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    AC To AC Conversion

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    AC to AC conversion

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    AC To AC Conversion

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    IJESRT: 8(9), September, 2019 ISSN: 2277-9655

    International Journal of Engineering Sciences &Research


    X Technology
    (A Peer Reviewed Online Journal)
    Impact Factor: 5.164

    IJESRT

    Chief Editor Executive Editor


    Dr. J.B. Helonde Mr. Somil Mayur Shah

    Website: www.ijesrt.com Mail: editor@ijesrt.com


    O
    ISSN: 2277-9655
    [Manzoor, et al., 8(9): September, 2019] Impact Factor: 5.164
    IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7

    IJESRT
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH
    TECHNOLOGY
    SINGLE PHASE AC to AC CONVERSION WITHOUT FREQUENCY
    RESTRICTIONS
    Taniya Manzoor
    Electrical Engineering, GNDEC, Ludhaina, India

    DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3407070
    ABSTRACT
    Single Phase AC to AC conversion finds various applications in domestic drive systems, street- light dimmers
    and fan regulators. Conventionally, this conversion is done by using thyristor based power electronic circuits
    such as AC Voltage Controllers and Cyclo-Converters. However, these devices provide either no frequency
    control as in AC Voltage Controllers or limited frequency control as in cyclo-converters. For unrestricted
    frequency control AC-DC-AC conversion is usually undertaken. It is proposed to use fully controlled devices
    such as IGBT’s (insulated gate bipolar transistor) in direct single phase AC to AC power conversion. Matrix
    Converters are power electronic converters that facilitate direct AC-AC conversion without any intermediate DC
    stage. Matrix converters make use of self-commutating devices like IGBTs thus eliminating the frequency
    constraints of cyclo-converters. The additional attractive features include sinusoidal input and output current,
    improved power factor and regeneration capabilities.

    KEYWORDS: Matrix Converters, Thyristors, IGBT’s, Regeneration.


    1. INTRODUCTION
    Rapid developments in the field of power electronics has led to the availability of a wide range of inverter
    circuits, varying in output frequency and voltage. The origin of such circuits is the single phase bridge inverter
    circuit, but its output is not sinusoidal and contains harmonics[7]. Hence, resonant inverters are used where the
    frequency is much higher, at around 100KHz, with high efficiency but since the switch carries the load current
    for a longer period, the device rating has to be higher. Variable voltage and variable frequency ac motor drives
    have come to increased use in various industrial applications. These new approaches need a simple method of
    control foracmotors.

    A cyclo inverter is a type of power control in which an alternating voltage at supply frequency is converted
    directly to an alternating voltage at load frequency without any intermediate d.c stage. The cyclo inverter is
    controlled by controlling the firing pulses so that it produces an alternating output voltage. By controlling the
    frequency and depth of phase modulation of the firing angles of the converters, it is possible to control the
    frequency and amplitude of the output voltage[5]. Thus, a cyclo-inverter has the facility for continuous and
    independent control over both its output frequency and voltage. The quality of output voltage wave and its
    harmonic distortion also impose the restriction on this frequency. The distortion is very low at low output
    frequency. Here, a cyclo-inverter is suggested where the IGBT switch is self commutated and hence eliminates
    the need for a commutation circuit.

    2. VARIOUS TOPOLOGIES

    Half-Bridge Topology
    The figure shows the detailed circuit topology of a half bridge IGBT based cyclo-converter.

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    ISSN: 2277-9655
    [Manzoor, et al., 8(9): September, 2019] Impact Factor: 5.164
    IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7
    Figure.1:

    Schematic diagram of an IGBT based cyclo-converter

    It consists of a single phase transformer with mid tap on the secondary winding and four thyristors, without any
    flow of circulating current two of these thyristors P1, P2 are for positive group and the other two are for negative
    group. Load is connected between secondary winding and terminal A as shown. Output is obtained through
    proper conduction of IGBTs in the two input cycles. The IGBTs are fired according to a cycle depending on the
    integer multiple with which the supply frequency is to be multiplied. Thus, the output of converter will have a
    frequency, fo= fi .Nr where Nr is an integer and fi is the source frequency.

    Full-BridgeTopology
    The matrix converter has several advantages over traditional rectifier-inverter type power frequency converters.
    It provides sinusoidal input and output waveforms, with minimal higher order harmonics and no subharmonics;
    it has inherent bi- directional energy flow capability; the input power factor can be fully controlled.

    Figure.2:

    Schematic diagram of a single phase AC to single phase AC converter


    The Single-Phase Matrix Converter consists of a matrix of input and output lines with four bi- directional
    switches connecting the single-phase input to the single-phase output at the intersection.. It comprises of four
    ideal switches S1, S2, S3, and S4 capable of blocking forward and reverse voltages (symmetrical
    devices).The Single phase matrix converter circuit as shown in Figure uses four bi-directional switches for the
    Cyclo- converter implementation. It requires the use of bi-directional switches capable of blocking volt- age
    and conducting current in both directions[5]. Unfortunately there is no discrete semiconductor device
    currently that could be fulfilling the needs and hence the use of common-emitter anti-parallel IGBT, diode pair

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    [59]

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    ISSN: 2277-9655
    [Manzoor, et al., 8(9): September, 2019] Impact Factor: 5.164
    IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7

    as shown in Figure. Diodes are in place to provide reverse blocking capability to the switching module. The
    IGBT were used due to its high switching capabilities and high current carrying capabilities desirable
    amongst researchers for high power applications.

    This topology promises minimal energy storage requirements, which allows to get rid of bulky and lifetime-
    limited energy-storing capacitors. But the matrix converter has also some disadvantages. First of all it has a
    maximum input- output voltage transfer ratio limited to = 87 % for sinusoidal input and output waveforms[3]. It
    requires more semiconductor devices than a conventional AC- AC indirect power frequency converter, since no
    monolithic bi-directional switches exist and consequently discrete unidirectional devices, variously arranged,
    have to be used for each bi-directional switch.

    3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    Simulation Results for Half-Bridge Topology


    The Simulink model is shown in Fig.3. The objective of this work is to analyze the output voltage and current
    waveforms for R and RL load.

    Figure.3:

    MATLAB Simulink model for Half-Bridge Topology

    Output voltage and current waveforms for R load Output voltage and current waveforms for RL load

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    [60]

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    ISSN: 2277-9655
    [Manzoor, et al., 8(9): September, 2019] Impact Factor: 5.164
    IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7

    Simulation Results for Full-Bridge Topology


    The Simulink model is shown in Fig.4 The objective of this work is to analyze the output voltage and current
    waveforms for R and RL load
    .
    Figure.4:

    MATLAB Simulink model for Full-Bridge Topology

    Output voltage and current waveform for RL load Output voltage and current waveforms for R load

    4. CONCLUSION
    Deduced from three phase matrix converters, the above mentioned matrix converter topology is able to carry out
    Single Phase AC to AC conversion without frequency restrictions successfully. The simulation results have been
    supported by experimental results. It is also found that the quality of output as well as input current improved by
    making use of self-commutating devices like IGBT’s, besides ensuring unity power factor operation.

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    ISSN: 2277-9655
    [Manzoor, et al., 8(9): September, 2019] Impact Factor: 5.164
    IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7

    REFERENCES
    [1] Lee Empringham, Johann W Kolar, Jose Rodriguez, Pat W Wheeler, and Jon C Clare. Technological is-
    sues and industrial application of matrix converters: A review IEEE Transactions Industrial
    Electronics, 60(10):42604271,2013.
    [2] SH Hosseini and E Babaei. A new generalized direct matrix converter. In Industrial Electronics, 2001.
    Pro- ceedings. ISIE 2001. IEEE International Symposium ,volume2,pages10711076.IEEE,2001.
    [3] Zahiruddin Idris, SZ Mohammad Noor, and Mustafar Kamal Hamzah. Safe commutation strategy
    insin- gle phase matrix converter. In Power Electronics and Drives Systems, 2005. PEDS 2005.
    International Conference, volume2, pages886891.IEEE,2005.
    [4] .B H Kwon, B-D Min, and J-H Kim. Novel commu- tation technique of acac converters. IEE
    Proceedings- Electric Power Applications, 145(4):295300,1998.
    [5] Jose Rodriguez, Marco Rivera, Johan W Kolar,and Patrick W Wheeler. A review of control and
    modulation methods for matrix converters. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics,
    59(1):5870,2012.
    [6] LixiangWei, Thomas A Lipo, and Ho Chan. Matrix converter topologies with reduced number of
    switches. In Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2002. pesc 02. 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual, volume
    1, pages 5763. IEEE,2002.
    [7] Adrian zuckerberger , D Weinstock and Abraham Alexandrovitz. Single-phase matrix converter.
    IEEE Proceedings-Electric Power Applications, 144(4):235240, 1997.

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    [62]

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