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    Exit Point Angle

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    naiyar alam
    The document discusses methods for determining the exit point and effective angle of an ultrasonic beam used for non-destructive testing. It describes using known reflectors on calibration blocks to locate the exit point and maximize signals to determine the refracted beam angle in steel. A more accurate method uses the maximum reflection signal from a small side-drilled hole in a reference block at a known depth to calculate the refracted angle through trigonometry. The document also provides a table of effective beam angles in various common materials.

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    Exit Point Angle

    Uploaded by

    naiyar alam
    278 views1 page
    The document discusses methods for determining the exit point and effective angle of an ultrasonic beam used for non-destructive testing. It describes using known reflectors on calibration blocks to locate the exit point and maximize signals to determine the refracted beam angle in steel. A more accurate method uses the maximum reflection signal from a small side-drilled hole in a reference block at a known depth to calculate the refracted angle through trigonometry. The document also provides a table of effective beam angles in various common materials.

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    The document discusses methods for determining the exit point and effective angle of an ultrasonic beam used for non-destructive testing. It describes using known reflectors on calibration blocks to locate the exit point and maximize signals to determine the refracted beam angle in steel. A more accurate method uses the maximum reflection signal from a small side-drilled hole in a reference block at a known depth to calculate the refracted angle through trigonometry. The document also provides a table of effective beam angles in various common materials.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    278 views1 page

    Exit Point Angle

    Uploaded by

    naiyar alam
    The document discusses methods for determining the exit point and effective angle of an ultrasonic beam used for non-destructive testing. It describes using known reflectors on calibration blocks to locate the exit point and maximize signals to determine the refracted beam angle in steel. A more accurate method uses the maximum reflection signal from a small side-drilled hole in a reference block at a known depth to calculate the refracted angle through trigonometry. The document also provides a table of effective beam angles in various common materials.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Beam exit point and effective angle :

    Exit point is the location which marks the entry of the central
    ray of the ultrasonic beam into the test specimen. A smaller
    discontinuity produces maximum indication, when it is on this
    central ray of the beam. Hence, the exact angle of the axis of
    the beam can be determined by triangulation after maximizing
    signals from known small reflectors. During angle probe
    examination, the probe is moved backward and forward to hit
    the discontinuity with the axis of the beam so that the location
    of the reflector can be determined. All measurements for flaw
    location utilize the exit point.
    To locate the exit point, move the angle probe over the scale
    marked on the IIW - V1 block to obtain the maximum signal
    from the 100 mm radius curved surface. Mark the point on the
    probe body which coincides with the central line of the scale
    marked on the face of the block. This is the exit point of the
    axis of the ultrasonic beam.
    This check can be performed on the V2 calibration block
    also. The 50 mm radius side should be used to avoid near
    zone effect.
    Refracted beam angle :
    Place the exit point of the angle probe in the approximate
    position of the angle marked on the face of the IIW - V1
    calibration block, that corresponds to the nominal angle marked
    on the probe faceplate. Move the probe to maximize the signal
    obtained from the reflector hole. Correlate the exit point to the
    corresponding angle marked on the calibration block to
    determine the angle of refraction of the ultrasonic beam axis,
    i. e. the exit point of a 600 probe should be on the 600 mark
    when the signal becomes maximum. The angle thus obtained is
    valid for steel only.
    Angle can be determined with the V2 block also.
    Accurate method :
    Refracted angle of the axis of the beam can be accurately
    determined by analyzing the maximum reflection signal obtained
    from a small diameter side drilled hole at known depth in a
    reference calibration block. Smaller hole size at higher depth
    provides better accuracy. For deep holes, the maximum signal
    should be carefully detected.
    Refracted Beam angle  is calculated as,
    Cos inverse [ hole depth / ( beam path + hole radius )]

    Effective beam angle in other materials:


    Material Velocity Effective
    mtrs/sec angles
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    4340 Steel 3240 45 60 70
    347,Aust Stainless 3090 42 56 64
    Aluminum 3130 43.5 57 65
    Inconel 3020 41 54 61
    Titanium, 105A 3120 43 57 65

    Hole depth up to center = 30mm


    Beam path up to hole center = 56 + 0.75
    or 56.75 mm.
    [ Radius of hole, 0.75mm added to beam path ]
    Probe angle  = Inv Cosine [ 30 / 56.75 ]
    = Inv Cosine 0.5286 or 580

    K. Chatterjee, 75643 Center for NDT P 00 Rv 02 Self study material.

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