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    Lesson 17 History of The Earth

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    Marjorie Brondo
    1. The document outlines the major evolutionary events and extinctions in Earth's history from 4.6 billion years ago to the present. It describes the emergence of life starting 3.85 billion years ago and the diversification of life forms over time, including the colonization of land. 2. Several mass extinction events are noted, including the end-Permian extinction where 90% of species went extinct 250 million years ago. 3. The four eons of Earth's history - Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic - are summarized along with the major eras within the Phanerozoic eon like the Paleozoic, Mesozo

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    Lesson 17 History of The Earth

    Uploaded by

    Marjorie Brondo
    284 views2 pages
    1. The document outlines the major evolutionary events and extinctions in Earth's history from 4.6 billion years ago to the present. It describes the emergence of life starting 3.85 billion years ago and the diversification of life forms over time, including the colonization of land. 2. Several mass extinction events are noted, including the end-Permian extinction where 90% of species went extinct 250 million years ago. 3. The four eons of Earth's history - Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic - are summarized along with the major eras within the Phanerozoic eon like the Paleozoic, Mesozo

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    EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

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    Lesson 17 History of the Earth

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    1. The document outlines the major evolutionary events and extinctions in Earth's history from 4.6 billion years ago to the present. It describes the emergence of life starting 3.85 billion years ago and the diversification of life forms over time, including the colonization of land. 2. Several mass extinction events are noted, including the end-Permian extinction where 90% of species went extinct 250 million years ago. 3. The four eons of Earth's history - Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic - are summarized along with the major eras within the Phanerozoic eon like the Paleozoic, Mesozo

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    284 views2 pages

    Lesson 17 History of The Earth

    Uploaded by

    Marjorie Brondo
    1. The document outlines the major evolutionary events and extinctions in Earth's history from 4.6 billion years ago to the present. It describes the emergence of life starting 3.85 billion years ago and the diversification of life forms over time, including the colonization of land. 2. Several mass extinction events are noted, including the end-Permian extinction where 90% of species went extinct 250 million years ago. 3. The four eons of Earth's history - Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic - are summarized along with the major eras within the Phanerozoic eon like the Paleozoic, Mesozo

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    Lesson 17: History of the Earth

    Evolutionary events (Light Blue):


    a. First evidence of life (3,850 ma) The Precambrian or Cryptozoic Era (4.6 Ga – 540 Ma)
    b. Photosynthesizing bacteria (3,700 ma) a. Represents 80% of Earth’s history
    c. Oldest fossils (3,500 ma) b. Eon of “Hidden Life” – fossil record obscure. Ask the
    d. First Eukaryotes (2,700 ma) students why there is very little record of life
    e. Ediacaran Fauna (600 ma) during the Precambrain
    f. The Cambrian Explosion (530 ma) Hadean Eon (4.56 -3.8 Ga)
    g. First land plants and fish (480 ma) a. From “Haedes” Greek god of the underworld
    h. Arthropods on land (420 ma) b. Chaotic time, lots of meteorite bombardment
    i. First insects (407 ma) c. Atmosphere reducing (Methane, Ammonia, CO2)
    j. First amphibians land vertebrates (375 ma) d. Start of the hydrologic cycle and the formation of the
    k. First dinosaurs (220 mya) world oceans
    l. Early mammals (220 mya) e. Life emerged in this “hostile” environment
    m. First birds (150 ma) Archean Eon (3.8 – 2.5 Ga)
    n. First flowering plants (130 ma) a. Anaerobic (lack of oxygen)
    o. Early Primates 60 ma b. No Ozone
    p. First hominids (5.2 ma) c. Photosynthetic prokaryotes (blue green algae)
    q. Modern humans (0.2 ma) emerged and started releasing oxygen to the
    Extinctions (Red): atmosphere
    a. End Ordovician – 25% of marine vertebrates families d. Life forms still limited to single celled organisms without
    and 57% of genera became extinct (443 ma) a nucleus (prokaryotes) until 2.7 Ga when
    b. Devonian – 50 -55% of marine invertebrate genera and Eukaryotes emerged.
    70-80 % of species go extinct (364 ma) Proterozoic Eon (2.5 Ga to 540 Ma)
    c. Permian – greatest extinction event; 90% of all species a. Oxygen level reaches ~ 3% of the atmosphere
    became extinct (250 ma) b. Rise of multicellular organisms represented by the
    d. End Cretaceous – extinction of the Dinosaurs; 60-80% Vendian Fauna
    of all species became extinct (65 ma) c. Formation of the protective Ozone Layer
    e. Late Pleistocene – nearly all large mammals and birds Phanerozoic Eon (540 Ma to Present)
    (>45 pounds) became extinct (.01 ma) a. Eon of “visible life”
    Geologic Events (Yellow): b. Diversification of life. Many life forms represented in
    a. Formation of the great oceans (4,200 ma) the fossil record
    b. Oxygen Levels reach 3% of the Atmosphere (1.9 ma) c. Life forms with preservable hard parts
    c. Protective Ozone in place (600 ma) Paleozoic Era (540 – 245)
    d. Gondwana forms (500 ma) d. Age of “Ancient Life”
    e. Oxygen nears present day concentration (400 ma) e. Rapid diversification of life as represented by the
    f. Formation of Pangaea supercontinent (280 ma) Cambrian Fauna (Cambrian Explosion)
    g. Pangaea supercontinent breaks up (200 ma) f. Dominance of marine invertebrates
    h. Continents near present-day positions (40 ma) g. Plants colonize land by 480 ma
    i. Initiation of Seafloor Spreading of South China Sea (32 h. Animals colonize land by 450 ma
    ma) i. Oxygen level in the Atmosphere approaches present
    j. Initiation of the Philippine Fault (4 ma) day concentration
    k. Global ice ages begin (2 Ma) j. Massive Extinction at the end (End of Permian
    Extinction)
    Mesozoic Era (245 – 65 Ma)
    a. Age of Reptiles
    b. Dominance of reptiles and dinosaurs
    c. Pangea starts to break-apart by 200 ma
    d. Early mammals (220 mya)!
    e. First birds (150 ma)!
    f. First flowering plants (130 ma)!
    g. Mass Extinction at the end of the Cretaceous (65 ma)
    Cenozoic Era (65 ma to present)
    a. Age of Mammals
    b. Radiation of modern birds
    c. Early Primates 60 ma!
    d. Continents near present-day positions (40 ma)!
    e. First hominids (5.2 ma)
    f. Modern humans (0.2 ma)
    g. Global ice ages begin (2 Ma)!

    • There had been many (>>5) mass


    extinction events in Earth’s history. Mass
    extinction is a rule rather than the
    exception. Mammals would not have
    become dominant if the dinosaurs did
    not become extinct!
    • Speculated cause for mass extinction
    events include: meteor/bolide impact,
    large scale volcanism, and climate
    change. Some of these may have act in
    concert with each other.
    • the interaction among the
    components of the Earth System in the
    evolution of the Atmosphere and
    Hydrosphere
    • The biosphere “infected” the
    atmosphere with O2 through
    photosynthesis
    • Pangea is not the only supercontinent
    that existed in the past. Continents have
    broken apart and re-assembled several
    times in the past.
    • Climate over the last 2 million years have
    oscillated between Ice Age (Glacial
    Periods) and Non Ice Age (Interglacial
    Periods). The Earth is currently in the tail
    end of an interglacial period.

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