FAMILY HEALTH CENTER

KENICHIRA,POOTHADI

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

AMAL JOSEPH

REGISTER NUMBER: 17031031

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

the Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE,
MEENANGADI- 673591 MARCH 2019
 FAMILY HEALTH CENTER
KENICHIRA,POOTHADI

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

AMALKRISHNA A.B

REGISTER NUMBER: 17031032

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

the Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE,
MEENANGADI- 673591 MARCH 2019
 FAMILY HEALTH CENTER
KENICHIRA,POOTHADI

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

AMALKRISHNAN M

REGISTER NUMBER: 17031034

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

the Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE,
MEENANGADI- 673591 MARCH 2019
 FAMILY HEALTH CENTER
KENICHIRA,POOTHADI

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

ANAND P S

REGISTER NUMBER: 17031035

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

the Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE,
MEENANGADI- 673591 MARCH 2019
 FAMILY HEALTH CENTER
KENICHIRA,POOTHADI

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

ANANTHU VIJAYAN

REGISTER NUMBER: 17031036

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

the Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE,
MEENANGADI- 673591 MARCH 2019
 FAMILY HEALTH CENTER
KENICHIRA,POOTHADI

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

AMAL JOSEPH REGISTER NUMBER: 17031031

AMALKRISHNA A B REGISTER NUMBER: 17031032

AMALKRISHNAN M REGISTER NUMBER: 17031034

ANAND P S REGISTER NUMBER: 17031035

ANANTHU VIJAYAN REGISTER NUMBER:

17031036

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

the Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE,
MEENANGADI- 673591 MARCH 2019
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE MEENANGADI

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE AT

GOVERNMENT AYURVEDIC DISPENSARY AMBALAVAYAL” submitted by

“FAVAS V P” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the DIPLOMA IN

ENGINEERING in “ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING” is a bona

fide record of the work carried out under my guidance and supervision at Government

Polytechnic College, Meenangadi and “Government Ayurvedic Dispensary, Ambalavayal”.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

SUPERVISOR EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR

NAME OF HOS

This project report was evaluated by us on.....................

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE MEENANGADI

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE AT

GOVERNMENT AYURVEDIC DISPENSARY AMBALAVAYAL” submitted by

“HIJAS K T” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the DIPLOMA IN

ENGINEERING in “ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING” is a bona

fide record of the work carried out under my guidance and supervision at Government

Polytechnic College, Meenangadi and “Government Ayurvedic Dispensary, Ambalavayal”.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

SUPERVISOR EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR

NAME OF HOS

This project report was evaluated by us on............

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE MEENANGADI

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE AT

GOVERNMENT AYURVEDIC DISPENSARY AMBALAVAYAL” submitted by

“JISHNU K B” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the DIPLOMA IN

ENGINEERING in “ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING” is a bona

fide record of the work carried out under my guidance and supervision at Government

Polytechnic College, Meenangadi and “Government Ayurvedic Dispensary, Ambalavayal”.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

SUPERVISOR EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR

NAME OF HOS

This project report was evaluated by us on.....................

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE MEENANGADI

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE AT

GOVERNMENT AYURVEDIC DISPENSARY AMBALAVAYAL” submitted by

“MAHIJITH N M” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the

DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING in “ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING” is a bona fide record of the work carried out under my guidance and

supervision at Government Polytechnic College, Meenangadi and “Government Ayurvedic

Dispensary, Ambalavayal”.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

SUPERVISOR EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR

NAME OF HOS

This project report was evaluated by us on.....................

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE MEENANGADI

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE AT

GOVERNMENT AYURVEDIC DISPENSARY AMBALAVAYAL” submitted by

“MELBIN SAJI” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the DIPLOMA

IN ENGINEERING in “ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING” is a

bona fide record of the work carried out under my guidance and supervision at Government

Polytechnic College, Meenangadi and “Government Ayurvedic Dispensary, Ambalavayal”.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

SUPERVISOR EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR

NAME OF HOS

This project report was evaluated by us on...................

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE MEENANGADI

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “GOVERNMENT AYURVEDIC

DISPENSARY” submitted by “FAVAS V P REGISTER NO: 17031048”, “HIJAS K T

REGISTER NO: 17031049”, “JISHNU K B REGISTER NO: 17031050”, “MAHIJITH

N M REGISTER NO:17031051”, “MELBIN SAJI REGISTER NO:17031053” in partial

fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING in

“ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING” is a bona fide record of the

work carried out under my guidance and supervision at Government Polytechnic College,

Meenangadi and “Government Ayurvedic Dispensary, Ambalavayal”.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

SUPERVISOR EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR

NAME OF HOS

This project report was evaluated by us on............................

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of this mini project would not be
possible without the mention of the people who made it possible, without whose constant
guidance and encouragement would have made efforts go in vain. I consider myself privileged
to express gratitude and respect towards all those who guided us through the completion of this
project.

I extremely grate to our guide Mr. RIJIL V R Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering for valuable guidance and S4 Class Tutor, suggestion and inspirations throughout
the mini project.

I grateful to Mr. EARLICE C M, Head of the Department Electrical and Electronics

Engineering for giving me the support and encouragement that was necessary for the
completion of this mini project.

I would also like to express my gratitude to Mrs. PARVATHI BHASKAR, Principal,

Government polytechnic college, for providing us congenial environment to work.

Above all I thank God Almighty for providing me with right atmosphere and mental strength
to work and for helping me to make my project a successful one.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of this mini project would not be
possible without the mention of the people who made it possible, without whose constant
guidance and encouragement would have made efforts go in vain. We consider ourselves
privileged to express gratitude and respect towards all those who guided us through the
completion of this project.

We extremely grate to our guide Mr. RIJIL V R Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering for valuable guidance and S4 Class Tutor, suggestion and inspirations throughout
the mini project.

We grateful to Mr. EARLICE C M, Head of the Department Electrical and Electronics

Engineering for giving us the support and encouragement that was necessary for the completion
of this mini project.

We would also like to express our gratitude to Mrs. PARVATHI BHASKAR, Principal,
Government polytechnic college, for providing us congenial environment to work.

Above all we thank God Almighty for providing us with right atmosphere and mental
strength to work and for helping us to make our project a successful one.
 ABSTRACT
Electrical maintenance covers all aspects of testing, monitoring, fixing, and
replacing elements of an electrical system. Usually performed by a licensed
professional with a complete knowledge of the National Electric Code and local
regulations.

We are conducted conduit wiring maintenance and electrical installation in

Government Ayurvedic Dispensary Ambalavayal. This institution provides many medical
helps to local people. But this institution was not able to provide suitable help in some situation
due to some fault in electrical installation. So we selected the Government Ayurvedic
Dispensary Ambalavayal for our mini project work.
 CONTENTS

➢
5s REPORT
• Abstract
• Introduction
• What is 5s
• Why do we implement 5s
• How to implement 5s
• Work at glance
• Conclusion

➢
MINI PROJECT REPORT

• Title page
• Certificates
• Acknowledgement
• Abstract
• Contents
• List of figures
• List of tables
• Conclusion
5S REPORT
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
5S is the name of a workshop organization method that uses a list of five Japanese words: seiri,
seiso, selketsu, and shitsuke..The list describes how to organize a work space for science and
electiveness by identifying and storing the items used, maintaining the area and items, and
sustaining the new order. The decision making process usually comes from a dialogue about
standardization, which builds understanding among employees of how they should do the work.

➢
Japanese to English terms:
• Seiri (sort)
• Selton (Set in order)
• Seiso shine (cleanliness)
• Seiketsu (Standardization)
• Shitsuke (sustain)
CHAPTER 2

5S: GOOD HOUSEKEEPING TECHNIQUES FOR

ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY, QUALITY AND
SAFETY AT THE WORKPLACE

2.1. WHAT IS 5S ALL ABOUT?

5S is amongst the first and fundamental steps implemented by an enterprise towards the path
of implementing Total Quality Management and continuous improvement at the operation
level. 5S is a process designed to organize the workplace, keep it clean, maintain effective and
standard conditions. It instils the discipline required to enable each individual to achieve and
maintain a world-class environment.

The use of this tool was started in 1972 by Henry Ford in the United States as the CANDO
programme: Cleaning up, Arranging, Neatness, Discipline and Ongoing improvement. The
technique was popularized as ‘Japanese 5S’ in 1980 by Hiroyuki Hirano.

Many enterprises have practiced the 5S and derived significant benefits from it. In particular,
this technique has been widely practiced in Japan. Most Japanese 5Spractitioners consider 5S
useful not just for improving their physical environment, but also for improving their thinking
processes too. In Japan it is also called ‘workplace management’.

5S will be needed if the workplace is messy and unorganized. It will also be needed if
employees spend extra time in searching tools, papers, information, etc.
2.2. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF 5S?

5S is the acronym for five Japanese words: Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu and Shitsuke and they
represent the five steps for a systematic technique for good housekeeping as indicated in the
table below:

Table 1. The five steps of Japanese 5 S

Step Corresponding action

Seiri(Sort) Distinguish between necessary and unnecessary items.
Remove the latter.

Seiton(Set in order) Enforce the dictum ‘a place for everything and everything
in its place’.

Seiso(Shine) Clean up the workplace and look for ways to keep it clean.

Seiketsu(Standardize) Maintain and monitor adherence to the first three Ss.

Shitsuke(Sustain) Follow the rule to keep the workplace 5S-right. Hold the
gain.
5S: GOOD HOUSEKEEPING TECHNIQUES

Figure 2.1. The five steps of Japanese 5 S

2.3. WHY DO WE PRACTICE THE 5S?

The general concept of the 5S is that they are intended to eliminate waste (Osada, 1993).

Working in disorder is neither productive, nor safe. 5S is a simple and practical method to instil
a quality culture at the work place. It is relatively easy to undertake, and requires minimal
additional resources. The first and small

Investment made in time and effort pays off in a much bigger manner when the results are
realized and maintained.

Among the main benefits of implementing 5S are:

❖
the workplace becomes cleaner, safer, well-organized and more pleasant

❖
floor space utilization is improved

❖
workflow becomes smoother and more systematic and non-value added activities
are reduced;

❖
time for searching tools, materials and document is minimized;

❖
machine breakdowns are reduced since clean and well-maintained equipment breaks
down less frequently and it also becomes easier to diagnose and repair before
breakdowns occur, therefore extending equipment life;

❖
errors are minimized leading to making defect-free products;

❖
consumables and material wastage are minimized;

❖
the morale and satisfaction of employees improves; and

❖
the productivity of the organization improves together with the quality of products
and service
 Figure 2.2. Disorder is neither productive nor safe

2.4. HOW DO WE PRACTICE THE 5S?

The meaning, methods of implementing and benefits of each of the 5S are given below.

2.4.1. SORT - SEIRI

The emphasis of Seiri is on stratification management and being able to spot the
unwanted and unnecessary before they become problematic (Osada, 1993).
 Figure 2.3. Sort - Seiri

Table 1. Sort – Seiri

Meaning Methods Benefits

This means distinguishing • First decide what is necessary Your useful floor is saved.
or sort out between and what is unnecessary. To find
‘wanted’ and ‘unwanted out unnecessary items you Your searching time of
items’ at place of work and should not only check the floor tools, materials, and papers
removal of unwanted items but also shelves, lockers, is reduced.
storehouse, stairs, roofs, notice
boards, etc. You have better flow of
work.
• Put a red tag on unnecessary
items and keep them in a Your inventory cost of
separate area. unnecessary items is
reduced.
• Discard or throw those items
which have not been used in the
past one year

• Things used once in 6 to 12

months may be stored at a
distance from work station.

• Things used more than once a

month should be available at a
central point in the workplace.
• Things used
hourly/everyday/once a week
should be near the work station
or may be worn by or kept in the
2.4.2. SET IN ORDER – SEITON
Seiton in essence can be defined as neatness, having things in the right places or set up
so that they are readily available for use, eliminating the need to search. Once everything has
a right place so that it’s functionally placed for quality and safety, it can then be deemed that
the workplace is neat (Osada, 1993). While Seiri helps you to decide what items are needed,
Seiton helps you to decide the way things are to be placed.

Figure 2.4.: Set-in-order – Seiton

Table 2: Set-in-order – Seiton

Meaning Methods Benefits

Arranging items in such a • If necessary, reassign You take things out and keep
manner that they are easy to spaces, racks, cabinets, etc. things back easily.
use.
• Decide the right places for You make lesser mistakes.
Labelling them so that they everything.
are easy to find and put back. You reduce searching time.
• Put all materials and
This means a place for equipment at a place Your work environment
everything (necessary) and allocated to them with proper becomes safe
everything in its place. No label or signalization.
more homeless items. Use alerts or indications for
out-of stock situations.

• Use floor paint marking to

define working area, path,
entrance/exit, safety
equipment, cart/ trolley
locations, etc.

• Use standard colour coding

for pipelines for steam,
water, gas, drainage, etc.

• Use display cautions,

messages, instructions at
proper place at proper height
and written clearly
2.4.3. SHINE – SEISO

Seiso places emphasis on cleaning so that things are clean; in other words carrying out
cleaning as a form of inspection i.e. getting rid of waste, and foreign matter. It is important
to note that depending on the circumstance, with higher quality, higher precision and finer
processing technologies, even the minute details may have the greatest ramifications, hence
the importance to carry out cleaning as a form of inspection (Osada, 1993).

Figure 2.5.: Shine – Seiso

Table 3. Shine –Seiso

Meaning Methods Benefits

This means removing dirt, • Divide the total area in Your work place becomes
strain, filth, soot and dust zones and allocate free of dirt and stains which
from the work area. responsibility for cleaning for is the starting point for
each zone. quality.
This includes cleaning an
care for equipment and • Decide on cleaning points, Your equipment lifespan will
facilities and also inspecting order of cleaning, type of be prolonged and
them for abnormalities. In a cleaning, cleaning aid breakdowns will be less.
way it also includes primary required, etc.
maintenance of equipment. Creates a pleasant
• Display cleaning schedule. environment.
Note: Cleaning is not
polishing, etc., to make the • During cleaning look for Prevents accidents.
piece of equipment more defective conditions (loose
beautiful – it looks after its bolts, vibrations, excessive
condition and fitness for use. sound, high temperature,
fallen tools, etc.) and solve
the problem.

• Allocate space for storage

of cleaning aids and
consumables for cleaning.
2.4.4. STANDARDIZE – SEIKETSU

This aspect of the 5S focuses on standardization, making the first three S’s, Seiri, Seiton, and
Seiso a constant routine. The emphasis here is on visual management, an important aspect to
attain and maintain standardized conditions to enable the individuals always act quickly
(Osada, 1993).

Figure 2.6: Standardize – Seiketsu

Table 4: Standardize – Sieketsu

Meaning Methods Benefits

This call for systematizing • Document procedures and Your activities will be
the above 4S practices. This guidelines for sorting, set in simplified.
means ensuring that whatever order and shine.
cleanliness and orderliness is You will have consistency in
achieved should be • Make a checklist for each the work practices.
maintained. section and train your people
in using them You will avoid mistakes.
This requires that you should
develop a work structure that • Carry out periodic With better visual and
will support the new evaluation by using the transparency management
practices and turn them into above check list. work efficiency will
habits. The purpose of improve.
standardization is to make • Use visual management to
sure that everyone in the act quickly, for example
company follows the same putting/using:
procedure, the same names of
items, the same size of − Open and shut directional
signalization/floor marking, labels on switches, etc.

shapes, colours, etc. − Temperature and safety

Standardize also helps to do labels
the right thing the right way
every time. − Zone labels on measuring
metres (normal zone, danger
zone, etc.)

− OK or hold marks on
product.

− Put transparency control

− Make transparent covers of

drawers.

− Put inspection windows in

the metal covers.

− Use location maps with

emergency exits, fire fighting
equipment, etc
2.4.5. SUSTAIN – SHITSUKE

Shitsuke places emphasis on being able to forge a workplace with good habits and discipline.
Demonstrating to others what needs to be done and encouraging practice amongst them. This
is mainly a management responsibility.

Figure 2.7. Sustain – Shitsuke

Table 5. Sustain –Shitsuke

Meaning Methods Benefits

Sustain also means • Create awareness and Promotes habit for
‘Discipline’. It denotes your publicize the system. For complying with workplace
commitment to maintain example develop 5S News, rules and procedures.
orderliness and to practice 5S Posters, 5S Slogans, 5S
first 3S as a way of life. This Day, etc. Creates healthy atmosphere
also requires that your and a good work place.
employees show positive • Create a structure of how
interest and overcome and when 5S activities will Helps you to develop team
resistance to change. be implemented. work.

• Formulate guidelines for Provides you with data for

audit/evaluation of 5S improving 5S.
implementation.

• Provide management
support by providing
resources and leadership.

• Reward and recognize best

performers
Figure 2.8. Sustain – Shitsuke
2.5. WHAT IS MANAGEMENT’S ROLE IN IMPLEMENTING 5S?

It is important to note that the implementation of 5S concerns and benefits everyone in the
organisation. Like any other initiative, management has the important role to facilitate and
support the process by:

❖
Acknowledging the importance of 5S for the organization;

❖
Allowing employees time for 5S;

❖
Providing resources and infrastructure for 5S implementation;

❖
Personal involvement in implementation of 5S;

❖
Creating tangible and intangible rewards and recognition for improvements and

❖
Promoting ongoing 5S efforts.
Figure 2.9. Before and after 5S
2.6. ADDITIONAL GUIDELINES FOR IMPLEMENTING 5S

The methods of implementing each of the 5S have been indicated in the tables above. An ITC
diagnostic tool is included in Annex I to enable you to assess and score the implementation of
your 5S. It would be advisable to start the implementation with one selected area in the
organisation and then after getting positive results to extend gradually to other areas.
However for effective implementation, it would be important to:

❖
Sensitize management and all employees concerned about the importance and benefits
of 5S and get their commitment;

❖
Conduct a status audit with photographs ‘as is state’. The diagnostic tool given in
the appendix may be used;

❖
Measure throughput, time in materials handling, floor space, flow distance, rack
storage, engineering cycle times, annual physical inventory time, and defect ratios
before and after the 5S implementation;

❖
Develop an implementation plan, with clear responsibilities and deadlines, in
consultation with management and all employees concerned;

❖
Implement the 5 S plan;

❖
Take photographs after the implementation and assess the difference;

❖
Share the experience and extend the implementation to other areas;

❖
Conduct periodic 5S Internal Audits with ratings to monitor progress. Several
companies have introduced annual 5S awards where efforts of work teams are
recognized and rewarded;
 CHAPTER 3

CONCLUSION

The 5S methodology is a well recognized methodology used by the Japanese for improving
the work environment. The 5S process provides a frame work by which to accomplish a more
efficient work area. It was found to be a key to quality and productivity. By following the 5S
protocol implementing it throughout the company in section and empowering the employees
to make suggestion and take action, the 5S has been a success. The 5S practice helps everyone
in the organization to live a better life.
MINI PROJECT REPORT
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The report has been returned as a requirement to complete mini project. The topic of the mini
project is Electrical Maintenance at Govt. Ayurvedic Dispensary Ambalavayal. This mini
project aims on replacing, fitting and repairing electrical conduits in the dispensary.

Wiring is a network to connect electricity to the load. It contains controlling devices such as
main switch, distribution board etc.., safety devices such as fuses, breakers etc., such elements
would damage any time.

While doing this mini project we followed the “5s” methodology (SORT, SET IN ORDER,
SHINE, STANDARDIZATION, SUSTAIN).
CHAPTER 2
WORK AT A GLANCE

❖
Checked the continuity of electrical supply.

❖
Checked the functioning of electrical equipments.

❖
Extended the wiring to the new block of the building.

❖
Replaced the main switch with a new one.

❖
Added a plug point and added a point for tube light. Also MCB is provided for better
protection of devices.

❖
Checked the working of protective devices.
2.1. CONTINUITY TESTING

Continuity testing measures the resistance between two points in ohms. Low resistance means
that the circuit is closed and there is electrical continuity. High resistance means that the circuit
is open and continuity is lacking .Continuity testing can also help determine if two points are
connected that should not be. Infield applications, hand held multi meters with dual probes are
used

2.2. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT TESTING

Most electrical equipment at the GOVERNMENT AYURVEDIC DISPENSARY,

AMBALAVAYAL must be tested. This reduces the risk to people using the equipment. As a
board of trustees, testing electrical equipment is part of your legal obligations.

Must test:
❖
All equipment that’s designed to be plugged into the low voltage power supply

❖
Portable outlet devices or power boards

❖
Flexible cords that are connected to equipment in high-risk environments, like laboratories

❖
Portable transformers

❖
Battery chargers

❖
Portable heavy-duty tools

❖
Residual current devices
We need equipment to do a thorough test. Portable appliance testers are ideal for this and they
can be purchased or hired. The simpler versions work by plugging the appliance into the tester,
and green or red light shows if it passes or fails.
2.3. EXTENSION OF WIRING

It include the addition of plug points, lamps etc to an existing wiring system, for this work
extra conduit is needed .The wire is connected to the equipments and supply. The all
wiring installation must obey the rule of IEE.

2.4. REPLACEMENT OF MAIN SWITCH

The main switch at the workplace was old one and defective one that means the fuse units
in the main switch were broken and are not useful for further applications. So we decided to
change it. We brought a new main switch unit and replaced the old one.
2.5. ADDITION OF PLUG POINTS AND MCB INSTALLATION

We added a plug point at the GOVERNMENT AYURVEDIC DISPENSARY and an

indicator with it. Also a point for a tube light provided with the switch board which contains
the plug point and indicator. A Miniature Circuit Breaker also provided near the main
switch unit for better protection of the electrical circuit.

2.6. PROTECTION TESTING

Protection systems play a key role for the safe and reliable operation of today’s electricity
power systems. Properly working protection devices help to maintain the safety of the system
and to safeguard assets from damage. In order to ensure reliable operation, protective relays as
well as recloser controls must be tested throughout their life-cycle, from their initial
development through production and commissioning to periodical maintenance during
operation.

Our test equipment is ideal for each of these life-cycle phases and for any environment. As a
reliable long-term partner, we offer state-of-the-art testing solutions which are continuously
being developed and maintained to help you to keep pace with the increasingly complex
requirements of your systems.
CHAPTER 3
MATERIALS USED FOR WIRING

3.1. PVC CONDUIT PIPES AND FITTINGS

3.1.1. CONDUIT

PVC pipe is a tubular section, or hollow cylinder, made of plastic. It is usually, but not
necessarily, of circular cross-section, used mainly to convey substances which can flow—
liquids and gases (fluids), slurries, powders and masses of small solids. It can also be used for
structural applications; hollow pipes are far stiffer per unit weight than solid members.

An electrical conduit is a tube used to protect and route electrical wiring in a building or
structure. Electrical conduit may be made of metal, plastic, fibre, or fired clay. Most conduits
are rigid, but flexible conduit is used for some purposes.

Conduit is generally installed by electricians at the site of installation of electrical equipment.

Its use, form, and installation details are often specified by wiring regulations, such as the US
National Electrical Code (NEC) and other building codes.

Fig. 4.1. Conduits

3.1.2. BEND FITTINGS

To turn the direction of the PVC pipe bend fittings are commonly used in wiring systems .It is
also made up of PVC. Therefore it is less costly. These should never be sharp. The minimum
radius of curvature allowable is 2 times the outside diameter of conduit.

Figure 4.2. Bends

3.2. SWITCHES AND SOCKET

3.2.1. SWITCHES

In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can "make" or "break" an

electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another .The
mechanism of a switch removes or restores the conducting path in a circuit when it is operated.
It may be operated manually, for example, a light switch or a keyboard button, may be operated
by a moving object such as a door, or may be operated by some sensing element for pressure,
temperature or flow. A switch will have one or more sets of contacts, which may operate
simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately. Switches in high-powered circuits must operate
rapidly to prevent destructive arcing, and may include special features to assist in rapidly
interrupting a heavy current. Multiple forms of actuators are used for operation by hand or to
sense position, level, temperature or flow. Special types are used, for example, for control of
machinery, to reverse electric motors, or to sense liquid level. Many specialized forms exist. A
common use is control of lighting, where multiple switches may be wired into one circuit to
allow convenient control of light fixtures.

Fig. 4.3. Switches

3.2.2. PLUGS

AC power plugs and sockets are devices that allow electrically operated equipment to be
connected to the primary alternating current (AC) power supply in a building. Electrical plugs
and sockets differ in voltage and current rating, shape, size and type of connectors. The types
used in each country are set by national standards, some of which are listed in the IEC technical
report TR 60083, Plugs and socket-outlets for domestic and similar general use standardized
in member countries of IEC. The scope of IEC TR 60083 states:

"The report only contains systems for which standard sheets have been published in a National
Standard, which may be a National Standard of the country itself or any other IEC member
country".

Fig. 4.4. Plug

3.3. LAMP HOLDER

Light bulb sockets, light sockets lamp sockets or lamp holders provide electrical connections
to the lamps and support it in the lighting fixture. The use of sockets allows lamps to be safely
and conveniently replaced (re-lamping). There are many different standards for these lamp
holders, created by various standards bodies

A general coding system is a letter or abbreviation followed by a number. Some miniature

lamps have wire leads suitable for direct connection to wires; some reflector lamps have screw
terminals for wire connections.

Fig. 4.5. Lamp holder

3.4. WIRES AND CABLES

Electrical wires are usually covered with insulating materials, such as plastic, rubber-like
polymers, or varnish. Insulating and jacketing of wires and cables is nowadays done by passing
them through an extruder. Formerly, materials used for insulation included treated cloth or
paper and various oil-based products. Since the mid-1960s, plastic and polymers exhibiting
properties similar to rubber have predominated.

Fig. 4.6. Wires and cables

Two or more wires may be wrapped concentrically, separated by insulation, to form coaxial
cable. The wire or cable may be further protected with substances like paraffin, some kind of
preservative compound, bitumen, lead, aluminium sheathing, or steel taping. Stranding or
covering machines wind material onto wire which passes through quickly. Some of the smallest
machines for cotton covering have a large drum, which grips the wire and moves it through
toothed gears; the wire passes through the centre of disks mounted above a long bed, and the
disks carry each a number of bobbins varying from six to twelve or more in different machines.
A supply of covering material is wound on each bobbin, and the end is led on to the wire, which
occupies a central position relatively to the bobbins; the latter being revolved at a suitable speed
bodily with their disks, the cotton is consequently served on to the wire, winding in spiral
fashion so as to overlap. If a large number of strands are required the disks
are duplicated, so that as many as sixty spools may be carried, the second set of strands being
laid over the firs

3.5. MAIN SWITCH BOARD

As per Indian Electricity Rule 50 a suitable linked switch (a switch operating simultaneously
on phase or line and neutral wires) is to be provided immediately after the meter board. This
rule also stipulates that a suitable cut out must be provided just after the linked switch to protect
the circuit against excessive current. The linked main switch and fuse unit may be provided as
one unit or as separate units.

Switch fuse is a combined unit and is known as iron clad switch, being made of iron. It may
be double pole for controlling single phase two wire circuits or triple pole for controlling three
phase, three wire circuits or triple pole with neutral link for controlling three phase, four wire
circuits. The respective switches are known as double pole iron clad (DPIC), triple pole iron
clad (TPIC), and triple pole with neutral link iron clad (TPNIC) switches.

Fig. 4.7. Main switch

3.6. MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (M C B)

It is a device that provides definite protection to the wiring installations and sophisticated
equipment against over currents and short circuit faults. Thermal operation (over load
protection) is achieved with a bimetallic strip, which deflects when heated by any over currents
flowing through it. In doing so, releases the latch mechanism and causes the contacts open.
Inverse time current characteristics results, that is; greater the over load or excessive current,
shorter the time required to operate the MCB. On the occurrence of a short circuit, the rising
current energises the solenoid, operating the plunger to strike the trip the level causing
immediate release of the latch mechanism. Rapidity of the magnetic solenoid operation causes
instantaneous opening of contacts

Fig.4.8.Miniature Circuit Breaker

3.7. CO BOX

It is use to turn the direction of 1 or more pipes into different directions.

Fig.4.9. co box
CHAPTER 4
PHOTOS OF THE WORK
CHAPTER 5
ESTIMATION DETAILS
CHAPTER 6
MINI PROJECT DIARY

The mini project at GOVERNMENT AYURVEDIC DISPENSARY

AMBALAVAYAL had successfully completed by the 7th group of second year
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING students. Our group includes 5
members. We had reached the Office at 10 am on 14th February. As a first step of our mini
project, the letter from our college had submitted to the respected MEDICAL OFFICER. The
maintenance works are started on 14th morning at 10 am. Initially all the workers had reached
at the office room and estimated the required wiring equipments. We purchased the materials
required for the wiring as per the estimation. We started our work by replacing the main switch
with a new one. Then we added extra connection to the new rooms in the dispensary. In the
new rooms we added a plug point with an indicator and also a point for a tube light.

Next work had proceeded on 16th February. The work was conducted in the main
hall and kitchen. At the main hall, we had replaced the old ceiling rose of fan with a new one
and also replaced the bulb holder. At the kitchen we replaced the bulb holder and then
confirmed all the electrical work carried out were perfect. We had finished all our maintenance
works within two days of work and successfully completed our mini project.
CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

This project was a big experience to us. The 5 stars group including me had really enjoyed this
work from beginning to the end. We were very happy to complete the project successfully. The
whole team member becomes very active and engaged during the work with one mind. We
could attain this achievement may be because of our unity. Many struggles had been faced
during our work. Anyhow we become able to overcome it. Through this project we understand
more valuable information about maintenance of wiring and art of using 5S in it. The
Government Ayurvedic Dispensary employees had informed their gratitude to us for our
fabulous contribution.