Chapter 12: Vectors and The Geometry of Space

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Chapter 12: Vectors and the Geometry of Space

Distance between two points: | | √( ) ( ) ( )

Equation of a sphere: ( ) ( ) ( )

Magnitude/length of a vector: | ⃑| √

⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑ ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
Unit vector: 〈| | | |

Dot product: ⃑ ⃑⃑

Perpendicular: ⃑ ⃑⃑

Acute: ⃑ ⃑⃑

Obtuse: ⃑ ⃑⃑

⃑⃑ ⃑⃑
*Dot product and angles: ⃑ ⃑⃑ | ⃑|| ⃑⃑ | ; | ⃑⃑|| ⃑⃑|

⃑⃑ ⃑⃑
Scalar projection: | ⃑⃑
⃑⃑| | || ⃑⃑|; ⃑⃑
⃑⃑
| ⃑⃑|

⃑⃑ ⃑⃑ ⃑⃑
*Vector projection: ⃑⃑
⃑⃑ | ⃑⃑| | ⃑⃑|; ⃑⃑
⃑⃑ ( ⃑)
| ⃑⃑|

⃑ ⃑ ⃑⃑
Cross product: ⃑ ⃑⃑ ⃑ 〈 〉 [ ] * +⃑ * +⃑ * + ⃑⃑

Parallel: ⃑ ⃑⃑ (or | ⃑ ⃑⃑ | )

Perpendicular: ⃑ ⃑⃑ ⃑ ⃑⃑

*Area of a parallelogram: |⃑ ⃑⃑| | ⃑|| ⃑⃑|

Scalar triple product/Volume of a parallelepiped: ⃑ (⃑ ⃑⃑) | ( )|

[ ] [ ] [ ]

Coplanar: ⃑ ( ⃑ ⃑⃑)

Parametric equations of a line: , where ⃑ 〈 〉 and ⃑

Symmetric equation of a line: , where ⃑ 〈 〉 and ⃑

Equation of a plane: , where ⃑⃑ 〈 〉 and ⃑⃑

Vector equation: ⃑ (⃑ ⃑)⃑ (⃑ ⃑) ⃑ (⃑ ⃑) ⃑⃑ ( ) ( )

⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑ ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
Angle between two planes: |⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑||⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑|

| ⃑⃑ ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑|
*Distance from a plane to a point: | ⃑⃑|
Chapters 13 and 14: Vectors, the Geometry of Space, and Vector Functions

Arc Length: ∫ | ⃑ ( )| ∫ √( ) ( ) ( )

Equation of a Tangent Plane: ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )

Linear approximation: ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )

Differential

Of two variables: ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )

Of three variables:

Chain rule:

Two variables:

Three variables:

Gradient:

Two variables: ( ) 〈 〉

Three variables: ( ) 〈 〉

Directional Derivative:

( ) ( )
Two variables: ⃑⃑ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⃑⃑

Three variables: ⃑⃑ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⃑⃑

Maximum rate of change: | ( )|

( )
Direction: | ( )|

Equation of a tangent line: ( )( ) ( )( ) 0

Equation of a tangent plane: ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )

Second Derivative Test: ( )

Local minimum:

Local Maximum:
Saddle Point:

Epic fail:

Chapter 15: Multiple Integrals

Lagrange Multipliers: ( ) ( )

( ) ( )
{ ( ) ( )
( )

Fubini’s Theorem: ∬ ( ) ∫ ∫ ( ) ∫ ∫ ( ) ∫ ( ) ∫ ( )

Double integrals over funky regions

( )
Type 1: ( ) ( )∫ ∫ ( )
( )

( )
Type 2: ( ) ( ) ∫ ∫ ( )
( )

Area of a region: ∬ ∫ ( ) ( )

∬ ( ) ∬ ( )
Average value of double integral:

Polar coordinates:

Polar double integral: ∬ ( ) ∫ ∫ ( )

Area of polar region: ∬ ∬ ∫

Total mass: ∬ ( )

∬ ( ) ∬ ( )
Center of Mass/Centroid: ( ̅ ̅) ( )
∬ ( ) ∬ ( )

∬ ∬ ∬ ∬
If ( ) : ( ̅ ̅) ( ) ( ) ( )
∬ ∬

Chapter 16: Vector Calculus

Line integral: ∫ ( ) ∫ ( ( ) ( ))√ ( ) ( ) ∫ ⃑ ⃑ ∫ 〈 ( ) ( )〉 〈 ( ) ( )〉

*Arc length: ∫ ∫ √ ( ) ( )

√( ( )) ( ( ))

Density and Line integrals

Total mass: ∫ ( )
∫ ( ) ∫ ( )
Center of Mass/Centroid: ( ̅ ̅) ( )
∫ ( ) ∫ ( )

∫ ∫ ∫ ∫
If ( ) : ( ̅ ̅) ( ) ( )
∫ √ ( ) ( ) ∫ √ ( ) ( )

Fundamental Theorem for Line Integrals: ∫ ⃑ ⃑ ∫ ⃑ ( ( )) ( ( )) ( ) ( )

In terms of dx: ∫ ( ) ∫ ( ( ) ( )) ( )

When ( ) : ∫ ∫ ( ) ( ) ( )

In terms of dy: ∫ ( ) ∫ ( ( ) ( )) ( )

When ( ) : ∫ ∫ ( ) ( ) ( )

Distribution-like thing: ∫ ( ) ( ) ∫ ( ) ∫ ( )

*Green’s Theorem: ∫ ⃑ ⃑ ∫ ∬ ( )

Area: ∫ ( ) ∫ ( ) ∫

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