CRD c166 PDF

(Issued 1 Dec.
1992) Cl66
CRD-C 166-92
Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of

Elasticity of Concrete in Tension
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers determination of 3.1 Definitions:
chord modulus of elasticity (Young’s) for molded con- 3.1.1 chord modulus of elasticity - The slope
crete cylinders and diamond-drilled concrete cores of the chord drawn between any two specified points on
when under axial tensile stress. the stress-strain curve.
1.2 The values stated in non-SI units are to be 3.2 Other terms used in this method are defined
regarded as the standard. in ASTM C 125.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materi- 4. Significance and Use
als, operations, and equipment. This standard does not 4.1 This method provides a stress to strain ratio
purport to address all of the safety problems associated value for concrete tested in direct tension at whatever
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this age and curing conditions that may be designated from
standard to establish appropriate safety and health which modulus of elasticity can be calculated.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. 4.2 The modulus of elasticity values obtained will
2. Referenced Documents usually be less than moduli derived under rapid load
application (dynamic or seismic rates, for example), and
2.1 ASTM standards: will usually be greater than values under slow load ap-
C 31 Practice for Making and Curing Con- plication or extended load duration, other test conditions
crete Test Specimens in the Field (CRD-C 11) being the same.
C 39 Test Method for Compressive Strength 4.3 Limited data suggest that the modulus of elas-
of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens (CRD-C 14) ticity in tension may not be significantly different from
C 42 Method of Obtaining and Testing Drilled that in compression. The purpose of this method is to
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete (CRD-C 27) provide a standard test method for those who may de-
sire to investigate this property of concrete or mortar.
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and
Concrete Aggregates (CRD-C 43) 5. Apparatus
C 174 Test Method for Measuring Length of 5.1 The specimen caps and the load applying ap-
Drilled Concrete Cores (CRD-C 28) paratus shall conform to the requirements of CRD-C
164.
C 192 Method of Making and Curing Con-
crete Test Specimens in the Laboratory (CRD-C 10) 5.2 Strain Measuring System. The strain shall
C 469 Test Method for Static Modulus of be measured using devices recording to the nearest 5
Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compres- millionths. Such systems may include electrical resis-
sion (CRD-C 19) tance gages (Note 1), tensiometers, or optical devices.
The measuring device shall be such that the average of
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision at least two axial strain measurements can be deter-
and Bias in ASTM Test Methods (CRD-C 582) mined for each increment of load. Measuring positions
2.2 Corps of Engineers Standards shall be equally spaced around the circumference of the
specimen close to midheight. The gage length over
CRD-C 164 Test Method for Direct Tensile which the strains are determined shall be not less than
Strength of Cylindrical Concrete or Mortar Specimens three times the maximum size of the aggregate in the
concrete nor more than three-fourths the height of the
specimen. One suitable device is a tensiometer (such
C 166 (Issued 1 Dec. 1992)
2 CRD-C 166-92
as shown in Figure 1) that consists of two independent

yokes, each rigidly attached to the specimen. Support
rods shall be used to maintain a constant distance be-
tween the two yokes until testing is initiated. During
testing, the support rods shall be removed and the
change in distance between the two yokes measured at
two diametrically opposite gage lines. Deformation
may be measured to the nearest 5 millionths by two
linear variable differential transformers (LVDT).
Note 1. Although bonded strain gages are satis-
factory on dry specimens, they may be difficult, if not
impossible, to mount on specimens continually moist-
cured until tested.
6. Test Specimens
6.1 Test specimens shall be right circular cylin-
ders meeting the requirements of ASTM C 31, C 39,
C 42, or C 192.
6.1.1 Molded Cylindrical Specimens. Test
cylinders shall be molded in accordance with the re-
quirements for test specimens in ASTM Method C 192
or in Method C 31. Specimens shall be subjected to the
specified curing conditions and tested at the age for
which the information is desired. Specimens removed
from a moist room for test shall be kept moist by a wet
cloth covering during the interval between removal and
test. Figure 1. Suitable tensiometer
6.1.2 Drilled Core Specimens. Cores shall
comply with the requirements for drilling, and moisture
conditioning applicable to specimens in ASTM Method none. In any case, relate the moisture content of the
C 42, except that only diamond-drilled cores having a test specimen to the problem at hand and report the
length-to-diameter ratio of 2.0 to 2.5 shall be used. Re- content in accordance with 9.1.2.
quirements relative to storage and to ambient conditions 7. Procedure
immediately prior to test shall be the same as for
molded cylindrical specimens. 7.1 Prepare the test specimens as described in
CRD-C 164.
6.2 Determine the diameter of the test specimen
to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm) by averaging two 7.2 Place the specimen, with the strain-measuring
diameters measured at right angles to each other at system attached, in the testing machine making certain
about midlength of the specimen. Use this average di- that the load transfer system is properly aligned. Zero
ameter for calculating the cross-sectional area. Deter- the strain indicators.
mine the length of the test specimen to the nearest 0.01
7.3 Apply the tensile load continuously and with-
in. by averaging two height measurements along the
out shock as prescribed in CRD-C 164. Record, with-
diameter. out interruption of loading, the applied load and axial
6.3 The moisture condition of the specimen at the strain. Axial strain is defined as the total axial defor-
time of test can have a significant effect upon the in- mation divided by the effective gage length.
dicated properties of the concrete or mortar. Good 8. Calculation
practice generally dictates that laboratory tests be made
upon specimens representative of field conditions or 8.1 Calculate the modulus of elasticity to the near-
est 50,000 psi (345 MPa) as follows:
conditions expected under the operating environment.
However, consider also that there may be reasons for E = (S2 - S1 )/
testing specimens at other moisture contents, or with
(Issued 1 Dec. 1992) Cl66
CRD -C 166-92 3
where: 9.1.2 Physical description of specimen inclu-

ing type, dimension, moisture condition, and age,
E = chord modulus of elasticity, psi
S 2 = stress corresponding to 50 percent of ultimate 9.1.3 Date of testing,
load, psi 9.1.4 Type of strain measuring system used,
S 1 = stress corresponding to 10 percent of ultimate 9.15 Location and type of failure.
load, psi
9.1.6 Chord modulus of elasticity, and
= longitudinal strain produced by S2
9.1.7 Stress-strain curves.
= longitudinal strain produced by S1
10. Precision and Bias
8.2 The deformation shall be average measure- 10.1 Precision. The precision of this test method
ment from the two axial strain measurements.
has not been determined.
9. Report
10.2 Bias. Since there is no accepted reference
9.1 The report shall include the following: material suitable for determining the bias for this pro-
9.1.1 Specimen identification, cedure, bias has not been determined.

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(Issued 1 Dec.

Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of

as shown in Figure 1) that consists of two independent

where: 9.1.2 Physical description of specimen inclu-

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