NATURAL AND ORGANIC INSECTICIDE THAT PROVIDES HARMLESS EFFECTS TO

PLANTS AND FOODCROPS

HOLY CROSS OF AGDAO

R. Castillo St., Agdao Davao City

-----------------------------------------------

In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements

for the

Science Investigatory 11

Submitted by:

Bequiso, Ma. Kristina Cassandra P.

Encabo, Angel John Thadeaus A.

Delos Santos, Bea Dianne C.

Bolante, RoshanDorotea T.

De Leon, Erika Mae M.

Cereno, Demi Cates J.

Pulvera, Erika Jhoy P.

Aquino, Asi Manuel R.

Agabon, Jan Mar M.

 Maliday, Khinlee M.

Maboloc, Julian C.

Submitted to:

Mr. German Sipot, LPT

Date Submitted:

October 10, 2019

 II.

AKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research study was made possible with the help of God Almighty, and to those people
behind this successful outcome. In line with this, we would like to give our sincere gratitude to
these following people:

To Almighty God, who guided us while we are making this investigatory project, and helped
us to have courage in finishing our product;

To Our Families, who gave us their undying support and guidance;

To Mr. & Ms. Aquino, who let us use their humble abode for the methodology of the product;

To Mrs. Carmela Sun, our class adviser, for the undying support and for encouraging us to
accomplish this Investigatory Project;

To Sr. Ma.Nelsa P. Guevarra TDM, our School Directress for letting us have this Science
Invastigatory Project

And to Mr. German Sipot Jr. LPT, our Earth and Life Science Professor, who guided us in
making this investigatory project, for letting us enhance our communicating and researching
skills and for helping us to accomplish this Science Investigatory Project.
 III.

ABSTRACT

Insecticides are substances used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used
against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine,
industry and by consumers. Insecticides are claimed to be a major factor behind the increase in
the 20th-century's agricultural productivity. Nearly all insecticides have the potential to
significantly alter ecosystems; many are toxic to humans and/or animals; some become
concentrated as they spread along the food chain.

Davao City has one of the most enormous lands in the Philippines. The city is widely famous
for the abundant harvest on food crops, fruits and vegetables. Davao City is known for their
famous fruit Durian (Durio) and Mangosteen (GarciniaMangostana). Davao City is also known
for the continuous success regarding crops, plants and fruits. But sometimes we cannot avoid
those pesky and peeky bugs that loves to surround around our beloved plants. We should think
of a way on how to avoid these sneaky insects, in a healthy way and in a way that we cannot
harm nor kill our plants, and produce a pulchritudinous fruit and crops. Of course, in an organic
way.

That is why we, the researchers think of a better way on how to eliminate these insects that
keeps on pestering our beautiful plants without harming them; we have noticed that Chili
(Capsicum frutescens) is an effective way in killing insects, that is why we needed to think of a
product that has chili on it that would help us to do away with them, in an organic way and,
safer way.
 IV.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
Title Page ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..i

Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………….………………………….……..ii

Abstract ……….………………………………………………………….….……….................................iii

Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………………………..…….......iv

CHAPTER I.…………………………………………………………………………………………….……..….....1

Introduction………………….…………………………………..………………………………………1-2

Statement of the Research Problem…………….………………………………………….…...3

Hypothesis…………………………..………..……………………………………….………..……....4

Significance of the Study………………………………………..………………………..…………5-6

Scope and Limitation of the Study ……………………………….....…,.………………..…..7

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………..………………………..8-9

CHAPTER II. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...10

Review of Related Literature and Studies……………………………………………………..10-14

CHAPTER III.……………….…………………………………………………………………………………

Procedure ………………………………………………………………………………………………..15-16

Research Design ………………………………………………………………………………………17

CHAPTER IV.…………………….……….………………………………………………………………………..18

Summary………………………………………………………………………...........................18

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………..…..19

Recommendation………………………………………………………………………………………20
 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

A Natural Insecticide is a Chemical or biological substance designed to kill or retard the growth
of pests that damage or interfere with the growth of crops, shrubs, trees, timber and other
vegetation desired by humans. This is the bestsubstitute to synthetic insecticides that can harm
our planet. A synthetic insecticide can contain poisons and toxins that are not found in a natural
insecticide. These can be harmful to living things other than the insects they were intended for.
Syntheticchemical insecticides often contain ingredients that kill beneficial insects. Theseinsects
may be bees that pollinate fruits and vegetables.

Pests is any animal or plant detrimental to humans, or human concerns, including crops,
livestock and forestry. Pests are very dangerous to humans, specially plants because it has a
very huge risk for destroying and damaging the plants, causing foodcrops, plants and
vegetables not to produce and bear properly. Exotic plant pests are capable of damaging our
natural environment, destroying our food production, and agriculture industries, and some
could change our way of life. Although insecticides and pesticides are highly recommended to
eliminate the growth of insects and other destroying organisms, it will take a huge risk to use
insecticides because it contains strong chemicals that could possibly harm and kill your plants.
Yes, insecticides are highly in demand in agriculture, but farmers and people do not frequently
use it because it might kill the plants and harm the environment. As a Grade 11 students who is
concerned with the good harvest and bountiful agriculture of Davao City, We need to come up
of a plan regarding of eliminating these annoying bugs and pests without the use of CFC
(ChloroFlouroCarbon) that is the main cause of Ozone Layer destruction. We looked for certain
data and information that could help us make an Organic Insecticide.

Our group had found out that Chili, a small hot-tasting pod of a variety of capsicum, used
chopped (and often dried) in sauces, relishes, and spice powders have a certain use and benefit
to agriculture too. rld. It gives a sizzling hotness of any food which makes people crave for it.
Chili pepper has health sustaining properties as well and had been found to have rich in Vitamin
A and C contents ( Aguhob et al., 2015). Due to this, We have noticed that it could kill insects
that keeps on pestering our plant together with pepper, due to it's strong and deadly smell.
 2

Usually, chili peppers are either finely powdered or soaked in solvent to extract their capsaicin -
- the active ingredient that causes the burn. This powder or liquid is then sprayed on crops to
prevent them from being eaten by mammals and insects. Capsaicin is a broad-spectrum
pesticide. That means that while it will deter, or even kill, noxious insects, it will do the same to
beneficial insects. If you're counting on honey bees to fertilize your crop, using chili extract will
not be helpful. In fact, it will kill honey bees. Thus, we have to make a product that has pepper
and chili as the main ingredient to eliminate and kill these certain pests.

According to Ring, D. & Wilson, G. (2016), termites cause more damage to homes than all
other natural disasters combined. Termites are often referred to as the “white ant” because of
their size and colour. Nicknames such as “the little white thing” or “little white ant” come up in
discussing this insect. This termite is also known as the Philippine milk termite
(Coptotermesgestroi). Modern houses make extensive use of concrete slabs, and for most
effective termite proofing much of the chemical barrier needs to be put under these slabs
(Aguhob et al., 2012). Insecticides kill by affecting the physiology of the insect. It abrades the
skin of the insects (roughens the skin or wear it away), causing them to lose water. Insecticides
are helpful, but they can also be dangerous. Some insecticides, called broad spectrum poisons,
kill a variety of organisms. Besides killing pests, they kill harmless and helpful organisms such
including wasps, spiders and other natural enemies of pests.

This study aims to help Mother Nature and the restoration of it's beauty, specially help the
country to be free from insects and bugs that keeps on pestering our plants and foodcrops. This
study also wanted to help farmers from rural places that needed a lot of insecticides to protect
their farm, plants, vegetables and food products. This is also to promote an eco-friendly society
because this product disregard the use of CFCs that is very dangerous to both human and
animal health, but also the food crop's health and quality.
 3

STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

CFCs are toxic chemical that harms and destroys the quality of the plant, it's beauty, leaves and

being. Some farmers consume insecticides that contains CFCs in it not knowing that it can

harm their food crops, especially the Ozone Layer. We researchers used natural and effective

plants in order to eliminate and kill these insects. In order to bring back the nature's beauty and

to provide good quality products out of plants, foodcrops, and fruits.

a.) Is there any toxic substances in your product that could possibly harm the plants, fruits and

vegetables?

b.) Is the product effective and truly useful?

c.) Is there a way on how you can improve the product?

d.) Did the researchers test it to plants and insects?

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HYPOTHESIS

a.) There is no such toxic substances in our product that could possibly harm the plants,

foodcops and vegetables.

b.) The product is effective and truly useful because some of the gardeners have used chilis and

garlic as an alternative source for insecticides. Thus, we can say that the product is effective.

c.) There is a way on improving this product.

d.) The researchers tested it to plants and insects to prove that it is effective.
 5

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of this study mainly circulates on gardeners, farmers and simply people who

takes care of plants. In order to restore the beauty of the nature, we must use products that its

Non-CFC in order for the environment to be safe. The usage of products containing CFCs in it

has a huge possibility that the environment might get damaged, and not only plants and food

crops can be harmed but also our physical health. As a young students concerning the youth

and environment, we have come up with a helpful product that everyone can use to eliminate

these small organisms, pests and insects that keeps on bothering our plants, causing it to

destroy, damaged and the low-quality of plant products.

Natural insecticides can be chemical, mineral, or biological. The common goal of all three is to

kill, repel, or otherwise interfere with the damaging behavior of insect pests. Because this

purpose corresponds with the legal definition of a pesticide, all natural insecticide products must

comply with federal and state regulations for registration, sales, transport, use, storage, and

disposal. Some natural insecticides are allowed for use in certified organic systems if additional

organic federal standards are met.

Plants are very important to our daily lives because it gives us daily consumption. Most of the

people plant fruits and vegetables even outside their houses in order to provide their everyday

meal. In addition to this, plants are very important especially to farmers because it gives them

profit and business, and in order for the products to be sold, they must be in good shape,

content and quality. But because of these peeky pests, our foodcrops have been damaged and

destroyed. The significance of this study is to eliminate these bugs and pests that keeps on
 6

bothering our food crops and also help the environment by using products that doesn't contain

harmful CFCs that could harm and damage the Earth.

As students of Holy Cross of Agdao, our task is to help the environment regain it's good quality

by using our knowledge in the assignatory Science.

 7

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

In this study we have gathered some statistics, problems and objectives on how to solve

pollution and earth especially on how to permanently stop it and stop pests from attacking

man’s needs for survival. We have also observed that we are lacking of contributors and

members to help us in this project and we have difficulties in making the projects in no less

than 3 days.
 8

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Insecticides-Insecticides are substances used to kill insects. They include ovicides and

larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture,

medicine, industry and by consumers.

Chili (Capsicum frutescens)-a small hot-tasting pod of a variety of capsicum, used chopped

(and often dried) in sauces, relishes, and spice powders.

Pepper (Piper Nigrum) - a pungent, hot-tasting powder prepared from dried and ground

peppercorns, commonly used as a spice or condiment to flavor food.

Garlic ( AlliumSativum)- Garlic is a species in the onion genus, Allium. Its close relatives

include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, and Chinese onion. Garlic is native to Central Asia and

northeastern Iran, and has long been a common seasoning worldwide, with a history of several

thousand years of human consumption and use.

CFC (ChloroFlouroCarbon)-any of a class of compounds of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and

fluorine, typically gases used in refrigerants and aerosol propellants. They are harmful to the

ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere owing to the release of chlorine atoms on exposure to

ultraviolet radiation.

Plants- a living organism of the kind exemplified by trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and

mosses, typically growing in a permanent site, absorbing water and inorganic substances

through its roots, and synthesizing nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the green

pigment chlorophyll.
 9

Food Crops- plant product that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or

subsistence. Crop may refer either to the harvested parts or to the harvest in a more refined

state.
 10

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This research study cited articles which are relevant to the present investigation. It is composed

of related literature and studies both local and foreign, which contain facts and information on

the research problem at hand. It also provides explanations and logical connections between

previous researches and the present work.

Insecticides have been used for centuries to fight unwanted pests. There are several natural

(plant) insecticides that have been widely used, although compared with modern synthetics the

plant substances are relatively weak. One benefit of a plant insecticide is that many of them are

biodegradable. More than 1500 species of plants have been reported to have insecticidal value,

and many more exist, but two products, rotenone and pyrethrin, have been economically

important. Rotenone. Before World War I, agricultural nations were ignorant about the plants

that contain rotenone. Rotenone was a mysterious and an unidentified fish poison (barbasco) of

the deep forests of Sounth America were natives collected roots of a viney shrub,

Lonchocarpusnicou, and threw the crushed roots into small streams and pools. The chemical in

the root stunned the fish and caused them to float to the surface, where the fish were easily

collected. Humans were not poisoned by consuming rotenone, which is only toxic in very large

doses. Use of rotenone as a fish poison became widespread in the 20th century, and it was

immortalized in 1954 when a boat captain just happened to have a rotenone on board to

stupefy a “monster” in Creature from the Black Lagoon.

The South American rotenone-bearing, leguminous plant is not known now from the wild.

Nowadays, Lonchocarpus is cultivated by hand labor in tropical regions of Brazil and Peru. In
 11

the Far East, particularly in Java and Sumatra, a closely related legume, Derris elliptica, which

also contains rotenone, was used as an arrow poison. Derris, which has been grown

commercially in Puerto Rico, has lower yields of rotenone than does Lonchocarpus. Rotenone

also occurs in the legume genus Tephrosia. Rotenone is found in resin ducts, which occur in the

phloem and xylem. The root is dried to 20% moisture content and then shipped to buyer

countries. Rotenone is a terpene; it was applied as a spray on fruits and row crops, even

several times before harvest time, because the chemical residue do not linger. It is a potentially

lethal toxin for aphids, cockroaches, houseflies, corn borers, Mexican bean beetles and

mosquitoes.

Pyrethrin.Pyrethrin comes from a perennial daisy of the genus Chrysanthemum(not the

cultivated mum). The biologically active chemicals are esters, which occur in the flower heads.

Action of a Pyrethrin is a contact poison, which paralyzes the insect victim, usually with 90

seconds. Normally the poison is administered in emulsion or dust form; as a dust it can be used

as a diatomaceous earth. The primary physiological reaction of the toxin is that ventral vagus

ganglion shows vacoulization. Acute toxicity in mammals is relatively low, because the pyrethrin

esters are converted in the stomach into nontoxic compounds.

Green Pesticdes. Green pesticides, also called ecological pesticides, are pesticides derived from

organic sources which are considered environmentally friendly and causing less harm to human

and animal health, and to habitats and the ecosystem.

In agroecology, pesticides are evaluated for minimal adverse environmental effects. Biocides

include germicides, antibiotics, antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals and

antiparasites. Pesticides typically come in the form of sprays and dusts.

 12

The use of insecticides is believed to be one of the major factors behind the increase in

agricultural productivity in the 20th century. The classification of insecticides is done in several

different ways. These includes: Systemic insecticides, Contact insecticides, Natural

insecticides,Plant-Incorporated Protectants(PIPs), Inorganic insecticides, Organic Insecticides,

Mode of action.

Systemic insecticides are incorporated by treated plants. Insects ingest the insecticide while

feeding on the plants. These are absorbed by plants or animals and move to untreated tissues.

Systemic or translocated herbicides move within the plant to untreated areas of leaves, stems

or roots. They may kill weeds with only partial spray coverage. Systemic insecticides or

fungicides move throughout treated plants and kill certain insects or fungi. Some systemic

insecticides are applied to animals and move through the animal to control pests such as warble

grubs, lice, or fleas. Some pesticides only move in one direction within the plant, either up or

down. Knowing what direction the pesticide moves will help guide your decisions. For example

some insecticides only move upwards in plants. If applied to the root zone, it will travel

throughout the plant, but if applied to the leaves it will not move throughout the plant. Some

pesticides are considered locally systemic. These will only move a short distance in a plant from

the point of contact.

Contact insecticides are toxic to insects brought into direct contact. Efficacy is often related to

the quality of pesticide application, with small droplets (such as aerosols) often improving

performance. Insects are killed when sprayed directly or when they crawl across surfaces

treated with a residual contact insecticide. Weed foliage is killed when enough surface area is
 13

covered with a contact herbicide. Natural insecticides, such as nicotine, pyrethrum and neem

extracts are made by plants as defenses against insects.

Nicotine-based insecticides are still being widely used in the US and Canada though they are

barred in the EU. Natural pesticides are pesticides that are made by other organisms usually for

their own defense, or are derived from a natural source such as a mineral. Most people believe

that natural pesticides are safer and more eco-friendly than man-made pesticides and while this

is mostly true it is not always so. For example, nicotine is a natural pesticide in tobacco leaves,

and the highly addictive component of cigarette smoke, but is in fact much more toxic than

most modern synthetic pesticides.

Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) are insecticidal substances produced by plants after

genetic modification. For instance, a gene that codes for a specific Baccilusthuringiensisbiocidal

protein is introduced into a crop plant's genetic material. Then, the plant manufactures the

protein. Since the biocide is incorporated into the plant, additional applications, at least of the

same compound, are not required.

Inorganic insecticides are manufactured with metals and include arsenates, copper compounds

and fluorine compounds, which are now seldom used, and sulfur, which is commonly used.

Inorganic insecticides are of mineral origin, mainly compounds of antimony, arsenic, barium,

boron, copper, fluorine, mercury, selenium, sulfur, thallium, and zinc, and elemental

phosphorus and sulfur. It is sometimes used as the toxic agent in ant poisons and for the

control of thrips.Organic insecticides are synthetic chemicals which comprise the largest

numbers of pesticides available for use today. An organic insecticide is a pesticide that uses

only natural components to kill bugs. In many cases, organic materials used to repel insects are
 14

also called organic insecticides. This is not a true insecticide, but rather a repellent. Organic

insecticides can be made from a number of different materials, but what many people most

appreciate about them is that they are a relatively safe form of pest control in most cases. It is

possible to make an organic insecticide from a number of different substances. It is also

possible to buy them commercially. It should be noted that many organic insecticides are meant

to only target a certain species or a few different species. Therefore, those who have a variety

of insect species they wish to treat will likely need more than one type of organic insecticide.

Mode of action—how the pesticide kills or inactivates a pest—is another way of classifying

insecticides. Mode of action is important in predicting whether an insecticide will be toxic to

unrelated species, such as fish, birds and mammals.

Although the pesticides and particularly insecticides used in organic farming and organic

gardening are generally safer than synthetic pesticides, they are not always more safe or

environmentally friendly than synthetic pesticides, both can cause harm. The main criterion for

organic pesticides is that they are naturally derived, and some naturally derived substances

have been controversial. Controversial natural pesticides include rotenone, copper, nicotine

sulfate, and pyrethrums. However, restrictions on natural pesticides have tightened and as of

2005 rotenone, a dangerous natural pesticide, was not allowed for US organic farmers, and

rotenone was not allowed under the California Organic Foods Act of 1990.

Phytoalexin elicitor glucohexatose has been called a green pesticide, as has a new class of

insecticides called spinosad which shows "remarkable selectivity" in destroying harmful pests

and leaving beneficial insects alive.

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CHAPTER 3

PROCEDURE

This are the ingredients on how to make the organic insecticide. What you will need is:

1. Chili (1/2 cup or 113g)

2. Pepper (100g)

3. Garlic (113g)

4. Liquid Soap

5. Water (320ml)

Other materials:

6. Strainer of White Cloth

7. Spray Bottle

8. Pan

Now these are the ways on how to make the organic insecticide:

1. Gather all the ingredients needed for the insecticide.

2. In a small pan, you would like to add 320ml of water.

3. Chop the Chili, Pepper and Garlic in small pieces.

4. Add Garlic into pan and let it boil for about 1-2 minutes.

5. After making sure that the garlic is soft and you can already smell it’s odor.

6. After this, add the chili and pepper on the pan and let it boil for 5-6 minutes.

7. Make sure that you could smell the strong odor coming from the chili and pepper before

turning off your stove.

 16

8. Strain your product using the strainer or a cloth.

9. Squeeze the remaining particles until their juices come out.

10. Let it cool for about a minute.

11. Add the natural insecticide in a spray bottle.

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CHAPTER 4

SUMMARY

In summary, this organic insecticide provides a very huge help not only for farmers but only

in the society. It is because it is free from any other toxic substances that could harm and

destroy the environment. We have decided to come up with this product because we the

researchers wanted to use our knowledge in helping the agricultural fields in Davao City.

The study determined that with the help of the Chili, Pepper, Garlic and Liquid Soap, we can

provide a pest killing agent that is CFC free, and can cause no damage to the environment.

In addition to this, this organic insecticide could be used in our everyday lives instead of

synthetic insecticides that could possibly harm and provide low quality plants and food

crops.
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CONCLUSION

Therefore, we conclude that Chilis, Garlic and Peppers do not only give satisfaction to our

food by cooking, but also it can provide satisfaction in terms of agriculture. By means of

making an organic insecticide that effectively kills and eliminates pests and other plant

destroying insects. Our study showed that there are alternative ways on how to eliminate

the country from insect diseases, low quality food crops and harming our Mother Nature.

We have concluded that the use of synthetic insecticide provide huge environment

complications such as destroying of the environment, and the destroying of Ozone Layer.

Thus, we researchers have come up with a plan of using organic insecticide that could be an

alternate of dangerous synthetic insecticides in order to promote a healthy environment.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

As me and my co-makers are making the said project we recommended that we better

prepare for a new and 100% successful product that could help Earth from different mistake

made by man and for man also to survive Earth’s and nature’s forces like natural disasters

like typhoon and flood.

We highly recommend to use this product for the promotion of a safe environment. Because

the world is slowly getting hotter and hotter, bigger and more dangerous thus, the usage of

products containing CFCs in it might damage and destroy the Ozone Layer and could harm

the plants due to it’s toxicity. While using this product, we can promote for a safe

environment. And we can produce a better and high quality food crops, fruits and

vegetables because these sneaky little pests would not bother them anymore.

We can not only give satisfaction to people but we can also promote a CFC-free country in

this world.
 17

RESEARCH DESIGN

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

- Chili First, Gather all the ingredients The use of organic

- needed for the insecticide. insecticides is to prevent
- Garlic insects and pestering bugs
Second, In a small pan, you
- from coming to our plants
- Pepper would like to add 320ml of and food crops. It is also
- water. Third, Chop the Chili, healthy for the environment
- Liquid Soap because it is CFC-free which
Pepper and Garlic in small
- will not harm the
pieces. Fourth, Add Garlic into
- Water environment.
pan and let it boil for about 1-2

minutes. After making sure that

the garlic is soft and you can

already smell it’s odor. After

this, add the chili and pepper on

the pan and let it boil for 5-6

minutes. Make sure that you

could smell the strong odor

coming from the chili and

pepper before turning off your

stove. Strain your product using

the strainer or a cloth. Squeeze

the remaining particles until

their juices come out. Let cool

and add the product to spray

bottle.