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Pope Francis
Pope Francis (Latin: Franciscus; Italian: Francesco; Spanish: Francisco; born Jorge
Mario Bergoglio; 17 December 1936) is the head of the Catholic
Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State. Francis is the first Jesuit pope,
the first from the Americas, the first from the Southern Hemisphere, the first to visit
the Arabian Peninsula, and the first pope from outside Europe since the
Syrian Gregory III, who reigned in the 8th century.
Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bergoglio was ordained a Catholic priest in
1969, and from 1973 to 1979 was Argentina's provincial superior of the Society of
Jesus (Jesuits). He became the Archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998 and was
created a cardinal in 2001 by Pope John Paul II. He led the Argentine Church
during the December 2001 riots in Argentina. The administrations of Néstor
Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner considered him a political rival.
Following the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI on 28 February 2013, a papal
conclave elected Bergoglio as his successor on 13 March. He chose Francis as
his papal name in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi.
Throughout his public life, Pope Francis has been noted for his humility, emphasis
on God's mercy, international visibility as Pope, concern for the poor and
commitment to interfaith dialogue. He is credited with having a less formal
approach to the papacy than his predecessors, for instance choosing to reside
in the Domus Sanctae Marthae guesthouse rather than in the papal
apartments of the Apostolic Palace used by previous popes. He maintains that
the Church should be more open and welcoming. He does not support
unbridled capitalism, Marxism, or Marxist versions of liberation theology. Francis
maintains the traditional views of the Church
regarding abortion, marriage, ordination of women, and clerical celibacy. He
opposes consumerism and overdevelopment, and supports taking action
on climate change, a focus of his papacy with the promulgation of Laudato si'.
In international diplomacy, he helped to temporarily restore full diplomatic
relations between the United States and Cuba and supported the cause of
refugees during the European and Central American migrant crises. Since 2016,
Francis has faced increasingly open criticism, particularly from theological
conservatives, on the question of admitting civilly divorced and remarried
Catholics to Communion with the publication of Amoris laetitia and on the
question of the alleged cover-up of clergy sexual abuse, against which he
promulgated Vos Estis Lux Mundi. Since 2018, he has been a vocal opponent
of neo-nationalism.
Saint Pedro Calungsod
Saint Pedro Calungsod (Latin: Petrus Calungsod, Spanish: Pedro Calúñgsod or

archaically Pedro Calonsor, Italian: Pietro Calungsod; July 21, 1654– April 2,
1672), also known as Peter Calungsod and Pedro Calonsor, was
a Catholic Filipino migrant, sacristan and missionary catechist who, along with
the Spanish Jesuit missionary Diego Luis de San Vitores, suffered religious
persecution and martyrdom in Guam for their missionary work in 1672.[4]
While in Guam, Calungsod preached Christianity to the Chamorro
people through catechism, while baptizing infants, children and adults at the risk
and expense of being persecuted and eventually murdered. Through
Calungsod and San Vitores' missionary efforts, many native
Chamorros converted to Roman Catholicism.
Calungsod was formally beatified on March 5, 2000, by Pope John Paul II.
Calungsod was officially canonized by Pope Benedict XVI at Saint Peter's
Basilica in Vatican City on October 21, 2012.
Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu
Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu (born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, Albanian: 26 August

1910 – 5 September 1997), commonly known as Mother Teresa and honoured in
the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian-Indian Roman
Catholic nun and missionary. She was born in Skopje (now the capital of North
Macedonia), then part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. After living
in Skopje for eighteen years, she moved to Ireland and then to India, where she
lived for most of her life.
In 1950, Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious
congregation that had over 4,500 nuns and was active in 133 countries in 2012.
The congregation manages homes for people who are dying
of HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis. It also runs soup kitchens, dispensaries,
mobile clinics, children's and family counselling programmes, as well
as orphanages and schools. Members take vows of chastity, poverty, and
obedience, and also profess a fourth vow—to give "wholehearted free service
to the poorest of the poor."
Teresa received a number of honours, including the 1962 Ramon Magsaysay
Peace Prize and 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. She was canonised on 4 September
2016, and the anniversary of her death (5 September) is her feast day.
A controversial figure during her life and after her death, Teresa was admired by
many for her charitable work. She was praised and criticized on various counts,
such as for her views on abortion and contraception, and was criticized for poor
conditions in her houses for the dying. Her authorized biography was written
by Navin Chawla and published in 1992, and she has been the subject of films
and other books. On 6 September 2017, Teresa and St. Francis Xavier were
named co-patrons of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta.
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician, stateswoman and
a central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was the first and, to date, the only female Prime
Minister of India. Indira Gandhi was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India. She
served as Prime Minister from January 1966 to March 1977 and again from January 1980 until her
assassination in October 1984, making her the second longest-serving Indian Prime Minister, after her father.
panchod kutti Gandhi served as her father's personal assistant and hostess during his tenure as Prime
Minister between 1947 and 1964. She was elected President of the Indian National Congress in 1959. Upon
her father's death in 1964 she was appointed as a member of the Rajya Sabha (upper house) and became
a member of Lal Bahadur Shastri's cabinet as Minister of Information and Broadcasting. In the Congress
Party's parliamentary leadership election held in early 1966 (upon the death of Shastri), she defeated her
rival Morarji Desai to become leader, and thus succeeded Shastri as Prime Minister of India.
As Prime Minister, Gandhi was known for her political intransigency and unprecedented centralisation of
power. She went to war with Pakistan in support of the independence movement and war of
independence in East Pakistan, which resulted in an Indian victory and the creation of Bangladesh, as well
as increasing India's influence to the point where it became the regional hegemon of South Asia. Citing
separatist tendencies and in response to a call for revolution, Gandhi instituted a state of emergency from
1975 to 1977 where basic civil liberties were suspended and the press was censored. Widespread atrocities
were carried out during the emergency. In 1980, she returned to power after free and fair elections. After
Gandhi ordered military action in the Golden Temple in Operation Blue Star, she was assassinated by her
own bodyguards and Sikh nationalists on 31 October 1984.
Indira Gandhi was born as Indira Nehru in a Kashmiri Pandit family on 19 November 1917 in Allahabad. Her
father, Jawaharlal Nehru, was a leading figure in India's political struggle for independence from British rule,
and became the first Prime Minister of the Dominion (and later Republic) of India.[8] She was the only child
(a younger brother was born, but died young), and grew up with her mother, Kamala Nehru, at the Anand
Bhavan; a large family estate in Allahabad. She had a lonely and unhappy childhood. Her father was often
away, directing political activities or incarcerated, while her mother was frequently bed-ridden with illness,
and later suffered an early death from tuberculosis. She had limited contact with her father, mostly through
letters. Indira was mostly taught at home by tutors, and intermittently attended school until matriculation in
1934. She was a student at the Modern School in Delhi, St Cecilia's and St Mary's Christian convent schools
in Allahabad, the International School of Geneva, the Ecole Nouvelle in Bex, and the Pupils' Own School
in Poona and Bombay, which is affiliated to University of Mumbai. She and her mother Kamala
Nehru moved to Belur Math headquarters of Ramakrishna Mission where Swami Ranganathananda was
her guardian later she went on to study at the Vishwa Bharati in Santiniketan, which later in 1951
became Visva-Bharati University. It was during her interview that Rabindranath Tagore named
her Priyadarshini, literally "looking at everything with kindness" in Sanskrit, and she came to be known as
Indira Priyadarshini Nehru. A year later, however, she had to leave university to attend to her ailing mother
in Europe.[18] While there, it was decided that Indira would continue her education at the University of
Oxford. After her mother died, she briefly attended the Badminton School before enrolling at Somerville
College in 1937 to study history. Indira had to take the entrance examination twice, having failed at her first
attempt with a poor performance in Latin. At Oxford, she did well in history, political science and
economics, but her grades in Latin—a compulsory subject—remained poor. She did, however, have an
active part within the student life of the university, such as the Oxford Majlis Asian Society.
PAGMAMALASAKIT
Ipinasa ni:
JEREMIAS CARL P. DAVID
Ipinasa kay:
MRS. MARIVIC R. PANGILINAN

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Pope Francis

Saint Pedro Calungsod (Latin: Petrus Calungsod, Spanish: Pedro Calúñgsod or

Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu (born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, Albanian: 26 August

JEREMIAS CARL P. DAVID

MRS. MARIVIC R. PANGILINAN

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