around the all other subjects the candidate(s) has
examination hall or organizes a walk (have) already appeared and shall not
out or instigates others to walk out, or be permitted to appear for the
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threatens the officer-in charge or any remaining examinations of the
person on duty in or outside the subjects of that semester/year. The
examination hall of any injury to his candidates are also debarred and
person or to any of his relations forfeit their seats. In case of
whether by words, either spoken or outsiders, they will be handed over to
written or by signs or by visible the police and a police case is
representation, assaults the officer-in- registered against them.
charge, or any person on duty in or
outside the examination hall or any of
his relations, or indulges in any other
act of misconduct or mischief which
result in damage to or destruction of
property in the examination hall or any
part of the College campus or
engages in any other act which in the
opinion of the officer on duty amounts
to use of unfair means or misconduct
or has the tendency to disrupt the
orderly conduct of the examination.
7. Leaves the exam hall taking away Expulsion from the examination hall
answer script or intentionally tears of and cancellation of performance in
the script or any part thereof inside or that subject and all the other subjects
outside the examination hall. the candidate has already appeared
including practical examinations and
project work and shall not be
debarred for two consecutive
semesters from class work and all
end semester examinations including
supplementary Examinations. The
continuation of the course by the
candidate is subject to the academic
regulations in connection with
forfeiture of seat.
8. Possess any lethal weapon or firearm Expulsion from the examination hall
in the examination hall. and cancellation of the performance in
that subject and all other subjects the
candidate has already appeared
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debarred and forfeits the seat.
9. If student of the college, who is not a If the student belongs to the college,
candidate for the particular expulsion from the examination hall
examination or any person not and cancellation of the performance in
connected with the college indulges in that subject and all other subjects the
any malpractice or improper conduct candidate has already appeared
mentioned in clause 6 to 8. including practical examinations and
debarred and forfeits the seat.
Person(s) who do not belong to
the College will be handed over to
police and, a police case will be
registered against them.
10. Comes in a drunken condition to the Expulsion from the examination hall
examination hall. and cancellation of the performance in
that subject and all other subjects the
candidate has already appeared
semester/year.
11. Copying detected on the basis of Cancellation of the performance in
internal evidence, such as, during that subject and all other subjects the
valuation or during special scrutiny. candidate has appeared including
practical examinations and project
work of that semester/year.
12. If any malpractice is detected which is
not covered in the above clauses 1 to
11 shall be reported to the academic
council of the Institute for further
action to award suitable punishment.
Malpractices identified by squad or special invigilators

Punishments to the candidates as per the above guidelines.
Malpractice identified at Spot center during valuation
The following procedure is to be followed in the case of malpractice cases detected
during valuation, scrutiny etc. at spot center.
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1) Malpractice is detected at the spot valuation. The case is to be referred to the
malpractice committee. Malpractice committee will meet and
discuss/question the candidate and based on the evidences, the committee
will recommend suitable action on the candidate.
2) A notice is to be served to the candidate(s) involved through the Principal to
his address and to the candidate(s) permanent address regarding the
malpractice and seek explanations.
3) The involvement of staff who are in charge of conducting examinations,
invigilators valuing examination papers and preparing / keeping records of
documents relating to the examinations in such acts (inclusive of providing in
correct or misleading information) that infringe upon the course of natural
justice to one and all concerned at the examinations shall be viewed
seriously and recommended for award of appropriate punishment after
thorough enquire.
4) Based on the explanation and recommendation of the committee action may
be initiated.
5) Malpractice committee:
i. Principal Chairman
ii. Controller of Examinations Convener
iii. Invigilator Member
iv. Chief Examiner of the subject/subject expert Member
v. Concerned Heads of the Department Member
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Vision and Mission Statement of the ECE Department:
Vision: A resource center to impart technical education with high pattern of

discipline through our dedicated staffs who shall set global standards, making our
students technologically superior and ethically strong, who in turn shall improve
the quality of life.
Mission: To facilitate young Engineers to acquire technical exposure in the areas

of Electronics and Communication Engineering, provide World Class Education,
nurture career improvement and develop human and social intellectual qualities
necessary for the successful practice of the profession.
Program Educational Objectives:
Demonstrate outstanding educational and analytical skills to analyze and solve

real time problems in the field of Electronics and Communication Engineering
1) To produce Electronics and Communication Engineering Professionals with a

solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and Technology which is essential to
solve engineering problems.
2) To train students in good scientific and engineering practices so that they

comprehend, analyze, design, and create novel products and offer solutions for
industry specific processes and real life problems.
3) To prepare students to adopt the learning culture needed for a successful

professional career by encouraging them to acquire higher qualifications, take up
research and keep abreast of latest technological developments.
4) To inculcate organizing and managerial skills essential for professional growth.
5) To develop the consciousness among students towards universal moral values

and professional ethics while developing innovative solutions to meet the societal
needs.
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Program Outcomes:
1. An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering as
appropriate to the field of electronics and communication engineering
practice.
2. An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as analyze and
interpret the data.
3. An ability to design a system or process to meet the real life and societal
problems.
4. An ability to perform investigations, design as well as conduct experiments,
analyze and interpret the results to provide valid conclusions.
5. An ability to select and apply appropriate techniques for the design & analysis
of systems using modern CAD tools.
6. An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems in the context
of health safety and legal issues of the society.
7. An ability to understand the effects of the engineering solutions in a global,
economic, environmental and societal context.
8. An ability to develop consciousness of professional, ethical and social
responsibilities as experts in the field of Electronics and Communication
Engineering.
9. An ability to perform effectively as a member/leader in multidisciplinary
teams.
10. An ability to communicate effectively with both the peers and the others, and
give as well receives clear instructions.
11. An ability to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering
and management principles to manage projects in multidisciplinary
environment.
12. An ability to demonstrate resourcefulness to resolve contemporary issues
and acquire lifelong learning.
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VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering & Technology
B. TECH ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Regulations- R13
I YEAR I SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE
Subject Code Subject Name Lectures T/P/D Credits

13MTH001 Advanced Calculus 3 1 3
13PHY001 Engineering Physics 3 1 3
13ENG001 English 3 0 3
13CSE001 Computer Programming 4 0 4
13CED004 Environmental Studies 3 0 3

13MED176 Engineering Drawing 2 4 4
English Language
13ENG101 0 3 2
Communication Skills Laboratory
Computer Programming
13CSE101 0 3 2
Laboratory
13MED103 IT and Engineering Workshop 0 3 2
Total 18 15 26
I YEAR II SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

Linear Algebra and Ordinary
13MTH002 3 1 3
Differential Equations
13MTH003 Numerical analysis and Linear
3 1 3
Programming
13PHY003 Advanced Engineering Physics 3 1 3
13CHE001 Engineering Chemistry 3 0 3
13EEE001 Circuit Theory 4 1 4
13ITD002 Data Structures 4 1 4
Engineering Physics and
13EPC101 0 3 2
Chemistry Laboratory
13ITD102 Data Structures Laboratory 0 3 2
Total 20 11 24
* T/P/D: Tutorial/Practical/Drawing Practice
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VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology
II YEAR I SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

Subject Subject Name Lectures T/P/D Credits
Code
Special Functions and Complex
13MTH009 3 1 3
Analysis
13ECE001 Electronic Devices and Circuits 4 1 4
13ECE002 Probability Theory and
4 0 4
Stochastic Processes
13EIE001 Signals and Systems 4 1 4
13EEE077 Principles of Electrical
4 0 4
Engineering
13ECE101 Electronic Devices and Circuits
0 3 2
Laboratory
13ECE102 Basic Simulation Laboratory 0 3 2
13EEE177 Electrical Engineering
0 3 2
Laboratory
Total 19 12 25
II YEAR II SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

Code
13ECE003 Switching Theory and Logic
4 1 4
Design
13ECE004 Electronic Circuit Analysis 4 1 4
13ECE005 Electromagnetic Theory and
4 1 4
Transmission Lines
13EIE004 Pulse and Digital Circuits 3 1 3
13ECE006 Analog Communications 4 0 4
13ECE103 Electronic Circuits Analysis
0 3 2
Laboratory
13ECE104 Analog Communications
0 3 2
Laboratory
13EIE102 Pulse and Digital Circuits
0 3 2
Laboratory
Total 19 13 25
19
III YEAR I SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

13ITD004 Computer Organization

3 1 3
13EIE006 Linear and Digital IC

4 0 4
Applications
13ECE007 Digital Communications 4 1 4
13ECE008 Antennas and Wave
4 0 4
Propagation
13EEE008 Control Systems
4 0 4
13ENG102 Advanced English
Communication Skills 0 3 2
Laboratory
13EIE104 Linear and digital IC
0 3 2
Applications Laboratory
13ECE105 Digital Communications
0 3 2
Laboratory
Total 19 11 25
20
III YEAR II SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE
13CMS001 Business Economics and

4 0 4
Financial Analysis
13ECE009 Microprocessors and
4 1 4
Microcontrollers
13ECE010 Digital Signal Processing 3 1 3
13ECE011 Microwave Engineering 4 0 4
13EIE024 Electronic Measurements and
3 1 3
Instrumentation
Open Elective
13ITD005 JAVA Programming
13CSE012 Cyber Security
13EEE015 Renewable Energy Sources 3 0 3
13CED037 Disaster Management
13CSE030 Professional Ethics and Human
Values
13ECE106 Microprocessors and
0 3 2
Microcontrollers Laboratory
13ECE107 Digital Signal Processing
0 3 2
Laboratory
Total 21 9 25
21
IV YEAR I SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

Code
13ECE012 VLSI Design 4 0 4
13 ITD006 Computer Networks 4 0 4
13CMS002 Management Science 4 0 4
13ECE013 Elective – I
Digital Image Processing
13ECE014 Optical Communications
13ECE015 Television and Video
Engineering 3 0 3
13CSE076 Relational Data Base
Management Systems
13EEE024 Artificial Neural Networks
and Fuzzy Logic
Elective – II
13ECE016 RADAR Systems
13ECE017 Telecommunication
Switching Systems
3 0 3
13ECE018 Digital Design through
Verilog
13ITD021 Cloud Computing
13ITD008 Operating Systems
13ECE108 Microwave Engineering

0 3 2
Laboratory
13ECE109 ECAD and VLSI Laboratory 0 3 2
13ECE201 Industry Oriented Mini
0 4 2
Project
13ECE203 Technical Seminar
0 3 2
Total 18 13 26
*Major Project initiated in I.Sem and Evaluated in II.Sem

22
IV YEAR II SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

Subject
Subject Name Lectures T/P/D Credits
Code
13ECE019 Cellular and Mobile
4 0 4
Communications
Elective –III
13ECE021 DSP Processors and
Architectures
13ECE022 Satellite Communications
13ECE023 Embedded Real Time Operating
Systems 3 0 3
13ECE027 Basics in Nano Science and
Technology
13CSE013 Cryptography and Network
Security
Elective – IV
13ECE020 Speech Processing
13ECE024 Spread Spectrum
Communications
3 0 3
13ECE025 Adhoc Wireless Networks
13ECE026 CPLD and FPGA Architectures

13EIE007 Bio-Medical Instrumentation
13ECE202 Project Work 0 18 12

13ECE204 Comprehensive Viva-Voce 0 0 2
Total 10 18 24

Note: All End Examinations (Theory and Practical/ Drawing) are of three
hours duration.
23
I Year B.Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C

3 1 3
(13MTH001) ADVANCED CALCULUS

Course Objectives
• Understand Taylor’s theorem and its application to maxima and minima of
f(x,y)
• Understand the process of curve sketching
• Understand multiple integrals and its applications
• Apply the integral theorems of vector calculus.
Course Outcomes
After going through this course the student will be able to
• Solve problems involving the maxima and minima of f(x,y).
• Apply the curve tracing concepts to find arc length of curves, surface area,
volume of solids of revolution.
• Evaluate the multiple integrals using appropriate change of variables.
• Verify the integral theorems.
UNIT I
CALCULUS OF ONE AND SEVERAL REAL VARIABLES
Mean value thoerems – Rolle’s Thoerem, Lagrange’s Mean value thoerem Cauchy’s
Mean value theorem , Taylor’s expansion and McLaurin’s expansion of functions
(without proofs).
Partial differentiation, partial derivatives of first and second order in terms of partial
derivaties, Jacobian, Euler’s theorem on homogeneous functions, change of variables,
Taylor’s theorem of two variables(without proof) and its application. Maxima and
Minima of two variables, Langrange’s method of undeterrmined multipliers.
UNIT II
CURVE TRACING AND RELATED APPLICATIONS
Curvature of curves in Cartesian, parametric and polar coordinates. Tracing of curves
in Cartesian, parametric and polar coordinates (like conics, astroid, hypocycloid,
Folium of Descartes, Cycloid, Circle, Cardiode, Lemniscate). Applications -finding area
under the curves, Length of the curves, volume and surface area of solids of revolution
UNIT III
MULTIPLE INTEGRALS
Introduction of Multiple integrals , evaluation of double and triple integrals, change of
order of integration change of variables , Cylindrical and Spherical polar coordinates.
Application to evaluation of plane areas, volumes and surface areas of solids of
revolution.
24
UNIT IV
VECTOR DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Scalar and Vector point functions, Gradient, Divergence, Curl with geometrical &
physical interpretation, Directional derivatives, Properties.
UNIT V
VECTOR INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Line integrals and application to Work done and Circulation, Scalar potential function,
Surface integrals and Volume integrals, Gauss divergence theorem, Green’s theorem ,
Stokes’ theorem (theorems without proof).
TEXT BOOKS
1. Higher Engineering Mathematics – by B. S. Grewal,Khanna publishers
2. Calculus and Analytic Geometry by Thomas and Finney, 9th edition;
Publisher: Pearson Education.
REFERENCES
1. Elementary Analysis: The Theory of Calculus by Kenneth Ross; Publisher:
Springer
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig, 8th edition; Publisher:
John Wiley.
3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Peter ‘O’ Neil, publisher: Cengage
Learning .
4. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by R.K.Jain and S.R.K.Iyengar; Narosa
Publications
25

3 1 3
(13PHY001) ENGINEERING PHYSICS

Course Objectives
• To supplement and enhance the basic concepts in Physics essentially
required in the study of materials as well as interaction of light with matter,
interaction of light with matter through physical phenomena like interference,
diffraction and polarization.
• To know and understand some important applications of lasers and optical
fibers.
• To learn the importance of wave and particle nature of light and to
understand the behavior of an electron in one dimensional potential box.
• To understand the effect of temperature on Fermi Dirac Distribution Function
and also learn the behavior of an electron in a periodic potential, the new
concept of Effective mass of an electron and to know the classification of
materials into conductors, semiconductors and insulators.
Course Outcomes
• Understand the Phenomenon of Interference, Diffraction and Polarization.
• Learn the principle, working, construction and energy mechanism of various
lasers and their applications explain the light signal propagation and
attenuation through optical fiber.
• Understand the differences between particle and wave nature, energy states
in one dimensional potential box and also the Consequences of Heisenberg’s
Uncertainty principle.
• Understand the one dimensional Schrodinger’s wave equation and the effect
of temperature on Fermi-Dirac Distribution, Kronig Penny model.
UNIT I
INTERFERENCE
Superposition principle, resultant amplitude, coherence, methods to obtain coherent
sources, interference, Young’s double slit experiment, interference in thin films by
reflection, Newton’s rings Experiment.
DIFFRACTION-I
Distinguish between Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction, diffraction at single slit
(Qualitative and Quantitative (Phasors approach)).
26
UNIT II
DIFFRACTION-II
Diffraction at double slit, circular aperture, and multiple slits (grating)( Qualitative
Approach), Resolution of spectral lines, Rayleigh criterion, and resolving power of
grating.
POLARIZATION
Polarization phenomenon, Brewster’s Law and Malus law, examples, types of
polarization, double refraction, Nicol prism, Quarter and Half wave plates.
UNIT III
LASERS
Characteristics of Lasers – Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission of radiation, meta
stable state, population inversion, lasing action, Einstein’s coefficients and relation
between them –– Ruby Laser – Helium-Neon Laser –Semiconductor Laser –
Applications of lasers.
FIBER OPTICS
Principle of optical fiber and properties – Acceptance angle and acceptance cone –
Numerical aperture –Types of fibers and refractive index profiles – Qualitative analysis
of attenuation in optical fibers –Application of optical fibers.
UNIT IV
ELEMENTS OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS
Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics (non-mathematical
treatment); Photon gas, Planck’s law of black body radiation; Deduction of Wien’s law
and Rayleigh-Jeans law from Plank’s law.
PRINCIPLES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS
Waves and particles – De Broglie hypothesis - Matter waves - Davisson and Germer
experiment –Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle - Schrodinger Wave Equation – Wave
function and its Physical Significance - Particle in one dimensional potential box(wave
functions, probability densities and energy states).
UNIT V
FREE ELECTRON FERMI GAS
Energy levels in one dimension, Effect of temperature on the Fermi-Dirac distribution,
Free electron gas in three dimensions, electrical conductivity & Ohm’s law, Electrical
Resistivity of Metals (Qualitative).
BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS
Electron in a periodic potential; Bloch Theorem; Kronig-Penney model (non-
mathematical treatment); Origin of energy band formation in solids; Classification of
materials into conductors, semiconductors & Insulators; and Concept of effective mass
of an electron.
27
TEXT BOOKS
1. Physics vol.2, by Halliday, Resnick and Krane; John Wiley & Sons
2. Concepts of Modern physics by Arthur Beiser, McGraw Hill Inc.
3. Introduction to Solid State Physics by Charles Kittel : John Wiley & Sons
REFERENCES
1. Engineering Physics by R.K.Gaur and S.L.Gupta; Dhanpat Rai and Sons
2. Applied Physics by P.K.Mittal, IK International Publishing House (P) Ltd.
3. Optics by Ghatak and Thyagarajan, Tata Mc Graw
4. Engineering Physics by G Sahashra Buddhe; University Press
5. Elements of Solid State Physics by J.P.Srivatsva, PHI Publishers.
6. Introduction to Optical Communication by G. Keiser
7. Quantum Mechanics by Gupta Kumar Sharma
28
I Year B.Tech ECE- I Sem L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(13ENG001) ENGLISH
Introduction
This is the age of information and communication technologies. Engineers and
technical professionals need to convey technical information in English for various
purposes.
Besides learning general English as an international language, engineering students
need to be equipped with adequate writing ability so that they can communicate
technical information clearly on at least a basic level. A good English writing proficiency
can be a contributing factor to professional recognition and career prospects. This
course teaches those writing strategies that scientists, engineers, and others will need
in order to write successfully on the job. It initiates the students into Technical Writing.
The purposes of technical writing are to inform and persuade. This program aims to
train students in writing clear, concise and effective English.
This Syllabus is therefore, a Pragmatic English Writing Program for engineering
students with intermediate proficiency. The program covers a syllabus outline and
instructional approaches on basic writing skills with particular reference to technical
writing.
Course Objectives:
• To equip the students with all the LSRW skills for academic writing and
speaking.
• To equip the students with basic grammar, infrastructural patterns and
grammatical constructions required in technical writing as well as oral
communication.
• To acquaint the students with the writing process in preparation for academic
and workplace writing.
• Equip the students with the concept of coherence and cohesion for meaningful
and coherent communication.
Course Outcomes:
• Comprehend technical writing produced in the engineering profession
• Understand the writing process and create logical paragraphs
• Use infrastructural patterns in writing and speaking
• Students communicate coherently orally and in writing.
Methodology
A Task-based, process oriented methodology will be used by the teachers to give a
practical orientation to the teaching of language. An inductive approach will be used to
29
demonstrate the use of language in context. This should enable the students to
internalize the language structures and vocabulary used in context. Students will be
exposed to numerous examples and ample practice will be given in the contextual use
of language structures.
Syllabus Outline
Unit I : Review of Grammar
i) Common Errors v) Use of Articles and Prepositions
ii) Subject-Verb Agreement vi) Conjunctions
iii) Adverbs vii) pronoun reference
iv) Transitional elements
Unit II : Prose 1
1. Heaven’s Gate by Pico Iyer
2. The Connoisseur by Nergis Dalal
Unit III Reading and Writing Skills
i) Reading Comprehension -- Skimming & scanning
ii) Reading Comprehension -- Intensive reading
iii) Reading Comprehension -- Critical Analysis
iv) Paragraph Writing
v) Letter Writing
vi) Memo Writing
Unit IV : Prose 2
1. The Cuddalore Experience by Anu George
2. The Odds Against Us by Satyajit Ray
Unit V : Advanced Writing Skills
1. Comparison and Contrast Pattern
2. Cause and Effect Pattern
3. Classification
4. Analogy
5. Problem-Solution Pattern
Prescribed Text Books
1. Enjoying Everyday English by A. Ramakrishna Rao
2. Effective Technical Communication by Ashraf Rizvi
3. Technical Writing Process and Product by Gerson Sharon J. and Steven
Gerson 3rd edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall 1999
References
1. M. Raman and S. Sharma, 2004; Technical Communication : Principles and
Practices, OUP, (Indian Edition)
2. Blanton, L.L. 1993; Composition Practice, Book 4 ,Second Edition, Heinle &
Heinle Publishers, pp. 54
3. Georges, T.M. 1996; A course in Analytical Writing for Science and
Technology,
http://www.mspiggy.etl.noaa.gov/write/
30
I Year B. Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C

4 0 4
(13CSE001) COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

Course Objectives
• Learn how to write modular, efficient and readable C programs
• Declare and manipulate single and multi-dimensional arrays of the C data
types.
• Describe the techniques for creating program modules in C using functions
and recursive functions.
• Create and manage derived data types and perform operations on files.
• Utilize pointers and dynamic memory allocation functions to efficiently solve
problems
Course Outcomes
• Write, compile and debug programs in C language.
• Use different data types in a computer program.
• Design programs involving decision structures, loops ,arrays and functions.
• Explain the difference between call by value and call by reference
• Understand the dynamics of memory by the use of pointers.
• Use different file operations to create/update basic data files.
UNIT I
Computer fundamentals-Hardware, software, computer language , translators,
Program Development steps-Algorithms, Pseudo code, flow charts, basic Linux
commands ,Introduction to C Language – History, Simple C Program, Identifiers, Basic
data types, user defined data types, Variables, Constants, type qualifiers, Managing
Input / Output, Operators, Expressions, Precedence and Associativity, Expression
Evaluation, Type conversions, Simple C Programming examples.
UNIT II
Selection Statements – if and switch statements, Repetitive statements – while, for, do-
while statements, C Programming examples, other statements related to looping –
break, continue, go to, C Programming examples.
Arrays– Basic concepts, one-dimensional arrays, two – dimensional arrays,
multidimensional arrays, C programming examples.
UNIT III
Introduction to Structured Programming, Functions- basics, user defined functions,
inter function communication, Standard functions, Storage classes-auto, register,
31
static, extern, scope rules, arrays to functions, recursive functions, example C
programs.
Strings – Basic concepts, String Input / Output functions, arrays of strings, string
handling functions, strings to functions, C programming examples.
UNIT IV
Derived types – Structures – Basic concepts, nested structures, arrays of structures,
structures and functions, unions, bit fields, C programming examples.
Pointers – Basic concepts, pointers and functions, pointers and strings, pointers and
arrays, pointers and structures, self-referential structures , example C programs.
UNIT – V
Preprocessor Directives, Dynamic Memory Allocation.
File I/O – Basic concepts, text files and binary files, file input / output operations, file
status functions (error handling), C programming examples, Command-Line
Arguments.
TEXT BOOKS
1. C programming A Problem-Solving Approach by Behrouz
A.Forouzan,E.V.Prasad,Richard F.GilbergC How to Program Paul Deitel
and Harvey Deitel , PH.
2. Computer Programming and Data Structures by E Balagurusamy, Tata
McGraw Hill.
REFERENCES
1. Let Us C Yashavant kanetkar BPB.
2. The C Programming Language by Brian W. Kernighan, Dennis M.
Ritchie.
3. Absolute beginner's guide to C, Greg M. Perry, Edition 2,Publisher:
Sams Pub., 1994.
32
I Year B. Tech ECE– I Sem L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(13CED004) ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Course Objectives:
• Develop an understanding of the necessity of protection of environment
• Develop an understanding of Natural resources
• Develop an understanding of Biodiversity
• Develop an understanding of Global Environmental problems and
Environmental pollution
Course Outcomes:
• Acquire the knowledge on environment
• Acquire the knowledge of various Natural Resources
• Develop skills in understanding of various environmental problems
• Develop skills to protect the Environment
UNIT-I
Environmental Studies:
Introduction, Definition, scope and importance, Ecosystems: Introduction, types,
characteristic features, structure and functions of ecosystems. Bio geo chemical cycle,
Classification of Eco system.
UNIT-II
Natural Resources :classification of Resources, Land resources, Land as resource,
Common property resources, Land degradation, Soil erosion and desertification,
Effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer –pesticide problems, Forest resources, Use and
over-exploitation.
Mining and dams – their effects on forest and tribal people, Water resources, Use and
over- utilization of surface and groundwater, Floods, droughts, Water logging and
salinity, Dams –benefits and costs, Conflicts over Water, Energy resources.
UNIT-III
Bio-diversity and its conservation, Value of bio-diversity -consumptive and productive
use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values, Bio-geographical classification of India
– India as a mega diversity habitat, Threats to bio-diversity –Hot-spots, habitat loss,
poaching of wild life, loss of species, seeds, etc. Conservation of bio-diversity – Insitu
and Ex-situ conservation.
33
UNIT-IV
Environmental Pollution –Local and Global Issues,Nature of thermal pollution and
nuclear hazards, Global warming, Acid rain,Ozone depletion., Environmental case
studies.
UNIT-V
Environmental Problems in India,Drinking water, sanitation and public health,Effects of
the activities on the quality of environment, Water scarcity and groundwater
depletion,Controversies on major dams – resettlement and rehabilitation of people:
problems and concerns,Rain water harvesting, cloud seeding and watershed
management. Economy and Environment,The economy and environment
interaction,Economics of development, preservation and conservation, Sustainability:
theory and practices,Limits to growth,Equitable use of resources for sustainable life
styles, Environmental Impact Assessment.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Environmental Science - Y.Anjaneyulu, B S Publications.
2. Environmental studies-Deeksha dave, Cengage learning India Pvt. Ltd.,
3. Environmental sciences and Engineering - P. Venugopal Rao, PHI learning Pvt.Ltd.
4. Environmental Science and Technology by M. Anji Reddy, B S Publications.
REFERENCES
1. Clark, R.S., Marine Pollution, Clanderson Press, Oxford, 2002.
2. Cunningham, W.P., et al. , Environmental Encyclopedia, Jaico Publishing House,
Mumbai, 2003.
34

2 4 4
(13MED176) ENGINEERING DRAWING

(Common to EEE, ECE, EIE, CSE & IT)
Course Prerequisites: Geometrical construction

Course Objectives:
• Understand the usage of drawing instruments.
• Understand the construction methods for drawing conic sections.
• Identify the significance of curves in engineering practice like bridges,
building, arches etc.
• Understand first and third angle projections and methods.
Course Outcomes:
• Visualize the objects looking into projections.
• Convert projections for isometric to orthographic and vice versa.
• Work with Auto CAD for the above
UNIT – I
Introduction to Engineering Drawing; Introduction to AutoCAD; Construction of Ellipse,
Parabola and Hyperbola – General and Special methods; Cycloidal curves.
UNIT – II
Projections of points; Projections of lines and planes – inclined to one plane and
inclined to both the planes.
UNIT – III
Projections of solids: Prism, Pyramid, Cylinder, Cone - axis inclined to one plane and
inclined to both the planes.
UNIT – IV
Isometric projections of lines, planes and simple solids.
UNIT – V
Conversion of orthographic views into isometric views and vice-versa.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Engineering Drawing By N.D.Bhatt.
2 Engineering Graphics By K.L. Narayana & P.Kannayya.
REFERENCES
1. Engineering Drawing and Graphics: Venugopal/ New age
2. Engineering Drawing: Johle / TMH
35

0 3 2
(13ENG101) ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION SKILLS LABORATORY

The English language Communication Skills Lab aims to provide practice in all the four
skills of LSRW, with a special emphasis on listening and speaking skills.
Course Objectives
• Provide ample practice in LSRW skills and train the students in oral
presentations, public speaking, role play and situational dialogue.
• Provide practice in word usage, grammatical construction, structural patterns,
and improve comprehension abilities in the students.
• Train students to use neutral pronunciation through phonetic sounds,
symbols, stress and intonation.
• Enable students to transfer information from verbal to graphic representation
and vice versa.
Course Outcomes
• Comprehend spoken and written discourse.
• Speak fluently with neutral pronunciation and exhibit interpersonal skills.
• Write accurately, coherently and lucidly making appropriate use of words
depending on context and present data clearly.
• Introduce one self to people and be able to speak extempore.
Syllabus for Lab Sessions

Unit 1
Multimedia Lab
1. Grammar : Nouns and Pronouns; Articles; The Present Tense
2. Vocabulary Lesson 1
3. Listening Comprehension
Communication Skills Lab: Introduction of Self and others
Unit 2
Multimedia Lab:
1. Grammar: Concord; Adjectives; The Past Tense
2. Vocabulary: Lesson 2
3. Listening Skills
Communication Skills Lab: Seeking and Giving Information, Giving and
Taking Instructions
36
Unit 3
Multimedia Lab
1. Grammar --- Adverbs, Conjunctions, Prepositions; The Future Tense
2. Vocabulary Lesson 3
3. Telephoning Skills
Communication Skills Lab: Role Play/ Situational Dialogues
Unit 4
Multimedia Lab:
1. Grammar ---- Active and Passive Voice; Language Analysis
2. Vocabulary : Lesson 4
3. Listening Comprehension
Communication Skills Lab: i) JAM/ Short Talk ii) Information
Transfer a) Interpretation of Graph
Unit 5
Multimedia Lab:
1. Introduction to Technical Writing
A. Definition of a Technical Term
B. Description of a Mechanism
C. Description of a Technical Process
2. Vocabulary : Lesson 5
Communication Skills Lab : Presentation Skills: Oral Presentation
Multimedia Lab Requirements

The English Language Lab shall have two parts:
i) The Computer aided Language Lab for 60 students with 60 systems, one
master console, LAN facility and English language software for self- study by
learners.
ii) The Communication Skills Lab with movable chairs and audio-visual aids
with a P.A System, a T. V., a digital stereo –audio & video system and
camcorder etc.
iii) System Requirement (Hardware component):
Computer network with Lan with minimum 60 multimedia systems with the
following specifications:
i) P – IV Processor
ii) Speed – 2.8 GHZ
iii) RAM – 512 MB Minimum
iv) Hard Disk – 80 GB
v) Headphones of High quality
iv) Suggested Software:
The software consisting of the prescribed topics elaborated above should be
procured and used.
37
List of Software:
Clarity Pronunciation Power – part II
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Compass, 7th Edition
DELTA’s key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test: Advanced Skill
Practice.
Lingua TOEFL CBT Insider, by Dreamtech
TOEFL & GRE (KAPLAN, AARCO & BARRONS, USA, Cracking GRE by
CLIFFS)
38
I Year B.Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/ D C

0 3 2
(13CSE101)COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LABORATORY

Course Objectives
• Gain a working knowledge of C programming to write modular, efficient and
readable C programs by Identifying the structural elements and layout of C
source code.
• Declare and manipulate single and multi-dimensional arrays of the C data
types and derived data types like structures, unions.
• Use functions from the portable C library and to describe the techniques for
creating program modules using functions and recursive functions.
• Manipulate character strings in C programs.Utilize pointers to efficiently solve
problems
• Allocate memory to variables dynamically and Perform operations on text and
binary files.
.
Course Outcomes
• Understand the basic terminology used in computer programming and to

write, compile and debug programs in C language.
• Design programs involving decision structures, loops, arrays and functions.
• Understand the dynamics of memory by the use of pointers.
• Use different file operations to create/update basic data files.
Week 1
a. Basic Linux commands
b. Simple C programs -to implement basic arithmetic operations – sum, average,
product, smallest, largest of the numbers, difference, quotient and remainder of given
numbers etc.
Week 2
Programs on if, else-if, nested if, else if ladder - largest and smallest of given numbers,
to find the grade of a student based on marks, roots of a quadratic equation etc.
Week 3
a. Programs on switch-case – to check the type of a given character, to find the grade
of a student etc.
39
b. Programs on while and do-while- to find factorial, Fibonacci series, GCD, sin(x),
cos(x) series , to check whether a given number is an Armstrong, Palindrome, Perfect,
number conversion, and Prime number etc.
Week 4
Programs on for loop- sum of n natural numbers, factorial, sin(x), to generate Pascal’s
triangle etc.
Week 5
a. Programs on nested loops – check for Fibonacci prime, Pyramids of numbers,
generationof prime numbers in the given range, multiplication table etc.
b. programs using break, go to, continue.
Week 6
a. Programs on 1-D array-finding Minimum and maximum element ,Sorting and
Searching etc.
b. Programs on 2-D array – Sum, product and Multiplication of two Matrices etc.
Week 7
a. Programs on Functions-Implementation of user defined functions categories,
passing of arrays to functions etc.
b. Programs on recursion - factorial of a given integer, GCD of two given integers etc.
Week 8
a. Programs on String handling functions-Copying, reverse, substring, concatenation.
b. Programs on structure and unions.
Week 9
Midterm exam
Week 10
Programs using pointers- pointer basic operations, pointers and functions etc
Week 11
Programs on pointers and structures, Pointers and arrays, pointers and strings.
Week 12
Programs on files-Implementation of file handling functions.
Week 13
a. Programs on files error handling.
b. Programs on Dynamic memory allocation
Week 14
Programs on command line arguments.
Week 15
Programs on preprocessor directives
Week 16
Internal Lab Exam
40

0 3 2
(13MED103) IT AND ENGINEERING WORKSHOP
Course Objectives
• To study/demonstrate the concepts of computer w.r.t. its hardware, operating
system, assembling and disassembling.
• To conduct the experiments related to production engineering technology.
• To demonstrate the usage of power tools, CNC lathe and machine shop for
different exercises
Course Outcomes
• Identify, assemble, dissemble, install and write commands for a given
configuration of a computer.
• To develop components using the techniques of carpentry, tin smithy,
forging, etc. listed in trades for exercises.
• To work out the given models in machine shop and CNC lathe.
IT WORKSHOP
1. Computer Hardware: Identification of Peripherals
2. Assembling and disassembling of a PC
3. Simple diagnostic exercises – Related to hardware
4. Installation of Windows Operating System
5. Installation of Linux Operating System
6. Linux Basic Commands
7. Simple diagnostic exercises –Related to Operating System
TEXTBOOKS:
1. IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Third Edition by
Davis Anfinson and Ken Quamme CISC Press, Pearson Education.
2. PC Hardware and A+ Handbook – Kate J. Chase PHI (Microsoft)
ENGINEERING WORKSHOP
TRADES FOR EXCERCISES
At least two exercises from each trade:
1. Carpentry
2. Tin-Smithy
3. Fitting
4. Welding
5. Electrical Wiring
41
TRADES FOR DEMONSTRATION AND EXPOSURE:
1. Power tools in construction, wood working, electrical engineering and
mechanical engineering.
2. Machine shop.
3. CNC Lathe
TEXT BOOKS
1. Workshop Manual by P.Kannaiah and K.L.Narayana; Publisher: Scitech.
42
I Year B. Tech ECE II Sem L T/P/D C

3 1 3
(13MTH002)LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Course Objectives
• Understand the Echolen form and Normal form of a matrix and its
applications in solving linear system of equations.
• Understand the methods of solving first order differential equations and learn
about its applications to L-R and R-C circuits.
• Apply the convolution theorem to evaluate Laplace Transform of the
functions.
• Apply Z-Transforms in solving the difference equations.
Course Outcomes
• Find the rank using Echolen form and Normal form.
• Solve the problems in first order and second order differential equations.
• Learn Laplace Transform as a tool.
• Evaluate the Z-Transform of the given function.
UNITI
LINEAR ALGEBRA – MATRICES
Rank of matrix, Hermitian and skew – Hermitian matrices, Inverse of matrix by
elementary operations. Consistency of linear simultaneous equations, Eigen values
and eigen vectors, Diagonalisation of a matrix (including the case of repeated eigen
values). Caley – Hamilton theorem (without proof), Quadratic forms - reduction of
quadratic form to canonical form by linear transformation.
UNITII
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Differential equations of first order and first degree - Exact differential equation , Linear
and Bernoulli differential equation , Applications of differential equations of first order
and first degree - Newton’s law of cooling, Law of natural growth and decay,
Orthogonal trajectories, and basic circuits(L-R Circuits, R-C Circuits).
UNITIII
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF HIGHER ORDER AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Differential equations of higher order - homogeneous and non-homogenous type,
differential equations of second order and higher order with constant coefficients with
43
ax ax
right hand side term of the type e sin (ax), cos (ax), polynomials in x, e ,
nd
V(x), x V(x) and method of variation of parameters ; Euler-Cauchy’s 2 order
differential equations, applications to spring mass system ,Simple harmonic motion and
L-C-R Circuits.
UNIT IV
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
Existence condition, Laplace transform of standard functions, Properties, Inverse
Laplace transform of functions using partial fractions, Convolution theorem(statement
only). Solving linear differential equations using Laplace transform. Unit step function,
Impulse function and Periodic function and their transforms.
UNIT V
Z-TRANSFORMS
z-transform; Inverse z-transform; Properties, initial, and final value theorems;
Convolution theorem(theorems without proofs); Difference equations; Solutions of
difference equations using z-transform.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Higher Engineering Mathematics – B. S. Grewal,Khanna publishers.
2. A First Course in Differential Equations by Dennis G. Zill; Publisher: Brooks
Cole publishers.
3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by R.K.Jain and S.R.K.Iyengar; Narosa
Publications.
REFERENCES
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig, 8th Edition; Publisher:
John Wiley.
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Peter V. O’Neil, 9th Edition; Publisher:
Cengage Learning
44
I Year B. Tech ECE II Sem L T/P/D C

3 1 3
(13MTH003) NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Course Objectives
• Understand the numerical methods for non linear systems, evaluating definite
integrals and ordinary differential equations.
• Understand various methods of interpolation.
• Understand the simplex method and methods to solve the transportation
problem.
Course Outcomes
• Apply the numerical methods to find a root of algebraic and transcendental
equations.
• Apply the numerical methods to find the solutions of ordinary differential
equations.
• Use simplex method procedure to optimize a linear function.
• Solve transportation problems.
UNIT I
Solutions of non-linear systems
Introduction; Mathematical preliminaries; Solution of algebraic and transcendental
equations – the iteration method, the bisection method, the method of false position,
,Newton - Raphson method, and their order of convergence.
UNIT II
Interpolation
Introduction; Errors in polynomial interpolation; Finite differences; Forward differences;
Backward differences; Central differences; Symbolic relations and separation of
symbols; Differences of a polynomial; Newton’s formulae for interpolation; Central
difference interpolation formulae; Gauss’s central difference formulae; Lagrange and
Hermite interpolation formulae.
UNIT III
Numerical differentiation and Integration
Numerical differentiation based on interpolation ,Numerical integration: Trapezoidal
rule, Simpson’s 1/3 rule, and Simpson’s 3/8 rule.
Numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations
Solution of initial value problems by Taylor’s series - Picard’s method of successive
approximations, Euler’s method, and Runge - Kutta methods; Predictor Corrector
45
methods - Adams Bashforth method- Adams Moulton method and Milne’s method
(without proofs).
UNIT IV
Linear programming
Basic concepts; problem formulation, graphical method, canonical and standard forms
of LPP simplex method, Artificial variables technique- Big-M method,
UNIT V
Transportation problems
Balanced and Unbalanced transportation problems- North-West corner rule, Least cost
method, Vogel’s approximation method (VAM) and MODI method.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Elementary Numerical Analysis – B.S. Grewal, 3rd edition Publisher: Khanna
Publishers
2. Operations Research - Taha H.A, Publisher: Mcmillan Publishing.
REFERENCES
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig, 8th Edition; Publisher:
John Wiley and Sons.
2. Elementary Numerical Analysis – an algorithmic approach -Samuel D. Conte
and Carl De Boor (2006);3rd edition; Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill 3.
Operations Research – by S.D. Gupta
3. Operations Research- Kantiswaroop , P.K Gupta and Manmohan, 4th
edition, Publisher: Sultan Chand & Sons.
46
I Year B. Tech ECE – II Sem L T/P/D C

3 1 3
(13PHY003) ADVANCED ENGINEERING PHYSICS
Course Objectives
• To learn different semiconductors and to calculate their carrier concentration.
• To learn the structure of solids, crystal systems, packing and arrangement of
particles in crystals, simple planes and directions in solids, defects in crystals
• To learn the properties of magnetic materials and classification, Dielectric
materials.
• To learn the concept and applications of superconductors.
Course Outcomes
• To identify different semiconductors and to calculate their carrier
concentration.
• Identify different crystal types various planes and directions in crystals and
estimate one dimentional crystal defects.
• Learn the magnetic properties of materials classify the magnetic materials
into Dia, Para and ferro.
• Learn the characteristics, properties and applications of superconductors and
magnetic materials.
UNIT I
SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS
Fermi level in Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors - Intrinsic semiconductor and
carrier concentration – Extrinsic semiconductor and carrier concentration – Equation of
continuity – Direct and indirect band gap semiconductors - Hall Effect. Formation of p-n
junction – open circuit p-n junction – Energy diagram of diode – i/v characteristics of p-
n junction diode – Diode equation.
UNIT II
CRYSTAL STRUCTURES
Space lattice – Unit cell – Lattice parameter – Crystal systems – Bravais lattice, Atomic
radius – Co-ordination number - Structures and Packing fractions of Simple Cubic –
Body Centered Cubic – Face Centered Cubic – Hexagonal closed packed & diamond
Cubic Crystals.
BONDING IN SOLIDS
Force and energy between two approaching atoms, primary and secondary bonds,
binding energy and cohesive energy, Madelung constant, cohesive energy and
Madelung constant for NaCl crystal
47
UNIT III
DIRECTIONS, PLANES AND X-RD
Miller Indices for Crystal planes and directions – Inter planar spacing of orthogonal
crystal systems –Diffraction of X-rays by crystal planes and Bragg’s law– Laue method
– Powder method – Applications of X-ray diffraction
DEFECTS IN SOLIDS
Imperfections in crystals – Point defects (Vacancies, Interstitial and Impurities)
Schottky and Frenkel defects – (with mathematical treatment)- Line imperfections –
Edge and Screw dislocation – Burger vector – Surface defects and volume defects
(Qualitative Treatment).
UNIT IV
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Permeability, Field intensity, magnetic field induction, Magnetization and Magnetic
susceptibility – Origin of magnetic moment, Bohr magneton – Classification of
magnetic materials (Dia, Para and Ferro)- Domain theory of ferromagnetism,
Hysteresis curve – Soft and Hard magnetic materials – Ferrites and their applications.
UNIT V
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
Electric dipole, Dipole moment, Dielectric constant, Electronic, Ionic and Orientation
Polarization – Calculation of Polarizibilities – Internal fields – Claussius – Mossotti
equation –Piezo and Ferro electricity
SUPERCONDUCTORS
Experimental survey and superconductivity phenomenon, – Meissner effect – Critical
fields and Persistent currents, Type I and Type II superconductors - London equations-
flux quantization-BCS Theory, Applications of Superconductors.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics by Charles Kittel , Publishers: John Wiley
& Sons
2. Applied Physics by P.K.Mittal, IK International Publishing House (P) Ltd
REFERENCES
1. Solid State Physics by A.J.Dekker; Macmillan Publishers India Ltd.
2. Engineering Physics by G Sahashra Buddhe; University Press
3. Elements of Solid State Physics by J.P.Srivatsva, PHI Publishers
4. Engineering Physics by M.R.Srinivasan, New Age Publishers
5. Solid State Physics by M.A. Wahab.
48

3 0 3
(13CHE001)ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Course Prerequisite: General Chemistry

Course Objectives
• Understand electrochemistry which deals with the utilization of electrical
energy of an external source for bringing about a physical or chemical
change.
• Knowledge of “Corrosion engineering education” and Usage of polymers in
modern world as an integral part of every human’s life.
• Knowledge of purification techniques and various applications of soft water in
industries.
• Usage of nano-materials as emerging scientific components with amazing
potential applications in various fields.
Course Outcomes
• Visualize the chemical applications of electricity.
• Prevention of corrosion of metals and applications of polymers from domestic
articles to sophisticated scientific and medical instruments.
• Benefits of treated water as source in steam generation and other fields like
production of steel, paper, textiles, atomic energy etc.
• The applicability and greater efficiency of using a material at nanoscale in
different engineering fields.
UNIT I
Electrochemical cells and batteries
Conductance-factors effecting conductance, conductometric titrations; cells: types of
cells, cell representation, electrode potential; Standard electrode potential;
Electrochemical series; Nernst equation; Reference electrodes – hydrogen, calomel
electrode; Ion selective electrodes (glass electrode & flouride electrode); Numerical
problems.
Batteries
Primary and secondary cells (lead-acid cell; Ni-Cd cell; lithium cells); Applications of
batteries; Fuel cells – methanol – oxygen fuel cells, advantages of fuel cells; Solar cells
- principle, and applications.
49
UNIT II
Corrosion and its control
Introduction; Causes and effects of corrosion; Different types of corrosion; Theories of
corrosion – chemical, electrochemical corrosion (reactions); Factors affecting corrosion
– nature of metal (galvanic series; over voltage; purity of metal; nature of oxide film;
nature of corrosion product), and nature of environment (effect of temperature; effect
of pH; humidity; effect of oxidant).Corrosion control methods – cathodic protection,
sacrificial anode, and impressed current cathode; Surface coatings – methods of
application on metals (hot dipping; galvanizing; tinning; cladding; electroplating), and
organic surface coatings (paints - constituents and functions).
UNIT III
III a) Polymers
Introduction; Types of polymerization; Plastics - thermoplastic resins, and thermoset
resins; Compounding & fabrication of plastics; Preparation, properties, and engineering
applications of polyethylene, PVC, PS, Teflon, bakelite, nylon.
III b) Rubber
Natural rubber- processing, vulcanization; Elastomers (Buna-s; Butyl rubber; Thiokol
rubbers); Fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) and their applications.
UNIT IV
Water
Introduction; Hardness - causes, expression of hardness, units, types of hardness,
estimation of temporary & permanent hardness of water, and numerical problems;
Boiler troubles – scale & sludge formation, caustic embrittlement, corrosion, priming &
foaming; Softening of water (Internal & external treatment - lime soda, zeolite, ion
exchange process, and numerical problems); Reverse osmosis and Electro dialysis
(desalination processes).
UNIT V
Nanomaterials
Introduction; Preparation and applications of nanomaterials with special reference to
carbon nanotubes.
Insulators
Classification of insulators; characteristics of thermal & electrical insulators and their
applications; Superconductors - YBa2 Cu3 O7-x; Applications of superconductors.
50
TEXT BOOKS
1. Text Book of Engineering Chemistry by Y.Bharathi Kumari, Jyotsna
Cherukuri; Publisher: VGS Book Links.
2. Engineering Chemistry by P.C.Jain & Monica Jain, Publisher: Dhanpatrai
Publishing Company.
REFERENCES
1. Text Book of Engineering Chemistry by S.S. Dhara & Mukkanti; Publisher:
S.Chand & Co.
2. Engineering Chemistry by O G Palanna
3. Text Book of Engineering Chemistry by R.Gopalan, D.Venkappayya,
Sulochana Nagarajan; Vikas Publishers.
4. Engineering Chemistry by R.P.Mani, S.N. Mishra, B.Rama Devi ,Cengage
Learning Publications.
51
I Year B.Tech ECE – II Sem L T/P/D C

4 1 4
(13EEE001) CIRCUIT THEORY
Course Objectives
• To understand the basic concepts of Circuit Analysis.
• To analyze single phase ac circuits and magnetic circuits.
• To apply Network Theorems for Circuit Analysis.
• To understand the graph theory and its properties of circuit
Course Outcomes
After the completion of the course students will be able to
• Apply basic network reduction techniques for analysis of electrical circuits.
• Analyze ac circuits along with resonance and locus diagrams.
• Appreciate the application of network theorems and topology solutions.
• Find concepts of magnetic circuits and electrical circuits
UNITI
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Circuit Concept – R-L-C parameters – Voltage and Current sources – Independent and
dependent sources-Source transformation – Voltage – Current relationship for passive
elements (for different input signals-square, ramp, saw tooth, triangular). Kirchhoff’s
laws – network reduction techniques – series, parallel, series parallel, star-to-delta or
delta-to-star transformation.
UNITII
MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
Magnetic Circuits – Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction – concept of self and
mutual inductance – dot convention – coefficient of coupling – composite magnetic
circuit - Analysis of series and parallel magnetic circuits.
UNITIII
SINGLE PHASE A.C CIRCUITS
R.M.S and Average values and form factor for different periodic wave forms, Steady
state analysis of R, L and C (in series, parallel and series parallel combinations) with
sinusoidal excitation – Concept of Reactance, Impedance, Susceptance and
Admittance – Phase and Phase difference – concept of power factor, Real and
Reactive powers – J-notation, Complex and Polar forms of representation, Complex
power.
52
UNIT IV
LOCUS DIAGRAMS AND RESONANCE

Locus diagrams – series R-L, R-C, R-L-C and parallel combination with variation of
various parameters – Resonance – series, parallel circuits, concept of band width and
Q factor.
UNITV
NETWORK TOPOLOGY AND NETWORK THEOREMS
Definitions – Graph – Tree, Basic cutset and Basic Tieset matrices for planar networks
– Nodal analysis, Mesh analysis, Super Node and Super Mesh analysis of Networks
with Independent and Dependent voltage and current sources - Duality and Dual
networks.Superposition, Reciprocity, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Maximum Power Transfer,
Tellegen’s, Millman’s and Compensation theorems for d.c. and a.c. excitations.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Engineering circuit analysis by William Hayt and Jack E. Kemmerly, Mc Graw
Hill Company, 6th Edition.
2. Network Analysis by A. Sudhakar, Shyammohan Palli, Mc Graw Hill
Company,
3. Circuit Theory by A. Chakrabarti, Dhanipat Rai and Co., 6th Edition.
REFERENCES
1. Network Analysis by M. E Van valkenburg, PHI.
2. Linear circuit analysis(time domain phasor, and Laplace transform
approaches) by RAYMOND A.DECARLO and PEN-MIN-LIN, Oxford
University Press. 2nd Edition, 2004.
3. Network Theory by N.C. Jagan and C.Lakshminarayana, B.S Publications.
4. Electrical Circuit theory by K. Rajeswaran, Pearson Education 2004.
5. Basic Circuit analysis by D.R, Cunningham and J.A Stuller, Jaico
Publications.
53

4 1 4
(13ITD002)DATA STRUCTURES
Course Objectives
• To teach efficient storage mechanisms of data for an easy access.
• To design and implementation of various basic and advanced data
structures.
• To introduce various techniques for representation of the data in the real
world.
• To develop application using data structures and to improve the logical
ability.
Course Outcomes
• Choose appropriate data structure as applied to specified problem definition.
• Handle operations like searching, insertion, deletion, traversing mechanism
etc. on various data structures.
• Apply concepts learned in various domains like DBMS, compiler construction
etc.
• Use linear and non-linear data structures like stacks, queues, and linked
list.
UNIT I
Data Structures – Introduction to Data Structures, abstract data types, Linear list –
singly linked list implementation, insertion, deletion and searching operations on linear
list, circular linked list implementation, Double linked list implementation, insertion,
deletion and searching operations. Applications of linked lists.
UNIT II
Stacks-Operations, array and linked representations of stacks, stack applications-infix
to postfix conversion, postfix expression evaluation, recursion implementation.
UNIT III
Queues-operations, array and linked representations. Circular Queue operations,
Dequeues, applications of queue.
54
UNIT IV
Trees – Definitions, Binary tree representation, Binary search tree, binary tree
traversals.
Graphs – Definitions, Graph representations, Graph traversals.
UNIT V
Searching and Sorting – Big O Notation, Sorting- selection sort, bubble sort, insertion
sort, quick sort, merge sort,Searching-linear and binary search methods.
TEXT BOOKS
1. C Programming & Data Structures, B.A.Forouzan and R.F. Gilberg, Third
Edition, Cengage Learning.
2. Data Structures Using C (Paperback) by Aaron M. Tenenbaum
REFERENCES
1. C & Data structures – P. Padmanabham, Third Edition, B.S. Publications.
2. Data Structures using C – A.M.Tanenbaum, Y.Langsam, and M.J.
Augenstein, Pearson Education / PHI
3. C Programming & Data Structures, E. Balagurusamy, TMH.
4. C Programming & Data Structures, P. Dey, M Ghosh R Thereja, Oxford
University Press
5. C& Data structures – E V Prasad and N B Venkateswarlu, S. Chand & Co.
55
I Year B.Tech ECE – II Sem L T/P/D C

0 3 2
(13EPC101) ENGINEERING PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
Course Objectives
• To practically learn interaction of light with matter through physical
phenomena like interference, diffraction and dispersion.
• To expose to the principle of superposition and resonance.
• To demonstrate the formation of standing waves and to understand the
mechanical wave behavior and to determine Rigidity Modulus of different
material s of wires.
• To demonstrate basic discharge phenomenon in capacitors and to know the
characteristics of the circuit elements, like resistors, capacitors and inductors.
Course Outcomes
• Understand clearly the interference principle in wave theory of light and able
to relate it to the formation of Newton Rings and Obtain a pure spectrum
when light passes through prism
• Understand the formation and propagation of mechanical waves
• Study simple oscillations of a load attached to a string and relate it to nature
of material of string
• Understand the physical significance of time constant and related uses.
Any Eight Experiments from the following:

1. Dispersive Power of the material of a Prism using Spectrometer
2. Diffraction Grating (both with Laser and non laser source)
3. Single Slit with laser light
4. Newton’s Rings
5. Finding thickness of a thin wire or sheet by forming a wedge shaped film
6. Energy gap of a semiconductor material
7. To determine the rigidity modulus of material of a wire
8. Melde’s experiment
9. Sonometer Experiment
10. AC frequency by sonometer method
11. Numerical Aperture and Acceptance angle of an optical fiber cable
12. Attenuation and Bending losses in optical fiber
13. Stewart Gee’s experiment
14. Characteristics of LED/Laser Diode.
56
15. Photo cell/ Solar Cell
16. RC circuit
Book: Essential Practical Lab Manual in Physics: by P.Raghavendra Rao
ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
Course Prerequisites: General Maths, General chemistry.
Course Objectives:
• Estimation of hardness of water is essential for drinking water and in
industries to avoid boiler troubles.
• Knowledge of instrumentation in Colorimeter, Redwood viscometer,
Conductivity meter and pH meter.
• Knowledge of preparation of soap.
Course Outcomes:
• Understand the extent of hardness range present in a water sample and its
consequences if used for various industrial operations.
• Determination of strength of solutions, pH of various solutions, lubricants
usage in machinery to prevent wear and tear.
• Understanding the composition of soap used for washings.
1. Titrimetry
a) Estimation of hardness of water by EDTA method.
2. Instrumental methods
(i) Conductometry
a)Conductometric titration of strong acid vs strong base
(ii) Colorimetry
a)Estimation of copper by colorimetric method
(iii) pH metry
a)Titration of strong acid vs strong base by pH metry
3. Physical properties
a)Determination of viscosity of sample oil by Redwood viscometer.
4. Preparations:
a) Preparation of soap
b) Preparation of Nano particles.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Laboratory Manual on Engineering Chemistry by S.K.Bhasin and Sudha
Rani; Publisher: Dhanpat Rai.
2. Laboratory Manual on Engineering Chemistry by Y.Bharathi Kumari and
Jyotsna Cherukuri; Publisher: VGS Book Links.
3. Laboratory Manual on Engineering Chemistry by Y.Bharathi Kumari, Jyotsna
Cherukuri, VGS Book Links, Vijayawada.
57
0 3 2
(13ITD102)DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
Course Objectives
• To develop skills to design and analyze simple linear data structures
• To develop skills to design and analyze simple nonlinear data structures
• To strengthen the ability to identify and apply the suitable data structure for
the given real world problem
• To gain knowledge in practical applications of data structures
Course Outcomes
• design and analyze the time efficiency of the data structure
• design and analyze the space efficiency of the data structure
• identity the appropriate data structure for given problem
• Have practical knowledge on the application of data structures
WEEK1
1. Write a program for creation, Search and Traversal of Single Linked List
2. Write a program to perform insertion and deletion operations in Single Linked List
3. Write a program to merge two single linked lists
WEEK2
1. Write a program for creation, Search and Traversal of Circular Linked List
2. Write a program to perform insertion and deletion operations in Circular Linked List
WEEK 3
1. Write a program for creation, Search and Traversal of Double Linked List
2. Write a program to perform insertion and deletion operations in Double Linked List
WEEK 4
1. Write a program to implement stack using Arrays
2. Write a program to implement stack using Linked List
WEEK 5
1. Write a program to convert infix expression to postfix expression using stack
2. Write a program to evaluate postfix expression
WEEK 6
1. Programs using recursion
2. Write a program to convert infix expression to prefix expression using stack
WEEK 7
1. Write a program to implement Linear queue using Array
2. Write a program to implement Linear queue using Linked List
58
WEEK 8
1. Write a program to implement insertions and deletions in a circular Queue
2. Write a program to perform search and count operations in a circular queue
WEEK 9
1. Write a program to implement insertions and deletions in a Dequeue
2. Write a program to perform search and count operations in Dequeue
WEEK 10: Midterm Exam
WEEK 11
1. Write a program to implement Linear search
2. Write a program to implement Binary Search
WEEK 12
1. Write a program to implement Selection sort
2. Write a program to implement Bubble sort
3. Write a program to implement Insertion sort
WEEK 13
1. Write a program to implement Merge sort
2. Write a program to implement Quick sort
WEEK 14
1. Implementation of a binary tree representation using Arrays
2. Write a program to implement tree traversals.
WEEK 15
1. Implementation of a Graph representation using Adjacency Matrix
2. Write a program to implement graph traversals.
WEEK 16: Final Internal Lab Exam
59
II Year B. Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C

3 1 3
(13MTH009) SPECIAL FUNCTIONS AND COMPLEX ANALYSIS
Course Objectives
• Identify the difference of power series and Frobenius method and
• Obtain the solutions of Bessel and Legender equations.
• Distinguish Cauchy’s integral theorem and Cauchy’s integral formula.
• Apply Taylor’s Series and Laurent series to expand the function.
• Understand the idea of a conformal mapping
Course Outcomes
• Solve Second order D.E’s with variable coefficients.
• Use the Cauchy-Riemann equations to obtain the derivative of complex
functions
• Use residues to evaluate contour integrals
• Calculate the image of the given curve under the given transformation.
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
UNIT I
Special functions
Series solutions of second order Ordinary Differential Equations , Regular point ,
Regular singular point, Frobineous Method ,Bessel functions: properties, Recurrence
relations, Orthogonality. Legendre polynomials: Properties, Rodrigue’s formula,
Recurrence relations and Orthogonal properties.
COMPLEX ANALYSIS
UNIT II
Functions of a complex variable: Functions of a complex variable:
Continuity,Differentiability, Analyticity, Properties, Cauchy-Riemann equations in
Cartesian and polar coordinates. Harmonic and conjugate harmonic functions,Milne –
Thompson method.
UNIT III
Elementary functions and Integration of complex function
c
Exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic functions and their properties. z and Logz,
principal value. Line integral, evaluation along a path and by indefinite integration.
Cauchy’s integral theorem ,Cauchy’s integral formula.
60
UNIT IV
Power series and Residues
Radius of convergence , Expansion in Taylor’s series and Laurent series. Singular
point, Isolated singular point, pole of order m , essential singularity. Residues –
Evaluation of residue, Residue theorem, Evaluation of real integrals .
UNIT V
Conformal mapping
z
Transformation of e , lnz, z2 , zn (n positive integer), Sin z, cos z, z + a/z. Basic
transformations : Translation, rotation, inversion. Bilinear transformation - fixed point ,
cross ratio , properties , invariance of circles , determination of bilinear transformation
mapping three given points to three assigned points.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Higher Engineering Mathematics – B. S. Grewal
2. Complex Variables & Its Applications- Churchill and Brown, (1996),
International Edition, McGraw Hill.
REFERENCES
1. Advance Engineering Mathematics - Peter O’Neil,(2000),5th Edition, Cengage
Learning
2. Schaum’s Outline Of Complex Variables - Murray.R.Spiegel,(2011), 2nd
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
61

4 1 4
(13ECE001) ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS
Course Objectives
• To learn principle of operation, construction and characteristics of various
electronic devices.
• To study operation and characteristics of Rectifiers with filters.
• To understand the analysis of small signal low frequency amplifiers.
• To provide the concepts involved in design of electronic Circuits.
Course Outcomes
• Understand the operation and characteristics of various electronic devices.
• Develop few applications of devices.
• Understand the importance of biasing and stabilization.
• Analyze small signal model for BJTand FETamplifiers.
UNIT I
p-n Junction Diode and Applications : Review of Semi-Conductor Materials, Theory
of p-n Junction, p-n Junction as a Diode, Diode Equation, Volt-Ampere Characteristics,
Temperature dependence of V-I characteristics, Ideal and Practical Diode Equivalent
Circuits, Static and Dynamic Resistance levels , Transition and Diffusion Capacitances.
The p-n diode as a rectifier, Half wave Rectifier, Full wave rectifier, Bridge Rectifier,
Harmonic components in a Rectifier Circuit, Inductor filters, Capacitor filters, L- Section
Filters, Π- section filters, Comparison of Regulation Characteristics of different Filters,
Breakdown Mechanisms in Semi-Conductor Diodes, Zener Diode Characteristics,
Shunt Voltage Regulation using Zener Diode.
UNIT II
Transistors, Biasing and Stabilization : The Bipolar Junction Transistor(BJT),
Transistor Current Components, Transistor Construction, BJT Operation, Common
Base, Common Emitter and Common Collector Configurations, Limits of Operation,
Transistor as an Amplifier, BJT Specifications, Principle of series voltage regulators.
The DC and AC Load lines, Quiescent operating Point, Need for Biasing, Fixed Bias,
Collector Feedback Bias, Emitter Feedback Bias, Collector-Emitter Feedback Bias,
Voltage Divider Bias, Bias Stability, Stabilization Factors, Stabilization against
variations in VBE, β1 and ICO. BiasCompensation using Diodes, Thermistors and
Sensistors, Thermal Runway, Thermal Stability.
62
UNIT III
Small signal low frequency BJT Amplifiers: Small signal low frequency transistor
amplifier circuits: h-parameter representation of a transistor, Analysis of single stage
transistor amplifiers CE, CC, CB configurations using h-parameters: voltage gain,
current gain, Input impedance and Output impedance. Comparison of CB, CE, CC
configurations in terms of AI, Ri, AV, RO.
UNIT IV
FET, Biasing and Amplifiers :Construction and operation of Junction Field Effect
Transistor (JFET), Volt-Ampere characteristics - Drain and transfer Characteristics,
FET as Voltage Variable Resistor, Biasing FET, The JFET Small Signal Model, FET
Common Source Amplifier, Common Drain Amplifier, Construction and operation of
MOSFET , MOSFET Characteristics in Enhancement and Depletion modes.
Comparison of BJT and FET amplifiers.
UNIT V
Special Purpose Electronic Devices: Principle of Operation and Characteristics of
Tunnel Diode (with the help of Energy Band Diagram), Varactor Diode and schotky
barrier diode. Principle of Operation and Characteristics of UJT, UJT Relaxation
Oscillator. Principle of Operation of SCR, Schockley diode Diac and Triac. Principle of
Operation of Semiconductor Photo Diode, PIN Diode, Photo Transistor ,LED and LCD.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Electronic Devices and Circuits – J.Millman, C.C.Halkias, and
Satyabratha Jit, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, 2007.
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits – R.L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky,
Pearson/Prentice Hall, 11th Edition, 2006.
3. Electronic Devices and Circuits – David A Bell, Oxford University Press,
5th edition (2008)
REFERENCES
1. Integrated Electronics - J.Millman and Christos.C.Halkias, and
Satyabratha, Jit Tata McGraw Hill, 2ndEdition,2008.
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits – T.F. Bogart Jr., J.S.Beasley and G.Rico,
Pearson Education, 6th Edition,2004.
3. Electronic Devices and Circuits- S. S Salivahanan, N. Sursh Kumar, A.
Vallava Raju,2nd Edition., TMH,2010.
63
II Year B.Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C

4 0 4
(13ECE002) PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
Course Objectives
• To describe and interpret the basic concepts of probability and stochastic
processes.
• To Describe and interpret the discrete time and continuous time stochastic
processes.
• To learn spectrum of Random process
• To learn noise sources and their characteristics
Course Outcomes
• Apply the concepts of probability to experiments that have Random outcomes
and to recognize a random variable of single, multiple variables and its
properties
• Apply the concepts of statistical estimations to the random variables
• Characterize the stochastic process and its response applying to linear
systems
• Estimate and eliminate noise in communication systems
UNIT I
Overview of Probability Theory: Definitions, Scope and history, sets, sample space and
events, Axioms of Probability, Discrete, Continuous and Conditional Probabilities,
Independence, Total probability, Bayes’ Rule and Applications.
Random Variables: Definition of Random Variable, classification of Random Variables,
Probability mass function, CDF and PDF of Random Variables and their properties
(Single and Multiple Random variables), Conditional distribution and densities,
properties.
Functions of a Random variables, Functions of two random variables, Sum of Two
Independent Random variables. Some Special Random variables: Binomial, Poisson,
Uniform, Gaussian, Exponential, Rayleigh, Transformation of random variables.
UNIT II
Operations on Single and Multiple Random Variables: Mean, Variance, Skew and
Moments of Random Variables- Raw and Central Moments, Joint Moments, Marginal
distribution and density functions. Characteristic Function, Moment Generating
Function, Operations on distribution and density functions of special Random
variables, central limit theorem.
64
UNIT III
Random Processes: Concept and classification of Random Process; Probabilistic
structure of a random process; Concept of Stationary Random Process, Wide Sense
Stationary, Time Averages, Ergodicity, Auto Correlation, Cross Correlation and
Covariance of Random Processes.
UNIT IV
Spectral Characteristics of Random Process: Power Spectrum-Properties, Relation
between PSD and Autocorrelation function of a Random Process, Cross spectral
Density and its relation with Cross Correlation function.
Random signal Response of Linear Systems: System Response-Convolution, Mean
and Mean-squared value of system Response, autocorrelation Function of Response,
Cross-Correlation Functions of input and output, Spectral Characteristics of System
Response; Power Density Spectrum of Response, Cross Power Density Spectrums of
Input and Output.
UNIT V
System Noise: Mathematical Modeling of Various system Noise sources, White Noise
and colored noise, Effective Noise Temperature, Noise Figure, Average Noise Figure
of Cascaded networks.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles - Peyton Z
Peebles 4th Edidtion,TMH, 2001.
2. Principles of Communication Systems – H.Taub, Donald L. Schiling, Goutham
Saha, 3rd Edition,TMH,2007.
3. Probability, Random Variables and Random Process – K. Murugeshan, P.
Guruswamy, Anuradha pub.
REFERENCES
1. Theory of probability and stochastic Processes – pradip Kumar Gosh University
press.
2. Probability and Random processes with application to signal processing –
Henry Stark and John W, Woods,
3rd Edition, PE.
3. Statistical Theory of communication – S.P.Eugene Xavier, New age
Publications, 1997.
4. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes- Athanasios Papoulis
and S. Unnikrishnan Pillai,4th
Edition, TMH
65

4 1 4
(13EIE001)SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Course Objectives
• To understand various fundamental characteristics of signals and systems.
• To study the importance of transform domain.
• To analyze and design various systems.
• To study the effects of sampling.
Course Outcomes
• Design solutions for complex input signals
• Analyze statistical parameters of a given signal.
• Apply the knowledge in modeling of LTI systems
• Create new systems
UNIT I
Representation of Signals: Continuous signals, Classification of Signals – Periodic
and aperiodic, even and odd, energy and power signals, deterministic and random
signals, complex exponential and sinusoidal signals. Concepts of Impulse function,
Unit step function, Signum function. Various operations on Signals.
Signal Analysis: Analogy between vectors and signals, Orthogonal signal space,
Signal approximation using orthogonal functions, Mean square error, Closed or
complete set of orthogonal functions, Orthogonality in complex functions
UNIT II
Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Signals : Representation of Fourier
series, Continuous time periodic signals, properties of Fourier series, Dirichlet’s
conditions, Trigonometric Fourier series and Exponential Fourier series, Complex
Fourier spectrum, Gibb’s Phenomenon.
Fourier Transforms : Deriving Fourier transform from Fourier series, Fourier
transform of arbitrary signals, Fourier transform of standard signals, Fourier transform
of periodic signals, properties of Fourier transforms, Fourier transforms involving
impulse function and Signum function.
UNIT III
Laplace Transforms: Concept of region of convergence (ROC) for Laplace
transforms. Properties of ROC. Relation between Laplace Transforms and Fourier
transform of a signal. Introduction to Hilbert Transform.
66
Signal Transmission through Linear Systems: Classification of Continuous time
and discrete time Systems, impulse response, Response of a linear system, Transfer
function of a LTI system. Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortion less
transmission through a system, Signal bandwidth, system bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF
and BPF characteristics, Causality and Paley -Wiener criterion for physical realization,
relationship between bandwidth and rise time.
UNIT IV
Convolution and Correlation of Signals : Concept of convolution in time domain and
frequency domain, Graphical representation of convolution, Properties of Convolution,
Concepts of correlation, properties of correlation. Relation between convolution and
correlation, Detection of periodic signals in the presence of noise by correlation,
Extraction of signal from noise by filtering.
UNIT V
Representation of discrete time signals. Classification of Signals, Properties of
discrete time complex exponential signals
Sampling Theorem: Representation of continuous time signals by its samples -
Sampling theorem – Reconstruction of a Signal from its samples, aliasing – discrete
time processing of continuous time signals, sampling of band pass signals.
Z –Transforms: Basic principles of z-transform, region of convergence, properties of
ROC, Properties of z-transform ,Poles and Zeros. Inverse z-transform using Contour
integration, Residue Theorem, Power Series expansion and Partial fraction expansion.
Distinction among Fourier transform, Laplace Transform and Z - Transforms.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Signals, Systems and Communications - B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2009.
2. Signals and Systems – Alan V.Oppenheim, Alan S.Willsky and S.Hamid
Nawab,2nd Edition, PHI.
REFERENCES
1. Signals and Systems- A.Anand Kumar, 2nd Edition, PHI,2012
2. Signals and Systems -Simon Haykin and Barry Van Veen, 2nd Edition, John
Wiley.
3. Signals and Systems- Cengage Learning, Narayana Iyer, 2011.
4. Signals, Systems and Transforms –C.L.Philips,J.M Parr and Eve A. Riskin,3rd
Edition, Pearson, 2004 .
5. Signals and Systems Schaum’s Outlines - HWEI P. HSU , Tata Mc Graw Hill,
2004.
67

4 0 4
(13EEE077) PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Course Objectives
• To analyze transient response of circuits with dc excitation
• To understand two port network parameters, filters and attenuators
• To know about performance of DC machines
• To understand the operation of transformers and AC machines
Course Outcomes
• Analyze transient response of circuits
• Evaluate two port parameters and design simple filters
• Appreciate the working of DC machines
• Understand the operation of transformers and AC machines.
UNIT I
Transient Analysis (First and Second Order Circuits) : Transient Response of RL,
RC and RLC Circuits for DC excitations, Initial Conditions, Solution using Differential
Equations approach and Laplace Transform Method.
UNIT II
Two Port Networks :Impedance Parameters, Admittance Parameters, Hybrid
Parameters, Transmission (ABCD) Parameters, Conversion of one Parameter to
another, Conditions for Reciprocity and Symmetry, Interconnection of Two Port
networks in Series, Parallel and Cascaded configurations, Image Parameters,
Illustrative problems.
UNIT III
Filters and Symmetrical Attenuators : Classification of Filters, Classification of Pass
band and Stop band, Characteristic Impedance in the Pass and Stop Bands,Constant-
k and m-derived filters-Low Pass Filter and High Pass Filters (both qualitative and
quantitative treatment); Band Pass filter and Band Elimination filters (qunatitaive
treatment only), Illustrative Problems. Symmetrical Attenuators – T-Type Attenuator, p-
Type Attenuator, Bridged T-type Attenuator, Lattice Attenuator.
UNIT IV- DC Machines
DC Generators: Principles of Operation of DC Generator, construction, EMF equation,
Types of Generators, Magnetization, Internal and external Characteristics of DC
Generators.
68
DC Motors :DC Motors, Types of Dc Motors, Characteristics of Dc Motors, Losses and
Efficiency, Swinburne’s Test, Speed Control of Dc Shunt Motor- Flux and Armature
Voltage control methods.
UNIT V Transformers and AC Machines

Transformers and Their Performance : Principle of Operation of Single Phase
transformer, Types, Constructional Features, Phasor Diagram on No Load and Load,
Equivalent Circuit, Losses, Efficiency and Regulation of Transformer, OC and SC
Tests, Predetermination of Efficiency and Regulation, Simple Problems.
AC Machines
Three Phase Induction Motor : Principle of operation of three phase induction
motors- Slip ring and Squirrel cage motors –Slip_Torque characteristics.
Alternators: Principle of operation –Types - EMF Equation- Predetermination of
regulation by Synchronous Impedance Method- OC and SC tests.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Principles of Electrical Engineering- A.Sudhakar, ShyammohanS.Palli, TMH
publications
2. Introduction to Electrical Engineering – M.S.Naidu and S. Kamakshaiah, TMH
publications.
3. Network analysis and Synthesis- C L Wadhwa, New Age International
Publishers.
REFERENCES
1. Networks, Lines, and Fields – John.D.Ryder, PHI publications.
2. Engineering Circuit Analysis – W.H.Hayt and J.E Kemmerly and S.M.Durbin,
TMH publications.
3. Circuit Theory by Chakrabarti, DhanpatRai and Co.
4. Network Analysis – N.C.Jagan and C.LakshmiNarayana, BS publications.
5. Network Analysis – A.Sudhakar, ShyammohanS.Palli, TMH publications.
69

0 3 2
(13ECE101) ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LABORATORY
Course Objectives
• To identify various components and testing of active devices.
• To study and operation of multimeters, function generators ,regulated power
supplies and CRO
• To know the characteristics of various active devices.
• To study frequency response Amplifier.
Course Outcomes
• Calculate various parameters of devices from characteristics.
• Use of devices in real time applications.
• Calculate h-parameters of BJT under various configurations.
• Compute frequency response of various amplifiers.
Part A: (Only for viva-voce Examination)

ELECTRONIC WORKSHOP PRACTICE(in 2 lab sessions):
1. Identification, Specification, testing of R,L,C components (color codes),
Potentiometers (SPDT, DPDT, and
DIP), Coils, Gang Condensers, Relays, Bread Board, PCB’s
2 Identification, Specification, testing of Active devices : Diodes, BJT, Low power
JFET’s, MOSFET’s, Power Transistors, LED’s, LCD’s, SCR, UJT.
3 Study and operation of:
• Multimeters (Analog and Digital)
• Function Generator
• Regulated Power Supplies
• CRO
Part B: (For Laboratory Examination – Minimum of 10 experiments)
1. Forward and Reverse Bias V-I characteristics of PN junction Diode.
2. Zener diode V-I characteristics and Zener diode as voltage regulator.
3. Half Wave, and Full wave with and without filters.
4. Characteristics of a BJT under CE configuration and calculation of h-parameters.
5. Characteristics of a BJT under CC configuration and calculation of h-parameters.
6. Characteristics of a BJT under CB configuration and calculation of h-parameters.
7. FET characteristics under CS configuration.
8. Frequency response of CE Amplifier.
9. Frequency response of CC Amplifier.
70
10. Frequency response of CS FET Amplifier.
11. SCR characteristics.
12. UJT characteristics and Relaxation Oscillator.
71

0 3 2
(13ECE102) BASIC SIMULATION LABORATORY
Course Objectives
• To learn basic Operations on Matrices
• To model generation of various signals
• To simulate operations on signals and systems.
• To simulate various random variables’ generation and processes
Course Outcomes
• Apply signal generation in different areas.
• Apply the knowledge of random variables and processes in fields of
communications.
• Analyze the systems for various properties.
• Create or design various systems and analyze sampling effects
1. Basic Operations on Matrices

2. Generation of various signals and sequences (Periodic and Aperiodic), such
as unit Impulse step, Square, Saw tooth, Triangular, Sinusoidal, Ramp, Sinc.
3. Operations on signals and sequences such as Addition, Multiplication,
Scaling, Shifting, Folding, Computation of Energy and Average Power.
4. Finding the Even and Odd parts of Signal / Sequence and Real and
imaginary parts of Signal.
5. Convolution between Signals and Sequences.
6. Auto Correlation and Cross Correlation of Signalsand Sequences.
7. Verification of Linearity and Time Invariance Properties of a given Continuous
/ Discrete System.
8. Computation of Unit sample, Unit step and sinusoidal responses of the given
LTI system and verifying its Physical realiazability and stability properties.
9. Gibbs Phenomenon.
10. Finding the Fourier Transform of a given signal and plotting its magnitude
and phase spectrum.
11. Waveform Synthesis using Laplace Transform.
12. Locating the Zeros and Poles and Plotting the Pole-Zero maps in S plane and
Z-Plane for the given transfer function.
13. Generation of Gaussian noise (Real and Complex), Computation of its mean,
M.S. Value and its Skew, Kurtosis and PSD, Probability Distribution Function.
14. Sampling theorem Verification.
72
15. Removal of noise by Autocorrelation / Cross correlation.
16. Extraction of Periodic Signal, masked by noise using Correlation.
17. Verification of Weiner – Khinchine Relations.
18. Checking a Random Process for Stationarity in Wide sense
73

0 3 2
(13EEE177) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Course Objectives
• The theoretical concepts of KVL and KCL are verified experimentally
• The transient behavior of RLC networks are studied practically
• The network theorems are verified experimentally
• The performance and efficiency / regulation of electrical machines are
determined experimentally (under various operating conditions)
Course Outcomes
• Apply the network theorems in the domain applications
• Practically study the transient behavior of the RLC networks
• Find the applications of the electrical machines with the experimental
determination of the performance of the machines.
• Find the difference between Generator and Motor performance
characteristics
PART- A
1. Verification of KVL and KCL.
2. Series and Parallel Resonance – Timing, Resonant frequency, Bandwidth
and Q-factor determination for RLC network.
3. Time response of first order RC/RL network for periodic non-sinusoidal inputs
time constant and steady state error determination.
4. Two port network parameters –Z and Y-parameters
5. Two port network parameters – ABCD and h-parameters
6. Verification of Superposition and Reciprocity theorems.
7. Verification of maximum power transfer theorem. Verification on DC and AC
Excitation with resistive and Reactive loads.
8. Experimental determination of Thevenin’s and Norton’s equivalent circuits
and verification by direct test.
9. Constant –k Low Pass Filter and High Pass Filter- Design and Test.
PART- B
1. Magnetization characteristics of D.C Shunt generator, Determination of
critical field resistance.
2. Swinburne’s Test on Dc shunt machine. (Predetermination of efficiency of a
given Dc Shunt machine working as motor and generator)
3. Brake test on DC shunt motor. Determination of performance characteristics.
4. OC and SC tests on Single-phase transformer (Predetermination of efficiency
and regulation at given power factors and determination of equivalent circuit).
5. Load Test on single Phase Transformer.
74
6. Speed Control of DC shunt Motor – flux and armature voltage control
methods.
Note: Any 12 of the above experiments 6 from each part to be conducted.
75
II Year B.Tech ECE – II Sem L T/P/D C

4 1 4
(13ECE003) SWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC DESIGN
Course Objectives
• To understand the concepts of number systems, codes and design of
various combinational and synchronous sequential circuits
• To learn various methods to minimize the Boolean expressions for reducing
the number of gates and cost
• To realize logic networks, digital computers using PROM, PLA, PAL devices.
• To design state machines and ASM charts
Course Outcomes
• Use the concepts of Boolean Algebra for the analysis and various number
systems for digital data representations
• Design combinational and sequential circuits
• Implement designs on PLDs
• Design ASM charts for digital systems
UNIT I
NUMBER SYSTEMS AND CODES: Philosophy of number systems – complement
representation of negative numbers-binary arithmetic-binary codes-error detecting &
error correcting codes –hamming codes.
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA: Fundamental postulates of Boolean algebra - Basic theorems
and properties
UNIT II
SWITCHING FUNCTIONS: Canonical and Standard forms-Algebraic simplification,
Digital logic gates, properties of XOR gates –universal gates-Multilevel NAND/NOR
realizations.
MINIMIZATION OF SWITCHING FUNCTIONS: Map method, Prime Implicants, don’t
care combinations, Minimal SOP and POS forms, Tabular Method, Prime –Implicant
chart, simplification rules.
UNIT III
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN: Design using conventional logic gates, Encoder,
Decoder, Multiplexer, De-Multiplexer, Modular design using IC chips, MUX Realization
of switching functions Parity bit generator, Code-converters, Hazards and hazard free
realizations.
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES: Basic PLD’s-ROM, PROM, PLA, PLD
Realization of Switching functions using PLD’s.
76
UNIT IV
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS – I: Classification of sequential circuits (Synchronous,
Asynchronous, Pulse mode, Level mode with examples) Basic flip-flops-Triggering and
excitation tables. Steps in synchronous sequential circuit design. Design of modulo-N
Ring & Shift counters, Serial binary adder, sequence detector.
UNIT V
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS - II: Finite state machine-capabilities and limitations, Mealy
and Moore models-minimization of completely specified and incompletely specified
sequential machines, Partition techniques and Merger chart methods-concept of
minimal cover table. Introduction to ASM charts, simple examples, system Design
using data path and control subsystems, ASM charts for Flip Flops and Binary
multiplier
TEXTBOOKS
1. Switching & Finite Automata theory – Zvi Kohavi, TMH,2nd Edition.
2. Digital Design – Morris Mano, PHI, 3rd Edition, 2006.
REFERENCES
1. An Engineering Approach To Digital Design – Fletcher, PHI. Digital Logic –
Application and Design – John M. Yarbrough, Thomson.
2. Fundamentals of Logic Design – Charles H. Roth, Thomson Publications, 5th
Edition, 2004.
3. Digital Logic Applications and Design – John M. Yarbrough, Thomson
Publications, 2006
77
II Year B. Tech ECE – II sem L T/P/D C

4 1 4
(13ECE004) ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Course Objectives
• To explain the operation, design and Analysis of multistage amplifiersusing
BJT and MOSFET.
• Design high frequency BJT amplifiers and analysis of MOS amplifiers.
• Understand the concepts of feedback amplifiers and Oscillators
• Design large signal and tuned amplifiers.
Course Outcomes
• Apply the knowledge of BJTs and MOSFETs to design practical amplifier
circuits.
• Design electronic sub systems such as feedback amplifiers, oscillators.
• Design various power amplifiers to meet the required specifications.
• Apply the knowledge of Tuned amplifiers to design practical amplifier circuits.
UNIT I
Multistage Amplifiers
Introduction, Methods of inter-stage coupling, n-stage cascaded amplifier, Equivalent
circuits, Miller’s Theorem, Frequency effects, Amplifier analysis, High input resistance
Transistor Circuits, Darlington Pair, CE- CC amplifier, Cascode amplifier, Two-stage
RC-coupled JFET amplifier (in Common Source configuration), Difference Amplifier.
UNIT II
BJT Frequency Response of Amplifiers
Frequency response of BJT amplifier, Analysis at low and high frequencies, Effect of
coupling and bypass capacitors, Hybrid-π Common Emitter transistor model, CE short
circuit gain, CE current gain with resistive load, Single-stage CE transistor amplifier
response, Gain-Bandwidth Product, Emitter follower at higher frequencies.
MOS Amplifiers
Basic Concepts, MOS Small signal Model, Common source amplifier with Resistive
load, Diode connected load, and current source load, Source follower, Common Gate
stage Cascode and Folded Cascode Amplifier and their frequency response.
UNIT III
Feedback Amplifiers and Oscillators
Concept of feedback, Classification of feedback amplifiers, general characteristics of
negative feedback amplifiers, Effect of feedback on amplifier characteristics, voltage
78
series, voltage shunt, current series and current shunt feedback configurations,
Illustrative problems.
Classification of oscillators, Conditions for oscillations, RC phase shift oscillator, Wien
bridge oscillator, Generalized analysis of LC oscillators – Hartley and Colpitts
oscillators, Piezoelectric crystal oscillator, Stability of oscillators.
UNIT IV
Power Amplifiers
Classification of power amplifiers, Class A large-signal amplifiers, Series-fed and
transformer-coupled Class A audio power amplifier, Efficiency of Class A amplifier ,
Class B amplifier, Transformer-coupled Class B push-pull amplifier, Complementary-
symmetry Class B push-pull amplifier, Efficiency of Class B amplifier, Distortion in
power amplifiers, Thermal stability and Heat sinks
UNIT V
Tuned Amplifiers
Introduction, Small signal single tuned amplifiers, Double-tuned amplifiers , Effect of
cascading single and double tuned amplifiers on bandwidth, Stagger-tuned amplifiers,
Class-C tuned amplifiers. Power supply requirements, Introduction and classification of
Power Supplies.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Integrated Electronics - Jacob Millman and Christos C. Halkias, , Tata
McGraw-Hill Education, 2008.
2. Electronic Circuit Analysis - S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar, , Tata
McGraw-Hill Education, 2ndedition, 2012.
3. Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits - Behzad Razavi, Tata
McGraw-Hill Education, 2008.
REFERENCES
1. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory - Robert L.Boysted , Louis
Nashelisky, Pearson Education , 9th edition, 2008. (ISBN: 978-81-219-2450-
4)
2. Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits, Robert T. Paynter, Pearson
Education, 7th edition, 2010.
3. Micro Electronic Circuits – Sedra and Smith, Oxford University Press, 5th
edition, 2009.
79
II Year B.Tech ECE – II Sem L T/P/D C

4 1 4
(13ECE005) ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND TRANSMISSION LINES
Course Objectives
• To provide the basic concepts of Electric and Magnetic fields.
• To understand the Maxwell’s equations and applying boundary conditions to
the different material interfaces.
• To conceptualize the wave propagation characteristics for different media.
• To learn the basic parameters of Transmission lines.
Course Outcomes
• Apply the basic concepts of Electric and Magnetic fields in static and time
varying conditions.
• Apply Maxwell’s equations to solve equations of EM fields.
• Apply wave propagation characteristics and power calculations in
applications like antennas.
• Design a lossless/distortion less transmission system.
UNIT I
Electrostatics: Coulomb’s law, Electric filed intensity, fields due to different charge
distributions, Electric flux density, Gauss law and applications, Electric potential,
Relations between E and V, Maxwell’s two equations for electro static fields, energy
density, Convection and Conduction currents, Dielectric Constant, Isotropic and
Homogeneous Dielectrics , Continuity equation, Relaxation time, Poisson’s and
Laplace equations, Capacitance –parallel plate, coaxial, spherical capacitors,
illustrative problems.
UNIT II
Magneto Statics: Biot – Savart’s law, Ampere’s circuit law and applications, Magnetic
flux density, Magnetic scalar and vector potentials, Forces due to Magnetic fields,
Amperes Force law, Inductances and Magnetic energy, illustrative problems
UNIT III
Maxwell’s Equations: Maxwell’s Equations (Time Varying Fields) Faraday’s law and
Transformer emf, inconsistency of the Amperes law and displacement current density,
Maxwell’s equations in differential forms, integral forms and word statements,
conditions at a boundary surface: Dielectric - Dielectric and Dielectric - conductor
interfaces – illustrative problems.
80
EM wave Characteristics – I: Wave equations for conducting and perfect dielectric
media. Uniform plane waves – definitions, all relations between E and H sinusoidal
variations, wave propagation in loss less and conducting media, conductors and
Dielectrics characterization, wave propagation in good conductors and good
dielectrics, polarization, illustrative problems.
UNIT IV
EM Waves characteristics – II : Reflection and refraction of plane waves – normal
and Oblique incidences for both perfect conductor and perfect dielectrics, Brewster
angle, Critical angle and Total internal reflection, Surface Impedance, poynting vector
and poynting theorem – applications, power loss in a plane conductor, illustrative
problems.
UNIT V
Transmission Lines: Types, parameters, Transmission line equations, primary and
secondary constants, Expressions for characteristic impedance, propagation constant,
phase and group velocities, infinite line concepts, Loss loss/ low loss characterization,
Distortion – condition for distortion less and minimum attenuation, Loading, Types of
loading, illustrative problems.
Input impedance relations, SC and OC lines, reflection coefficient, VSWR, UHF lines
as circuit elements, λ/4, λ/2, λ/8 lines - impedance Transformations, Significance of
Zmin and Zmax, Smith chart configuration and applications, single and double stub
matching, illustrative problems.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Elements of Electro magnetics – Matthew N.O.Sadiku, Oxford Univ.Press, 3rd
Edition, 2001.
2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems- E.C. Jordan and
K.G.Balman,PHI, 2nd Edition, 2000.
3. Transmission Lines and Networks - UmeshSinha, SatyaPrakashan,
Tech.India Publications, New Delhi, 2001.
REFERENCES
1. Engineering Electromagnetics - William H.Haytjrand John A. Buck,TMH, 7th
Edition, 2006.
2. Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines - G.S.N. Raju,
Pearson Publication, 2005.
3 Networks Lines and Fields - John D Rider 2nd Edition, PHI, 1999.
81
II Year B. Tech ECE – II Sem L T/P/D C

3 1 3
(13EIE004) PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS
Course Objectives
• To provide knowledge of Pulse and Wave shaping circuits.
• To analyze and design BJT switching circuits
• Analyze and Design the Sweep generators for various applications.
• To Analyze and Design of the logic gates and sampling gates using discrete
components.
Course Outcomes
• Design linear and non-linear wave shaping circuits.
• Apply the fundamental concepts of wave shaping circuits for various
switching and logic circuits
• Design the time base circuits for various applications
• Design the sampling gates for various applications
UNIT I
LINEAR WAVESHAPING
High pass, low pass RC circuits, their response for sinusoidal, step, pulse, square and
ramp inputs. RC network as differentiator and integrator. Attenuators and its
applications in CRO probe, RL and RLC circuits and their response for step input,
ringing circuits.
UNIT II
NON-LINEAR WAVE SHAPING
Diode clippers, Transistor clippers, clipping at two independent levels, Transfer
characteristics of clippers, Emitter coupled clipper, Comparators, applications of
voltage comparators, clamping operation, clamping circuits using diode with different
inputs, Clamping circuit theorem, practical clamping circuits, effect of diode
characteristics on clamping voltage.
UNITIII
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICES
Diode as a switch, piecewise linear diode characteristics, Transistor as a switch, Break
down voltage consideration of transistor, saturation parameters of Transistor and their
variation with temperature, transistor-switching times.
82
MULTIVIBRATORS
Design and Analysis of Bistable, Monostable, Astable Multivibrators. Analysis of
Schmitt trigger using transistors.
UNIT IV
TIME BASE GENERATORS
General features of a time base signal, methods of generating time base waveform,
Miller and Bootstrap time base generators – basic principles, Transistor miller time
base generator, Transistor Bootstrap time base generator, Current time base
generators.
SYNCHRONIZATION AND FREQUENCY DIVISION
Principles of Synchronization, Pulse synchronization of Relaxation devices, Frequency
division in sweep circuits, astable relaxation circuits, Synchronization of a sweep circuit
with symmetrical signals.
UNIT V
SAMPLING GATES
Basic operating principles of sampling gates, Unidirectional and Bi-directional sampling
gates, Reduction of pedestal in gate circuits, Applications of sampling gates.
LOGIC GATES
Relaxation of logic gates Using Diodes and Transistors: AND, OR and NOT gates
using Diodes & Resistor, RTL and DTL Logic families.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms J. Millman and H. Taub, McGraw-
Hill, 1991.
2. Pulse and Digital Circuits – A. Anand Kumar, PHI.
REFERENCES
1. Pulse and Digital circuits – M.S. Prakash Rao, Mc. Graw Hill
2. Solid State Pulse circuits - David A. Bell, PHI, 4th Edn.., 2002 .
3. Wave Generation and Shaping L. Strauss.
4. Pulse, Digital Circuits and Computer Fundamentals - R.Venkataraman.
Practice: Subject practice through Multisim software
83
II Year B .Tech ECE – II Sem L T/P/D C

4 0 4
(13ECE006) ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
Course Objectives
• To know the need for modulation in radio communication system.
• To understand the principles of various modulation and demodulation
Techniques.
• To analyze various types of transmitters and receivers.
• To analyze the noise performance of Analog Modulation systems.
Course Outcomes
• Apply and relate the analog modulation techniques to real time applications
like Radio Broadcasting, telecommunications, TV’s etc.
• Compare different modulation Techniques
• Design transmitters and receivers for Analog Communication.
• Design various communication systems by including noise analysis
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION : Introduction to communication system, Need for modulation,
Frequency Division Multiplexing , Amplitude Modulation, Definition, Time domain and
frequency domain description, single tone modulation, power relations in AM waves,
Generation of AM wave using ,square law and Switching modulator, Detection of AM
Waves using square law and Envelope detector.
DSB MODULATION: Double side band suppressed carrier modulators, time domain
and frequency domain description, Generation of DSBSC Waves using Balanced and
Ring Modulator, Coherent detection of DSB-SC Modulated waves, COSTAS Loop.
UNIT II
SSB MODULATION: Frequency domain description, Frequency discrimination method
for generation of AM SSB Modulated Wave, Time domain description, Phase
discrimination method for generating AM SSB Modulated waves. Demodulation of SSB
Waves, Vestigial side band modulation: Frequency description, Generation of VSB
Modulated wave, Time domain description, Envelope detection of a VSB Wave pulse
Carrier, Comparison of AM Techniques, Applications of different AM Systems. Noise in
Analog communication System, Noise in DSB and SSB System Noise in AM System
84
UNIT III
ANGLE MODULATION: Basic concepts, Frequency Modulation: Single tone
frequency modulation, Spectrum Analysis of Sinusoidal FM Wave, Narrow band FM,
Wide band FM, Transmission bandwidth of FM Wave - Generation of FM Waves,
Direct FM and Indirect FM, Detection of FM Waves: Balanced Frequency discriminator,
Foster Seeley discriminator, Ratio detector, Zero crossing detector, Phase locked
loop,Comparison of FM and AM. Noise in Angle Modulation System, Threshold effect
in Angle Modulation System, Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis
UNIT IV
TRANSMITTERS: Radio Transmitter - Classification of Transmitter, AM Transmitter,
FM Transmitter – Variable reactance type and phase modulated FM Transmitter,
frequency stability in FM Transmitter.
RECEIVERS : Radio Receiver - Receiver Types - Tuned radio frequency receiver,
Super-heterodyne receiver, RF section, Mixer (Down Converter ) and Characteristics,
Frequency Synthesizer , Frequency changing and tracking, Intermediate frequency,
AGC, FM Receiver, Comparison with AM Receiver, Amplitude limiting.
UNIT V
PULSE MODULATION: Overview of sampling for Band pass and Band limited signals,
Time Division Multiplexing, Types of Pulse modulation, PAM (Single polarity, double
polarity) PWM: Generation and demodulation of PWM, PPM, Generation and
demodulation of PPM.
TEXTBOOKS
1. Principles of Communication Systems – H Taub and D. Schilling, Gautham
Sahe, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2009.
2. Modern analog and digital Communication Systems – B.P. Lathi and Zhi
Ding, Oxford Publication,4th Edition, 2010.
3. Communication Systems – R.P. Singh, SP Sapre, 2nd Edition,TMH, 2007.
REFERENCES
1. Principles of Communication Systems - Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2nd
Edition.
2. Electronics and Communication System – George Kennedy and Bernard
Davis, TMH, 2004.
3. Fundamentals of Communication Systems - John G. Proakis, Masond, Salehi
PEA, 2006.
4. Communication Systems –B.P Lathi, B.S.Publication, 2006.
85

0 3 2
(13ECE103) ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS LABORATORY
Course Objectives
• Design and simulate various BJT and FET amplifiers.
• Design and simulate various BJT Feedback amplifiers.
• Design and simulate various BJT Oscillators.
• Design and simulate various power amplifiers and tuned amplifiers.
Course Outcomes
• Apply the concepts of amplifiers in the design of Public Addressing System
• Generate Sinusoidal wave forms
• Design stable system using feedback concepts.
• Design Class C tuned amplifier.
Design and simulation of the following circuits using simulation software and
implementation through hardware.
1. Common Emitter Amplifier with & without emitter bypass capacitor.
2. Common source Amplifier.
3. Two stage RC coupled BJT Amplifier.
4. Darlington pair.
5. Current shunt and voltage series feedback amplifier.
6. Cascode amplifier.
7. Wien bridge Oscillator using transistors
8. RC phase shift Oscillator using transistors.
9. Hartley and colpitt’s Oscillator using transistors.
10. Class A power Amplifier (Transformer less and with transformer load).
11. Class B Complementary Symmetry Amplifier.
12. Class C Tuned Amplifier.
13. MOS Amplifier.
86

0 3 2
(13ECE104) ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS LABORATORY
Course Objectives
• To analyze various modulation techniques in communications.
• To analyze various spectrums using spectrum analyzer.
• To analyze receiver characteristics.
• To understand the importance of AGC and VCO
Course Outcomes
• Simulate all the experiments using any simulation software
• Design transmitter and receiver in analog communication system
• Perform various experiments using Teena software and ASL Kit
• Understand and Analyze various problems when implemented on DSP
.
The experiments are to be software simulated and implemented through
Hardware.
At least Six experiments have to be implemented using DSP Processor, i.e., TMS
3206713.
1. Amplitude modulation and demodulation.
2. Diode detector characteristics.
3. Frequency Modulation and Demodulation.
4. Balanced Modulator.
5. Synchronous detector.
6. SSB system
7. Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis.
8. Characteristics of mixer.
9. Digital phase detector.
10. Phase locked loop using ASL kit.
11. Spectral analysis of AM and FM signals using spectrum analyzer.
12. Squelch Circuit.
13. Frequency Synthesizer.
14. AGC Characteristics and AVC using ASL kit.
15. Receiver Measurements
16. Function generator and VCO using ASL kit.
87

0 3 2
(13EIE102) PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS LABORATORY
Course Objectives
• To demonstrate the various wave shaping circuits.
• To demonstrate generation of various non-sinusoidal waveforms.
• To demonstrate functionality of various logic gates.
• To analyze dynamic response of electronic switch.
Course Outcomes
• Design linear and non linear wave shaping circuits .
• Generate various wave forms such as Square, Pulse and Sweep
• Design electronic switch.
• Design simple applications such as counters of flip-flops.
List of Experiments
1. Linear wave shaping.
2. Non Linear wave shaping – Clippers.
3. Non Linear wave shaping – Clampers.
4. Transistor as a switch.
5. Study of Logic Gates and Some applications.
6. Study of Flip-Flops and some applications.
7. Sampling Gates.
8. Astable Multivibrator.
9. Monostable Multivibrator.
10. Bistable Multivibrator.
11. Schmitt Trigger.
12. UJT Relaxation Oscillator.
13. Bootstrap sweep circuit.
14. PCB Design using ORCAD Software
88
III Year B. Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C

3 1 3
(13ITD004) COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
Course Objectives
• Learn basic hardware and software of computer organization.
• Know the instructions codes, formats and addressing modes of a computer.
• Learn micro programmed control unit and memory organization of a computer.
• Understand computer arithmetic, IO organization and parallel processing.
Course Outcomes
• Analyze the concepts of computer organization for several engineering
applications.
• Use the fundamentals of computer organization as a tool in digital systems.
• Identify, formulate, and solve hardware and software computer engineering
problems.
• Analyze IO, memory, Stack organization and parallel processing of a
computer.
UNIT I
BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS: Computer types, functional unit, basic
operational concepts, bus structures, multi processors and multi computers, multi
tasking.
Register Transfer Language and Micro operations: Register Transfer language,
register Transfer, Arithmetic Micro operations, Logic Micro operations, Shift Micro
operations , Arithmetic logic shift unit.
UNIT II
BASIC COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN: Instruction Codes, Computer
Registers, computer instructions – instruction Cycle, memory reference instructions,
input-output and interrupt.
Central Processing Unit: Stack organization, instruction formats, addressing modes,
data transfer and manipulation, program control, CISC and RISC.
UNIT III
MICROPROGRAMMED CONTROL: Control memory, address sequencing, micro
program example, design of control unit, hardwired control and micro programmed
control.
THE MEMORY ORGANIZATION: Memory hierarchy, Main Memory, Cache memory,
performance considerations, virtual memory, secondary storage.
89
UNIT IV
COMPUTER ARITHMETIC: Addition and subtraction, multiplication algorithms,
Division algorithms, floating-point arithmetic operations, Decimal arithmetic unit,
Decimal arithmetic operations.
INPUT-OUTPUT ORGANIZATION: Peripheral devices, input-output interface,
asynchronous data transfer, modes of transfer, priority interrupt, direct memory access.
UNIT V
PIPELINE AND VECTOR PROCESSING: Parallel Processing, Pipelining, Arithmetic
Pipeline, Instruction pipeline, RISC pipeline Vector Processing, Array Processors.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Computer System Architecture – M. Morris Mano, III edition, Pearson/PHI
2. Computer organization – Carl Hamacher, Zvonks Vranesic, Safeazaky, V
edition, Mc Graw Hill
REFERENCES
1. Computer Organization and Architecture – William Stallings Sixth edition,
Pearson/PHI
2. Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Design, Sivarama Dandamudi
3. Computer Architecture a Quantitative approach, John L. Hennessy and David
A Patterson, Fourth edition Elsevier.
4. Computer Architecture Fundamentals and Principles of Computer Design,
Joseph D/ Dumas II,BS Publication
90

4 0 4
(13EIE006) LINEAR AND DIGITAL IC APPLICATIONS
Course Objectives
• To study the characteristics and design concepts of operational amplifiers.
• To understand the functionality of specific ICs: 555 timer, 565, voltage
regulators.
• To study the applications and design concepts of various ICs.
• To understand concepts of Digital circuits using digital ICs.
Course Outcomes
• Analyze electrical properties of Op-Amps and design various linear and
nonlinear applications using Op-Amps.
• Design various applications of 555 timer, IC 565, voltage regulators.
• Understand and compare TTL and CMOS IC logic families.
• Design various combinational and sequential logic circuits using digital ICs.
UNIT I
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS : Classification, chip size and circuit complexity, basic
information of Op-amp, ideal and practical Op-amp, internal circuits, Op-amp
characteristics, DC and AC characteristics, 741 op-amp and its features, modes of
operation-inverting, non-inverting, differential.
OP-AMP APPLICATIONS : Basic application of Op-amp, Instrumentation amplifier, ac
amplifier, V to I and I to V converters, Sample and Hold circuits, Log and antilog
amplifier, Precision rectifiers, Differentiators, Integrators, Peak detector.
UNIT II
ACTIVE FILTERS and OSCILLATORS: Introduction, 1st order LPF, HPF filters. Band
pass, Band reject and all pass filters. Oscillator types and principle of operation – RC
and Wien bridge, waveform generators – triangular, square wave and VCO ,
Comparators.
UNIT III
SPECIAL ICs: Introduction to 555 timer, functional diagram, Monostable and Astable
operations and applications, Schmitt Trigger, PLL-Introduction, block schematic,
principles and description of individual blocks of 565, introduction to voltage regulators.
D-A AND A- D CONVERTERS : Introduction, basic DAC techniques, weighted resistor
DAC, R-2R ladder DAC, inverted R-2R DAC, and IC 1408 DAC, Different types of
91
ADCs - parallel comparator type ADC, counter type ADC, successive approximation
ADC and dual slope ADC. DAC and ADC specifications.
UNIT IV
LOGIC FAMILIES : Classification of Integrated circuits, comparison of TTL and CMOS
logic families, standard TTL NAND Gate- Analysis and characteristics, TTL open
collector O/Ps, Tristate TTL, MOS and CMOS open drain and tristate outputs, CMOS
transmission gate, IC interfacing- TTL driving CMOS and CMOS driving TTL .
UNIT V
COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT DESIGN : Design using TTL-74XX series ICs - Code
Converters, Decoders, De-multiplexers, Encoders, priority Encoders, multiplexers and
their applications, Priority Generators. Arithmetic circuit ICs-parallel binary
Adder/Subtractor circuits using 2’s-Complement system. Digital comparator circuits.
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS : Commonly available 74XX series ICs-RS, JK, JK Master
Slave, D and T Type Flip-Flops & their conversions, Design of Synchronous and
Asynchronous counters, Decade counter, shift registers and applications using TTL-
74XX series ICs.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Linear Integrated Circuits –D. Roy Chowdhury, New Age International (p) Ltd,
2ndEdition, 2008..
2. Digital Fundamentals – Floyd and Jain, Pearson Education, 8th Edition, 2005.
3. Op-Amps and Linear ICs – Ramakanth A. Gayakwad, PHI, 1987
REFERENCES
1. Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits – R.F. Coughlin and
Fredrick F. Driscoll, PHI, 1977.
2. Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits:4/e William D Stanley
PEI 2009.
3. Op Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits: Concepts and Applications by
James M.Fiore, Cengage/ Jaico ,2/e, 2009.
4. Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits by K.Lal Kishore -
Pearson education, 2008.
5. Modern Digital Electronics RP Jain 4/e TMH 2010.
92

4 1 4
(13ECE007) DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
Course Objectives
• Understand various modulation techniques.
• Study the concepts of base band transmissions.
• Knowledge of information theory.
• Importance of coding theory.
Course Outcomes
• Analyze pulse digital modulation techniques.
• Compare power spectral densities of various encoding formats and know the
Importance of pulse shaping.
• Apply modulation techniques to design a digital system.
• Understand source and channel coding schemes.
UNIT I
PULSE DIGITAL MODULATION: Elements of digital communication systems,
advantages of digital communication systems, elements of PCM: sampling,
quantization and coding, quantization error, non-uniform Quantization and
companding. Differential PCM systems (DPCM) and Adaptive DPCM.
DELTA MODULATION: Delta modulation, its drawbacks, adaptive Delta modulation,
comparison of PCM and DM systems, noise in PCM and DM systems.
UNIT II
BASE BAND TRANSMISSION: Requirements of a line encoding format, various line
encoding formats- Unipolar, Polar, Bipolar, Scrambling techniques-B8ZS,HDB3.
Computation of power spectral densities of various line encoding formats.
M-ARY PULSE MODULATION: Inter symbol interference, pulse shaping to reduce ISI,
Nyquist’s criterion, Raised cosine filter, Equalization, Correlative level coding, Duo-
binary encoding, Modified Duo-binary encoding.
UNIT III
DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES: Introduction, ASK Modulator, Coherent ASK
Detector, Non-Coherent ASK Detector, FSK, Bandwidth and frequency Spectrum of
FSK, Non-Coherent FSK Detector, Coherent FSK Detector, FSK Detection using PLL,
BPSK, Coherent PSK Detection, QPSK, DPSK, DEPSK.
93
DATA TRANSMISSION: base band signal receiver, probability of error, optimum filter,
matched filter, probability of error using matched filter, probability of error for various
line encoding formats, correlator receiver, Calculation of Probability Errors of ASK,
FSK, BPSK.
UNIT IV
INFORMATION THEORY: Information and Entropy conditional entropy, Mutual
Information, channel Capacity, Various Mathematical Modeling of Communication
Channels and their Capacities, Hartley Shannon Law, Trade off between bandwidth
and S/N ratio Source Coding. Fixed Length and Variable Length Source Coding
Schemes.
UNIT V
LINEAR BLOCK CODES: Introduction to error control coding, Matrix description of
linear block codes, error detection and error correction capabilities of linear block
codes, hamming code, binary cyclic codes, algebraic structure, encoding, syndrome
calculation and decoding.
CONVOLUTIONAL CODES: Introduction, encoding of convolutional codes, time
domain approach, transform domain approach. General approach: state, tree and
trellis diagram, decoding using Viterbi algorithm, burst error correction, block
interleaving and Convolutional interleaving.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Digital and Analog Communication Systems – Sam Shanmugam, John Wiley,
2005
2. Principles of Communication Systems – H. Taub and D. Schilling, Goutam
Saha, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2010.
REFERENCES
1. Digital Communications – Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2005.
2. Digital Communications – John Proakis, TMH, 1983.
3. Communication Systems Analog and Digital – Singh and Sapre, TMH, 2004.
4. Modern Analog and Digital Communications – B.P. Lathi and Zhi Ding,
International 4th Edition, Oxford University Press.
94
III Year B.Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C

4 0 4
(13ECE008) ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION
Course Objectives
• To know about the fundamentals to design various types of Antennas.
• To analyze the fields associated with various types of antennas along with
emphasis on their applications
• To know the measurement techniques involved in measuring antenna
parameters
• To understand the concepts of radio wave propagation in the atmosphere.
Course Outcomes
• Apply the fundamentals to design various types antennas
• Quantify the fields radiated by various types of antennas
• Analyze antenna parameters measurement to assess antenna’s performance
• Analyze the intricacies involved in propagation of waves in free space
UNIT I
ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS: Introduction, Radiation Mechanism – single wire, 2
wires, dipoles, Current Distribution on a thin wire antenna. Antenna Parameters -
Radiation Patterns, Patterns in Principal Planes, Main Lobe and Side Lobes,
Beamwidths, Polarization, Beam Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity,
Gain and Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Aperture Efficiency, Effective Height,
illustrated Problems.
UNIT II
THIN LINEAR WIRE ANTENNAS: Retarded Potentials, Radiation from Small Electric
Dipole, Quarterwave Monopole and Halfwave Dipole – Current Distributions,
Evaluation of Field Components, Power Radiated, Radiation Resistance, Beamwidths,
Directivity, Effective Area and Effective Hight. Natural current distributions, fields and
patterns of Thin Linear Center-fed Antennas of different lengths, Radiation Resistance
at a point which is not current maximum. Antenna Theorems – Applicability and Proofs
for equivalence of directional characteristics, Loop Antennas : Small Loops - Field
Components, Comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole, Concept of short
magnetic dipole, D and Rr relations for small loops.
95
UNIT III
ANTENNA ARRAYS : 2 element arrays – different cases, Principle of Pattern
Multiplication, N element Uniform Linear Arrays – Broadside, Endfire Arrays, EFA with
Increased Directivity, Derivation of their characteristics and comparison; Concept of
Scanning Arrays. Directivity Relations (no derivations). Related Problems. Binomial
Arrays, Effects of Uniform and Non-uniform Amplitude Distributions, Design Relations.
Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi - Uda Arrays, Folded Dipoles and their
characteristics.
NON-RESONANT RADIATORS : Introduction, Traveling wave radiators – basic
concepts, Longwire antennas – field strength calculations and patterns, Microstrip
Antennas-Introduction, Features, Advantages and Limitations, Rectangular Patch
Antennas –Geometry and Parameters, Impact of different parameters on
characteristics. Broadband Antennas: Helical Antennas – Significance, Geometry,
basic properties; Design considerations for monofilar helical antennas in Axial Mode
and Normal Modes (Qualitative Treatment).
UNIT IV
VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - I : Reflector Antennas : Flat Sheet and
Corner Reflectors. Paraboloidal Reflectors – Geometry, characteristics, types of feeds,
F/D Ratio, Spill Over, Back Lobes, Aperture Blocking, Off-set Feeds, Cassegrainian
Feeds.
Horn Antennas – Types, Optimum Horns, Design Characteristics of Pyramidal Horns;
Lens Antennas – Geometry, Features, Dielectric Lenses and Zoning, Applications,
Antenna Measurements – Patterns Required, Set Up, Distance Criterion, Directivity
and Gain Measurements (Comparison, Absolute and 3-Antenna Methods).
UNIT V
WAVE PROPAGATION : Concepts of Propagation – frequency ranges and types of
propagations. Ground Wave Propagation–Characteristics, Parameters, Wave Tilt, Flat
and Spherical Earth Considerations. Sky Wave Propagation – Formation of
Ionospheric Layers and their Characteristics, Mechanism of Reflection and Refraction,
Critical Frequency, MUF and Skip Distance – Calculations for flat and spherical earth
cases, Optimum Frequency, LUHF, Virtual Height, Ionospheric Abnormalities,
Ionospheric Absorption.
Fundamental Equation for Free-Space Propagation, Basic Transmission Loss
Calculations. Space Wave Propagation – Mechanism, LOS and Radio Horizon.
Tropospheric Wave Propagation – Radius of Curvature of path, Effective Earth’s
Radius, Effect of Earth’s Curvature, Field Strength Calculations, M-curves and Duct
Propagation, Tropospheric Scattering.
96
TEXT BOOKS
1. Antennas for All Applications – John D. Kraus and Ronald J. Marhefka, 3rd
Edition, TMH, 2003.
2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G.
Balmain, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2000.
REFERENCES
1. Antenna Theory - C.A. Balanis, John Wiley and Sons, 2nd Edition, 2001.
2. Antennas and Wave Propagation – K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech
India Publications, New Delhi, 2001.
3. Transmission and Propagation – E.V.D. Glazier and H.R.L. Lamont, The
Services Text Book of Radio, vol. 5,
Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi.
4. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th Edition,
1955.
5. Antennas – John D. Kraus, McGraw-Hill, 2nd Edition, 1988.
97

4 0 4
(13EEE008) CONTROL SYSTEMS
Course Objectives
• To understand the different ways of system representations such as Transfer
function representation and state space representations and Should able to
assess the system dynamic response
• To assess the system performance using time domain analysis and should
know how to improve it
• To assess the system performance using frequency domain analysis and
should know how to improve it
• To design various controllers and compensators to improve system
performance
Course outcomes
• know how to improve the system performance by selecting a suitable
controller and/or compensator for a specific application
• Apply various time domain and frequency domain techniques to assess the
system performance
• Apply various control strategies to different applications (example: Power
systems, electrical drives etc…)
• Test system Controllability and Observability using state space
representation and applications of state space representation to various
systems.
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION
Concepts of Control Systems- Open Loop and closed loop control systems and their
differences- Different examples of control systems- Classification of control systems,
Feed-Back Characteristics, Effects of feedback.
Mathematical models – Differential equations, Impulse Response and transfer
functions - Translational and Rotational mechanical systems
UNIT II
TRANSFER FUNCTION REPRESENTATION AND TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Transfer Function of DC Servo motor - AC Servo motor- Synchro transmitter and
Receiver, Block diagram representation of systems considering electrical systems as
examples -Block diagram algebra – Representation by Signal flow graph - Reduction
using Mason’s gain formula.
98
Standard test signals - Time response of first order systems – Characteristic Equation
of Feedback control systems, Transient response of second order systems - Time
domain specifications – Steady state response - Steady state errors and error
constants – Effects of proportional derivative, proportional integral systems.
UNIT III
STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S-DOMAIN
The concept of stability – Routh’s stability criterion – qualitative stability and conditional
stability – limitations of Routh’s stability.
ROOT LOCUS TECHNIQUE
The root locus concept - construction of root loci-effects of adding poles and zeros to
G(s) H(s) on the root loci.
UNIT IV
FREQUENCY RESPONSE AND STABILITY ANALYSIS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN
Introduction, Frequency domain specifications-Bode diagrams-Determination of
Frequency domain specifications and transfer function from the Bode Diagram-Phase
margin and Gain margin-Stability Analysis from Bode Plots. Polar Plots-Nyquist Plots-
Stability Analysis.
UNIT V
CLASSICAL CONTROL DESIGN TECHNIQUES AND STATE SPACE ANALYSIS
OF CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS
Compensation techniques – Lag, Lead and Lead-Lag Controllers design in frequency
Domain, PD, PI and PID Controllers.
Concepts of state, state variables and state model, derivation of state models from
block diagrams, Diagonalization- Solving the Time invariant state Equations- State
Transition Matrix and it’s Properties – Concepts of Controllability and Observability.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Control Systems Engineering by I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, New Age
International (P) Limited, Publishers, 2nd edition.
2. Automatic Control Systems 8th edition by B. C. Kuo 2003– John wiley and
sons.
REFERENCES
1. Modern Control Engineering by Katsuhiko Ogata, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd., 3rd edition, 1998.
2. Control Systems by N.K.Sinha, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers,
3rd Edition, 1998.
3. Control Systems Engineering. by NISE, John wiley, 3rd Edition.
4. Modelling and Control Of Dynamic Systems by Narciso F. Macia George J.
Thaler, Thomson Publishers.
5. Modern control system theory by M.Gopal, New age international publishers,
Revised second edition.
99
III Year B.Tech ECE– I Sem L T/P/D C

0 3 2
(13ENG102) ADVANCED ENGLISH COMMUNICATION SKILLS LABORATORY

Introduction
This course aims to offer students a practical approach to Technical Writing, and
provide a relevant, contemporary and authoritative introduction to the dynamic field of
technical communication that prepares them for Workplace Communication. Each unit
in the syllabus is devised so as to include a writing component as well as an oral
component.
Course objectives:
• enable the students to create clear, accurate, and succinct content to write
business letters, resume, SOP, Proposals and Technical Reports for
academics as well as for workplace
• enable students to adjust technical content to meet the needs of a specific
target audience
• groom students to speak accurately and fluently and prepare them for real
world activities through behavioral skills.
• train students in soft skills through role play and group discussion to improve
their EQ.
Course Outcomes:
Students will be able to:
• summarize and synthesize information and produce technical writing that is
required in academics as well as in the engineering profession
• write covering letters, resume, SOP, Project Proposals and Technical Reports
• speak fluently and address a large group of audience and participate in
debates and discussions.
• negotiate terms, manage complex situations through interpersonal skills,
persuade people and make quick decisions.
Methodology
Writing Component
A Process- Genre methodology will be used in teaching the technical genres. This
method would enable students to understand the use of particular lexico-grammatical
patterns required of in the context of technical writing. They would learn to use
language to express the particular communicative intent that is required of in the
context of writing these genres.
100
Syllabus Outline
UNIT I
1. Applications and Covering letters
2. Resume Writing
3. Verbal Ability: language, reading and listening, reasoning and analysis
4. Oral Communication :Talking About Yourself
UNIT II
1. Writing an SOP
2. Summarizing and Synthesizing Information (Precis Writing)
3. Oral Communication: Making Presentations
UNIT III
1. Writing Project Proposals
2. Oral Communication: Group Discussions
UNIT IV
1. Writing Project Reports
2. Oral Communication: Interview Skills
UNIT V
Behavioral Skills and Personality Development
1. Building a positive attitude, building a positive personality, Motivation, goal
setting & values & vision
2. Problem Solving and Decision Making; Negotiation Skills through Role Play
3. Team Building and Leadership Abilities
4. Social Etiquette
REQUIRED TEXT AND MATERIALS
1. Ashraf Rizvi, M (2005). Effective Technical Communication, Tata Mc Graw
Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.
2. Anderson, Paul V. (2003). Reports. In Paul V. Anderson's Technical
Communication: A Reader-Centered Approach ( 5th ed..) (pp. 457-473).
Boston: Heinle.
3. William S. Pfeiffer, (2012) Technical Communication: A Practical Approach
(7th ed.) Longman
REFERENCES
1. Burnett, Rebecca. Technical Communication. 5th Ed., Heinle, 2001.
2. Gerson Sharon J. and Steven Gerson : Technical Writing Process and
Product. 3rd edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall 1999
3. Markel, Mike. Technical Communication: Situations and Strategies (8th
EDITION (2006-2007)
4. R. C. Sharma and K. Mohan, Business Correspondence and Report Writing,
Third Edition, TMH, 2002. (Indian Edition)
5. M. Raman and S. Sharma, Technical Communication : Principles and
Practices, OUP, 2004. (Indian Edition)
101
VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering And Technology

0 3 2
(13EIE104) LINEAR AND DIGITAL IC APPLICATIONS LABORATARY
Course Objectives
• To demonstrate the characteristics and applications of Op-Amps
• To verify the functionality of specific ICs: 555 timer, IC 565, Voltage
regulators
• To verify the functions of various digital ICs
• To study and build applications with ASLKV2010 Starter Kit
Course Outcomes
• Design various applications using Op-Amps
• Design various applications with specific ICs: 555 timer, IC 565, voltage
regulators
• Design digital circuits using digital ICs
• Design applications using ASLKV2010 Starter Kit
Note: Minimum of 12 experiments have to be conducted (Four from each part).

List of Experiments:
PART 1: To Verify the following Functions.
1. Adder, Subtractor, Comparator using IC 741 OP-AMP.
2. Square Wave Generator and Triangular Wave Generator using OP-AMP.
3. RC Phase Shift & Wien Bridge Oscillators using IC 741 OP-AMP.
4. 4.bit Digital to Analog converter.
5. Schmitt Trigger circuits using IC 741 & IC 555.
6. Voltage Regulator using IC 723, Three terminal voltage regulators-7805,
7809, 7912.
PART -2: T0 Verify the Functionality of the following 74 Series TTL ICs.
7. D-Flip- Flop – (74LS74) and JK Master-Slave Flip- Flop (74LS73).
8. Decade Counter (74LS90) and UP-DOWN Counter (74LS192).
9. Universal Shift registers – 74LS194/195.
10. 3- 8 Decoder – 74LS138.
11. 4-bit COMPARATOR -74LS85.
12. 8X1 Multiplexer– 74151 and 2X4 De-multiplexer- 74155.
102
PART - 3: Design of the Analog Systems using Analog System Lab Starter Kit
(ASLKV2010 Starter Kit).
13. Negative Feedback Amplifier and Instrumentation Amplifier.
14. Regenerative Feedback system, Astable and Monostable Multivibrator.
15. Integrators and Differentiators
16. Analog Filters
17. Low Dropout (LDO)/Linear Regulator.
103

0 3 2
(13ECE105) DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS LABORATORY

Course Objectives
• To analyze various modulation techniques.
• To verify the sampling theorem.
• To study the spectral characteristics of PAM and QAM
• Develop various algorithms
Course Outcomes
• Develop any real time application using digital modulation techniques.
• Knowledge of time division multiplexing and its importance in real time
applications.
• Create various algorithms.
• Evaluate the performance of various modulations.
The Experiments should be software simulated using MatLab and implemented
through Hardware.
At least Six experiments have to be implemented using DSP Processor, i.e., TMS
3206713.
1. Pulse Amplitude Modulation and demodulation.
2. Pulse Width Modulation and demodulation.
3. Pulse Position Modulation and demodulation.
4. Sampling Theorem – verification.
5. Time division multiplexing.
6. Pulse code modulation.
7. Differential pulse code modulation.
8. Delta modulation.
9. Amplitude Shift Key(ASK)
10. Frequency shift keying.
11. Phase shift keying.
12. Differential phase shift keying.
13. Study of the spectral characteristics of PAM and QAM
104
III Year B.Tech ECE – II Sem L T/P/D C

4 0 4
(13CMS001) BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Course Objectives
• To explain different forms of organizing private and public sector business
enterprises and to analyze the significance of Business Economics in solving
the problems of business enterprise. Also to define and analyze the concepts
of Demand, Elasticity of Demand and Demand Forecasting Methods.
• To analyze the various types of costs and to determine the level of output at
which there is neither profit nor loss. To estimate capital requirements and to
describe various sources of mobilizing funds. Also to identify least cost
combinations of inputs produce desired quantity of output.
• To describe the features of different market structure and pricing strategies.
• To explain the basic accounting concepts and conventions. To elaborate the
importance of finance function for evaluating the economic status of a
business unit.
Course Outcomes
• Select the suitable form of business organization which meets the
requirement of selected business also perform decision – making function
effectively in an uncertain frame work by applying concepts of Managerial
Economics. Meet and manipulate the demand efficiently and plan the future
course of action.
• Apply right kind cost to reduce cost by paying attention towards the costs
which can be reduced. Take decision whether to buy or produce? Reduce the
cost of capital by selecting best source of fund mobilization and select best
investment opportunity which yields higher rate of return.
• Fix the right price which can best meets the predetermined objectives of the
business firm under different market conditions. Able to select best
combination of inputs to produce required quantity of output.
• Prepare books of accounts and know over all financial position of the
business enterprise which enables the concerned to take appropriate
measures to improve the situation. Also interpret the financial position from
difference angles and initiates the measures/ efforts in that direction.
105
UNIT - I
BUSINESS AND NEW ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Characteristic features of business; Features and evaluation of sole proprietorship;
Partnership; Joint stock company; Public enterprises and their types; Changing
business environment in post- liberalization scenario.
UNIT - II
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND DEMAND ANALYSIS
Definition; Nature and scope of managerial economics - demand analysis
determinants; Law of demand and its exceptions.
ELASTICITY OF DEMAND AND DEMAND FORECASTING
Definition; Types; Measurement and significance of elasticity of demand; Demand
forecasting; Factors governing demand forecasting; Methods of demand forecasting -
Survey methods, statistical methods, Expert opinion method, Test marketing,
Controlled experiments, and Judgmental approach to demand forecasting.
UNIT - III
COST ANALYSIS
Cost concepts - Opportunity cost, Fixed vs. Variable costs, Explicit costs vs. Implicit
costs, and Out of pocket costs vs. Imputed costs; Break-even analysis (BEA) -
determination of break-even point (simple problems), managerial significance, and
limitations of BEA.
CAPITAL AND CAPITAL BUDGETING
Capital and its significance; Types of capital; Estimation of fixed and working capital
requirements; Methods and sources of raising finance.
Nature and scope of capital budgeting; Features of capital budgeting proposals;
Methods of capital budgeting - payback method, Accounting Rate of Return (ARR),
and Net Present Value method (simple problems)
UNIT - IV
THEORY OF PRODUCTION
Production function - isoquants and isocosts, least cost combination of inputs, and
laws of returns; Internal and external economies of scale.
MARKET STRUCTURES
Types of competition; Features of perfect competition, Monopoly, and Monopolistic
competition; Price-output determination in case of perfect competition and Monopoly.
PRICING POLICIES AND METHODS
Cost plus pricing; Marginal cost pricing; Sealed bid pricing; Going rate pricing, Limit
pricing, Market skimming pricing, Penetration pricing, Two-part pricing, Block pricing,
Bundling pricing, Peak load pricing, Cross subsidization.
106
UNIT V
INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Double-entry book keeping; Journal; Ledger; Trial balance; Final accounts - trading
account, profit and loss account, and balance sheet with simple adjustments.
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS THROUGH RATIOS
Computation; Analysis and interpretation of liquidity ratios - current ratios, and quick
ratio; Activity ratios - Inventory Turnover ratio, and Debtor Turnover ratio; Capital
structure ratios – Debt-Equity ratio, and Interest Coverage Ratio; Profitability ratios -
Gross profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio, Operating Ratio, P/E ratio, and EPs.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis by Aryasri, Tata McGraw Hill,
2009.
2. Managerial Economics by Varshney & Maheswari, Sultan Chand, 2009.
REFERENCES
1. Financial Accounting for Management: An analytical perspective by Ambrish

Gupta, Pearson Education, 2010.
2. Managerial Economics by H. Craig Peterson & W. Cris Lewis, Prentice Hall
of India.
107

4 1 4
(13ECE009) MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS
Course Objectives
• To understand characteristics and architectures of various microprocessors
and microcontrollers.
• Understand basic programming concepts and software tools
• Learn various interfacing circuits necessary for various applications
• To learn various interfacing concepts.
Course Outcomes
• Demonstrate the ability to design a system, component or a process as per
needs and specifications
• Select the proper architecture for the implementation of digital designs
• Write various assembly language programs for a given task using 8086, 8051
and ARM processors.
• Design and implement microprocessor and microcontroller based systems.
UNIT I
Introduction to 8085 Microprocessor, Architecture of 8086 Microprocessor, Addressing
modes of 8086, Instruction set of 8086, Assembler directives, simple assembly
language programs, procedures, and macros. Pin diagram of 8086-Minimum mode
and maximum mode of operation.
UNIT II
Memory and I/O organization of 8086, 8255 PPI – various modes of operation and
interfacing to 8086, D/A and A/D converter to 8086 using 8255, memory interfacing to
8086.
UNIT III
Serial Communication standards, serial data transfer schemes, 8251 USART
architecture and interfacing, RS-232, IEEE 488 standards. Interrupt structure of 8086,
Interrupt Vector Table. Need for 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller.
108
UNIT IV
Introduction to Microcontrollers, 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, I/O ports, memory
organization, counters and Timers, Serial data Input/Output, Interrupts. Addressing
modes, Instruction set of 8051, Simple programs.
Timer, serial port and Interrupts programming: Programming 8051 timers/counters,
8051 serial port programming, programming timer interrupts, programming External
hardware interrupts, programming serial communication interrupts.
UNIT V
Interfacing to 8051: A/D and D/A Converter, Stepper Motor Interface, Key Board
Interfacing, LCD Interfacing.
ARM Processor: Fundamentals, Registers, current program status register, pipeline,
Exceptions, Interrupt and the vector table.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Microprocessors and interfacing – Douglas V. Hall, TMH, 2nd Edition, 1999.
2. The 8051 microcontrollers and Embedded systems- Mazidi and mazidi, PHI,
2000.
3. ARM System Developer’s Guide: Designing and Optimizing System
Software- Andrew N. Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, Elsevier Inc., 2007
REFERENCES
1. Micro computer systems, The 8086/8088 Family Architecture, Programming
and Design – Y.Liu and G.A. Gibson, PHI, 2nd edition.
2. Advanced microprocessors and Peripherals – A.K.Ray and K.M.Bhurchandi,
TMH, 2000.
3. Micro Computer System 8086/8088 Family Architecture Programming and
Design – By Liu and GA Gibson PHI, 2nd Edition
4. Microcontrollers and Applications, Ajay . V. Deshmukh, TMGH,2005.
5. The 8085 Microprocessor : Architecture Programming and Interfacing –
K.Uday Kumar, B.S Umashankar, Pearson , 2008.
109

3 1 3
(13ECE010) DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Course Objectives
• To understand characteristics of discrete time signals and systems
• To analyze and process signals using various transform techniques
• To understand various factors involved in design of digital filters and role of
Multi rate Signal Processing.
• To understand the effects of finite word length implementation.
Course Outcomes
• Analyze and process signals in the discrete domain and their transformation
• Design filters to suit specific applications
• Design multi rate signal processing of signals through systems.
• Analyze binary fixed point and floating-point representation of numbers and
arithmetic operations.
UNIT I
Introduction: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing. Applications of Z-Transforms :
Solution of Linear constant coefficient difference equations, Block diagram
representation of LCCD equations. System function, Frequency domain representation
of discrete time signals and systems.
Discrete Fourier series: DFS representation of periodic sequences, Relation between
Z-transform and DFS.
UNIT II
Discrete Fourier Transforms: Properties of DFT, linear convolution of sequences
using DFT, Computation of DFT.
Fast Fourier Transforms: Radix-2 decimation in time and decimation in frequency
FFT Algorithms, Inverse FFT. Composite algorithm.
UNIT III
IIR Digital Filters: Analog filter approximations- Butterworth and Chebyshev ,
comparison of Butterworth and Chebyshev filters. Design of IIR Digital filters from
analog filters, Step and Impulse invariance transformation techniques, Bilinear
transformation method. Spectral transformations (Analog to Analog).
110
Realization of IIR Filters: Direct, Canonic, Cascade, Parallel, Lattice and Ladder
forms.
UNIT IV
FIR Digital Filters : Characteristics of linear phase FIR filters and its frequency
response. Comparison of IIR and FIR filters.
Design of FIR filters : Fourier Method, Frequency Sampling method and windowing
methods: Rectangular window, Hanning window, Hamming window, Bartlett window
and Kaiser window.,
Realization of FIR Filters: Direct form, cascade realization and Linear phase
Realization.
UNIT V
Multirate Digital Signal Processing: Introduction, Down sampling, Decimation, Up
sampling, Interpolation, sampling rate conversion, Implementation of sampling rate
conversion, Applications of Multirate Signal Processing.
Finite Word Length Effects: Limit cycles, Overflow oscillations, Round-off noise in IIR
digital filters , Computational output round off noise, Methods to prevent overflow,
Tradeoff between round off and overflow noise, Measurement of coefficient
quantization effects through pole-zero movement, Dead band effects.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and Applications – John
G.Proakis, D.G.Manolakis, 4th Edition, Perason/PHI, 2009.
2. Digital Signal Processing – A Pratical Approach – Emmanuel C.Ifeacher,
Barrie. W. Jervis, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2009.
REFERENCES
1. Discrete Time Signal Processing – A.V.Oppenheim and R.W. Schaffer, PHI,
2009
2. Digital Signal Processing- Fundamentals and Applications – Li Tan, Elsevier,
2008.
3. Fundamentals of Digital signal Processing using MatLab- Robert J.Schilling,
Sandra L.Harris,Thomson , 2007.
4. Digital Signal Processing – S.Salivahanan, A.Vallavaraj, C.Gnanapriya,TMH,
2009.
5. Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing - Loney Ludeman, John
Wiley,2009.
111

4 0 4
(13ECE011)MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
Course Objectives
• To present a cohesive overview of the required fundamentals on
Transmission lines and Wave Propagation Theory in the case of Wave
guides.
• To understand various coupling techniques in waveguides and the basic
properties of Polarization in Ferrite based materials in the case of waveguide
components.
• To introduce the multiport junction concept for splitting the microwave energy
in a desired direction.
• To get exposure on Microwave components in building a Microwave test
bench setup for measurements.
Course Outcomes
• Understand the basics of wave propagation inside waveguides
• Analyze the ferrite based microwave components
• Apply the scattering parameters calculation in characterizing microwave
junctions
• Analyze various types of Microwave measurements using a Microwave test
bench
UNIT I
Microwave Transmission Lines
Introduction, Microwave Spectrum and Bands, Applications of Microwaves.
Rectangular Waveguides: Solution of Wave Equations in Rectangular coordinates.
TE/TM mode Analysis, Expression for fields, Characteristic Equation and Cut-off
Frequencies. Filter characteristics, Dominant and Degenerate Modes, Mode
Characteristics: Phase and Group Velocities, Wavelengths and Impedance Relations.
Power Transmission and Power Losses in Rectangular Waveguides.
Microstrip Lines- Introduction, Z0 Relations, Effective Dielectric Constant, Q Factor

and Losses. Illustrative Problems
112
UNIT II
Waveguide components-I
Cavity Resonators: Introduction, Rectangular Cavities, Dominant Modes and
Resonant Frequencies, Q factor and Coupling Coefficients, Illustrative Problems.
Coupling Mechanisms: Probe, Loop, Aperture types.
Waveguide Discontinuities: Waveguide Windows, Tuning Screws and Posts,
Matched Loads.
Waveguide Attenuators: Different types, Resistive Card and Rotary vane
Attenuators;
Waveguide Phase shifters: Types, Dielectric and Rotary vane Phase shifters.
UNIT III
Waveguide components-II
Ferrite materials –Composition and Characteristics, Faraday Rotation, Ferrite
Components -Isolator, Circulator, Gyrator.
Scattering Matrix: Significance, Scattering Parameters, Formulation and Properties of
S Matrix.
Waveguide Multiport Junctions: E- plane, H-Plane and Magic Tee; Directional
coupler –two hole, Bethe Hole types. S matrix calculations of Two port and Multiport
Junctions.
UNIT IV
Microwave Tubes: Limitations of Conventional tubes at Microwave frequencies,
Microwave Tubes- Classifications, 2 cavity Klystrons –Structure, Velocity Modulation
process and Applegate diagram, Bunching process, Power output and efficiency.
Reflex Klystrons-Structure, Velocity Modulation, Applegate diagram and Principle of
Working, Mode Characteristics, Power Output and Efficiency, Oscillating Modes and
output characteristics.
Traveling Wave tubes: Significance, Types of Slow wave structures, Amplification
Process, Gain considerations (Qualitative analysis only)
Microwave crossed field tubes: Classification, Cylindrical Magnetron-Structure and
characteristics, PI mode operation. Illustrative problems.
UNIT V
Microwave Solid State Devices:
Transferred Electronic Devices: Introduction, Gunn Diode-Principle, Two valley theory,
High field domain, Basic modes of operation. Avalanche transit time devices:
Introduction, Avalanche multiplication. IMPATT, TRAPATT -Principle of Operation.
113
Microwave Measurements
Description of Microwave Bench – Different Blocks and their Features, Microwave
power measurement- Bolometer Method. Measurement of Attenuation, Frequency,
VSWR, Cavity Q and Impedance Measurements.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Microwave Devices and Circuits – by Samuel Y. Liao, Pearson,3rd
Edition,2003
2. Microwave Principles – Herbert J. Reich, J.G. Skalnik, P.F. Ordung and H.L.
Krauss, CBS Publishers and
distributors, New Delhi, 2004.
3. Foundations for Microwave Engineering – R.E. Collin, IEEE Press, John
Wiley, 2nd Edition, 2002.
REFERENCES
1. Microwave Circuits and Passive Devices – M.L. Sisodia and
G.S.Raghuvanshi, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New age
2. International PublishersLtd., 1995.
3. Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits – Peter A. Rizzi, PHI, 1999.
4. Microwave Engineering – A.Das and S.K.Das, TMH, 2nd Edition, 2009.
114

3 1 3
(13EIE024) ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
Course Objectives
• Develop an awareness to various electronic measurement Concepts
• Explain the operation and design of different electronic instruments
• Compare different ADC and DAC techniques and explain various circuits for
conversion.
• Explain the operations of frequency and time measuring instruments and
transducers.
Course Outcomes
• Apply measurement and instrumentation systems for electrical and electronics
engineering.
• Design signal conditioning circuits corresponding to the measurement
purposes.
• Learn different types of CRO’s and bridges to measure resistance, capacitance
and inductance.
• Design real time applications using transducers.
UNIT I
Performance characteristics of instruments, static characteristics, Accuracy,
Resolution, Precision, Expected value, Errors, Sensitivity. Errors in measurement ,
Dynamic Characteristics , DC voltmeters. D’Arsonval Movement, DC Current meters,
AC volt meters and Current Meters, Range Extension /solid state and Differential
voltmeters ,AC voltmeters, Multirange extension , Thermocouple type RF ammeter ,
ohmmeter series type , shunt type , Specifications and design consideration of different
types of Digital Voltmeters ( DVMs ) - Staircase Ramp- type DVM, Dual Slope
integrating type DVM, Successive Approximation Type DVM.
UNIT II
Signal generators-Fixed and variable , AF oscillators , Standard and AF sine and
square wave signal generators , Function Generators ,Square , pulse generator ,
Signal Analyzer, Logic Analyzer, Network Analyzer, Random noise generator, sweep
generator , arbitrary waveform generator Wave analyzers , harmonic distortion wave
analyzer , spectrum analyzers Frequency counter , time and period measurement.
115
UNIT III
Oscilloscopes- CRT Features, vertical amplifiers, Horizontal deflection system, sweep,
trigger pulse, delay line, sync selector circuits ,simple CRO, Trigger sweep CRO, dual
beam CRO , Dual trace oscilloscope, sampling oscilloscope ,storage oscilloscope,
measurement of amplitude and frequency, probes for CRO-active and passive , CRO
Specifications, High Frequency CRO‘s.
UNITIV
DC bridges- Wheatstone’s bridge, Kelvin’s bridge, AC bridges-measurement of
inductance-Maxwell’s bridge, Hay’s bridge, measurement of capacitance, schering
bridge, wien bridge, errors and precautions in using bridges, Q-meter,different
connections in Q- meter.
UNITV
Transducers-active and passive transducers-Resistance transducers , Capacitance
transducers, inductance transducers, Strain gauges transducers, LVDT transducers,
Piezo electric transducers, Resistance thermometers, Thermocouples, Measurement
of physical parameters- flow measurement, liquid level measurement , data acquisition
systems.
TEXTBOOKS
1. Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation - K.Lal Kishore, Pearson
Education, 2005
2. Electronic Instrumentation, - H.S.Kalsi, 2nd Edition ,Tata McGraw Hill, 2004.
3. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques-
A.D.Helfrick and W.D. Cooper, 5thEdition ,PHI, 2002.
REFERENCES
1. Transducers and display systems - B.S.Sonde
2. Electronic measurements and Instrumentation – B. M. Oliver and J.M. Cage,
TMH, 2009.
3. Electrical and Electronic measurements - Shawney, Khanna Publications.
4. Introduction to Instrumentation and measurements - Robert Northrop ( CRC
press)
116

Open Elective 3 0 3
(13ITD005) JAVA PROGRAMMING
Course Learning Objectives

• To produce object-oriented solutions to a range of standard programming
problems
• They will be able to articulate and restructure programming objectives in the
object-oriented paradigm.
• They will be informed with regard to the fundamental concepts and principles
of object-oriented programming
• They will be able to apply these concepts in any programming language.
Course Outcomes
• Design/Develop Program
• Implement Program
• Test Program
• Validate Program
UNIT-I
Fundamentals of Object Oriented programming: Object oriented paradigm - Basic
concepts of Object Oriented Programming - Benefits of OOP - Applications of OOP
Java Evolution: Java Features - How Java differs from C and C++ - Java and Internet
- Java and World Wide Web - Web Browsers - Hardware and Software Requirements -
Java Environment. Overview of Java Language: Simple Java Program - Java Program
Structure - Java Tokens- Java Statements - Implementing a Java Program - Java
Virtual Machine - Constants - Variables - Data types - Scope of Variables-Symbolic
Constants-Type Casting and type promotions – Operators, Operator Precedence and
Associatively - Control Statements – break - continue- Arrays-Multi dimensional arrays,
Wrapper Classes - Simple examples.
UNIT-II
Classes: Classes and Objects - Constructors – methods - this keyword – garbage
collection- finalize - Overloading methods and constructors - Access Control- Static
members – nested and inner classes – command line arguments - variable length
arguments.
117
Inheritance: Forms of inheritance – specialization, specification, construction,
extension, limitation, combination, benefits and costs of inheritance. Super uses- final -
polymorphism, method overriding - dynamic method dispatch –abstract classes –
exploring string class.
UNIT-III
Packages and Interfaces: Defining and accessing a package – understanding
CLASSPATH – access protection importing packages – Interfaces - Defining and
implementing an interface, Applying interfaces, Variables in interfaces and extended
interfaces. Exploring java.lang and java.util packages.
Exception Handling-Fundamentals, usage of try, catch, multiple catch clauses, throw,
throws and finally. Java Built in Exceptions and creating own exception subclasses.
UNIT - IV
Multithreaded Programming: Java Thread life cycle model – Thread creation -
Thread Exceptions - Thread Priority – Synchronization - Messaging - Runnable
Interface - Interthread Communication - Deadlock - Suspending, Resuming and
stopping threads.
I/O Streams: File – Streams – Advantages - The stream classes – Byte streams –
Character streams.
Networks basics: Socket Programming - Proxy Servers - TCP/IP Sockets - Net
Address - URL - Datagram’s
UNIT – V
Applet Programming: How Applets differ from Applications - Applet Life Cycle -
Creating an Applet - Running the Applet- Designing a Webpage - Applet Tag - Adding
Applet to HTML file - More about Applet Tag - Passing parameters to Applets - Aligning
the display.
Event handling: basics of event handling, Event classes, Event Listeners, delegation
event model, handling mouse and keyboard events, adapter classes, AWT Class
hierarchy - AWT Controls - Layout Managers and Menus, limitations of AWT, Swing,
MVC architecture, components, containers, exploring swing.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. The Complete Reference Java J2SE 5th Edition, Herbert Schildt, TMH
Publishing Company Ltd, NewDelhi.
2. Big Java 2nd Edition, Cay Horstmann, John Wiley and Sons
REFERENCES
1. Java How to Program, Sixth Edition, H.M.Dietel and P.J.Dietel, Pearson
Education/PHI
2. Core Java 2, Vol 1, Fundamentals, Cay.S.Horstmann and Gary Cornell,
Seventh Edition, Pearson Education.
3. Core Java 2, Vol 2, Advanced Features, Cay.S.Horstmann and Gary Cornell,
Seventh Edition, Pearson Education.
118
III Year B.Tech ECE–II Sem L T/P/D C

Open Elective 3 0 3
(13CSE012) CYBER SECURITY

Course Objectives
• This course provides an overview of Information Security and Assurance over
the Internet.
• Students will be exposed to the spectrum of security activities, methods,
methodologies, and procedures with emphasis on practical aspects of
Information Security
• In this course Service Processes, storage and security management, Cyber
Forensics and standard, laws and Acts for Information Security will be learnt.
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to
• Understand security principles, threats and attack techniques
• Describe authentication and access control
• Describe reference monitors, and security models
• Understand Service Delivery and support process and Understand network
security and operating system security
• Understand storage and security management and Understand Cyber
forensics and use tools for imaging and recovery
• Understand various information security, laws and standards.
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION: Introduction and Overview of Cyber Crime, Nature and Scope of
Cyber Crime, Types of Cyber Crime: Social Engineering, Categories of Cyber Crime,
Property Cyber Crime. CYBER CRIME ISSUES: Unauthorized Access to Computers,
Computer Intrusions, White collar Crimes, Viruses and Malicious Code, Internet
Hacking and Cracking, Virus Attacks, Pornography, Software Piracy, Intellectual
Property, Mail Bombs, Exploitation ,Stalking and Obscenity in Internet, Digital laws and
legislation, Law Enforcement Roles and Responses.Security Policy Design, Designing
Security Procedures, Risk Assessment Techniques, Security standards, Biba Model,
Chinese wall, Bell La Pedula Model.
UNIT II
SERVICE DELIVERY PROCESS- Service Delivery Process, Service Level
Management, Financial Management, Service Management, Capacity Management,
Availability Management.
SERVICE SUPPORT PROCESS- Service Support Process, Configuration
Management, Incident Management, Problem Management, Change Management,
Release Management.
119
UNIT III
STORAGE MANAGEMENT- Backup & Storage, Archive & Retrieve, Disaster
Recovery, Space Management, Database & Application Protection, Bare Machine
Recovery, Data Retention
SECURITY MANAGEMENT- Security, Computer and internet Security, Physical
Security,Identity Management, Access Management. Intrusion Detection, Security
Information Management.
UNIT IV
Cyber Forensics- Introduction to Digital Forensics, Forensic Software and Hardware,
Analysis and Advanced Tools, Forensic Technology and Practices, Forensic Ballistics
and Photography, Face, Iris and Fingerprint Recognition, Audio Video Analysis,
Windows System Forensics, Linux System Forensics, Network Forensics Evaluation of
crime scene and evidence collection ,Usage of tools for disk imaging and recovery
processes.
UNIT V
Introduction to Information Security Standards , Laws and Acts: Laws and Ethics,
Digital Evidence Controls, Evidence Handling Procedures, Basics of Indian Evidence
ACT IPC and CrPC , Electronic Communication Privacy ACT, Legal Policies,ISO
27001,PCI DSS,IT Act, Copy Right Act.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Nelson Phillips and Enfinger Steuart, “Computer Forensics and
Investigations”, Cengage Learning, New Delhi, 2009.
2. "Management of Information Security", M. E. Whitman, H. J. Mattord, Nelson
Education / CENGAGE Learning, 2011, 3rd Edition.
3. "Guide to Computer Forensics and Investigations", B. Nelson, A. Phillips, F.
Enfinger, C. Steuart, Nelson Education / CENGAGE Learning, 2010, 4th
Edition.
4. Goel Ritendra, Computer Application in Management, New Age International
Publishers, New Delhi.
5. Chowdhury G.G., Text Retrieval Systems in information Management, New
Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
120

Open Elective 3 0 3
(13EEE015) RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Course Objectives
• To inculcate the awareness of energy conservation in students
• To understand the use of renewable energy sources for electrical power
generation
• To know different energy storage methods
• To learn about environmental effects of energy conversion
Course Outcomes
• Use different renewable energy sources to produce electrical power
• Minimize the use of conventional energy sources to produce electrical energy
• Identify the fact that the conventional energy resources are depleted
• Store energy and to avoid the environmental pollution.
UNIT I
PRINCIPLES OF SOLAR RADIATION
Role and Potential of New and Renewable source, the solar energy option,
Environmental impact of solar power, Physics of the Sun, The solar constant,
Extraterrestrial and Terrestrial solar radiation, Solar radiation on titled surface,
Instruments for measuring solar radiation and sun shine, solar radiation data.
UNIT II
SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTION & APPLICATIONS
Flat Plate Collectors and Concentrating Collectors, Classification of concentrating
collectors, Orientation and Thermal analysis, advanced collectors, Solar ponds, Solar
Energy Applications - solar heating/cooling techniques, solar distillation and drying,
Photovoltaic Energy Conversion.
UNIT III
WIND ENERGY
Sources and potentials, Horizontal and Vertical axis wind mills - Types, Blade Design,
Performance characteristics, Betz criteria, Induction Generators for Wind power
Generation, MHD Generation.
121
UNIT IV
BIO-MASS & DEC
Principles of Bio-Conversion, Anaerobic/aerobic digestion, Types of Bio-gas Digesters,
gas yield, Combustion characteristics of bio-gas, Utilization for cooking, Economic
aspects.
Direct Energy Conversion, Need for DEC, Principles of DEC, Carnot Cycle and
Limitations.
UNIT V
HARNESSING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY & OCEAN ENERGY
Resources of Geothermal Energy, Types of wells, Methods of harnessing the energy,
potential in India, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, Principles, Utilization, Setting of
OTEC plants, Thermodynamic cycles, Tidal and Wave energy: Potential and
Conversion Techniques, Mini-Hydel Power plants.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Non-Conventional Energy Sources by G.D.Rai, Khanna Publishers.
2. Renewable Energy Resources by Twidell and Wier, CRC Press (Taylor and
Francis).
3. Non- Conventional energy resources by B.H.Khan, Tata Mc Graw-Hill, 2006.
REFERENCES
1. Renewable Energy Resources by Tiwari and Ghosal, Narosa.
2. Renewable Energy Technologies by Ramesh and Kumar, Narosa.
3. Non-Conventional Energy Systems by K Mittal, Wheeler Publishing House.
4. Renewable Energy Sources and Emerging Technologies by D.P.Kothari,
K.C.Singhal, PHI.
122
III Year B.Tech ECE – II sem L T/P/D C

Open Elective 3 0 3
(13CED037) DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Course Objectives
• Understand the difference between a hazard and disaster
• Know about various disasters and their impacts
• Understand Different approaches of disaster risk reduction
• Understand Disaster risks in India
Course Outcomes
• Acquire the knowledge disaster Management
• Understand the vulnerability of ecosystem and infrastructure due to a
disaster
• Acquire the knowledge of Disaster Management Phases
• Understand the hazard and vulnerability profile of India
UNIT I
Introduction to disaster
Concepts and definitions (Disaster, Hazard, Vulnerability, Resilience, Risks)
UNIT II
Disasters: Classifications, Causes, Impacts (including social, economic, political,
environment, health, psychosocial, etc.)
Differential impacts-in terms of caste, class, gender, age, location, disability Global
trends in disasters. Urban disaster, pandemics, complex emergencies, Climate
change
UNIT III
Approaches to disaster Risk reduction
Disaster cycle-its analysis, phase, Culture of safety, prevention, mitigation and
preparedness, community based DRR, Structural measures, roles and responsibilities
of community. Panchayati Raj Institutions/Urban Local Bodies (PRIs/ULBs), states,
center and other stake-holders.
123
UNIT IV
Inter-relationship between Disaster and Development
Factors affecting Vulnerabilities, differential impacts, impact of development projects
such as dams, embankments,
change in land-use etc. Climate change Adaption. Relevance of indigenous
knowledge, appropriate technology and local resources.
UNIT V
Disaster Risk Management in India
Hazard and vulnerability profile of India
Components of Disaster relief: Water, food, sanitation, shelter, health, waste
management
Institutional arrangements (Mitigation, Response and Preparedness, DM Act Policy,
Other related polices, plan, programmes and legislation)
Project Work :( Field Work, Case Studies)
The project/fieldwork is meant for students to understand vulnerabilities and to work on
reducing disaster risks and to build a culture of safety. Projects must be conceived
creatively based on the geographic location and hazard.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Alexander David, Introduction in ‘Confronting Catastrophe’, oxford University
press, 2000
2. Andharia J. Vulnerability in disaster Discourse, JTCDM, Tata Institute of
Social Sciences working paper no.8, 2008
3. Blaikie, P, Cannon T, Davis I, Wisner B 1997. At Risk Natural Hazards,
Peoples’ Vulnerability and Disaster, Rutledge.
4. Coppola P Damon, 2007. Introduction to International Disaster Management.
5. Carter, Nick 1991.Disaster Management: A Disaster Manager’s Handbook.
Asian Development Bank, Manila Philippines.
6. Cuny,F.1983. Development and Disasters, Oxford University Press
7. Govt.of India; Disaster Management Act 2005,Government of India, New
Delhi.
124
III Year B.Tech ECE – II sem L T/P/D C

Open Elective 3 0 3
(13CSE030) PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUES

Introduction
Human values and ethics have a significant role to play in the betterment of our
society. Ethics and values are a liberating force, enabling higher performance, better
quality relationships and an expanded sense of purpose and identity.
This syllabus aims to present a framework for understanding human values and their
role in life, work, business and leadership. It aims to transform individuals from having
self-focused, survivalist mindset that has scant regard for ethics, through to compliance
with laws and conventions, and then to the aspiration to live a higher ethical and
spiritual life.
It mainly focuses on improving the capacities of leadership /management through

training in human values and professional ethics. It serves to contribute to good
governance in the organizations and foster an environment that supports and
encourages just practices and fairplay.
Course Objectives:
• To create an awareness on Engineering Ethics and Human Values.
• To study the moral issues and decisions confronting individuals and
organizations engaged in engineering profession.
• To study the related issues about the moral ideals, character, policies, and
relationships of people and corporations involved in technological activity.
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, the students are expected to:
• Learn the moral issues and problems in engineering ; find the solution to
those problems .
• Learn the need for professional ethics, codes of ethics and roles, concept of
safety, risk assessment.
• Ggain exposure to Environment Ethics & computer ethics; know their
responsibilities and rights
Outline of Syllabus
UNIT I : Introduction to Human Values and Ethics
Human Values: Morals, Values and Ethics – Integrity – Work Ethic – ServiceLearning
– Civic Virtue – Respect for Others – Living Peacefully – caring – Sharing –Honesty –
Courage – Valuing Time – Co-operation – Commitment – Empathy – Self-Confidence
– Character – Spirituality.
Introduction to Ethical Concepts: Definition of industrial ethics and values, Ethical
rules of industrial worker- Values and Value Judgments -- Moral Rights and Moral rules
125
-- Moral character and responsibilities -- Privacy, confidentiality, Intellectual property
and the law -- Ethics as law.
UNIT II --- Understanding Engineering Ethics

Ethics: Action Oriented- Ethical Vision- Indian Ethos- Ethics Defined-Engineering
Ethics: Various Connotations of Engineering Ethics, Why Study Engineering Ethics?,
Personal and Business Ethics-Ethics and the Law-Senses of ‘Engineering Ethics’ –
Variety of moral issues –Types of inquiry – Moral dilemmas – Moral Autonomy –
Kohlberg’s theory –Gilligan’s theory – Consensus and Controversy – Professions and
Professionalism –Professional Ideals and Virtues – Theories about right action – Self-
interest –Customs and Religion – Uses of Ethical Theories -Engineering as a
Profession -- Professional Societies -- Core Qualities of Professional Practitioners --
Professional Institutions, Operating in a Pluralistic Society - Environments and Their
Impact - Economic Environment -- Capital Labor-- Price Levels -- Government Fiscal
and Tax Policies – Customers – Technology
UNIT III : Engineering as Social Experimentation

Engineering as Social Experimentation – Comparison with Standard Experiments,
Knowledge Gained Conscientiousness, Relevant Information, Learning from the Past,
Engineers as managers, consultants, and Leaders, Accountability, Engineers as
responsible Experimenters – Codes of Ethics – A Balanced Outlook on Law.
Engineers and Managers -- Organizational complaint procedures - Government
agencies Resolving Employee concerns – Limits on acceptable behavior in large
corporations -- Ethical and legal considerations, Organizational responses to offensive
behaviour and harassment.
UNIT IV : Workplace Rights and Responsibilities

Professional Responsibility: The basis and scope of Professional Responsibility --
Professions and Norms of Professional Conduct -- Ethical Standards versus
Profession -- Culpable mistakes -- the Autonomy of professions and codes of ethics -
- Employee status and Professionalism -- Central Professional Responsibilities of
Engineers: The emerging consensus on the Responsibility for safety among engineers,
Hazards and Risks.
Safety and Risk – Assessment of Safety and Risk – Risk Benefit Analysis and reducing
risk - Ethical standards vs. Professional conduct - Collegiality and Loyalty – Respect
for Authority – Collective Bargaining –Confidentiality – Conflicts of Interest –
Occupational Crime – Professional Rights –Employee Rights – Intellectual Property
Rights (IPR) – Discrimination - Organizational complaint procedures - Government
agencies -Resolving Employee concerns.
UNIT V : Ethics in Global Context

Global Issues: Multinational Corporations – Environmental Ethics – Computer Ethics –
Weapons Development – Engineers as Managers – Consulting Engineers – Engineers
as Expert Witnesses and Advisors – Moral Leadership – Sample Code of Ethics like
ASME, ASCE, IEEE, Institution of Engineers (India), Indian Institute of Materials
Management, Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE),
India, etc.
126
TEXT BOOKS
1. Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, "Ethics in Engineering", McGraw Hill.
New York 1996.
2. Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research, Caroline Whitbeck, Elsevier.
3. Govindarajan. M, Natarajan. S, Senthilkumar. V.S, “Engineering Ethics”,
Prentice Hall of India, 2004.
REFERENCES
1. Charles D Fleddermann, "Engineering Ethics", Prentice Hall, New Jersey,2004
(Indian Reprint).
2. Charles E Harris, Michael S Pritchard and Michael J Rabins,
"EngineeringEthics
Concepts and Cases", Thompson Learning, United States, 2000 (Indian Reprint
now available).
3. John R Boatright, “Ethics and the Conduct of Business”, Pearson Education,
New Delhi, 2003.
4. Edmund G Seebauer and Robert L Barry, “Fundamentals of Ethics for
Scientists and Engineers”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001.
5. Ethics in Engineering, Fourth Edition, Mike W. Martin, Rolan Schinzinger, Mc
Graw Hill publishers
6. Engineering Ethics-An industrial Perspective, Gail Dawn Baura
7. Ethics and Values in Industrial-Organizational Psychology, Joel Lefkowitz
127

0 3 2
(13ECE106) MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS LABORATORY
Course Objectives
• Devices and circuits to microprocessors and microcontrollers.
• Design and develop both the hardware and software for microprocessor
/microcontroller based systems. To provide practical introduction to microcontrollers
and microprocessors, assembly language programming techniques and interfacing
• Connect peripheral
• Interpret specifications for any microprocessor or peripheral chip
Course Outcomes
• Develop the basic skills on hardware and software/programming of microprocessor
• Enhance assembly language programming skills for simple and complex calculations
used in various engineering disciplines.
• Capable to innovative and design intelligent systems, called embedded systems,
using microprocessor for special purpose.
• Involve in verification of functionality, speed and power of microprocessor based
system.7
1. Programs for 16 bit arithmetic operations for 8086 (using Various Addressing
Modes).
2. Program for sorting an array for 8086.
3. Program for searching for a number or character in a string for 8086.
4. Program for string manipulations for 8086.
5. Program for digital clock design using 8086.
6. Interfacing ADC and DAC to 8086 / 8051.
7. Interfacing stepper motor to 8086 / 8051.
8. Programming using arithmetic, logical and bit manipulation instructions of
8051.
9. Program and verify Timer/ Counter in 8051.
10. Program and verify Interrupt handling in 8051
11. UART Operation in 8051.
12. Communication between 8051 kit and PC.
13. Interfacing LCD to 8051.
14. Interfacing Matrix / Keyboard to 8051.
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0 3 2
(13ECE107) DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY
Course Objectives
Simulation and implementation on DSP processor
• To verify properties of a discrete system.
• To learn various transforms on digital signals.
• To understand the design of digital filters.
• To verify basic properties of multi rate systems.
Course Outcomes
• To apply knowledge of digital filter design for various applications.
• To analyze various signals in transform domain
• To apply multirate concepts in different areas
• To perform real time experiments on processors such as audio and speech
processing.
The following experiments are to be performed using MATLAB

1. Circular Convolution
2. Discrete Fourier Transform / Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform
3. Power Density Spectrum
4. Implementation of Filters using IIR
5. Implementation of Filters using FIR
6. Generation of Sinusoidal signal through filtering
7. Generation of DTMF Signals
8. Implementation of Decimation and Interpolation processes, I/D sampling Rate
Converters.
Getting familiarity with Simulink :

1. Features of DSP Processor Kit (DSK)
2. Installation Procedure for DSK
3. Introduction To Code Composer Studio
4. Procedure to Work On CCS
129
The following Experiments are to be performed using DSP Processor Kit.
1. To Verify Linear Convolution (Assembly Language program Using 67XX
Instructions).
2. To Verify Circular Convolution.
3. Implementation of FIR (Low Pass/High Pass) using Windowing Technique.
i. Using Rectangular Window
ii. Using Triangular Window
iii. Using Kaiser Window
4. Implementation of IIR Filter (Low Pass and High pass).
5. To find The FFT of given 1-D Signal and Plot
6. To compute Power Density Spectrum(PDS) of a Sequence
7. Audio applications such as audio effects , Interpolation, Decimation effects
130
IV Year B.Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C

4 0 4
(13ECE012)VLSI DESIGN
Course Objectives
• To learn the various fabrication steps of IC and come across basic electrical
properties of MOSFET.
• To study the concepts of stick diagrams and layouts with the knowledge of
MOS layers through design rules.
• To study gate level design of subsystems, integrated circuits
• To learn concepts of PLD’s ,design capture tools and CMOS testing.
Course Outcomes
• Learn IC Fabrication process steps required for PMOS, NMOS,CMOS,
BiCMOS and Ids- V ds relationship.
• Understand VLSI Design flow for fabrication of a chip , layout design rules ,
stick diagrams and scaling of MOS transistor.
• Learn the time delays, driving large capacitive loads, wiring capacitance,
and design of different subsystems.
• Understand concepts of PLD’s,CMOS testing, Design Strategies, verification,
and CMOS Testing.
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION: Introduction to MOS Technology – MOS, PMOS, NMOS, CMOS
and BiCMOS technologies, fabrication fundamentals: Oxidation, Lithography, Diffusion,
Ion implantation, Metallization and Encapsulation.
BASIC ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES : Basic Electrical Properties of MOS ,CMOS and
BiCMOS Circuits: IDS-VDS relationships, MOS transistor threshold Voltage, gM, gDS,
figure of merit wo, Pass transistor, NMOS inverter, Various pull - ups, Determination of
pull-up to pull-down ratio( Zpu / Zpd ) , CMOS Inverter analysis and design, BiCMOS
inverters, Latch-up in CMOS circuits.
UNIT II
VLSI CIRCUIT DESIGN PROCESSES : VLSI Design Flow, MOS Layers, Stick
Diagrams, Design Rules and Layouts, Lambda based design rules, Contact cuts ,
CMOS Lambda based design rules, Layout Diagrams for logic gates, Transistor
structures, wires and vias, Scaling of MOS circuits- Scaling models, scaling factors,
scaling factors for device parameters, Limitations of Scaling.
131
UNIT III
GATE LEVEL DESIGN AND LAYOUT: Architectural issues, Switch logic networks:
Gate logic, Alternate gate circuit: Pseudo-NMOS , Dynamic CMOS logic. Basic circuit
concepts, Sheet Resistance RS and its concept to MOS, Area Capacitance Units,
Calculations, The delay unit T, Inverter Delays, Driving large Capacitive Loads, Wiring
Capacitances, Fan-in and fan-out, Choice of layers.
UNIT IV
SUBSYSTEM DESIGN: Subsystem Design, Shifters, Adders, ALUs, Multipliers: Array
multiplier, Serial-Parallel multiplier, Parity generator, Comparators, Zero/One
Detectors, Up/Down Counter, Memory elements.
SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN: PLDs, FPGAs, CPLDs,
Standard Cells, Programmable Array Logic, Programmable Logic Array Design
Approach.
UNIT V
VHDL SYNTHESIS: VHDL Synthesis, Circuit Design Flow, Circuit Synthesis,
Simulation, Layout, Design capture tools, Design Verification Tools.
CMOS TESTING : CMOS Testing, Need for testing, Test Principles, Design Strategies
for test, Over view of Chip level Test Techniques and System-level Test Techniques,
Layout Design for Improved Testability.
TEXTBOOKS
1. Essentials of VLSI circuits and systems – Kamran Eshraghian, Dougles and A.
Pucknell, PHIEdition, 2005.
2. Modern VLSI Design –Wayne Wolf, Pearson Education , 3rd Edition, 1997.
3. CMOS VLSI Design – A circuits and systems perspective, Neil H.E Weste ,
David Harris , Ayan Banerjee,pearson ,2009.
REFERENCES
1. CMOS logic circuit Design – John P. Uyemura , Springer , 2007
2. VLSI DESIGN – K.Lal Kishore , VSV Prabhakar – I.K..International ,2009
3. VLSI Design – A.Albert Raj, Latha PHI, 2008.
4. Introduction to VLSI Design- Mead and Convey , BS Publcations, 2010.
5. VLSI Design – M. Michal Vai, CRC Press, 2009.
132

4 0 4
(13ITD006) COMPUTER NETWORKS
Course Objectives
• Understand fundamental concepts of computer networking.
• Familiarize the protocol and IEEE standards of various networks.
• Understand different routing protocols.
• Understand the concepts of Integrated and differentiated services.
Course Outcomes
• Understand the Layered Architecture of Computer Networks.
• Learn various datalink protocols and algorithms
• Learn various routing protocols and algorithms.
• Apply TCP and UDP in real time applications.
UNIT-I
DATA COMMUNICATIONS: Components – Direction of Data flow – Networks –
Components and Categories – Types of Connections – Topologies –Protocols and
Standards – ISO / OSI model , Example Networks such as NSF NET, ARPANET,
ATM, Frame Relay, ISDN
Physical layer: Digital transmission, Multiplexing, Transmission Media, Switching,
Circuit Switched Networks, Datagram Networks, Virtual Circuit Networks, Switch and
Telephone Networks.
UNIT- II
Data link layer: Introduction, Framing, and Error – Detection and Correction – Parity –
LRC – CRC Hamming code, Flow and Error Control, Noiseless Channels, Noisy
Channels, HDLC, Point to Point Protocols.
Medium Access sub layer: ALOHA, CSMA/CD, LAN - Ethernet IEEE 802.3 - IEEE
802.4 - IEEE 802.5 - IEEE 802.11, Random access, Controlled access,
Channalization, Collision Free Protocols.
UNIT -III
Network layer: Logical Addressing, Internetworking, Tunneling, Address mapping,
ICMP, IGMP, Forwarding, Uni-Cast Routing Protocols, Multicast Routing Protocols,
Congestion Control Mechanism
133
UNIT-IV
Transport Layer: Process to Process Delivery, UDP and TCP protocols, SCTP, Data
Traffic, Congestion, Congestion Control, QoS, Integrated Services, Differentiated
Services, QoS in Switched Networks.
UNIT-V
Application Layer: Domain name space, DNS in internet, electronic mail, SMTP,,
FTP, WWW, HTTP, SNMP, Network Security, Cryptography.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Data Communications and Networking – Behrouz A. Forouzan , Fourth
Edition TMH,2006.
2. Computer Networks — Andrew S Tanenbaum, 4th Edition. Pearson
Education/PHI.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Data communications and computer Networks, P.C .Gupta, PHI.
2. An Engineering Approach to Computer Networks-S.Keshav, 2nd Edition,
Pearson Education.
3. Understanding communications and Networks, 3rd Edition, W.A. Shay,
Cengage Learning.
4. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet. James
F. Kurose&Keith W. Ross,3rd Edition, Pearson Education.
5. Larry L.Peterson and Peter S. Davie, “Computer Networks”, Harcourt Asia
Pvt. Ltd., Second Edition.
6. William Stallings, “Data and Computer Communication”, Sixth Edition,
Pearson Education, 2000.
134

4 0 4
(13CMS002) MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
Course Objectives
• Understand the principles, functions, theories and practices of different
management areas and to provide them with practical exposure to cases of
success/failure in business.
• Expose with a systematic and critical understanding of organizational theory,
structures and design.
• Comprehend conceptual models of strategic management and to familiarize
with the tools of operations and project management.
• Understand the role of human relations in the management of operations and
to provide basic insights into contemporary management practices.
Course Outcomes
• Function effectively in multidisciplinary teams to accomplish a common goal
of organizations.
• Apply theories to improve the practice of management.
• Appreciatethe management challenges associated with high levels of change
in the organizations.
• Develop global vision and management skills at both a strategic level and
interpersonal level.
UNIT I
Introduction to management
Concepts of management - nature, importance, and functions of management; Taylor’s
scientific management theory; Fayol’s principles of management; Mayo’s Hawthorne
experiments; Maslow’s theory of human needs; Douglas McGregor’s theory X and
theory Y; Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation; System and contingency
approach to management; Planning – meaning, significance, and types of plans;
Decision making and steps in decision making process; Leadership styles; Social
responsibilities of management.
Organizing - Meaning, and features; Process of organization; Principles of
organization; Elements of organization; Organization chart; Span of control - Graicunas
formulae; Centralisation and decentralization; Types of mechanistic and organic
structures of organisation - line organization, line and staff organization, functional
organization, committee organization, matrix organization, virtual organisation, cellular
135
organisation, team structure, boundaryless organization, inverted pyramid structure,
and lean and flat organization structure; Their merits, demerits and suitability.
UNIT II
Human resources management
Concepts of HRM; Basic functions of HR manager - human resource planning
(definition; objectives; process), recruitment (definition; sources; techniques), selection
(definition; process), induction and orientation, training and development (definition;
need; methods), employee exit process, employee relations management, employee
compensation and benefits administration, job evaluation (objectives; process;
methods), and performance appraisals (objectives; process; methods).
UNIT III
Strategic management
Mission; Goals; Objectives; Policy; Strategy; Programmes; Elements of corporate
planning process - environmental scanning; value chain analysis, BCG matrix, generic
strategy alternatives, SWOT analysis, and steps in strategy formulation and
implementation; Balance score card; Capability maturity model (CMM)/ People
capability maturity model(PCMM).
UNIT IV
Operations management
Plant location; Types of plant layout; Methods of production – job, batch, and mass
production; Work study-basic procedure involved in method study and work
measurement.
Materials management
Objectives; Need for inventory control; EOQ, ABC Analysis; Purchase procedure;
Value analysis; JIT, Six sigma; TQM; Supply chain management; Stores management
and stores records.
Marketing
Functions of marketing; Marketing mix, and marketing strategies based on product life
cycle; Channels of distribution.
UNIT V
Project management – network analysis
Network analysis; Programme evaluation review technique - PERT (probability of
completing the project within given time); Critical path method - CPM (Identifying
critical path); Project cost analysis; Project crashing; Simple problems.
136
TEXT BOOKS
1. Management Science by Aryasri; Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill, 2009.
2. Management by James Arthur, Finch Stoner, R. Edward Freeman, and Daniel
R. Gilbert 6th Ed; Publisher: Pearson Education/Prentice Hall.
3. Principles and Practice of Management - L.M. Prasad; Publisher: Sultan Chand
Publications, New Delhi.
REFERENCES
1. Principles of Marketing: A South Asian Perspective by Kotler Philip, Gary
Armstrong, Prafulla Y. Agnihotri, and Eshan ul Haque , 2010, 13th Edition,
Publisher: Pearson Education/ Prentice Hall of India.
2. A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice by Michael Armstrong,
2010; Publisher: Kogan Page Publishers.
3. Quantitative Techniques in Management by N.D. Vohra, 4th edition, 2010;
Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Operations Management: Theory and Practice by B. Mahadevan, 2010;
Publisher: Pearson Education.
5. Strategic Management by V.S.P. Rao and V. Hari Krishna, 2010; Publisher:
Excel Books.
137

Elective-I 3 0 3
(13ECE013) DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Course Objectives
• To introduce fundamentals of digital image processing and study image
transforms
• To demonstrate digital image processing techniques in spatial and frequency
domains
• To study and compare various image compression algorithms
• To study advanced image analysis methods: image segmentation,
morphological image processing, & image restoration
.Course Outcomes
• Understand the basic principles of digital image processing and perform
image transforms
• Understand and perform basic image processing methods such as Image
filtering operations, Image enhancement
• Analyze and compare various image compression techniques and their
applications
• Design and implement various algorithms for image analysis
UNIT I
Fundamentals of Image Processing: Digital Image Fundamentals, Basic steps of
Image Processing System, Sampling and Quantization of an image, relationship
between pixels, Imaging Geometry.
Image Transforms: 2 D- Discrete Fourier Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform
(DCT), Haar Transform, Hadmard Transform, Hotelling Transform and slant transform.
UNIT II
Image Enhancement: Spatial domain methods: Histogram processing, Fundamentals
of Spatial filtering, Smoothing spatial filters, Sharpening spatial filters.
Frequency domain methods: Basics of filtering in frequency domain, image
smoothing, image sharpening, Selective filtering.
UNIT III
Image Segmentation: Segmentation concepts, Point, Line and Edge Detection, Edge
Linking using Hough Transform, Thresholding, Region Based segmentation.
138
Wavelet based Image Processing: Introduction to wavelet Transform, Continuous
wavelet Transform, Discrete wavelet Transform, Filter banks, Wavelet based image
compression
UNIT IV
Image Compression: Image compression fundamentals - Coding Redundancy,
Spatial and Temporal redundancy, Compression models: Lossy and Lossless,
Huffman coding, Arithmetic coding, LZW coding, Run length coding, Bit plane coding,
Transform coding, Predictive coding, JPEG Standards.
UNIT V
Image Restoration: Image Restoration Degradation model, Algebraic approach to
restoration, Inverse Filtering, Least Mean square filters.
Morphological Image Processing: Dilation and Erosion, Opening and closing, the hit
or miss Transformation, Overview of Digital Image Watermarking Methods
TEXT BOOKS
1. Digital Image Processing- Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E.Woods, 3rd
Edition, Pearson, 2008.
2. Digital Image Processing- S.Jayaraman, S Esakkirajan, T Veerakumar, TMH,
2010.
REFERENCES
1. Digital Image Processing-William K.Pratt, 3rd Edition, John Willey, 2004.
2. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing-A.K.Jain, PHI, 1989.
3. Digital Image Processing using MATLAB - Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard
E.Woods and Steven L.Edding 2nd , TMH. 2010.
4. Digital Image Processing and Computer Vision – Somka, Hlavac, Boyl,
Cengage Learning, 2008.
5. Introduction to image Processing and Analysis – John C. Russ, J. Christian
Russ, CRC Press, 2010
139
IV Year B.Tech ECE – I sem L T/P/D C

Elective – I 3 0 3
(13ECE014) OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
Course Objectives
• To learn about the basic elements of optical fiber transmission link, fiber
modes, configurations, structures and losses associated
• To know the working principles of various optical sources and photo
detectors
• To analyze and design a fiber optic link for a given budget requirement
• To understand the parameters effecting the systems performance
Course Outcomes
• Demonstrate an understanding of the propagation of light in optical fiber.
• Analyze the principles governing optical sources and detectors used in
optical communications.
• Design an optical communication system for a particular application.
• Analyze optical systems for performance and utility.
UNIT I
Optical fiber communication - The general system, Advantages of optical fiber
communications. Optical fiber wave guides- Introduction, Ray theory transmission,
Total Internal Reflection, Acceptance angle, Numerical Aperture, Skew rays.
Cylindrical fibers- Modes, Vnumber, Mode coupling, Step Index fibers, Graded Index
fibers. Single mode fibers- Cut off wavelength, Mode Field Diameter, Effective
Refractive Index. Signal distortion in optical fibers- Attenuation, Absorption, Scattering
and Bending losses, Core and Cladding losses.
UNIT II
Group delay, Types of Dispersion - Material dispersion, Wave-guide dispersion,
Polarization mode dispersion, Intermodal dispersion. Pulse broadening. Optical fiber
Connectors- Connector types, Single mode fiber connectors, Connector return loss.
Fiber Splicing- Splicing techniques, Fiber alignment and joint loss- Multimode fiber
joints, single mode fiber joints.
140
UNIT III
Optical sources - LEDs, Structures, Materials, Quantum efficiency, Power,
Modulation, Power bandwidth product. Injection Laser Diodes- Modes, Threshold
conditions, External quantum efficiency, Laser diode rate equations, Resonant
frequencies. Source to fiber power launching - Output patterns, Power coupling, Power
launching, Equilibrium Numerical Aperture, Laser diode to fiber coupling.
UNIT IV
Optical detectors - Physical principles of PIN and APD, Detector response time,
Temperature effect on Avalanche gain, Comparison of Photo detectors. Optical
receiver operation-fundamental receiver operation, Digital signal transmission, error
sources, Receiver configuration, Digital receiver performance, Probability of error,
Quantum limit, Analog receivers.
UNIT V
Optical system design — Considerations, Component choice, Multiplexing. Point-to-
point links, System considerations, Link power budget with examples, Rise time budget
with examples. WDM - Principles, Types of WDM, Measurement of Attenuation and
Dispersion.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Optical Fiber Communications – Gerd Keiser, Mc Graw-Hill International
edition, 3rd Edition, 2000.
2. Optical Fiber Communications – John M. Senior, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2002.
RERFERENCES
1. Fiber Optic Communications – D.K. Mynbaev , S.C. Gupta and Lowell L.
Scheiner, Pearson Education, 2005.
2. Text Book on Optical Fibre Communication and its Applications – S.C.Gupta,
PHI, 2005.
3. Fiber Optic Communication Systems – Govind P. Agarwal , John Wiley, 3rd
Ediition, 2004.
4. Fiber Optic Communications – Joseph C. Palais, 4th Edition, Pearson
Education, 2004.
141
IV Year B. Tech ECE – I sem L T/P/D C

Elective-I 3 0 3
(13ECE015) TELEVISION AND VIDEO ENGINEERING
Course Objectives
• To learn the fundamentals of Television Picture formation, transmission,
reception.
• To Understand the Television broadcast and receiver fundamentals
• Know the principles of color video transmission and VCR technologies.
• To understand digital television technologies and high definition Television.
Course Outcomes
• Understand the issues related to propagation of TV signals, antennas.
• Know the working of TV Receiver and design principles.
• Understand the various video systems like VCR, Video disc systems CCTV
• Know the principles involved in the working of Latest Technologies like
HDTV
UNIT I
BASIC TELEVISION SYSTEM : TV Transmitter, Receiver, Synchronization
Television Pictures : Geometric form and aspect ratio, Persistence of vision and
Flicker, Image Continuity, Vertical resolution, The Kell factor , Horizontal resolution and
video bandwidth, The scanning process, Interlaced Scanning , Scanning sequence
Composite Video Signal : Video signal dimension, Composite video signal,
Horizontal and Vertical sync Signals ,Video modulation and Vestigial sideband signal,
Sound modulation and the intercarrier system, reception of Vestigial sideband signal
Colour Signal generation : Perception of brightness and colors, additive colour
mixing ,Chromaticity Diagram, video signals for colour, Formation of Chrominance
signal, Colour TV signal transmission.
UNIT II
TELEVISION BROADCASTING
Picture signal Transmission: Positive and negative modulation, VSB transmission,
sound signal Transmission, Standard channel Bandwidth, TV signal propagation
TV Transmitter: TV broadcast channels, Design principles of TV transmitters, Block
diagrams of TV Transmitters
142
TV Antenna systems: Antenna Requirements, TV transmission Antennas, Television
Reception problems
TV Standards: Consolidated CCIIR System-B standard, NTSC color System, SECAM
System, PAL system.
TV Cameras: Camera tube types, Silicon diode Array Vidicon, CCD Image scanners,
Colour Camera.
TV Picture Tube: Monochrome picture tube, PIN picture tube, TRINITRON picture
tube.
Studio Equipment: Production control room (PCR) facilities, Master control room
(MCR) Equipment.
UNIT III
TELEVISION RECEIVER
RECEIVER FUNCTIONS AND SUBSYSTEMS: Monochrome Receiver: RF Tuner, IF
subsystem, AGC, Video amplifier, , FM Sound Detectors, Sound section, Sync
separation and processing, Noise in sync pulses, Separation of frame and line Sync
pluses, AFC, deflection circuits, Deflection Drive ICs scanning circuits, PAL –D Colour
receiver: Electronic Tuners, Digital tuning techniques, IF subsystem, Y-signal channel ,
chroma decoder, video and intercarrier sound signal detection, raster circuits,
RECEIVER CIRCUITS AND TV APPLICATIONS:
Colour TV display Tubes: Delta-gun , Precision-in-line and Trinitron Color Picture
tubes, Remote control of TV Receivers, Receiver Antennas
Flat panel Display TV receivers: LCD TV, LED TV, Plasma TV, and OLED TV.
UNIT IV
VIDEO SYSTEMS
TV Applications: CCTV, Cable TV ,Video games, Tele-Text broadcast receiver,
Stereo sound in TV,
VCR AND VEDIO DISC SYSTEMS: video camera signal processing, video monitors,
video cassette recorders, video disc systems, interactive video systems.
UNIT V
ADVANCED TELEVISION SYSTEMS
Cable Television and Direct Broadcast Satellite Systems : CATV Systems and
channels, Scrambling and conditional access Systems ,Direct Broadcasting Satellites
, INSAT series, International Direct Broadcast Satellites.
Digital Television Technology: Digital Television signals, Transmission of Digital TV
Signals, Bit-rate Reduction, Digital TV Receivers, Picture-in-Picture processor
High Definition TV systems :HDTV standards and compatibility, The MUSE
system,The HD-MAC family.
State of the art TV Systems: 3D TV, Direct To Home Television, IP TV.
143
TEXT BOOKS
1. Television and Video Engineering - AM Dhake 2nd Edition, TMH, 2003.
2. Modern Television Practice, Principles, Technologyand Servicing - RR.Gulati,
New Age International Publishers 2004.
REFERENCES
1. R.R.Gulati, “ Monocrome and Colour Television” New Age International
Publishers,2003.
2. Colour Television, Theory and Practice - SP Bali.
144

Elective-I 3 0 3
(13CSE076) RELATIONAL DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Course Objectives
• To present an introduction to database management systems (DBMS) and
relational data model.
• To provide an emphasis on how to organize, maintain and retrieve
information efficiently and effectively from a DBMS.
• To introduce the concepts of transactions and transaction processing
• To present the issues and techniques relating to concurrency in multi-user
database environments.
Course Outcomes
• Understand the fundamental concepts of database management. These
concepts include aspects of database design, database languages, and
database-system implementation.
• The students will be able to design and query databases, as well as
understand the internals of databases.
• Define basic functions of DBMS & RDBMS.
• Describe database development process.
• Apply the Relational Database Model to understand the Logical and Physical
aspects of the DBMS architecture.
• Analyze database models & entity relationship models.
• Draw the E-R diagram for the given case study.
UNIT I
Introduction to Databases and Database Management System - Database system
Applications - Advantages of DBMS over File System - Data Models – Instances and
schema - View of Data - Database Languages -DDL-DML - Database Users and
Administrator - Database System Structure.
UNIT II
Database Design and ER diagrams – Attributes and Entity Sets – Relationships and
Relationship Sets – Constraints - Keys - Design Issues - Entity-Relationship Diagram-
Weak Entity Sets - Extended E-R Features- Database Design with ER model -
Database Design for Banking Enterprise.
145
UNIT III
Introduction to the Relational Model – Structure of RDBMS - Integrity Constraints over
Relations – Enforcing Integrity Constraints – Querying Relational Data - Relational
Algebra and Calculus.
Introduction to SQL- Data Definition commands, Data Manipulation Commands, Basic
Structure, Set operations Aggregate Operations - Join operations - Sub queries and
correlated queries, SQL functions , views ,Triggers.
UNIT IV
Functional Dependencies– Introduction , Basic Definitions, Trivial and Non trivial
dependencies, closure of a set of dependencies, closure of attributes, irreducible set of
dependencies- Schema Refinement in Database Design- Problems Caused by
Redundancy – Decompositions – Problem Related to Decomposition –- Lossless Join
Decomposition – Dependency Preserving Decomposition - FIRST, SECOND, THIRD
Normal Forms – BCNF.
UNIT V
Transaction concept- Transaction state- Implementation of atomicity and Durability-
Concurrent executions – Serializability, Recoverability
File Organization – Organization of records in file - Data Dictionary Storage – Indexing
and Hashing – Basic Concepts , Ordered Indices, B+Tree Index files.
TEXTBOOKS
1. Database System Concepts, Silberschatz, Korth , Fifth Edition, McGraw hill (
1,2,3 & 5 Units)
2. Database Management Systems, Raghuramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke,
TATA Mc Graw Hill(1,2,3 & 5 Units)
3. Introduction to Database Systems, C.J.Date, Pearson Education (4th Unit)
REFERENCES
1. Fundamentals of Database Systems, Elmasri Navrate Pearson Education
2. Data base Systems design, Implementation, and Management, Peter Rob &
Carlos Coronel 7th Edition.
146

Elective-I 3 0 3
(13EEE024) ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC
Course Objectives
• To cater the knowledge of Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic Control and use
these for controlling real time systems.
• To expose the students to the concepts of feed forward neural networks and
about feedback neural networks.
• To teach about the concept of fuzziness involved in various systems and
comprehensive knowledge of fuzzy logic control and to design the fuzzy
control
• To learn the basic difference between the Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks
Course Outcomes
• The concepts of feed forward neural networks and learning and
understanding of feedback neural networks.
• Concept of fuzziness involved in various systems and fuzzy set theory.
• Comprehensive knowledge of fuzzy logic control and adaptive fuzzy logic.
• Adequate knowledge of application of fuzzy logic control to real time systems
UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION TO NEURAL NETWORKS
Introduction, Humans and Computers, Biological Neuron and organization of the brain,
Biological and Artificial Neuron Models, Hodgkin-Huxley Neuron Model, Integrate-and-
Fire Neuron Model, Spiking Neuron Model, Characteristics of ANN, McCulloch-Pitts
Model and Design of logic gates, Historical Developments, Potential Applications of
ANN.
ESSENTIALS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Artificial Neuron Model, Operations of Artificial Neuron, Types of Neuron Activation
Function, ANN Architectures, Classification Taxonomy of ANN – Connectivity, Neural
Dynamics (Activation and Synaptic), Learning Strategy (Supervised, Unsupervised,
Reinforcement), Learning Rules, Types of Application.
147
Unit–II
SINGLE LAYER FEED FORWARD NEURAL NETWORKS
Introduction, Perceptron Models: Discrete, Continuous and Multi-Category, Training
Algorithms: Discrete and Continuous Perceptron Networks, Perceptron Convergence
theorem and concepts, Limitations of the Perceptron Model, Applications.
MULTILAYER FEED FORWARD NEURAL NETWORKS
Credit Assignment Problem, Generalized Delta Rule, Derivation of Back propagation
(BP) Training, Summary of Back propagation Algorithm, Learning Difficulties and
Improvements.
Unit - III
ASSOCIATIVE MEMORIES
Paradigms of Associative Memory, Pattern Mathematics, Hebbian Learning, General
Concepts of Associative Memory (Associative Matrix, Association Rules, Hamming
Distance, The Linear Associator, Matrix Memories, Content Addressable Memory),
Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) Architecture, BAM Training Algorithms:
Storage and Recall Algorithm, BAM Energy Function
Architecture of Hopfield Network: Discrete and Continuous versions, Storage and
Recall Algorithm, Stability Analysis, Capacity of the Hopfield Network, Applications.
Unit – IV
CLASSICAL AND FUZZY SETS
Introduction to classical sets - properties, Operations and relations; Fuzzy sets,
Operations, properties, fuzzy relations, membership functions.
Fuzzy Logic System Components
Fuzzification, Membership value assignment, development of rule base and decision
making system, Defuzzification to crisp sets, Defuzzification methods.
UNIT- V
APPLICATIONS
Neural network applications: Process identification, control, fault diagnosis and load
forecasting.
Fuzzy logic applications: Fuzzy logic control, Design and Analysis.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Neural Networks, Fuzzy logic, Genetic algorithm - synthesis and applications
by Rajasekharan and Rai, PHI Publications.
2. Artificial neural networks by B.Yegnarayana, PHI publications.
REFERENCES
1. Neural Networks by James A Freeman and Davis Skapura, Pearson
Education, 2002.
2. Neural Networks by Simon Hakins , Pearson Education
3. Neural Engineering by C.Eliasmith and CH.Anderson, PHI
148
4. Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic System by Bart Kosko, PHI Publications.
5. Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems by J.M.Zurada, Jaico Publishing
House.
6. Introduction to Neural Networks using MATLAB 6.0 by S.N.Sivanandam,
S.Sumathi, S.N.Deepa, TMH, 2006.
149

Elective-II 3 0 3
(13ECE016)RADAR SYSTEMS
Course Objectives
• Understanding of the components of a radar system and their relationship to

overall system performance, the radar operating environment and techniques
used to confront it, and top level measures of performance.
• Understanding basic detection theory as applies to radar.
• Understanding the concepts of the matched filter, ambiguity functions, and
other aspects of waveform with noise.
• Understanding radar measurements, associated quality, and the
fundamentals of radar tracking.
Course Outcomes
• Describe radars and demonstrate the factors affecting the radar performance
using radar range equation
• Analyze different types of radar systems to assess their performance
• Explain the processing of radar signals and analyze the performance of
simple tracking radar systems.
• Analyze different types of radar receivers, effects of the noise interference on
radar systems and understand the configuration of electronic
UNIT I
Basics of Radar: Introduction, Radar block diagram and operation, Maximum
Unambiguous Range, Simple form of Radar Equation, Radar frequencies and
Applications. Prediction of Range Performance, Minimum detectable Signal, Receiver
Noise, Modified Radar Range Equation, Illustrative Problems.
Radar Equation : SNR, Envelope Detector, False Alarm Time and Probability,
Integration of Radar Pulses, Radar Cross Section of Targets (simple targets: sphere,
cone–sphere), Transmitter Power , PRF and Range Ambiguities. Systems Losses
(qualitative treatment) Illustrative Problems.
UNIT II
CW and Frequency Modulated Radar: Doppler Effect, CW Radar – Block Diagram ,
Isolation between Transmitter and receiver , Non zero IF Receiver , Receiver
Bandwidth Requirements, Applications of CW Radar. Illustrative Problems.
FM-CW Radar: Range and Doppler Measurement, Block Diagram and Characteristics
(Approaching/ Receding Targets), FM-CW altimeter, Multiple Frequency CW Radar.
150
UNIT III
MTI and Pulse Doppler radar: Introduction, Principle, MTI Radar with - Power
Amplifier Transmitter and Power Oscillator Transmitter, Delay Line Cancellers – Filter
Characteristics, Blind Speeds, Double Cancellation, Staggered PRFs. Range Gated
Doppler Filter. MTI Radar Parameters, Limitations to MTI Performance, MTI versus
Pulse Doppler Radar.
UNIT IV
Tracking Radar: Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobing, Conical Scan, Monopulse
Tracking Radar – Amplitude Comparison Monopulse (one- and two- coordinates),
Phase Comparison Monopulse. Tracking in Range, Acquisition and Scanning Patterns.
Comparison of Trackers.
UNIT V
Detection of Radar Signals in Noise: Introduction, Matched Filter Receiver –
Response Characteristics and Derivation, Correlation Function and Cross-correlation
Receiver, Efficiency of Non-matched Filters, Matched Filter with Non-white Noise.
Radar Receivers – Noise Figure and Noise Temperature. Displays – types. Duplexers
– Branch type and Balanced type, Circulators as Duplexers. Introduction to Phased
Array Antennas – Basic Concepts, Radiation Pattern, Beam Steering and Beam Width
changes, Applications, Advantages and Limitations.
Electronic Warfare: Introduction to ESM, ECM and ECCM systems.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Introduction to Radar Systems – Merrill I. Skolnik, TMH Special Indian
Edition, 2nd ed., 2007.
2. Radar Principles – Peebles, Jr., P.Z., Wiley, New York, 1998.
REFERENCES
1. Introduction to Radar Systems – Merrill I. Skolnik, 3rd ed., TMH, 2001.
2. Radar : Principles, Technology, Aplications – Byron Edde, Pearson
Education, 2004.
151

Elective-II 3 0 3
(13ECE017) TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEMS
Course Objectives
• To study about the basic concepts of telephony switching.
• To learn about the telecommunication networks.
• To learn about the telecommunication signaling.
• To learn about the packet switching and high speed networks.
Course Outcomes
• Design a telecommunication switching system.
• Analyze the performance of telecommunication network.
• Implement the signaling techniques in communication networks
• Analyze the different routing protocols and high speed networks.
UNIT I
Switching Systems: Evolution of Telecommunications; Basics, functions, types and
design parameters of switching system. 100/1000/10,000 Line exchange. Principles
of Crossbar switching; A general trunking; Electronic and digital switching systems.
UNIT II
Telecommunications Traffic: Introduction; Unit of traffic; congestion; Traffic
measurement; Mathematical model; Lost call systems-Theory; Traffic performance;
Loss systems in Tandem; Use of traffic tables;Queing systems-the second Erlang
distribution ; Probability of delay; Finite queue capacity; some other useful results;
Systems with a single server; queues in tandem; Delay tables; Applications of delay
formulae.
Switching Networks: Introduction, Single stage networks; Grading Principles; Design
of progressive grading; other forms of gradings; Traffic capacity of Grading;
Applications of grading; Link systems-grading; Two, Three and four stage networks;
Grades of service of link systems.
UNIT III
Time Division switching: Basics of time division space switching; basics of time
division time switching; Time multiplexed space switch; Time multiplexed time switch;
Combination switching; Three stage Combination switching. Control of switching
152
systems; call processing functions; sequence of operations; signal exchanges; State
transition diagrams; common control; reliability; availability and security ; Stored
program control.
UNIT IV
Signaling: Introduction;Customer Line signaling; Audio frequency Junction and trunk
circuits; FDM carrier systems-Outband signaling; Inband (VF) signaling; PCM
signaling; Inter Register signaling; Common channel signaling principles- General
signaling
networks; CCITT signaling system number 6; CCITT signaling system number 7; High
level data link control; Signal units; The signaling information field.
UNIT V
Packet Switching: Introduction; Statistical multiplexing; Local and wide Area
networks- network topologies and their comparison; Optical fiber Networks; Large
scale networks-General; Datagrams and virtual circuits; Routing; Flow control;
Standards; Frame relay;
Broadband networks-general; Asynchronous Transfer mode; ATM switches; ISDN;
Cellular radio networks; private networks; charging; Routing-general, automatic,
Alternative routing.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Telecommunication Switching and Traffic Networks, J.E Flood, Pearson
Eduction, 2006.
2. Telecommunication Switching system and Networks, Tyagarajan
Viswanathan Prentice hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2006.
REFERENCES
1. Digital Telephony, John C Bellamy, John Wiley International Student Edition,
3rd Edition,2000.
2. Data Communications and Networking, Behrouz A. Ferouzan, TMH, 2nd
Edition,2000.
3. Introduction to Data Communications and Networking, Tomasi, Pearson
Education, 1st Edition, 2007.
153

Elective – II 3 0 3
(13ECE018) DIGITAL DESIGN THROUGH VERILOG
Course Objectives
• To model, simulate and synthesize the digital designs using Verilog HDL
• To describe and realize the functionality of the digital design by using ASM
charts
• To know architectural features and implementation of digital designs in
CPLDs
• To know architectural features and building blocks of Altera’s FPGAs.
Course Outcomes
After completing this course the student will be able to
• Develop HDL code for digital system designs.
• Describe ASM charts for synchronous sequential systems
• Acquire knowledge to Implement and test designs on the target CPLDs &
FPGAs.
• Develop different digital solutions ranging from signal processing, data
manipulation, electronic instrumentation, control, telecommunications to
consumer electronics.
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION TO VERILOG: Verilog as HDL, Levels of Design Description,
Concurrency, Simulation and Synthesis, Functional Verification, System Tasks,
Programming Language Interface (PLI), Module, Test Benches.
LANGUAGE CONSTRUCTS AND CONVENTIONS : Introduction, Keywords,
Identifiers, White Space Characters, Comments, Numbers, Strings, Logic Values,
Strengths, Data Types, Scalars and Vectors, Parameters, Memory, Operators, System
Tasks.
UNIT II
GATE LEVEL MODELING : Introduction, AND Gate Primitive, Module Structure, Other
Gate Primitives, Illustrative Examples, Tri-State Gates, Array of Instances of Primitives,
Design of Flip-flops with Gate Primitives, Delays, Strengths and Contention Resolution,
Net Types, Design of Basic Circuits.
BEHAVIORAL MODELING : Introduction, Operations and Assignments, Functional
Bifurcation, Initial Construct, Always Construct, Assignments with Delays, Wait
154
construct, Multiple Always Blocks, Designs at Behavioral Level, Blocking and Non-
blocking Assignments, The case statement, Simulation Flow,iƒ and iƒ-else constructs,
assign-deassign construct, repeat construct, for loop, the disable construct, while loop,
forever loop, parallel blocks, force-release construct, Event.
UNIT III
MODELING AT DATA FLOW LEVEL: Introduction, Continuous Assignment
Structures, Delays and Continuous Assignments, Assignment to Vectors, Operators.
SWITCH LEVEL MODELING: Introduction, Basic Transistor Switches, CMOS Switch,
Bi-directional Gates, Time Delays with Switch Primitives, Instantiations with Strengths
and Delays, Strength Contention with Trireg Nets
UNIT IV
SYSTEM TASKS, FUNCTIONS, AND COMPILER DIRECTIVES: Introduction,
Parameters, Path Delays, Module Parameters, System Tasks and Functions, File-
Based Tasks and Functions, Compiler Directives, Hierarchical Access.
FUNCTIONS, TASKS, AND USER-DEFINED PRIMITIVES: Introduction, Function,
Tasks, User- Defined Primitives (UDP), FSM Design (Moore and Mealy Machines)
UNIT V
DIGITAL DESIGN WITH SM CHARTS: State Machine Charts, Derivation of SM
Charts, Realization of SM Charts, Implementation of the Dice Game, Alternative
realizations for SM Charts using Microprogramming, Linked State Machines.
INTRODUCTION TO CPLD AND FPGA ARCHITECTURES:
Xilinx 3000 Series FPGAs, Altera FLEX 10K Series CPLDs.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Design through Verilog HDL – T.R. Padmanabhan and B. Bala
Tripura Sundari, WSE, IEEE Press,2004.
2. A Verilog Primier – J. Bhaskar, BSP, 2003.
REFERENCES
1. Fundamentals of Logic Design with Verilog – Stephen. Brown
and ZvonkoVranesic, TMH, 2005.
2. Digital Systems Design using VHDL – Charles H Roth, Jr.
Thomson Publications, 2004.
3. Advanced Digital Design with Verilog HDL – Michael D. Ciletti,
PHI, 2005.
4. HDL Programming Fundamentals VHDL and VERILOG, Botros,
Thomson Publications.
155

Elective-II 3 0 3
(13ITD021) CLOUD COMPUTING
Course Objectives
• Knowledge of Parallel computing architectures such as vector processing, symmetric
multi processing
• Importance and Details of Service oriented architecture and Virtualization
• What are Limitations, Key Characteristics, challenges of cloud computing , Saas,
Paas,Iaas
• Different services offered by Cloud computing and procedure involved in building the
cloud networks
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
• Articulate the main concepts, key technologies, strengths, and limitations of
cloud computing and the possible applications for state-of-the-art cloud
computing
• Identify the architecture and infrastructure of cloud computing, including SaaS,
PaaS, IaaS, public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, etc.
• Explain the core issues of cloud computing such as security, privacy, and
interoperability.
• Identify problems, and explain, analyze, and evaluate various cloud computing
solutions.
UNIT I
UNDERSTANDING CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud Computing – History of Cloud Computing – Cloud Architecture – Cloud Storage
–Why Cloud Computing Matters – Advantages of Cloud Computing – Disadvantages of
Cloud Computing – Companies in the Cloud Today – Cloud Services.
UNIT II
DEVELOPING CLOUD SERVICES
Web-Based Application – Pros and Cons of Cloud Service Development – Types of
Cloud Service Development – Software as a Service – Platform as a Service – Web
Services – On-Demand Computing – Discovering Cloud Services Development
Services and Tools – Amazon Ec2 – Google App Engine – IBM Clouds.
156
UNIT III
CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY ARCHITECTURE
Cloud security fundamentals-Vulnerability assessment tool for cloud- Privacy and
Security in cloud, Cloud computing security architecture: Architectural Considerations-
General Issues- Trusted Cloud computing- Secure Execution Environments and
Communications- Micro-architectures; Identity Management and Access control
Identity management- Access control, Autonomic Security.
UNIT IV
CLOUD COMPUTING FOR EVERYONE
Centralizing Email Communications – Collaborating on Schedules – Collaborating on
To-Do Lists – Collaborating Contact Lists – Cloud Computing for the Community –
Collaborating on Group Projects and Events – Cloud Computing for the Corporation.
UNIT V
CLOUD COMPUTING CASE STUDIES
Cloud computing case studies: Google App Engine – IBM Clouds –Windows live –
Micro soft dynamic CRM- Salesforce.com CRM- App Exchange – Amazon S3 – Oracle
OBIEE.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Cloud Computing: Implementation, Management and Security, John W.
Rittinghouse, James F.Ransome, CRC Press, rp2012.
2. Cloud Computing a practical approach by Anthony T.Velte, Toby J Velte Robert
Elsenpeter, TMH 2010.
REFERENCES
1. Michael Miller, Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That Change the Way
You Work and Collaborate Online, Que Publishing, August 2008.
2. Haley Beard, Cloud Computing Best Practices for Managing and Measuring
Processes for On-demand Computing, Applications and Data Centers in the
Cloud with SLAs, Emereo Pty Limited, July 2008.
3. Gautam Shroff, Enterprise Cloud Computing: Technology, Architecture,
applications, Cambridge University Press, 2010.
4. Ronald Krutz Russell Dean Vines, Cloud Security
157
IV Year B.Tech ECE – II Sem L T/P/D C

Elective-II 3 0 3
(13ITD008) OPERATING SYSTEMS
Course Objectives:
• Analyze the tradeoffs inherent in operating system design.
• Summarize the various approaches in solving the problem of mutual
exclusion in an operating system.
• Evaluate the trade-offs in terms of memory size (main memory, cache
memory, secondary memory) and processor speed.
• Demonstrate disk storage strategies, file strategies and analyze the system
protection and security.
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
• Identify the System calls, interrupts and process scheduling of any GOS.
• Write application keeping Concurrency and synchronization
Semaphores/monitors, shared memory in mind
• Design new deadlock free and efficient memory management schemes for a
GOS.
• Explain RAID, file systems facilities and protection and securityof any GOS.
UNIT I
Computer System and Operating System Overview: Overview of Computer System
hardware, Operating System Objectives and functions, Evolution of operating System,
Example Systems. Operating System Services, System Calls, System Programs.
Process Management: Process Description, Process Control, Process States,
Cooperating Processes, Inter-process Communication.
UNIT II
CPU Scheduling: Basic Concepts, Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling Algorithms and
evaluation, Threads Overview, Threading issues.
Concurrency: Principles of Concurrency, Mutual Exclusion, Software and hardware
approaches, Semaphores, Monitors, Message Passing, Classic problems of
synchronization.
158
UNIT III
Principles of deadlock: System Model, Deadlock Characterization, Methods for
handling Deadlocks, Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock avoidance, Deadlock detection,
Recovery from Deadlocks, Dining philosopher’s problem.
UNIT IV
Memory Management: Basic concepts, Swapping, Contiguous memory allocation,
Paging, Segmentation, Virtual memory, Demand paging, Page-replacement
algorithms, Thrashing.Secondary storage structure: Disk structure; Disk scheduling,
Disk management, Swap-space Management, RAID structure, Stable-storage
Implementation, Tertiary-Storage StructureI/O systems: I/O hardware, Application I/O
interface, Kernel I/O subsystem, Transforming I/O request to hardware operations,
STREAMS.
UNIT V
File Management: File system-File concepts, Access methods, Directory structure, File
system mounting, File sharing and Protection. Implementing file systems-File system
structure and implementation, Directory implementation, Allocation methods, Free-
space management, Efficiency and performance
Security: Security threats, Protection, Intruders, Viruses, Trusted System.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Operating System Principles- Abraham Silberchatz, Peter B. Galvin, Greg
Gagne 7th Edition, John Wiley.
2. Operating Systems - Internal and Design Principles, Stallings, Fifth Edition-
2005, Pearson education/PHI.
REFERENCES
1. Operating System A Design Approach-Crowley,TMH.
2. Modern Operating Systems, Andrew S Tanenbaum 2nd edition Pearson/PHI.
3. “An Introduction to Operating Systems, Concepts and Practice”, PHI, 2003 -
Pramod Chandra P. Bhat.
4. Operating Systems – A concept based approach – DM Dhamdhere – 2nd
Edition TMH
159
IV Year B. Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C

0 3 2
(13ECE108) MICROWAVE ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Course Objectives
• To study the performance of microwave oscillators
• To measure the characteristic parameters of Microwave components
• To calculate scattering parameters of microwave junctions
• To analyze various parameters of Microwave components
Course Outcomes
• Characterize microwave oscillator sources.
• Measure and analyze performance characteristics of microwave components
• Analyze the scattering parameters of microwave junctions
• Design a microwave communication link.
Minimum of 10 experiments to be conducted

1. Reflex Klystron Characteristics.
2. Gunn Diode Characteristics.
3. Attenuation Measurement.
4. Directional Coupler Characteristics.
5. VSWR Measurement.
6. Impedance and Frequency Measurement.
7. Waveguide parameters measurement.
8. Scattering parameters of Circulator.
9. Scattering parameters of Magic Tee.
10. Radiation Pattern Measurement.
11. Scattering parameters of E-Plane Tee.
12. Scattering parameters of H-Plane Tee.
13. Characteristics of Isolator.
14. Directivity measurement.
160

0 3 2
(13ECE109) ECAD AND VLSI LABORATORY
Course Objectives
• To learn hardware description language and modeling of combinational circuits.
• To learn hardware description language and modeling of sequential circuits.
• To design digital circuits using CAD tools.
• To learn the use of CAD tools for digital circuit design.
Course Outcomes
• Apply switching theory to the solution of logic design problems
• Understand the logical properties of flip-flops and design counters, adders,
sequence detectors using HDL .
• Understand the flow of mentor graphic tools for digital design and draw layouts using
CAD tools.
• Understand the concepts of frontend and backend tools for digital design.
E-CAD Programs
Programming can be done by using any compiler. Down load the programs on
FPGA/CPLD boards and performance testing may be done using pattern generator (32
channel) and logic analyzer apart from verification by simulation with any of the front
end tools.
1. HDL code to realize all the logic gates.
2. Design of 2-to -4 decoder.
3. Design of 8-to-3 encoder (Without and with parity)
4. Design of 8-to-1 Multiplexer
5. Design of 4 bit binary to gray converter.
6. Design of comparator
7. Design of full adder using 3 modeling styles.
8. Design of flips: SR, D, JK, T.
9. Design of 4-bit binary, BCD counters (synchronous /asynchronous reset)
10. Sequence detector.
161
VLSI Programs
1. Introduction to layout design rules
2. Layout, physical verification, placement and route for complex design.
3 Basic logic gates
• CMOS inverter
• CMOS NOR/ NAND gates
• CMOS XOR gate and MUX
4 CMOS 1-bit full adder
5 Flip Flops
• SR Flip – Flop
• JK Flip – Flop
• D Flip – Flop
• T Flip - Flop
162
IV Year B.Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/DC

0 4 2
(13ECE201) INDUSTRY ORIENTED MINI PROJECT
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

0 3 2
(13ECE203) TECHNICAL SEMINAR
163

4 0 4
(13ECE019) CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
Course Objectives
• To understand concepts of cellular and mobile radio systems
• To design cellular radio system and the required antennas.
• To learn various types of interferences and mobile propagation.
• To learn about digital cellular networks
Course Outcomes
• Design and analyze Basic Cellular System.
• Understand of frequency reuse and Co-channel Interference and different
methods of cell splitting and sectoring.
• Measure the real time Co-Channel Interference.
• Apply the different methods of Handoff mechanisms.
UNIT I
CELLULAR MOBILE RADIO SYSTEMS: Introduction to Cellular Mobile System,
Performance criteria, uniqueness of mobile radio environment, operation of cellular
systems, Hexagonal shaped cells, Analog and Digital Cellular systems.
ELEMENTS OF CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEM DESIGN : General description of the
problem, concept of frequency reuse, Co-channel Interference Reduction Factor,
desired C/I from a normal case in a omni directional Antenna system, Cell splitting,
consideration of the components of Cellular system.
UNIT II
INTERFERENCE : Introduction to Co-Channel Interference, real time Co-Channel
interference, measurement, design of Antenna system, Antenna parameters and their
effects, diversity receiver, non-co-channel interference-different types.
CELL COVERAGE FOR SIGNAL AND TRAFFIC :Signal reflections in flat and hilly
terrain, effect of human made structures, phase difference between direct and reflected
paths, constant standard deviation, straight line path loss slope, general formula for
mobile propagation over water and flat open area, near and long distance propagation,
path loss from of a point to point prediction model.
164
UNIT III
CELL SITE AND MOBILE ANTENNAS : Sum and difference patterns and their
synthesis, omni directional antennas, directional antennas for interference reduction,
space diversity antennas, umbrella pattern antennas, minimum separation of cell site
antennas, high gain antennas.
FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT AND CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT: Numbering and
grouping, setup access and paging channels channel assignments to cell sites and
mobile units, channel sharing and borrowing, sectorization, overlaid cells, non fixed
channel assignment.
UNIT IV
HANDOFFS AND DROPPED CALLS:
Handoff, dropped calls and cell splitting, types of handoff, handoff initiation, delaying
handoff, forced handoff, mobile assisted handoff, Intersystem handoff, micro cells,
vehicle locating methods, dropped call rates and their evaluation.
UNIT V
DIGITAL CELLULAR NETWORKS: GSM architecture, GSM channels, GSM
Standards, multiple access schemes -TDMA, CDMA.
TEXTBOOKS
1. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications – W.C.Y. Lee, Tata McGraw Hill, 2ndEdition,
2006.
2. Principles of Mobile Communications – Gordon L. Stuber, Springer International
2nd Edition, 2007.
REFERENCES
1. Wireless Communications - Theodore. S. Rapport, Pearson education, 2nd
Edition, 2002.
2. Wireless and Mobile Communications – Lee McGraw Hills, 3rd Edition, 2006.
3. Wireless Communication and Networking – Jon W. Mark and Weihua Zhqung,
PHI, 2005.
165

Elective-III 3 0 3
(13ECE021)DSP PROCESSORS AND ARCHITECTURES
Course Objectives
• To study the Architectural details of TMS320C54xx DSPs and the concepts
involved in execution control and pipelining
• To analyze the importance of numeric formats and sources of errors in DSP
implementation
• To understand the concepts of Memory & I/O interfacing
• Develop various algorithms
Course Outcomes
• Compare various architectures

• Design systems and role sampling rate
• Interface different devices to the processor.
• Design and implement real time signal processing algorithms and
applications based on DSP processors.
UNIT I
Introduction to DSP Processors: Digital Signal Processors, various architectures:
VLIW Architecture, Multiprocessor DSPs, SHARC, SIMD, MIMD, RISC and CISC.
Execution Control and Pipelining: Hardware looping, Interrupts, Stacks, Relative
Branch support, Pipelining and Performance, Pipeline Depth, Interlocking, Branch
effects, Interrupt effects, Pipeline Programming models.
UNIT II
Typical real-time DSP systems: Data representations and arithmetic, Analog - to –
digital conversion process, Uniform and non-uniform quantization and encoding,
Oversampling in A/D conversion, Digital to analog conversion process: signal recovery,
the DAC, Anti-imaging filtering, Oversampling in D/A conversion, Analog I/O interface
for real-time DSP systems, sources of errors in DSP implementation, real time
implementation considerations.
UNIT III
Fixed-Point DSP processors: Architecture of TMS 320C 5X, C54X Processors,
addressing modes, Memory space of TMS320C54XX Processors, Program Control,
TMS320C54XX instructions and Programming, On-Chip Peripherals, Interrupts of
166
TMS320C54XX processors, Pipeline operation of TMS320C54XX Processors, speed
issues.
UNIT IV
Memory and I/O Interfacing: External bus interfacing signals, Memory interface,
Parallel I/O interface: Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct memory access
(DMA). Hardware interfacing, Multichannel Buffered Serial Port (McBSP), McBSP
Programming, CODEC interface circuit.
UNIT V
Implementation of DSP algorithms: The Q-notation, FIR Filters, IIR Filters,
Interpolation Filters, Decimation Filters, PID Controller, Adaptive Filters, 2-D Signal
Processing.
An FFT Algorithm for DFT Computation, A Butterfly Computation, Overflow and
scaling, Bit-Reversed index generation, An 8-Point FFT implementation on the
TMS320C54XX.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Digital Signal Processing – Avtar Singh and S. Srinivasan, Thomson
Publications, 2004.
2. Digital Signal Processing A Practical approach, Second Edition, Emmanuel C.
Ifeachor,Barrie W Jervis,Pearson Publications. 2002.
REFERENCES
1. Digital Signal processors Architectures, implementations and Applications-Sen
M.Kuo, Woon-Seng S.Gan, Pearson Publications, 2009.
2. Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming and Applications –
B. Venkata Ramani and M. Bhaskar,TMH, 2004.
3. Digital Signal Processing – Jonatham Stein, John Wiley, 2005.
4. DSP Processor Fundamentals, Architectures and Features – Lapsley,
S. Chand, 2000.
5. “DSP Applications with TMS 320 Family”, K. Shin ,Prentice Hall, 1987.
167

Elective-III 3 0 3
(13ECE022) SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
Course Objectives
• Know, design understand the construction and principles of Satellites used
for communications
• Know the tracking techniques of satellites
• Learn about various multiple accessing techniques
• Know about the application of satellites in GPS and other applications
Course Outcomes
• Understand the communication satellite mechanics and know about the
satellite internal sub systems for communication applications
• Design the power budget for satellite links
• Know about the principles of GPS
• Understand various constellations of satellite and their applications
UNIT I
Introduction: Origin of Satellite Communications, Historical Back-ground, Basic
Concepts of Satellite Communications, Frequency allocations for Satellite Services,
Applications, Future Trends of Satellite Communications.
Orbital Mechanics and Launchers: Orbital Mechanics, Look Angle determination,
Orbital perturbations, Orbital determination, Launches and Launch vehicles, Orbital
effects in communication systems performance.
UNIT II
Satellite Subsystems: Attitude and Orbit control system, Telemetry, Tracking,
Commanding and Monitoring, Power Systems, Communication Subsystems, Satellite
antennas, Equipment reliability and Space qualification.
UNIT III
Multiple Access: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Intermodulation,
calculation of C/N. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frame structure, Examples.
Satellite Switched TDMA Onboard processing, DAMA, Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA), Spread Spectrum Transmission and Reception.
168
UNIT IV
Satellite Link Design: Basic transmission theory, system noise temperature and G/T
ratio, Design of down links, Uplink design, Design of satellite links for specified C/N,
System design examples.
Earth Station Technology: Introduction, Transmitters, Receivers, Antennas, Tracking
systems, Terrestrial Interface, Primary Power test methods.
UNIT V
Low Earth Orbit and Geo-Stationary Satellite Systems: Orbit considerations,
Coverage and Frequency Consideration, Delay and Throughput considerations,
Systems considerations, Operational NGSO Constellation Designs.
Satellite Navigation and Global Positioning System: Radio and Satellite Navigation,
GPS Position Location principles, GPS Receivers and Codes, Satellite Signal
Acquisition, GPS Navigation Message, GPS Signal Levels, GPS Receiver Operation,
GPS C/A code accuracy, Differential GPS.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Satellite Communications- Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian and Jeremy Allnutt,
WSE, Wiley Publications, 2ndEdition, 2003.
2. Satellite Communications Engineering- Wilbur L. Pritchard, Robert A Nelson
and Henri G. Suyderhoud, 2nd Edition, Pearson Publications, 2003.
REFERENCES
1. Satellite Communications: Design Principles- M. Richharia, B S publications,
2nd Edition, 2003.
2. Satellite Communication- D.C Agarwal, Khanna Publications, 5th Edition.
3. Fundamentals of Satellite Communications- K.N. Raja Rao, PHI, 2004
4. Satellite Communications- Dennis Roddy, McGraw Hill, 4th Edition, 2009
169

Elective - III 3 0 3
(13ECE023) EMBEDDED REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS
Course Objectives
• Learn the general embedded system concepts
• Understand design of embedded hardware and software development tools
• Learn the basics of OS and RTOS
• Describe key issues such as CPU scheduling, memory management, task
synchronization, and file system in the context of real-time embedded
systems.
Course Outcomes
• Understand and design real time and non real time embedded systems
• Define the unique design challenges of real-time systems and program them.
• Understand unique characteristics of RTOS and use RTOS to build an
embedded real-time system
• Gain knowledge and skills necessary to design and develop embedded
applications based on real-time operating systems.
UNIT I
FUNDAMENTALS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Definition – Classification of Embedded Systems - Processors in the system - Other
Hardware units. Software components - Examples for embedded systems, Design
issues and trends
UNIT II
EMBEDDED HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
Processor Architecture- Structured units of a processor - Processor selection factors.
Common memory devices - Memory selection - Memory map - Internal devices & I/O
devices, Serial devices - Parallel port devices, Timer and Counting devices - Direct
memory access, Communication Interface Standards.
UNIT III
EMBEDDED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
Embedded System Development Process, Embedded Operating systems, Types of
Embedded Operating systems, Host and Target machines, Linkers/Locators for
170
embedded software, getting embedded software into the target system, Testing on
host machine.
UNIT IV
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS CONCEPTS -I
Typical OS structure - RTOS structure - The context of its use - Schedule management
for multiple tasks - Scheduling in real time - RTOS task scheduling models – Round
Robin, Round Robin with Interrupts, Priority driven- Preemptive and Non-preemptive
scheduling
UNIT V
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS CONCEPTS -II
Tasks and Task states, Tasks and Data, Semaphores and shared data, Message
queues, Mailboxes and Pipes, Timer functions, events, Memory management, Interrupt
routines in an RTOS environment.
Case study of RTOS using MUCOS. Case study for RTOS based programming -
Coding for Automatic Chocolate vending machine using MUCOS.
TEXT BOOKS
1. An Embedded Software Primer – David E. Simon, Pearson Ed., 2005.
2. Embedded systems - architecture, programming and design - Raj Kamal;
Tata McGraw Hill
REFERENCES
1. Real time Systems”, J. W. S. Liu, Pearson
2. The 8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems using Assembly and C by
Ayala & Gadre, Cengage Publications
171

(13ECE027) BASICS IN NANO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Course Objectives
• To understand the size dependent physical properties of materials with nano
dimensions
• To learn the principles of various preparation methods of nano materials
• To know the different characterization techniques of nano materials and
related instruments
• To study the basic electronic devices at nano scale.
Course Outcomes
• Realize and explain that the properties of nano materials are size dependent
and vary from corresponding bulk materials
• Demonstrate the skills required to prepare some of the nano materials in the
laboratory
• Characterize and study the properties with respect to their size and shapes.
• Appreciate the applications of nano electronic devices and understand their
basic principles.
UNIT-I
Basics of Nano science
Introduction to quantum physics, electron as waves, wave mechanics, Schrödinger
equationand particle in a box, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, exclusion principle,
Free electron theory (qualitative idea) and its features, Idea of band structure, Density
of states for zero, one, two and three dimensional materials, Quantum confinement,
Quantum wells, wires, dots, Factors affecting by particle size
UNIT II
Properties of Nanomaterials
Mechanical, Thermal, Electrical, Optical, Magnetic and Structural properties of
nanomaterials.Electrical and mechanical properties of Carbon nanostructures.
UNIT III
Synthesis of Nonmaterials
Physical methods: Bottom up-Ball Milling, Physical vapour deposition, Ionized
cluster beam deposition, Laser pyrolysis, Sputter deposition, Gas evaporation.
Chemical methods: Top downChemical vapor deposition, Synthesis of metal &
semiconductor nano particles by colloidal route, Sol-gel method, Combustion method.
172
UNIT IV
Nanomaterials characterization
XRD, UV-VIS spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray photon emission spectroscopy,
Surface, electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning tunneling
microscopy,Atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy.
UNIT V
Nanoelectronics
The p-n-junction and bipolar transistor, Metal semiconductor and metal insulator,
semiconductor junction, field effect transistor.
Nano scale MOSFETS, limits to scaling, system integration, interconnects, Nanowire
Field, Effect Transistors, Single Electron Transistors, Carbon nanotube transistors,
Memory Devices
TEXT BOOKS
1. Nanotechnology: Principles & Practicals. Sulbha K. Kulkarni, Capital Publishing
Co.New Delhi.
2. Carbon nanotechnology-Recent developments in Chemistry, Physics, materials
science and device applications-Elsevier Science
3. Nanostructures & Nanomaterials Synthesis, Properties & Applications.
Guozhong Cao, Imperials College PressLondon.
REFERENCES
1. Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties & Applications. Edited by A.S. Edelstein &

R.C.Commorata. Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol & Philadelphia.
2. Introduction to Nanotechnology. C.P. Poole Jr. and F. J.Owens, Wiley Student
Edition.
3. Nano: The Essentials. T.Pradeep , McGraw Hill Education.
4. Nanophysics & Nanotechnology: An Introduction to Modern Concepts in
Nanoscience Edward L. Wolf (2nd Ed.),WILEY-VCH, 2006
5. Nanoscience and Technology: Novel Structure and Phenomena- Ping and
Sheng
173

(13CSE013) CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY
Course Objectives
• Understand security concepts, Ethics in Network Security.Analyze the
tradeoffs inherent in security, Understand the basic categories of threats to
computers and networks and Comprehend security services and
mechanisms in the network protocol stack
• Discuss issues for creating security policy for a large organization, Defend
the need for protection and security, and the role of ethical considerations in
computer use
• Describe efficient basic number-theoretic algorithms, including greatest
common divisor, multiplicative inverse mod n, and raising to powers mod n.
• Describe at least one public-key cryptosystem, including a necessary
complexity-theoretic assumption for its security.
• Create simple extensions of cryptographic protocols, using known protocols
and cryptographic primitives.
• Comprehend and apply authentication services and mechanisms, Describe
the enhancements made to IPv4 by IPSec, Understand Intrusions and
intrusion detection
• Generate and distribute a PGP key pair and use the PGP package to send
an encrypted e-mail message.
• Understand security threats, and the security services and mechanisms to
counter them, Comprehend and apply relevant protocol like SSL, SSH etc,
Comprehend and apply email security services and mechanisms.
Course Outcomes
• Design a security solution for a given application.
• Analyse a given system with respect to security of the system.
• Should be able to identify network security threats and determine efforts to
counter them
• Should be able to write code for relevant cryptographic algorithms, Should be
able to write a secure access client for access to a server
• Should be able to send and receive secure mails, Should be able to
determine firewall requirements, and configure a firewall.
174
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION: Security Attacks, Services Mechanisms, A model for Internetwork
security, Classical Encryption techniques, Fiestel Cipher Structure,
Data Encryption Standard, Block Cipher Design Principles and Modes of Operation,
Triple DES, IDEA, BLOWFISH, RC-4, Evaluation criteria for AES, AES Cipher,
Placement of Encryption Function, Traffic Confidentiality.
UNIT II
PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY
Confidentiality using Symmetric Encryption – Principles of Public key Cryptosystems,
RSA algorithm, Key Management, Diffie-Hellman key Exchange, Elliptic Curve
Cryptography. Buffer overflow, TCP session hijacking, ARP attacks, route table
modification, UDP hijacking and man-in-the-middle attacks.
UNIT III
AUTHENTICATION AND HASH FUNCTIONS
Authentication requirements, Authentication functions, Message Authentication Codes,
Hash Functions, Security of Hash Functions and MACs, MD5 message Digest
algorithm , Secure Hash Algorithm, RIPEMD, HMAC Digital Signatures, Authentication
Protocols, Digital Signature Standard, Authentication Applications: Kerberos – X.509
Authentication Service
UNIT IV
NETWORK SECURITY: Email Security and Web Security
Electronic Mail Security – PGP/ SMIME, IP security- Architecture, Authentication
Header, Encapsulating Security Payload, Key Management, Web Security- Secure
Socket Layer, Transport Layer Security and Secure Electronic Transaction.
UNIT V
SYSTEM LEVEL SECURITY
Intrusion detection – password management – Viruses and related Threats – Virus
Counter measures – Firewall Design Principles – Trusted Systems.
TEXT BOOKS
1. William Stallings, “Cryptography And Network Security – Principles and
Practices”, Prentice Hall of India, Fourth Edition, 2005.
2. Bruce Schneier, “Applied Cryptography”, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2001
REFERENCES
1. Charles B. Pfleeger, Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, “Security in Computing”, Third
Edition, Pearson Education, 2003
2. Atul Kahate, “Cryptography and Network Security”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2003.
175
3. “Hack Proofing your network” by Ryan Russell, Dan Kaminsky, Rain Forest,
Puppy, Joe Grand, DavidAhmad, Hal Flynn Ido Dubrawsky, Steve
W.Manzuik and Ryan Permeh, wiley Dreamtech
4. Cryptography: Theory and Practice by Douglas R. Stinson, CRC press,
hardcover, Published March, 1995. ISBN 0-8493-8521-0
5. Network Security Essentials: Applications and Standards by William
Stallings.Prentice Hall, Hardcover, Published November 1999, 366 pages,
ISBN 0130160938.
176

Elective-IV 3 0 3
(13ECE020) SPEECH PROCESSING

Course Objectives
• To learn the fundamentals of Speech Production and Perception and modeling
• To Comprehensively learn the Signal Processing techniques applied for Speech,
• To Understand building blocks of Speech Processing for Speaker Recognition
• To learn various Speech Technologies related to Accent and Emotion
Recognition.
Course Outcomes
• Study the concatenated tube models of Speech Production and represent Vocal
tract as a filter and its transfer function determination .
• Find the fundamental frequency (pitch) and formant estimation using signal
processing methods like average zero crossing rate, auto correlaton function
• Understand the Linear prediction analysis and coding techniques.
• Know the working of Speech technological applications
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION TO SPEECH SIGNAL PROCESSING
Production and Classification of Speech Sounds : Introduction , Anatomy and
physiology of Speech Production, Spectrographic analysis of speech, Categorization o
Speech sounds, Prosody, Speech perception.
Acoustics of Speech production: Sound propagation, Uniform Lossless Tube
example, Effects of Radiation at the lips, Vocal tract transfer function for vowels, Effect
of Nasal coupling, Excitation of sound in Vocal tract, Models based upon acoustic
theory.
Lossless Tube models : Wave propagation in Concatenated Lossless Tube ,
Boundary Conditions, Transfer functions of Lossless tube models.
Digital Models for Speech signals : Transfer functions of Vocal tract, Radiation,
Excitation, The complete model
UNIT II
DSP TECHNIQUES FOR SPEECH ANALYSIS
Time-Dependent processing of speech: Short-time energy and Average magnitude
,Role of Windows, Short-time average zero crossing Rate, Short-Time Auto
correlation function, Pitch Period estimation using the Auto correlation function.
177
Short-Time Fourier Analysis :Practical consideration in the design of Digital Filter
Banks, Filter Bank design using IIR filters, Fiter Bank design using FIR filter,
Spectrographic Displays, Pitch detection.
UNIT III
SPEECH PROCESSING METHODS
Homomorphic Signal Processing of speech :Homomorphic systems for convolution,
Complex Cepstrum of Speech, Properties of the Complex Cepstrum, Computational
considerations, Pitch detection, Formant detection, Homomorphic Vocoder.
UNIT IV
SPEECH SIGNAL MODELLING
Speech Coding :Scalar Quantization- Instantaneous and Adaptive Quantization ;
Vector Quantization – Approach, Use in Speech Transmission.
Linear Prediction Analysis :Basic Principles of linear predictive analyses, Prediction
error signal , Relation of LP analysis to lossless Tube models, Synthesis of speech
from LP parameters ; Applications of LPC parameters -Pitch detection using LPC
parameters, Formant analysis using LPC parameters, LPC Vocoder
UNIT V
SPEECH TECHOLOGIES
Speech Recognition and understanding : Introduction , Common Feature Vectors;
Deterministic Sequence Recognition – Linear Time Warp, Dynamic Time Warp ;
Statistical Sequence Recognition –Hidden Markov Model ; Phonological models,
Language models, Decoding with Acoustic and Language models, A complete system
, Accepting realistic input
Speaker Recognition: Introduction,Spectral features – Mel Cepstrum, Sub Cepstrum
; Speaker Recognition Algorithms – Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) , Speaker
Identification and Speaker Verification using GMM .
TEXT BOOKS
1. L.R.Rabiner and R.W.Schafer : Digital Processing of Speech Signals,
Pearson Education, 2002
2. Thomas F Quateri, Discrete time Speech Signal Processing , Principles and
Practice, Pearson Education,2002
3. Ben Gold, Nelson Morgan,Speech and Audio Signal Processing John Wiley
and Sons ,2002.
REFERENCES
1. LI DENG,DOUGLAS O’ SHAUGHNESSY, Speech Processing, Marcel
Dekker Inc
2. Digital speech ,A.M.KONDOZ, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons.
3. Dellar and Proakis, Digital Speech processing..
178

Elective – IV 3 0 3
(13ECE024) SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS
Course Objectives
• Understand the concepts of spread spectrum communication techniques,
code tracking loops and synchronization of the receivers in wireless systems.
• Describe the principles of CDMA, detection schemes and interference
cancellation techniques of CDMA.
• Analyze the performance of the spread spectrum communication systems.
• Understand the fundamental concepts of Software Defined Radio and develop
SDR based end-to-end Communication.
Course Outcomes
• Apply fundamental knowledge of spread spectrum communication to provide
initial synchronization of a receiver with spreading codes.
• Based on knowledge of CDMA, analyze the performance of detection schemes
and interference cancellation techniques.
• Analyze the performance of spread spectrums in jamming environments.
• Apply the fundamental knowledge of Software Defined Radio, design SDR and
establish SDR based end-to-end communication.
UNIT I
Introduction to spread spectrum system: Fundamental concepts of spread
spectrum systems, Pseudo noise sequences, direct sequence spread spectrum,
frequency hop spread spectrum, Hybrid direct sequence frequency-hop spread
spectrum, code division multiple access
Binary shift register sequences for spread spectrum systems: Introduction, Definitions,
Mathematical back ground and sequence generator fundamentals, maximal length
sequences, Gold codes.
UNIT II
Code tracking Loops: Introduction, Optimum tracking of wideband signals, Base
band delay-lock tracking loop, Tau-dither non-coherent tracking loop, Double dither
non-coherent tracking loop.
Initial synchronization of the receiver spreading code: Introduction, Problem definition
and the optimum synchronizer, serial search synchronization techniques,
synchronization using matched filter, synchronization by estimated the received
spreading code.
179
UNIT III
Cellular code division multiple access CDMA Principles: Introduction, Wide band
mobile channel, The cellular CDMA System, Single user receiver in a multi user
channel, CDMA System capacity.
Multi-User detection in CDMA Cellular radio: Optimal multi-user detection, linear
suboptimal detectors, Interference combat detection schemes, Interference
Cancellation techniques.
UNIT IV
Performance of spread spectrum systems in jamming environments: Spread
Spectrum Communication system model, Performance of spread spectrum systems
without coding, Performance of spread spectrum systems with forward error correction:
Elementary block coding concepts, Optimum decoding rule, Calculation of error
probability. Elementary convolution coding concepts, Viterbi algorithm, Decoding and
bit-error rate.
UNIT V
Software Defined Radio
Introduction to SDR:SDR concepts and history, Characteristics and Benefits of SDR,
SDR Forum, Design principles of Software Defined Radio, Ideal SDR architecture,
SDR Based End-to-End Communication.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Introduction to spread spectrum communication - Rodger Eziemer, Roger
L.Peterson and David E Borth–Pearson, 1st Edition,1995
2. Introduction to CDMA wireless Communications- Mosa Ali Abu, Rgheff,
Elsevier Publications, 2008.
3. A Modern Approach to Radio Engineering - Software Radio - Jeffrey H.
Reed, Prentice Hall PTR, May 2002
REFERENCES
1. Modern Communication and Spread Spectrum - George R. Cooper, Clare D.
McGillem, McGraw Hill, 1986.
2. CDMA; Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication - Andrew J. Viterbi,
Pearson Education, 1st Edition, 1995.
3. Wireless Digital Communications – Kamilo Feher, PHI, 2009.
4. WCDMA Design Handbook -Andrew Richardson, Cambridge University
Press, 2005.
5. Software Defined Radio, Architectures, Systems and Functions -Dillinger,
Madani, Alonistioti(Eds.), Wiley, 2003.
180
IV Year B. Tech ECE – II sem L T/P/D C

Elective-IV 3 0 3
(13ECE025) AD-HOC WIRELESS NETWORKS
Course Objectives
• To learn about the fundamentals of Adhoc wireless networks.
• To learn about the different Routing protocols.
• To learn about the different Multicasting and Security protocols.
• To learn about the Qos and different power management schems.
Course Outcomes
• Design protocols using IEEE standards
• Design and implement different Routing protocols.
• Design and implement different Multicasting and security protocols.
• Implement different power management schems.
UNIT I
FUNDAMENTALS
Introduction – Fundamentals of Wireless Communication Technology – The
Electromagnetic Spectrum – Radio Propagation Mechanisms – Characteristics of the
Wireless Channel – IEEE 802.11a–b Standard – Origin of Ad hoc Packet Radio
Networks – Technical Challenges – Architecture of PRNETs – Components of Packet
Radios – Ad hoc Wireless Networks – What is an Ad Hoc Network? Heterogeneity in
Mobile Devices – Wireless Sensor Networks – Traffic Profiles – Types of Ad hoc
Mobile Communications – Types of Mobile Host Movements – Challenges Facing Ad
hoc Mobile Networks – Ad hoc wireless Internet.
UNIT II
AD HOC ROUTING PROTOCOLS
Introduction – Issues in Designing a Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks –
Classifications of Routing Protocols – Table–Driven Routing Protocols – Destination
Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) – Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP) – Cluster
Switch Gateway Routing (CSGR) – Source–Initiated On–Demand Approaches – Ad
hoc On–Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) – Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) –
Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) – Signal Stability Routing (SSR) –
Location–Aided Routing (LAR) – Power–Aware Routing (PAR) – Zone Routing
Protocol (ZRP).
181
UNIT III
MULTICASTROUTING IN ADHOC NETWORKS
Introduction – Issues in Designing a Multicast Routing Protocol – Operation of
Multicast Routing Protocols – An Architecture Reference Model for Multicast Routing
Protocols –Classifications of Multicast Routing Protocols – Tree–Based Multicast
Routing Protocols– Mesh–Based Multicast Routing Protocols – Summary of Tree and
Mesh based Protocols – Energy–Efficient Multicasting – Multicasting with Quality of
Service Guarantees – Application – Dependent Multicast Routing – Comparisons of
Multicast Routing Protocols.
UNIT IV
TRANSPORT LAYER– SECURITY PROTOCOLS
Introduction – Issues in Designing a Transport Layer Protocol for Ad hoc Wireless
Networks – Design Goals of a Transport Layer Protocol for Ad hoc Wireless Networks
–Classification of Transport Layer Solutions – TCP over Ad hoc Wireless Networks –
Other Transport Layer Protocols for Ad hoc Wireless Networks – Security in Ad Hoc
Wireless Networks – Network Security Requirements – Issues and Challenges in
Security Provisioning – Network Security Attacks – Key Management – Secure Routing
in Ad hoc Wireless Networks.
UNIT V
QoS AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Introduction – Issues and Challenges in Providing QoS in Ad hoc wireless Networks –
Classifications of QoS Solutions – MAC Layer Solutions – Network Layer Solutions –
QoS Frameworks for Ad hoc Wireless Networks Energy Management in Ad hoc
Wireless Networks –Introduction – Need for Energy Management in Ad hoc Wireless
Networks – Classification of Energy Management Schemes – Battery Management
Schemes – Transmission Power Management Schemes – System Power
Management Schemes.
TEXT BOOKS
1. C. Siva Ram Murthy and B. S. Manoj, “Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
Architectures and Protocols”, Prentice Hall, PTR, 2004.
REFERENCES
1. C. K. Toh, “Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks Protocols and Systems”,
Prentice Hall, PTR, 2001.
2. Charles E. Perkins, “Ad Hoc Networking”, Addison Wesley, 2000
3. Introduction to Wireless Telecommunications Systems and Networks, Mullet,
Cengage Publications
182

Elective-IV 3 0 3
(13ECE026) CPLD AND FPGA ARCHITECTURES
Course Objectives
• To Learn architectures and technologies of various PLD's , CPLDs and FPGAs
• To introduce the student to state machines for sequential circuit design and
petrinets for parallel controllers.
• To describe partitioning techniques and Placement & Routing algorithms for
FPGAs.
• To gain knowledge about EDA Tools for FPGAs & ASICs and case studies
Course Outcomes
• Understand the various architectures of PLD's ,CPLDs and FPGAs
• Design real time applications using state machines and petrinets.
• Analyze placement and routing algorithms.
• Verify the digital design, placement and routing of the designs using CAD
tools.
UNIT I
Programmable logic: Combinational logic - PLD’S- ROM, PLA, PAL, PGA,
Sequential programmable logic devices.
CPLDs: Features, programming and applications using complex programmable logic
devices Altera series – Max 5000/7000 series and Altera FLEX logic- 10000 series
CPLD, Cypress FLASH 370 Device technology, Lattice PLSI’s architectures – Speed
performance and in system programmability.
UNIT II
FPGAs: Field Programmable gate arrays- Logic blocks, routing architecture, design
flow , technology mapping for FPGAs, Programming technologies, Xilinx
XC4000,Virtex-II FPGA,Spartan-3 FPGA and ALTERA’s FLEX 8000/10000 FPGAs,
ACTEL’s ACT-1,2,3 and their speed performance.
183
UNIT III
State machines: Linked state machine, one hot state machine, petrinets for state
machines-Basic concepts, properties, extended petrinets for parallel controllers, traffic
light controller.
UNIT IV
Placement: objectives Min-cut based placement , iterative improvement placement,
Routing- objectives , segmented channel routing maze routing, routability estimation ,
net delays, computing signal delay in RC tree networks.
UNIT V
EDA Tools:Digital front end digital design tools for FPGAs and ASICs: Using mentor
graphics EDA tools: FPGA Advantage, Simulation, synthesis, floor planning, Place and
Route (PAR), Configuration of FPGA,
Case studies of multiplexers, counters.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Field Programmable Gate Array Technology - S Trimberger, Edr, Kluwer
Academic Publications,1994.
2. Field Programmable Gate Arrays, John V.Oldfield, Richard C Dore, Wiley
Publications.
3. Digital System Design Using VHDL – Charles H Roth, Jr. Thomson, 1998.
REFERENCES
1. Digital Design Using Field Programmable Gate Array, P.K.Chan and S.
Mourad, Prentice Hall, 1994,
2. Application – Specific Integrated Circuits – Michael John Sebastian Smith,
Addison Wesley Professional ,1997.
3. Field programmable gate array, S. D. Brown, R.J.Francis, J.Rose
,Z.G.Vranesic, BSP, 2007.
4. Digital Systems Design with FPGA’s and CPLDs – Ian Grout, Elsevier, 2009.
184

Elective-IV 3 0 3
(13EIE007) BIO-MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
Course Objectives
• Identify and obtain biological parameters and relationship between them.
• Identify mathematical models and principles for the design of biomedical
instrumentation systems.
• Understand the principles involved in acquiring different bio-signals.
• Represent these principles in form of mathematical equations.
.
Course Outcomes
• Apply fundamental knowledge of sciences to analyze the relationship among
different bio signals
• Apply fundamental knowledge of mathematics coupled with electronics and
use it for designing bio amplifiers for different applications.
• Understand or become aware of artifacts caused by an incorrect diagnosis
of the symptoms through sample data.
• Apply these equations to analyze real time problems by making good
assumptions and learn systematic engineering method design robust
amplifiers.
UNIT I
Bio-signals and their characteristics, organization of cell, Nernst equation of
membrane, Resting and Action potentials.
Bio-amplifiers, characteristics of medical instruments, problems encountered with
measurements from living systems.
Bio-potential electrodes – Body surface recording electrodes, Internal electrodes, micro
electrodes.
Bio-chemical transducers – reference electrode, the pH electrodes, Blood gas
electrodes.
UNIT II
Heart and cardiovascular system Heart electrical acvitity, blood pressure and heart
sounds.
Cardiovascular measurements electro cardiography – electroeardiogram, ECG
Amplifier, Electrodes and leads, ECG recorder principles. Types of ECG recorders.
Principles of blood pressure and blood flow measurement.
185
UNIT III
Anatomy of the nervous system-neuronal communication, electro encepherogram
(EEG), EEG Measurements EEG electrode-placement system, interpretation of EEG,
EEG system Block diagram, pre-amplifiers and amplifiers,
Anatomy of vision, electrophysiology of the Eye (ERG) Spatial properties of ERG, the
electrooculogram (EOG), Ophthalmoscopes, Tonometer for eye pressure
measurement.
UNIT IV
Therapeutic equipment, Pacemaker, Defibrillator, Shortwave diathermy. Hemodialysis
machine. Respiratory Instrumentation - Mechanism of respiration, Spirometry,
Pneumotachograph, Ventilators.
UNIT V
Modern medical imaging systems-Radiography, computed Radiography, Computed
Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear Medicine, Single
Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Positron Emission Tomography
(PET), Ultrasonography.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements – by Leslie Cromwell, F.J.
Weibell, E.A. Pfeiffer, PHI.
2. Medical Instrumentation, Application and Design – by John G. Webster, John
Wiley.
REFERENCES
1. Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation – by L.A. Geoddes and L.E.
Baker, John Wiley and Sons.
2. Hand-book of Biomedical Instrumentation – by R.S. Khandpur, McGraw-Hill,
2003.
3. Introduction to Biomedical equipment technology-by Joseph Carr and Brown.
4. Biomedical Electronics and Instrumentation by Omkar N Pandey and Rakesh
Kumar
186

0 18 12
(13ECE202) PROJECT

0 0 2
(13ECE204) COMPREHENSIVE VIVA-VOCE
187

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ACADEMIC REGULATIONS

COURSE STRUCTURE AND

Electronics and Communication

B.TECH. FOUR YEAR DEGREE COURSE

(Applicable for the batches admitted from 2013-2014)

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF

Bachupally, Nizampet (S.O), Hyderabad – 500090, Telangana State, India

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS FOR B.TECH. DEGREE COURSE

1.1 Eligibility Criteria for Admission

Table: Compulsory Subjects

>=80 and <89.99 A+ Excellent 9.00

Not Appeared the N Absent

>=5.0 and < 5.5 Pass class

Calculation of Semester Grade Points Average (SGPA):

Total Earned Weighted Grade Po int s for that Semester

Where ‘Ci’ = Number of Credits allotted to particular subject ‘I’

Where Ci= Number of credits allotted to a particular subject ‘I”

Table: Compulsory Subjects

Malpractices identified by squad or special invigilators

Vision: A resource center to impart technical education with high pattern of

Mission: To facilitate young Engineers to acquire technical exposure in the areas

Program Educational Objectives:

Demonstrate outstanding educational and analytical skills to analyze and solve

1) To produce Electronics and Communication Engineering Professionals with a

2) To train students in good scientific and engineering practices so that they

3) To prepare students to adopt the learning culture needed for a successful

4) To inculcate organizing and managerial skills essential for professional growth.

5) To develop the consciousness among students towards universal moral values

Subject Code Subject Name Lectures T/P/D Credits

13CSE001 Computer Programming 4 0 4

13CED004 Environmental Studies 3 0 3

I YEAR II SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

13ITD102 Data Structures Laboratory 0 3 2

II YEAR I SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

II YEAR II SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

III YEAR I SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

13ITD004 Computer Organization

13EIE006 Linear and Digital IC

III YEAR II SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

Subject Code Subject Name Lectures T/P/D Credits

13CMS001 Business Economics and

IV YEAR I SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

13ECE108 Microwave Engineering

*Major Project initiated in I.Sem and Evaluated in II.Sem

IV YEAR II SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

13ECE026 CPLD and FPGA Architectures

13ECE202 Project Work 0 18 12

* T/P/D: Tutorial/Practical/Drawing Practice

I Year B.Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C

(13MTH001) ADVANCED CALCULUS

I Year B.Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C

(13PHY001) ENGINEERING PHYSICS

I Year B.Tech ECE- I Sem L T/P/D C

I Year B. Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C

(13CSE001) COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

I Year B. Tech ECE– I Sem L T/P/D C

(13CED004) ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

I Year B. Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C

(13MED176) ENGINEERING DRAWING