7 STAR ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

AND ARTS FAISALABAD

Easy Notes Physics Ch #10 (Short or Long Question)

Q.1 Define SHM?

Ans : Simple Harmonic motion occurs when the net force is directly proportional to the displacement
from the mean position and is always directed towards mean position.

Q. 2 Write down the important features of SHM?

Ans :

i. A body executing SHM always vibrates about a fixed position.

ii. Its acceleration is always directed towards the mean position
iii. Its velocity is maximum at the mean position and zero at the extreme positions
iv. Acceleration will be zero at the mean position and maximum at the extreme position.
v. The magnitude of acceleration is always directly proportional to its displacement from the
mean position.

Q. 3 Define Hook’s Law?

Ans : According to Hook’s law “Force is directly proportional to the change in length “x” of the
spring .” Formula is 𝐹 ∝ 𝑥 and 𝐹 = −𝑘𝑥

Where x is the displacement of the mass from its mean position “O” and “K” is the spring constant.
and the negative sign show that the direction opposite to the mass which attached to a spring.

Q. 4 Define Spring constant?

𝐹
Ans: “Spring constant is the ratio exerted force “F” to the change in length of spring “x” ” 𝐾 = −
𝑥
unit of K is 𝑁𝑚−1

Q. 5 Define Restoring force?

Ans A restoring force always pushes or pules the object performing oscillatory motion towards thr
mean position . formula is 𝐹 = −𝐾𝑥

Q.6 Explain different terms which characterize simple harmonic motion?

Ans: Vibration : One complete around trip of a vibrating body about its mean position is called one
vibration.

Time Period (T) : The time taken by a body to complete one vibration is called time period .

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Frequency (F) : The numbers of vibrations or cycles of a vibrating body in one second is called its
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frequency OR it is the reciprocal of time period. Formula 𝑓 = the unit of frequency Hz OR 𝑠 −1 .
𝑇

Amplitude : The maximum displacement of a vibrating body on either side from its mean position.

Q. 7 Define Damped oscillation ? also give example.

Ans : The oscillation of a system in the presence of some resistive force are called damped oscillation
. e. g Shock absorbers in automobile are one practical’s example of damped oscillation .

Q. 8 Write down the construction of shock absorber?

Ans: A shock absorber consist of a piston moving through a liquid such as oil. The upper part of the
shock absorber is firmly attached to the body of the car.

Q. 9 Write down the working of shock absorber?

Ans: when the car travels over a bump on the road , the car may vibrate violently. The shock absorbers
damp these vibrations and convert their energy into heat energy of oil.

Q. 10 Define the term wave.

Ans A wave is disturbance is the medium in which the partials of the medium under go the vibratory
motion about their mean position in equal intervals of time .

Q. 11 Define the term Mechanicals waves? Also give its example.

Ans: Waves which requires any medium for their propagation are called mechanicals waves . e. g
water waves, sound wave etc.

Q 12 Define the term Electromagnetic waves? Also give its example.

Ans : Waves which don not requires any medium for their propagation are called mechanicals waves
. e. g Radio waves, television waves , X-rays, light waves etc.

Q. 13 Define Transverse wave with example.

Ans : In case of transverse waves, the vibratory motion of partials of medium of perpendicular to the
direction of propagation of wave, e. g waves on the surface of water and light waves.

Q. 14: Define longitudinal wave with example.

Ans: In longitudinal wave the particles of the medium move back and forth along the direction of
their propagation of wave . e. g sound wave and longitudinal wave on slinky .

Q. 15: Define the term Compression.

Ans : In compressions the loops of the spring are closed tighter. In the regions of compression the
partials of the medium are closer together .

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Q. 16 Define Rarefactions(expansions)?

Ans: In rarefaction where the loops are spaced apart. In the regions of rarefactions, the particles of
the medium are spaced apart.

Q. 17 Define Wavelength.

Ans The distance between two compressions is called wavelength.

Q. 18 How longitude waves are produced?

Ans: Longitude waves can be produced on a spring placed on a smooth floor or a long bench. Fix
one end of the slinky with a rigid support and hold the other end into your hand.

Q. 19 How transverse waves are produced?

Ans. We can produced transverse waves with the help of slinky. Stretch out a slinky along a smooth
floor with one fixed end. Hold the other end of the slinky and move it up and down quickly. A wave
in the form of alternate crest and troughs will start travelling towards the fixed end.

Q. 20 Why the Longitudinal waves move faster through solids than through gases or liquids?

Ans : Because the restoring force exerted during this up and down motion of particle’s of medium is
less than the restoring force exerted by a back and forth motion of particle’s of the medium in case
of longitudinal waves.

Q. 21 Why transverse waves move through solid at the speed less then half of the speed of
longitudinal?

And : Because the restoring force exerted during this up and down motion of particle’s of medium is
less than the restoring force exerted by a back and forth motion of particle’s of the medium in case
of longitudinal waves.

Q. 22 Define crest and trough?

Ans: The upper part of the transverse waves is called crest.

The lower part of the transverse waves is called trough.

Q. 23 Derive the relation between velocity , frequency and wavelength ? OR prove that 𝒗 =
𝒇𝝀.

Ans: wave is the disturbance in a medium which travels from one place to another place and has a
specific velocity travelling.
𝑑
We know that : 𝑉 =
𝑡

Distance covered by the wave is denoted by 𝜆. So above equation becomes,

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 𝜆
𝑉=
𝑡
1 1
𝑉 = (𝜆) as 𝑓 = so that 𝑉 = 𝑓𝜆 hence proved.
𝑇 𝑇

Q.24 Define waves energy as carriers of energy.

Ans : The amount of energy carried by the wave depends on the distance of the stretched spring from
its rest position. That is the energy in wave depends on the amplitude of the wave.

(Long Question’s Easy)

Q. 1 Define SHM? Describe the motion of mass attached to a spring.
Ans : SHM occurs when the net force is directly proportional to the displacement from the mean
position and is always is directed towards mean position. 𝑓𝛼𝑥 .
Motion of mass attached to a spring : It is the example of SHM . Consider we take a spring , if the
spring is compressed through a small displacement x from its mean position , it exerts a force F on
the mass.
According to Hook’s law “Force is directly proportional to the change in length x of the spring ”
Formula is 𝐹𝛼𝑥  F=-kx
Where x is the displacement of mass from its mean position O and K is the spring constant and the
negative sign shows that the direction is opposite to the mass which attached to a spring.
The value of k depends on the spring, if the spring is thick the value of k is increased but if the spring
is thin the value of k is decreased.
𝑘𝑥
According to newton 2nd law of motion F=ma  -kx=ma  𝑎 = − 𝑎𝛼−𝑥
𝑚

It shows that the acceleration is directly proportional to displacement , and the negative sign shows
that the force exerted on the spring always opposite to the displacement.
Q. 2 How the motion of mass attached to a spring behaves SHM?
Ans : Consider we take a simple spring . The mass is at rest position at O if we stretched the spring
away from the mean position at the point A at extreme position, the force stored that a spring is
restoring force , if we left the spring due to restoring force the mass move back towards the mean
position O . But due to inertia the mass does not stop at the mean position O but continues its motion
and reaches the extreme position B.
 Effect of force and acceleration on the spring: If we stretched the spring from its mean
position O to extreme position the force always increased at the extreme position. Acceleration
also increased at the extreme position and the force always decreased at the mean position ,
𝑚
acceleration also decreased at mean position F=ma  formula is 𝑇 = 2𝜋√ .
𝑘
 Effect of velocity on spring: velocity are always opposite to the acceleration, at mean position
velocity increased and at the extreme position velocity decreased . its motion always around
the mean position.
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Q. 3 Describe the motion of Ball and Bowl System in SHM?
Ans : Consider we take a ball placed in the bowl, let the ball initially at the extreme position O ,
Now we take the ball at extreme position A the ball store the restoring force in it, When we left
the ball from the extreme position A the ball move speedily towards the mean position O and then
extreme position B After the sometimes due to ball will be stop and it came on the mean position
O.
 Effect of force and acceleration on the ball and bowl : Force increase and acceleration also
increase at extreme position. Force decreased and acceleration also decreased at mean position.
As F=ma
 Effect of velocity on ball and bowl system: velocity is always directed to the acceleration.
At the mean position velocity increased and the extreme position velocity decreased, its
motion always around the mean position .
Q. 4 Describe the motion of Simple Pendulum?
Ans: It is an example of SHM, consider we take a simple pendulum , one end of the pendulum
attached to the fixed support and other end of the pendulum attached with move able mass. Initially
mass at rest O there is no force act on string. If we move the mass on the right side to the extreme
position A it will make two components 𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 . Now if we left the mass at point
A then it will move towards mean position. After mean position it will move extreme position at
𝐿
point B with component 𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃.  formula is 𝑇 = 2𝜋√ .
𝑔

 Effect of force and acceleration on the simple pendulum : Force increase and acceleration
also increase at extreme position. Force decreased and acceleration also decreased at mean
position. As F=ma.
 Effect of velocity on the simple pendulum : Velocity is always opposite to the acceleration,
at the mean position velocity increased and the extreme position velocity decreased, its motion
always around the mean position.
Q. 5 Define Ripple Tank ? Also discuss its construction , working , reflection , refraction ,
diffraction (v.v.v.imp)
Ans :  Ripple tank is a device to produced water and to study their characteristic’s.
 Construction : 1. Rectangular tray 2. Vibrator(Paddle) 3. Electric Bulb(Lamp)
 Working: Working of the ripple tank is below as
1. Rectangular tray: The apparatus consist of a rectangular tray having glass bottom and is
placed nearly half meter above the surface of table.
2. Vibrator (Paddle) : The vibrator is an oscillating electric motor fixed on the wooden plate
over the tray such that its lower surface just touches the surface of water. On setting the
vibrator ON this wooden plate starts vibrating to generate water waves consisting of straight
wave fronts.
 Diagram : On text Book.
 Crests and troughs : The crests of the waves appears bright lines or fringes, and the trough
of the waves appears dark lines or fringes
 Reflection : When waves are moving in one medium fall on the surface of another medium
they bounce back into the first medium such that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle
of reflection.
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