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Ways of Acquiring Knowledge and Solving Problems

The document discusses the definition and history of science. It defines science as a systematized body of knowledge derived from careful observation and experimentation. The Sumerians and Egyptians were among the first civilizations to begin explaining natural phenomena, while the Greeks are credited with developing scientific thinking and employing the scientific method. The scientific method involves making observations, formulating questions, developing hypotheses to test, conducting controlled experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. The document also distinguishes between pure science, which seeks knowledge for its own sake, and applied science, which uses scientific knowledge for practical purposes.

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1K views3 pages

Ways of Acquiring Knowledge and Solving Problems

The document discusses the definition and history of science. It defines science as a systematized body of knowledge derived from careful observation and experimentation. The Sumerians and Egyptians were among the first civilizations to begin explaining natural phenomena, while the Greeks are credited with developing scientific thinking and employing the scientific method. The scientific method involves making observations, formulating questions, developing hypotheses to test, conducting controlled experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. The document also distinguishes between pure science, which seeks knowledge for its own sake, and applied science, which uses scientific knowledge for practical purposes.

Uploaded by

reble lynx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ways of Acquiring Knowledge and Solving Problems

Science  systematized body of knowledge

 refers to a special field of information or knowledge organized in definite areas of study

Also may be defined as:

1. A systematized body of information derived from scientific method


2. A catalogue of observations or a list of information
3. A systematic way of explaining a wide range of phenomena in the simplest possible way
4. A vast body of knowledge contributed by people from different parts of the world, regardless of
sex, color, race, religion or political ideologies
5. A knowledge gained through careful observations of objects and events

Brief History of Science

* Man observes his ever-changing environment and he tries to explain these phenomena through stories.

Sumerians and Egyptians  first people to explain parts of the universe

Division of science:

 physical  sciences concerned with the study of inanimate natural objects, including physics,
chemistry, astronomy and related subjects
 believe to have originated in the observation of natural phenomena like the movements
of heavenly bodies, eclipses, etc.
 biological  science that studies living organisms
 must have begun with the observation of plants and animals

Greek civilization  began the development of science

 demonstrated scientific thinking and were credited for extensively employing the scientific

Method

Aristotle  the Great philosopher; first person to study nature systematically and laid the foundation of

the scientific method and scientific description of nature

Pure science and Applied science

pure science  refers to a knowledge gained from a scientific research which is conducted only for the

sake of acquiring knowledge

 considered as a basic research

applied science  a scientific knowledge that is used for some practical purposes

 also called technology

Example: Dr. Banzon studied local materials like biomass, agro-industrial wastes, coconut as a renewable

source of chemicals and fuels, and sugarcane as source of chemicals and fuels, and sugarcane
as source of ethyl esters. His work boosted local industry by harnessing the energy potential of
some local products.

Scientific Method  involves a series of steps for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge or

correcting and integrating previous knowledge

1. Observation  first step of the scientific method


 process of obtaining information using the senses

Ex. Grass seeds growing under a white (uncolored) bulb light


2. Formulating a question or problem definition  wondering why or how something occurs
Research  finding as much information regarding the problem through books, on the internet, and
by talking with experts to get the most information before experimenting starts

Ex. Does the color of a light bulb affect the growth of grass seeds?

3. Formulating the hypothesis


hypothesis  also referred to as “an educated guess”
 an informed guess to a possible answer of the question
 purpose: not to arrive at the perfect answer to the question but to provide a direction to
further scientific investigation

Ex. If I grow grass seeds under green light bulbs, then they will grow faster than plants growing

under red light bulbs

4. Conducting an Experiment
experiment  a way to test a hypothesis
 refers to the actual testing that is carefully designed, controlled and planned
 one of the most important steps in the scientific method that is used to prove a
hypothesis right or wrong and to formulate scientific theories (1. explains a group of
observations that are already been proven; 2. not a mere guess but a well-reasoned
explanation based on scientific facts but can still be subject to change; 3. supported
by convincing evidence supplied by independent researches)

law  accepted as being universal and are the cornerstones of science where it shows a pattern of

consistency

 proven and tested with countless experiments and scientists doing the same experiment and

has arrived with the same answer, thus, it is absolute and cannot be changed

Ex. Setting up grass seeds under a green light bulb and seeds under a red light and observe each

for a couple of weeks

independent and dependent variables

variable  any factor that can change in a scientific investigation

independent variable  factor that is purposely changed by the scientist themselves

Ex. Different colors of the light bulbs

dependent variable  changes as a result of the changes the scientist makes to the independent

variable

Ex. How much the grass seeds grow

control  part of the experiment that is not being tested and is used for comparison

Ex. Grass seed growing under the white (uncolored) bulb light

5. Data analysis  where taking down of notes on the results are made
 also where a series of trials are conducted to ensure that the results are constant
 determining what the results of the experiment show and deciding on the next
actions to take
6. Drawing of a Conclusion  last step of the scientific method that determines whether the
hypothesis determined is correct or the data gathered disproves it

 determine what to do next (if hypothesis is correct, the question or problem raised

is answered but if not, the scientific inquiry continues by doing research to form a
new hypothesis and then conducting another experiment to test it)
Ex. If the grass under the green light bulb grew faster, then the hypothesis drawn prior to the

experiment is correct but if it’s the other way around, the hypothesis is wrong.

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