Three-Phase Slip-Ring Induction Motor: Effects of Rotor Asymmetry
Three-Phase Slip-Ring Induction Motor: Effects of Rotor Asymmetry
Three-Phase Slip-Ring Induction Motor: Effects of Rotor Asymmetry
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Abstract: This work has developed a steady-state and Voltage equations are given by:
dynamic mathematical model of three phase slipring induction
dEd
motors with external impedance. Differential equations are
solved using computer simulation and data for an induction
cy1 = [RIP1 + 7 (3)
machine are obtained from laboratory tests. It is shown that where: m] = phase resistance matrix.
harmonics due to impedance asymmetry produce changes on
the electromagnetic torque and induce harmonic frequency B. Eiecpomagnetic torque equation
currents in the stator windings.
The electromagnetic torque can be obtained from energy
I. INTRODUCTION
equation:
The induction motor with unbalanced rotor resistances has
been studied for many years. There are extensive literature
about squirrel-cage induction machines. Obviously, this is due (4)
to its larger application in industrid systems. In contrast,,
there is comparatively little documentation on three-phase where: Te = electromagnetictorque,
slip-ring motors. p = pair of poles,
Nevertheless, large wound-rotor induction motors are 0 = rotor position electrical angle.
used where simple speed control is necessary and it is made
through external resistors COMCC~M~to the three-phase rotor Mutual inductance equations can be written as a function
winding. In this case the rotor asymmetry can be obtained of tetha. Now we can rewrite the electromagnetic torque as
through liquid resistances, where formation of air bubbles follows:
always lead to Merent resistances in the induction machine
rotor phases. Te = -Lmp{ia.(zAS,+i,S, +i,S,)+...
The present paper is directed towards a behavior analysis i6.(iAS3+i,S, +icS2)+...
of the wound-rotor induction motor taking into account
harmonic effects when rotor asymmetry occurs. Results of +
z., (zAS2 iBS3+ icS1)) (5)
tests made on an cxperimental motor are found and compared
with calculations. where: S1 = sin(0)
S2 = sin(@+ 2 d 3 )
11. MATHEMATICAL MODELING S3 = sin@ - 2 d 3 )
and
A. Linkage flux and voltage equations
i, ( t )= I , .cos(wt + ps)
Linkage flux equations are given by: i, ( t )= I,. C O S ( W ~+ ps- 2~ /’ 3)
A,=A,+iZ z,(f)=~,.cos(~t+p,+2~/3)
where: AT = total flux vector,
A d = leakagefluxvector, i, ( t ) = I , .cos(swt + pR)
h = mutualflux among phases. i B ( t )= IR .COS(SV~ + p R - 2~ / 3)
Differential equations are obtained as follows:
2, ( t )= IR .cos(swt + pR+ 2z/ 3)
0 1997 IEEE.
0-7803-3946-0/97/S1O.D0 MB1-1.1
s = rated slip, K, = h* harmonic winding factor of the "i" and
cps and (PR = stator and rotor arguments, windings,
Is and IR= stator and rotor phase current amplitudes. L;jl = amplitude of the fundamental inductances
between phases "i" and 'y.
C. Harmonic analysis The electromagnetic torque now becomes:
D2 = ~ - -KsRh
-sin[h(8+2i2/3)]
h h
'..-... ..-..,......'.
D3 = ~ - sKSRh
in[h(19-2i2/3)]
'i i h h
Figure 1. Generic coil disposition when obtaining flux linkage.
where S and R denotes stator and rotor respectively.
A, = Niq,cosa, Load torque in this case has a formulation dependent on
the square of the rotating speed as can be seen in equation
where: (10).
Ni = number of coil turns for phase "i",
(pi = flux of phase "j", T =A+B.W~ (10)
-
aa = (q Olj).
MB1-1.2
IV. CONCLUSIONS [2] L.M. Neto, B.P. de Alvarenga, C.H. Salem0 and J.R. Camacho, “Analysis of
the Induction Machine Includingthe Time and Spatial Harmonic Effects”, Power
Electronics, Motion Control and Asociated Applications Conference, Warsaw,
In this paper a mathematical model for computer Poland, 1994, p ~26-32.
.
simulation showing the behavior of slip-ring induction motor [3] P. Vas, “Steady State and TraaSient Performance of Induction Motors with
with balanced and unbalanced rotor windings was developed. Rotor Asymmetry”, IEEE TraasaCtions on PAS, Seppdember 1982, pp. 3246-
3251.
Laboratory tests were also performed to check the confidence [4] B.P. A l v a r a a ‘’Torque Computation Model for an Induction Machine
in the model. It was shown from the results presented that Including Effect of Winding and Saturation”, Msc dissertation, Universidade
rotor asymmeq due to operational aspects can produce Federai de Uberlhdia, Electrical Engineering Department,August 1993. In
Portuguese.
deterioration in the motor performance. That deterioration [5] H. L. Garbarino and Eric T. B. Gross, “The Goerges Phenomenon -
caused large oscillating torque. Stator induced harmonic Induction Motors with Unbalanced Rotor Impedances”, Trans. h e r , Inst.
frequency currents were considered in the simulation cases up E l m . Engr~,1950, Vol. 69, p ~ 1569-1575.
.
[6] S . Williamson and A C. Smah, “Steady-state Analysis of 3-phase Cage
to 25* harmonic. It is obvious to conclude that torque Motors with Rotor-Ehr and End-Ring Faults”, IEE Proc., May 1982, Vol. 129,
oscillations are function of current waveshape and from rotor NO.3, pp. 93-100.
asymmew considerations. [7] S. Williamson and M. A S. Abdel-Magied, “Steady-state Analysis of
Double-Cage Induction Motors with Rotor-Cage Faults”, IEE Proc.,July 1987,
Vol. 134, NO.4,p ~ 199-206.
.
I I I
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0 0.05 01 0.15 0.2
Time@) Timers]
Figure 3 - Experimental electromagnetictorque for symmetrical rotor condition. -
Figure 5 Experimental electromagnetic torque for the asymmetrical rotor case.
IV.REFERENCES
[I] M. Kostenko and L. Piotrovs?.i, Elecm.caZ Machines, Peace Publishem,
Second Printing, Moscow.
MB1-1.3