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    2012 Appendix C: Hydrogen Quality

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    Mabrur Zanata
    This document summarizes the hydrogen fuel quality specification for fuel cell vehicles. It includes a table that lists the acceptable limits of various chemical constituents in hydrogen fuel, including water, total hydrocarbons, oxygen, nitrogen, and particulate concentration. The specification aims to ensure fuel contaminants do not negatively impact fuel cell performance or durability. Standardized test methods are being developed and validated to sample and analyze contaminant levels. Further research may lead to revised limits as fuel cell tolerance and storage options improve.

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    2012 Appendix C: Hydrogen Quality

    Uploaded by

    Mabrur Zanata
    87 views3 pages
    This document summarizes the hydrogen fuel quality specification for fuel cell vehicles. It includes a table that lists the acceptable limits of various chemical constituents in hydrogen fuel, including water, total hydrocarbons, oxygen, nitrogen, and particulate concentration. The specification aims to ensure fuel contaminants do not negatively impact fuel cell performance or durability. Standardized test methods are being developed and validated to sample and analyze contaminant levels. Further research may lead to revised limits as fuel cell tolerance and storage options improve.

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    Hydrogen Quality

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    This document summarizes the hydrogen fuel quality specification for fuel cell vehicles. It includes a table that lists the acceptable limits of various chemical constituents in hydrogen fuel, including water, total hydrocarbons, oxygen, nitrogen, and particulate concentration. The specification aims to ensure fuel contaminants do not negatively impact fuel cell performance or durability. Standardized test methods are being developed and validated to sample and analyze contaminant levels. Further research may lead to revised limits as fuel cell tolerance and storage options improve.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    87 views3 pages

    2012 Appendix C: Hydrogen Quality

    Uploaded by

    Mabrur Zanata
    This document summarizes the hydrogen fuel quality specification for fuel cell vehicles. It includes a table that lists the acceptable limits of various chemical constituents in hydrogen fuel, including water, total hydrocarbons, oxygen, nitrogen, and particulate concentration. The specification aims to ensure fuel contaminants do not negatively impact fuel cell performance or durability. Standardized test methods are being developed and validated to sample and analyze contaminant levels. Further research may lead to revised limits as fuel cell tolerance and storage options improve.

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    2012

    Appendix C: Hydrogen Quality

    Appendix C – Hydrogen Quality


    The hydrogen fuel quality specification in Table C.1 below is based on the SAE International
    Surface Vehicle Standard SAE-2719 - Hydrogen Fuel Quality Guideline for Fuel Cell Vehicles, June 2011.
    This specification has been harmonized to the extent possible with the draft international standard,
    ISO/DIS 14687-2, Hydrogen Fuel – Product Specification – Part 2: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell
    applications for road vehicles, recently approved by the International Organization for Standardization
    (ISO).
    The primary purpose of this specification is to ensure that the effects of possible fuel contaminants
    on fuel cell performance and durability in early commercial vehicles are acceptable. Modeling and
    analysis have shown that the impact on the cost of producing hydrogen fuel that complies with the
    specification is not significant. However, the costs of analyzing and verifying compliance with the
    specification are still under study. ASTM International has developed and is validating standardized
    methods to sample and analyze the presence of contaminants at the levels prescribed in the
    specification.
    Additional fuel quality RD&D, fuel cell testing, operational data from fuel cell vehicles,
    improvements in the impurity tolerance of fuel cells, and advanced material storage options that are
    likely to introduce or impose different impurities may lead to revisions of these limits. Fuel Cell and
    Hydrogen Program RD&D planning will address hydrogen quality issues as they relate to cost and
    performance goals for each technology area— production, delivery, storage, fuel cells, and safety,
    codes and standards. Those issues and RD&D activities specific to each of these areas will be
    included in those sections of the RD&D Plan.

    Multi-Year Research, Development and Demonstration Plan Page C - 1


    2012

    Appendix C: Hydrogen Quality

    Table C.1: Hydrogen Fuel Quality Specification

    Minimum
    Laboratory Test Methods to
    Chemical e Analytical
    Constituent Limits Consider
    Formula f Detection
    and Under Development
    Limit
    Hydrogen fuel index H2 >99.97%
    Total allowable non-
    hydrogen, non-helium, 100
    non-particulate µmol/mol
    constituent
    Acceptable limit of each individual constituent
    a 5 0.12
    Water H20 ASTM D7653-10, ASTM D7649-10
    µmol/mol µmol/mol
    b
    Total hydrocarbons 2 0.1
    (C 1 basis) µmol/mol ASTM D7675-11 µmol/mol
    5 1
    Oxygen O2 ASTM D7649-10
    µmol/mol µmol/mol
    300 100
    Helium He ASTM D1945-03
    µmol/mol µmol/mol
    100 5
    Nitrogen, Argon N 2 , Ar ASTM D7649-10
    µmol/mol µmol/mol
    2 0.1
    Carbon dioxide CO 2 ASTM D7649-10, ASTM D7653-10
    µmol/mol µmol/mol
    0.2 0.01
    Carbon monoxide CO ASTM D7653-10
    µmol/mol µmol/mol
    c 0.004 0.00002
    Total sulfur ASTM D7652-11
    µmol/mol µmol/mol
    0.01 0.01
    Formaldehyde HCHO ASTM D7653-10
    µmol/mol µmol/mol
    0.2 0.02
    Formic acid HCOOH ASTM D7550-09 , ASTM D7653-10
    µmol/mol µmol/mol
    0.1 0.02
    Ammonia NH 3 ASTM D7653-10
    µmol/mol µmol/mol
    d 0.05 0.01
    Total halogenates ASTM WK23815, WK34574
    µmol/mol µmol/mol
    Particulate 1 0.005
    ASTM D7650-10, ASTM D7651-10
    Concentration mg/kg mg/kg

    a Due to water threshold level, the following constituents should not be found, however they should be tested for if
    there is a question on water content:
    Sodium (Na+) @ <0.05 µmole/mole H 2 or <0.05 µg/liter
    Potassium (K+) @ <0.05 µmole/mole H 2 or <0.08 µg/liter
    or Potassium hydroxide (KOH) @ <0.05 µmole/mole H 2 or <0.12 µg/liter
    b Includes, for example, ethylene, propylene, acetylene, benzene, phenol (paraffins, olefins, aromatic compounds,
    alcohols, aldehydes). THC may exceed 2 micromoles per mole due only to the presence of methane, in which case the
    summation of methane, nitrogen and argon is not to exceed 100 ppm.

    Page C - 2 Multi-Year Research, Development and Demonstration Plan


    2012

    Appendix C: Hydrogen Quality

    c Includes, for example, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) and mercaptans.
    d Includes, for example, hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine (Cl 2 ) and organic halides (R-X).
    e Limits are upper limits except for the hydrogen which is a lower limit. All limits are subject to revision
    after additional testing under operational conditions and improved standardized analytical procedures.
    f Gaseous sampling uses procedures in ASTM D7606-11

    Multi-Year Research, Development and Demonstration Plan Page C - 3

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