6 Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers

6.1 Introduction resins are specified by ASTM Method D2116, which

also provides procedures or references to other ASTM
The present chapter covers information published methods for the measurement of resin properties. Com-
by resin manufacturers about the commercially avail- mercial FEP resins offered by major manufacturers
able grades of melt processible fluoropolymers. The have been listed in Tables 6.8 through 6.9.
first two polymers are perfluorinated resins, followed
by partially fluorinated polymers ethylene-tetrafluoro-
ethylene and ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, and poly- 6.4 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)
vinylidene fluoride and polyvinylfluoride, and finally
concluding with fluoroplastics polymerized in super- PVDF polymers are partially fluorinated and melt
critical carbon dioxide. Commercially available resins processible. They have a lower melting point and
have been classified by type, grade, and manufacturer. chemical resistance than perfluorinated fluoropolymers.
Properties of commercial grades have been presented Polyvinylidene fluoride resins are, in general, homo-
in this chapter based on the literature published by the and co-polymers of vinylidene fluoride. PVDF resins
manufacturers. are specified by ASTM Method D3222, which also
provides procedures or references to other ASTM meth-
ods for the measurement of resin properties. Commer-
6.2 Perfluoroalkoxy Polymer (PFA) cial PVDF resins offered by major manufacturers have
been listed in Tables 6.10 through 6.14.
PFA polymers are fully fluorinated and melt pro-
cessible. They have chemical resistance and thermal
stability comparable to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). 6.5 Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene
Melt viscosity of PFA is over one million times lower Polymer (ETFE)
than PTFE. Perfluoroalkoxy resins are in general co-
polymers of tetrafluoroethylene with one or more of ETFE polymers are melt processible. Commercial
perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether comonomers. Commercial ETFE is a copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoro-
examples of the latter include perfluoromethyl vinyl ethylene. They have lower chemical resistance and ther-
ether (PMVE), perfluoroethyl vinyl ether (PEVE), and mal stability than perfluorinated polymers. ETFE ex-
perfluoropropyl vinyl ether (PPVE). PFA resins are hibits excellent resistance to radiation and can stand
specified by ASTM Method D3307, which also pro- up to 200 megarads of exposure to cobalt 60. It is a
vides procedures or references to other ASTM meth- tough thermoplastic available in different viscosities,
ods for the measurement of resin properties. Commer- which can be processed by techniques applicable to
cial PFA resins offered by major manufacturers have polyethylene. ETFE resins are specified by ASTM
been listed in Tables 6.1 through 6.7. Method D3159, which also provides procedures or ref-
erences to other ASTM methods for the measurement
of resin properties. Commercial FEP resins offered by
6.3 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene major manufacturers have been listed in Tables 6.15
Polymer (FEP) through 6.18.

FEP polymers are fully fluorinated and melt pro-

cessible. They have chemical resistance comparable to 6.6 Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Melt viscosity of FEP Polymer (ECTFE)
is over one million times lower than PTFE. Fluorinated
ethylene propylene resins are in general copolymers of ECTFE polymers are melt processible. Commer-
tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene and pos- cial ECTFE is a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene
sibly one or more other comonomers. Commercial ex- and chlorotrifluoroethylene. They have lower chemi-
amples of the latter include perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether cal resistance and thermal stability than
(PAVE), such perfluoroethyl vinyl ether (PEVE). FEP perfluorinated polymers. ECTFE exhibits excellent

© Plastics Design Library Ch. 6: Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers

124

resistance to radiation and can stand up to 200 6.9 Fluoroplastic Films

megarads of exposure to cobalt 60.[61]. It is a tough
thermoplastic available in different viscosity, which can Almost every fluoropolymer is converted into high
be processed by techniques applicable to polyethylene. performance films by melt extrusion. The films have
Commercial ECTFE resins offered by Ausimont have unique combinations of properties that include high
been listed in Tables 6.19 through 6.20. temperature resistance, high strength, good chemical
resistance, and a variety of specialized properties. Ex-
amples and properties of available commercial fluo-
6.7 Terpolymer Fluoroplastics ropolymer films, which include release, one-side
adherable, and two-side adherable products, are de-
Terpolymers of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropro- scribed in this section. FEP film, used for both lamina-
pylene, and vinylidene fluoride have been found to have tion and release applications, is specified by ASTM
unique properties and processing advantages. They Method D3368, as shown in Table 6.23. Tables 6.24
usually possess lower melting temperature than other and 6.25 provide information about FEP film dimen-
fluoropolymers, flexibility, resistance to a number of sions and properties. Tables 6.26 and 6.27 show the
chemicals, permeation resistance to fuels, and a num- properties of PFA and ETFE films.
ber of other desirable attributes.[62] These terpolymers Oriented films are available that have been
are offered by Dyneon as THV Thermoplastics and stretched in the machine direction. The uniaxial orien-
are listed in Tables 6.21 and 6.22. tation has some reinforcement effect on the film in the
transverse direction. Tables 6.28 through 6.30 give the
characteristics and properties of these PFA and ETFE
films, which are available in one or two side adherable,
6.8 Polyvinyl Fluoride (PVF)
and dimensionally stabilized (by heat) grades. A com-
parison of tensile strength data from Tables 6.26 and
The only known commercial producer of polyvi-
6.27 with those in Table 6.30 provides an appreciation
nyl fluoride is DuPont Company. Tedlar® is DuPont’s
for the impact of PFA and ETFE film orientation.
trademark for oriented and unoriented films and three
Tables 6.31 and 6.33 show dimensions and prop-
grades of PVF resin for special coatings applica-
erties of partially fluorinated fluoroplastic films. These
tions.[63] PVF films are tough, durable, preformed poly-
films are available with different surface finishes such
vinyl fluoride films that are manufactured in continu-
as one side polished, Haircell, or dull. Films with both
ous rolls. PVF films can be oriented or nonoriented.
sides polished or matte are also available.
Film thickness can range from 12.5 to 75 µm and can
be treated for adherability or left untreated for release
applications.
Oriented films are available[63] in more than 150 6.10 Nonaqueous Polymerization
standard variations of opaque pigmented, translucent, Media Fluoroplastics
and transparent films, and can range from a high ten-
sile strength, high flex variety (Type 1) to a high elon- During the printing of this volume, DuPont Com-
gation, high tear resistance (Type 5) variety. pany announced the introduction of the first genera-
Nonoriented Tedlar® SP films (Types 8 and 9) of- tion of perfluoroplastics produced by a new process
fer excellent conformability to almost any shape or sub- called Process G. This process utilizes supercritical
strate while maintaining the durability, chemical resis- carbon dioxide as the polymerization medium in con-
tance, and ease of cleaning expected of PVF film.[63] trast to water or organic solvents. The reader can find
Nonoriented films are available as multilayer films a review of this technology in Sec. 5.10 of this book.
without adhesives or heat sealing. Multilayer technol- There are key advantages of Process G relative to aque-
ogy allows for effects such as pearlescent or metallic ous medium polymerization.
colors. The Tedlar ® SP process allows a pigmented 1. Operational safety
base layer to be covered with an integral clear top layer.
2. Elimination of an aqueous medium that
Coatings made with PVF resins must be formu-
has to be treated prior to discharge
lated with organic solvents and must be processed with
heat in excess of 199°C (390°F) to ensure adequate 3. New technological platform for novel
film formation. products

Ch. 6: Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers © Plastics Design Library

 125

4. Fluoropolymers can be tailored for spe- of these companies varies widely. Similarly, their manu-
cific applications facturing bases range from domestic to international.
The last of these advantages is perhaps the most sig- Table.6.35 provides information about the major manu-
nificant. facturers of fluoropolymers. DuPont, Asahi Glass-ICI,
Table 6.34 presents the typical properties of Daikin, Ausimont, and Atofina have production facili-
DuPont Process G products for a number of processes ties in the United States and overseas. Dyneon and
and applications including general extrusion, molding, Ausimont mostly produce fluoroplastics in their home
films, heater cables, and heat shrink tubing. countries and export them.
Some of these fluoropolymers are also manufac-
tured in small quantities by companies in Russia
(Fluoroplast®) and the People’s Republic of China.
6.11 Melt Processible Fluoropolymer
These countries consume the majority of their produc-
Manufacturers tion locally. Little reliable information is available about
the types and properties of these resins.
Several major manufactures offer one or more of
melt processible fluoroplastics. The business domain

Table 6.1. Properties of DuPont PFA Resins[1]-[20]

Dielectric
Melt Flow Melting Tensile Elongation at Constant at Dissipation
®
Rate, Point, Specific Factor at 23°C,
Teflon Strength at Break at
Gravity 23°C,
g/10 min °C 23°C, MPa 23°C, % 10 2-106 Hz
102-106 Hz
340 14 302-310 2.12-2.17 25 300 2.03 0.0001
340T 14 302-310 2.12-2.17 25 300 2.03 0.0001
345 4.1-8.9 305 2.15 29 300 2.1 0.0002-0.001
350 2 302-310 2.12-2.17 28 300 2.03 0.0001
350T 2 302-310 2.12-2.17 28 300 2.03 0.0001
340J 14 302-310 2.12-2.17 27 400 2.03 0.0001
345J 5 302-310 2.12-2.17 29 380 2.1 0.0002-0.001
350J 2 302-310 2.12-2.17 29 350 2.03 0.0001
440HP(B) 12-15 302-310 2.12-2.17 25 300 2.03 0.0001
440HP(A) 15-18 302-310 2.12-2.17 25 300 2.03 0.0001
440HP(D) 18-21 302-310 2.12-2.17 25 300 2.03 0.0001
445HP 5 302-310 2.12-2.17 26.2 320 2.1 0.0001
450HP 2 302-310 2.12-2.17 28 300 2.03 0.0001
420HP-J 25-38 302-310 2.13-2.18 29 390 2.03 0.0001
440HP-J 12-18 302-310 2.12-2.17 27 400 2.03 0.0001
445HP-J 5 302-310 2.12-2.17 29 380 2.1 0.0001
450HP-J 2 302-310 2.12-2.17 33 360 2.03 0.0001
451HP-J 2 302-312 2.12-2.17 33 360 2.03 0.0001
1
TE-7016 6 310 2.15 25 330 2.03 0.0001
2
9724 12 302-310 2.15 25 330 2.03 0.0001
2
9725 2 302-310 2.12-2.17 26.2 300 2.03 0.0001
1 Rotation molding powder. 2 Loosely compacted fluff.

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Table 6.2. Properties of DuPont Semiconductive PFA Resins[21]

Melt Flow Melting Tensile Strength at Elongation at Volume

Specific
Teflon® Rate, Point, 23°C, Break at 23°C, Resistivity,
Gravity
g/10 min °C MPa % Ω cm
C 510 17.7 302-310 2.12–2.17 19 100 5–10
C 560 7.6 302-310 2.12–2.17 19 250 5–10
C 580 1.2 302-310 2.12–2.17 19 250 15–25
C 980 1.8-2.5 280 2.10–2.15 22 225 15–25

Table 6.3. Properties of DuPont PFA HP Plus Resins[22]

Tensile Dielectric Dissipation

Melt Flow Melting Elongation
Teflon® Specific Strength Constant at Factor at
Rate, Point, at Break at
HP Plus Gravity at 23°C, 23°C, 23°C,
g/10 min °C 23°C, %
MPa 10 2-106 Hz 10 -106 Hz
2

940 14-19 285-300 2.12-2.17 28 320 2.02-2.08 <0.0003

945 3-10 285-300 2.12-2.17 26 275 2.02-2.08 <0.0003
950 1.7-3 285-300 2.12-2.17 28 265 2.02-2.08 <0.0003
RM1 17-26 285-300 2.15 27 780 - -

Table 6.4. Properties of Asahi-ICI PFA Resins[23]

Tensile Elongation Dielectric Dissipation

Melt Flow Melting
® Specific Strength at at Break at Constant at Factor at
Aflon Rate, Point,
Gravity 23°C, 23°C, 23°C, 23°C,
g/10 min °C
MPa % 102-106 Hz 102-106 Hz
P-66P 1-3 305-315 2.12-2.17 39 340 <2.1 <0.0003
P-63P 7-18 305-315 2.12-2.17 32 410 <2.1 <0.0003
P-62XP 24-36 305-310 2.12-2.17 32 410 <2.1 <0.0003

Table 6.5 Properties of Dyneon PFA Resins[24]

Tensile Elongation Dielectric Dissipation

Melt Flow Melting
Dyneon Specific Strength at at Break at Constant at Factor at
Rate, Point,
PFA Gravity 23°C, 23°C, 23°C, 23°C,
g/10 min °C
MPa % 102-106 Hz 102-10 6 Hz
PFA 6502N 2.1 308 2.15 30 380 2.1 0.00009
PFA 6505N 4.6 308 2.15 30 410 2.1 0.00009
PFA 6510N 10 308 2.15 27 450 2.1 0.00009
PFA 6515N 15 308 2.15 26 450 2.1 0.00009

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Table 6.6. Properties of Daikin PFA Resins[25]

Tensile Elongation Dielectric

Melt Flow Melting Dissipation Particle
® Specific Strength at Break at Constant
Neoflon Rate, Point, Factor at 23°C, Size,
Gravity at 23°C, 23°C, at 23°C,
g/10 min °C 102-106 Hz µm
MPa % 102-106 Hz
AP-201 18-30 301 2.14-2.16 21.6 300 - - -

AP-201SH 20-30 301 2.14-2.16 21.6 300 - - -

AP-210 10-17 300-310 2.14-2.16 25.4-30.4 350-450 2.1 0.00001-0.0003 -

AP-211 10-18 302-310 2.12-2.17 27.4-30.9 280-300 2.1 0.00001-0.0003 -

AP-211SH 14 304 2.14-2.16 33.3 420 2.1 0.00001-0.0003 -

AP-215SH 10-17 300-310 2.14-2.16 25.4-30.4 350-450 - - -

AP-230 1.5-2.5 300-310 2.14-2.16 30.4-34.3 300-400 2.1 0.00001-0.0003 -

AP-231 1.5-3.0 302-310 2.12-2.17 27.4-30.9 280-300 2.1 0.00001-0.0003 -

AP-231SH 1.9 305 2.14-2.16 32.4 370 2.1 0.00001-0.0003 20-90

AP-238SG 2 303 2.14-2.16 37 370 - - 20-90

AC-55001 1-7 303-313 - - - - - 20-70

AC-55391 1-7 303-313 - - - - - 20-70

AC-56001 1-7 303-313 - - - - - 20-70

1
Coating powder.

Table 6.7. Properties of Ausimont PFA Resins[26][27]

Tensile Elongation Dielectric

Melt Flow Melting Constant at 23°C Dissipation
Specific Strength at Break at
Hyflon® Rate, Point, Factor at
Gravity at 23°C, 23°C,
g/10 min °C 50 Hz 100 Hz 23°C 103 Hz
MPa %

MFA 620 2-5 280-290 2.12-2.17 28-36 300-360 2.0 1.95 <0.0002

PFA 420 1-3 >300 2.12-2.17 28-34 300-360 2.1 2.05 0.0002

MFA 640 10-17 280-290 2.12-2.17 24-30 300-360 2.0 1.95 <0.0002

PFA 450 10-17 >300 2.12-2.17 26-32 300-360 2.1 2.05 0.0002

MFA 6010 1 10-17 280-290 2.12-2.17 - - - - -

PFA 70101 10-17 280-290 2.12-2.17 - - - - -

1
Powder form.

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Table 6.8. Properties of DuPont FEP Resins[28]-[42]

Tensile Elongation at Dielectric

Melt Flow Melting Dissipation
® Specific Strength at Break at Constant at
Teflon Rate, Point, Factor at 23°C,
Gravity 23°C, 23°C, 23°C,
g/10 min °C 102-106 Hz
MPa % 106 Hz
100 7 255-265 2.13-2.17 23 325 2.02 0.0007
140 2.8 266 2.14 31 345 2.05-2.06 0.0003-0.0006
160 1.2 263 2.14 34 320 2.05 0.0003-0.0006
5100 22 264 - 21 310 2.01 0.00006-0.0005
5101 22 255-265 2.13-2.17 23 350 2.02 0.0007
TE-9050 7 255-265 2.13-2.17 23 325 2.02 0.0007
CJ-95N 5 255 2.12-2.17 26 300 2.02 0.0007
100N 6.4-7.2 265 2.14 21 300 2.1 0.0002-0.001
TE-9302N 3 255 2.12-2.17 30 300 - 0.0002-0.001
TE-9335N 5 255 2.12-2.17 26 300 2.1 0.0002-0.001
100J 7 255-265 2.13-2.17 27 380 2.02 0.0007
140J 3 255-265 2.13-2.17 31 360 2.02 0.0007
5100J 22 255-265 2.13-2.17 25 370 2.01 0.0005
1
CX5010 6.4-7.5
2
FR5020 19-25
2
FR5030 19-25
1
CX5010N 6.4-7.5
1 Foam-grade FEP pellets based on Teflon® 100 and a nucleant system.
2 Foam-grade FEP pellets based on Teflon® 5100 and a nucleant system.

Table 6.9. Properties of Daikin FEP Resins[25]

Tensile Elongation Dielectric

Melt Flow Apparent Melting Dissipation Particle
® Specific Strength at Break at Constant
Neoflon Rate, Density, Point, Factor at 23°C, Size,
Gravity at 23°C, 23°C, at 23°C, 2 6
g/10 min g/ml °C 10 -10 Hz µm
MPa % 102-106 Hz
NP-12X 15.6-20 1.2 245-255 2.12-2.17 19.6-34.3 300-400 2.1 0.00006-0.0005 -

NP-20 4.5-8.5 1.2 265-275 2.12-2.17 19.6-34.3 300-400 2.1 0.00006-0.0005 -

NP-21 5-7.5 1.2 270 2.15 18.6-21.6 250-330 2.1 0.00006-0.0005 -

NP-30 2-3.5 1.2 265-275 2.12-2.17 19.6-34.3 300-400 2.1 0.00006-0.0005 -
NP-40 0.75-1.8 1.2 265-275 2.12-2.17 19.6-34.3 300-400 2.1 0.00006-0.0005 -
NP-101 21-27 - 250-260 2.12-2.17 19.6-34.3 300-400 - - -
NP-120 6 - 260 2.12-2.17 31 371 - - -
NP-130 2.8 - 255 2.12-2.17 32.1 374 - - -
1
NC-1500 0.8-1.5 0.45-0.65 265-275 - - - - - 20-90
2,3
NC-1539 0.8-1.5 0.45-0.65 265-275 - - - - - 20-90
1 Coating powder. 2 Black color. 3 Rotomolding powder.

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Table 6.10. Properties of Ausimont PVDF Resins[43]

Apparent Impact Resistance at

Tensile Elongation
Melt Viscosity Melting Flex 23°C, J/m
Specific Strength at at Break at
Hylar® @ 232°C, Point,
23°C, 23°C,
Modulus,
@ 100 sec-1, Gravity
°C GPa Notched Unnotched
MPa %
kpoise Izod Izod

460/461 24.5-29 162 1.75-1.77 44-50 50-250 1.5 106-212 800-2,000

MP-10/10-1 8-12 165-168 1.77-1.79 51-57 50-250 2 100-200 >1,500

MP-20/20-1 12-21 165-168 1.77-1.79 49-55 50-250 2 100-200 No break

50001 29-33 156-160 1.75-1.76 - - - - -

5000HG1 18-21 164-167 1.75-1.76 - - - - -

301F 2 29-33 - - - - - - -

Table 6.10. (Cont’d.)

Volume Dielectric Dielectric Constant at 23°C Dissipation Factor at 23°C Particle size,
® Resistivity, Strength (3.2 (Hegman3
Hylar mm thickness), 60 Hz 103 Hz 106 Hz 60 Hz 103 Hz 106 Hz grind,
Ω·cm kV/mm dispersion)

460/461 1.1×10 15 10.4 7.2 7.3 6.0 0.03 0.015 0.16 -

MP-10/10-1 1.1×10 15 13 6.9 6.6 5.6 0.035 0.013 0.158 -

MP-20/20-1 1.1×10 15 12.4 6.8 6.9 6.0 0.032 0.013 0.158 -

50001 5.5B

5000HG1 5.5B

301F 2 -
1 Powder form for architectural coatings.
2 Powder for coating applications.
3 Per ASTM Method D1210.

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Table 6.11. Properties of Atofina PVDF Resins[44]

Impact Resistance at
Tensile Elongation at Flex Compressive 23°C, J/m
Melting Specific
Kynar® Strength at Break at Modulus, Strength at
Point, °C Gravity Notched Unnotched
23°C, MPa 23°C, % GPa 23°C, MPa
Izod Izod
Homopolymer

460 155-160 1.75-1.77 31-52 50-250 1.14-1.79 55-69 107-214 800-2,140

710 165-170 1.77-1.79 31-45 50-250 1.17-2.24 69-110 160-427 1,068-4,270

720 165-170 1.77-1.79 31-45 50-250 1.17-2.24 69-110 160-427 1,068-4,270

730 165-170 1.77-1.79 31-45 50-250 1.17-2.24 69-110 160-427 1,068-4,270

740 165-170 1.77-1.79 31-45 50-250 1.17-2.24 69-110 160-427 1,068-4,270

760 165-170 1.77-1.79 31-45 50-250 1.17-2.24 69-110 160-427 1,068-4,270

Copolymer (Kynar® Flex)

3120-50 166 - - >100 0.69 - - -

2850 158 - - >50 1.0 - - -

2800 142 - - >100 0.65 - - -

Table 6.11. (Cont’d.)

1
Dielectric Dielectric Dissipation Apparent Flow Rate,
Volume Strength Constant at 23°C Factor at 23°C g/10 min @ 232°C
Kynar® Resistivity, (0.125 mm
Ω·cm thickness), Load, 12.5 Load, 21.6
10 2 Hz 10 5 Hz 102 Hz 105 Hz
kV/mm kg kg
Homopolymer

460 1.5×1014 67 10.14 9.05 0.051 0.050 0.9-2.3 4-11

710 1.5×1014 63 - - - - 18-481 -

720 1.5×1014 63 8.30 7.85 0.030 0.052 49-123 11-301

730 1.5×1014 63 9.98 9.20 0.036 0.039 14-24 51-85

740 1.5×1014 63 8.55 8.20 0.034 0.058 6-9 23-33

760 1.5×1014 63 10.46 9.61 0.040 0.044 3-4.5 12-17

Copolymer (Kynar® Flex)

3120-50 2.0×1014 - 7.5-10.5 - 0.02-0.05 - - -

2850 2.0×1014 - 7.5-10.5 - 0.02-0.05 - - -

2800 2.3×1014 - 7.5-10.5 - 0.02-0.05 - - -

1At a load of 5 kg.

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Table 6.12. Properties of Solvay PVDF Homopolymers Resins[45]

Melt Flow Tensile Elongation Impact

Melting Flex Tensile
® Index Specific Strength at at Break at Resistance at
Solef Point, Modulus, Modulus,
(at 230°C, Gravity 23°C, 23°C, 23°C, J/m
°C GPa GPa
5 kg) MPa % Notched Izod
1008 8 174 1.78 35-50 20-50 2.2 2.6 55

1010 2 174 1.78 35-50 20-50 2.1 2.5 110

1012 0.5 174 1.78 35-50 20-50 2 2.4 150

1015 - 174 1.78 35-50 20-50 2 2.3 385

Table 6.13. Properties of Solvay PVDF Copolymers (Vinylidenefluoride and Hexafluoropropylene) Resins[45]

Tensile Strength Elongation at

® Melt Flow Index Melting Point,
Solef Specific Gravity at 23°C, Break at 23°C,
(at 230, 5kg) °C
MPa %
11008 8 160 1.78 20-40 200-600

11010 2 160 1.78 20-40 200-600

20810 2 150 1.78 20-40 600-750

21508 8 135 1.78 20-40 600-750

Table 6.13. (Cont’d.)

Impact
® Flex Modulus, Tensile Modulus, Resistance at Volume Resistivity, Surface Resistivity,
Solef
MPa MPa 23°C, J/m Ω•cm Ω/square
Notched Izod
11008 1,000 1,100 125 >1014 >1014

11010 900 1,050 170 >1014 >1014

20810 600-900 600-900 80 >1014 >1014

21508 360-440 360-480 180 >1014 >1014

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Table 6.14. Properties of Solvay PVDF Copolymers (Vinylidenefluoride and Chlorotrifluoroethylene) Resins [45]

® Melt Flow Index Tensile Strength at Elongation at

Solef Melting Point, °C Specific Gravity
(at 230, 5 kg) 23°C, MPa Break at 23°C, %

31008 5 168 1.76 >14-30 350-600

31508 5 168 1.76 14-30 350-600

32008 5 168 1.75 14-30 350-600

Table 6.14. (Cont’d.)

Flex Tensile Impact Resistance Volume Resistivity, Surface Resistivity,

Solef® Modulus, Modulus, at 23°C, J/m,
Ω.cm Ω /square
MPa GPa Notched Izod

31008 850 800 520 5×1014 3×1014

31508 425 500 400 5×1014 3×1014

32008 200 200 No Break 1.6×1015 2.8×1014

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Table 6.15. Properties of DuPont ETFE Resins[46]-[60]

Melt Flow Tensile Elongation Dielectric Dissipation

® Melting Specific
Tefzel Rate, Strength at at Break Constant at Factor at 23°C,
Point, °C Gravity
g/10 min 23°C, MPa 23°C, % 23°C, 106 Hz 102 Hz 106 Hz
200 7 255-280 1.7 45 300 2.5-2.6 0.00308

207 30 250-280 1.7 40 300 2.6-2.8 0.009

210 20 255-280 1.7 40 300 2.5-2.6 0.0054

280 4 255-280 1.7 40 300 2.5-2.6 0.0072

750 7 255-280 1.75-1.79 38 300 - -

HT-2127 7 245-250 1.75-1.79 38 300 - -

HT-21601 2.3 255-280 1.7 34.5 300 - -

HT-21671 2.3 255-280 1.7 34.5 300 - -

HT-21701 2.3 220-250 1.7 27.6 200 - -

HT-2181 6 255-280 1.7 40 300 2.5-2.6 0.006

HT-2183 6 255-280 1.7 40 300 2.5-2.6 0.007

HT-2185 11 255-280 1.7 40 300 2.5-2.6 0.0054

HT-2190 11.4 255 1.70 - - - -

HT-2195 20 253 1.72 - - - -

HT-20002 7 255-280 - 41.4 300 2.6 0.007

HT-20102 3 255-280 - 41.4 300 2.6 0.007

HT-20202 45 255-280 - 41.4 300 2.6 0.007

HT-21822 5 255-280 - 41.4 300 2.6 0.007

HT-21842 5 255-280 - 41.4 300 2.6 0.007

HT-22023 7 250 1.7 35 250 - -

1 Static dissipating semiconductive resin (volume resistivity of 7 Ω•cm). 2 Powder form. 3 Has good adhesion to polyamide.

© Plastics Design Library Ch. 6: Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers

134

Table 6.16. Properties of Daikin ETFE Resins[25]

Melt Flow Rate, Melting Point, Tensile Strength Elongation at Break

Neoflon® Specific Gravity
g/10 min °C at 23°C, MPa at 23°C, %

EP-521 8-16 260-270 1.72-1.76 42-47 420-450

EP-541 4-8 260-270 1.72-1.76 42-47 420-450

EP-543 4-9.5 250-265 1.72-1.76 40-50 330-500

EP-610 25-35 218-228 1.83-1.88 28-33 300-400

EP-620 9-18 218-228 1.83-1.88 28-33 300-400

Table 6.17. Properties of Asahi-ICI ETFE Resins[23]

Dielectric Dissipation
Melt Flow Tensile Elongation Constant at Factor at
Melting Specific
Aflon® LM Rate, g/10 Strength at at Break at 23°C, 23°C,
Point, °C Gravity
min 23°C, MPa 23°C, % 103 Hz 103 Hz
106 Hz 106 Hz
2.4 0.007
LM-720A 10-20 225 1.78 43 380
2.4 0.0082

2.4 0.007
LM-730A 20-30 225 1.78 40 400
2.4 0.0082

2.4 0.007
LM-740A 30-40 225 1.78 38 420
2.4 0.0082

COP 2.5 0.007

12 260 1.74 46 430
(C-88AX)
2.5 0.0082

Ch. 6: Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers © Plastics Design Library

 135

Table 6.18. Description of Asahi-ICI ETFE Resins[23]

®
Aflon COP Filler Form

C-55A none Pellets

C-88A none Pellets

C-55AX none Pellets

C-88AX none Pellets

C-88AXM none Pellets

GF-8025 T Glass fiber 25% Pellets

CF-5020-2 Carbon fiber 20% Pellets

Carbon fiber 10%

CF-8011 Pellets
Molybdenum disulfide 10%

Z-8820X none Powder, average particle size 20 µm

Z-885A none Powder, average particle size 50 µm

Carbon fiber 20%

ZL-520N Pellets
Carbon fiber 5%

Carbon fiber 20%

ZL-521N Pellets
Carbon fiber 5%

ZH-885B Special Filler (proprietary) Pellets

TL-581 none Powder, average particle size 200 µm

CLD-10-100 Color pigment bath Color master batch

© Plastics Design Library Ch. 6: Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers

136

Table 6.19. Properties of Ausimont Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) Polymers[61]

Melt Flow Tensile Elongation at Impact Resistance, J/m

Melting Specific
Halar® Rate, Strength at Break at Notched Izod Notched Izod
Point,°C Gravity
g /10 min 23°C, MPa 23°C, % @ 23°C @ 40°C
300 2 240 1.68±0.05 54 250 No break 122
500 18 240 1.68±0.05 46 260 No break 64
901 1.68±0.05 No break 122
6014 1.68±0.05 No break 48

Table 6.19. (Cont’d.)

Heat Distortion Dielectric Dissipation Factor Dielectric Strength,

Temperature, °C Constant at 23°C at 23°C V/mm Radiation
®
Halar Resistance,
0.46 MPa 1.82 MPa 0.025 mm 3.18 mm
10 3 Hz 106 Hz 103 Hz 106 Hz rad
Stress Stress Thickness Thickness
300 90 63 2.50 2.59 0.0016 0.014 80 14 2×108
500 92 67 2.47 2.57 0.0014 0.013 80 14 2×108
901 90 63 2.50 2.59 0.0016 0.014 80 14 2×108
6014 - - 2.50 2.57 0.0017 0.017 80 14 2×108

Table 6.20. Description of Ausimont Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) Polymers[61]

Halar® Melt Viscosity Melt Index, g/10 min Form

901LC High 1 Pellets

801 High 1 Pellets
300LC Intermediate 2 Pellets
350LC Intermediate 4 Pellets
930LC Intermediate 4.5 Pellets
840 Intermediate 12 Pellets
812 Low 12 Micropellets
500LC Low 18 Pellets
513LC Low 18 Pellets
558 Low 18 Pellets
6014 Low 12 Powder
5504 Low 12 Powder
6614 Low 12 Powder
8014 Low 12 Powder
5004, 5005 Low 12 Powder
1450LC Very Low 50 Powder

Ch. 6: Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers © Plastics Design Library

 137

Table 6.21. Properties of Dyneon THV Fluorothermoplastics[62]

Tensile Elongation at
THV Melt Flow Rate, Melting Specific
Strength at Break at
Fluorothermoplastics g /10 min (at 260°C, 5kg) Point, °C Gravity
23°C, MPa 23°C, %
200 20 115-125 1.95 24 600
400 10 150-160 1.97 23 500
500 10 165-180 1.98 23 500

Table 6.21. (Cont’d.)

THV Dielectric Constant at 23°C

Flex Modulus, MPa Hardness, Shore D
Fluorothermoplastics 102 Hz 107 Hz
200 83 44 6.6 4.6
400 NA 53 5.9 4.1
500 207 54 5.6 3.9

Table 6.22. Description of Dyneon THV Table 6.23. FEP Film Specification According to
Fluorothermoplastics[62] the ASTM D3368-94

THV Melt Range, Type Grade

Form Type Grade
Fluorothermoplastics °C Description Description

200P 115–125 Powder I General Purpose - -

One Side
200G 115–125 Granules II Cementable Film 1
Cementable
Aqueous
330R 140–150 Two Side
Dispersion 2
Cementable

Aqueous Specialty Film

350C 140–150
Dispersion (high flex life,
III high temperature - -
400G 150–160 Granules and demanding
chemical service)
500G 165–180 Granules
IV Mold Release - -

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138

Table 6.24. Dimensional Characteristics and Properties of Teflon ® FEP Films made by DuPont[64]

Nominal Film Thickness, µm

Property 12.5 25 50 75 125 187.5 250 500
Nominal Area Factor,
36.1 18.1 9.0 6.0 3.6 2.4 1.8 0.9
m2/kg
AC Dielectric
160 160 140 120 100 80 72 56
Strength, kV/mm
Max. Dielectric
Constant at 25°C and 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15
1 kHz
Max. Dissipation
Factor at 25°C and 1 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003
kHz
Min. Volume
Resistivity at 170°C, 1017 1017 1017 1017 1017 1017 1017 1017
Ω•cm
Min. Surface
Resistivity at 23°C
and 38% Relative 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015
Humidity, Ω per
Square
Tensile Strength at
13.8 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2
25°C, MPa
Elongation at Break
175 200 250 250 250 250 250 250
at 25°C, %
Max. Shrinkage1 at
200°C, %
MD ±5 ±5 ±3 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2
TD ±5 ±5 ±3 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2
2
Peel Strength on
ASTM D 3368 Type 67 119 298 317 794 794 1,190 -
II Films, g/cm
Melting Point, °C 260-280 260-280 260-280 260-280 260-280 260-280 260-280 260-280
3
Density, g/cm 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17
ASTM D 3368 Class
Type I, II Type I, II Type I, II Type I, II Type I, II Type I, II Type I, II Type I, II
Availability

1 Average of five measurements on freely suspended pieces of film (10 cm × 10 cm) in an air oven at 200°C for 30 minutes.
2 Film is adhered to aluminum (Aldine #1200, 0.48 mm thick) sheet using DuPont adhesive #68040 (acrylic-based). Peel
strength is measured by peel test at 180° angle at a rate of 30 cm/min.

Ch. 6: Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers © Plastics Design Library

 139

Table 6.25. Dimensional Characteristics and Properties of Teflon® FEP Films made by DuPont[64]

Nominal Film Thickness, mm

Property 0.125 0.25 0.375 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.5 1.875 2.25 3.125
Nominal Area
3.6 1.8 1.35 0.9 0.675 0.45 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.144
Factor, m2/kg
AC Dielectric
100 72 60 56 - - - - - -
Strength, kV/mm
Max. Dielectric
Constant at 25°C 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 - - - - - -
and 1 kHz
Max. Dissipation
Factor at 25°C and 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 - - - - - -
1 kHz
Min. Volume
Resistivity at 1017 1017 1017 10 17 - - - - - -
170°C, Ω•cm
Min. Surface
Resistivity at 23°C
and 38% Relative 1015 1015 1015 10 15 - - - - - -
Humidity, Ω per
Square
Tensile Strength at
17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2
25°C, MPa
Elongation at Break
250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
at 25°C, %
Max. Shrinkage1 at
200°C, %
MD ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±4 ±4 ±4 ±4 ±5 ±5
TD ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±4 ±4 ±4 ±4 ±5 ±5
Melting Point, °C 260–280 260–280 260–280 260–280 260–280 260–280 260–280 260–280 260–280 260–280
3
Density, g/cm 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17 2.13-2.17
ASTM D 3368
Type IV Type IV Type IV Type IV Type IV Type IV Type IV Type IV Type IV Type IV
Class Availability

1 Average of five measurements on freely suspended pieces of film (10 cm × 10 cm) in an air oven at 200°C for 30 minutes.

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140

Table 6.26. Dimensional Characteristics and Properties of Teflon® PFA Films made by DuPont[65]

Nominal Film Thickness, mm

Property
0.0125 0.025 0.05 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.5 2.25 3.125
Nominal Area Factor,
36.1 18.1 9.0 3.6 2.5 1.8 0.90 0.60 0.30 0.20 0.14
m2/kg
AC Dielectric
120 120 108 72 64 56 40 - - -
Strength, kV/mm
Max. Dielectric
Constant at 25°C and 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15
1 kHz
Max. Dissipation
Factor at 25°C and 1 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005
kHz
Min. Volume
Resistivity at 170°C, 10 16 1016 10 16 10 16 1016 1016 1016 1016 1016 1016 1016
Ω·cm
Min. Surface
Resistivity at 23°C
and 38% Relative 10 15 1015 10 15 10 15 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015
Humidity, Ω per
Square
Tensile Strength at
13.8 13.8 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2
25°C, MPa
Elongation at Break
150 150 200 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
at 25°C, %
Max. Shrinkage1 at
200°C, %
MD ±5 ±5 ±3 ±3 ±3 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2
TD ±5 ±5 ±3 ±3 ±3 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2
Min. Tear Strength,
600 600 800 1,000 1,000 1,600 1,600 - - - -
g/mm
Peel Strength2,3 of
- 119 298 595 - - - - - - -
CLP Film, g/cm
300– 300– 300– 300– 300– 300– 300– 300– 300– 300– 300–
Melting Point, °C
310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310
2.12- 2.12- 2.12- 2.12- 2.12- 2.12- 2.12- 2.12- 2.12- 2.12- 2.12-
Density, g/cm3
2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18
1 Average of five measurements on freely suspended pieces of film (10 cm × 10 cm) in an air oven at 200°C for 30 minutes.
2 Film is adhered to aluminum (Aldine #1200, 0.48 mm thick) sheet using DuPont adhesive #68040 (acrylic-based). Peel
strength is measured by peel test at a 180° angle at a rate of 30 cm/min.
3 LP grade is not adherable.

Ch. 6: Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers © Plastics Design Library

 141

Table 6.27. Dimensional Characteristics and Properties of Tefzel® ETFE Films made by DuPont[66]

Nominal Film Thickness, µm

Property
12.5 25 50 125 187.5 250 500
Nominal Area Factor,
44.4 22.2 11.1 4.4 3.3 2.2 1.1
m2/kg
AC Dielectric
160 160 140 100 84 72 56
Strength, kV/mm
Max. Dielectric
Constant at 25°C and 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
1 kHz
Max. Dissipation
Factor at 25°C and 1 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008
kHz
Min. Volume
Resistivity at 170°C, 10 17 1017 10 17 1017 1017 1017 1017
Ω cm
Min. Surface
Resistivity at 23°C
and 38% Relative 10 15 1015 10 15 1015 1015 1015 1015
Humidity, Ω per
Square
Tensile Strength at
34.5 41.4 41.4 41.4 41.4 41.4 41.4
25°C, MPa
Elongation at Break
175 200 250 250 250 250 250
at 25°C, %
Max. Shrinkage1 at
200°C, %
MD ±5 ±5 ±3 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2
TD -7 -7 -5 -4 -4 -4 -4
Min. Tear Strength,
12 12 16 16 16 16 16
kg/mm
Peel Strength2,3 of
CLZ and CLZ-20 67.5 119 298 794 - -
Films, g/cm
Melting Point, °C 250-270 250-270 250-270 250-270 250-270 250-270 250-270
3
Density, g/cm 1.73-1.77 1.73-1.77 1.73-1.77 1.73-1.77 1.73-1.77 1.73-1.77 1.73-1.77
1 Average of five measurements on freely suspended pieces of film (10 cm × 10 cm) in an air oven at 200°C for 30 minutes.
2 Film is adhered to aluminum (Aldine #1200, 0.48 mm thick) sheet using DuPont adhesive #68040 (acrylic-based). Peel
strength is measured by peel test at a 180° angle at a rate of 30 cm/min.
3 LZ grade is not adherable.

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142

Table 6.28. Dimensional Characteristics of Table 6.29. Dimensional Characteristics of

Oriented Teflon® PFA Films (T2) made by Oriented Tefzel® ETFE Films (T2) made by
DuPont[67] DuPont[67]

Thickness, µm Thickness, µm
Characteristic Characteristic
20 50 100 200 22.5 37.5 62.5 125
2 2
Area Factor, m /kg 22.6 9.0 4.5 2.3 Area Factor, m /kg 25.5 15.4 9.2 4.6

Table 6.30. Properties of Oriented Teflon® PFA and Tefzel® ETFE Films (T 2) Made by DuPont[67]

Property PFA ETFE

Tensile Strength, MPa
MD 69 234
TD 24 48
Break Elongation, %
MD 60 45
TD 450 650
Tensile Creep % (1,000 hours at 20.7 MPa)
MD 4 0.8
TD 15 8.0
Propagating Tear Strength, N (Film Thickness 51 µm)
MD 1.8 10.5
TD 0.9 2.3
Impact Resistance, J/mm 24 66
Dimensional Stability of Type M Film, %
MD/TD 2.0/0.8 (at 200 °C) 0.4/1.1(at 105 °C)
MD/TD 4.0/1.2 (at 250 °C) 1.0/1.2 (at 150°C)
Dimensional Stability of Type H Film, %
MD/TD 40/5 (at 250 °C) 23/7 (at 200°C)

Ch. 6: Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers © Plastics Design Library

 143

Table 6.31. Dimensions of Partially Fluorinated Fluoroplastic Films Made by Westlake Plastics Company[68]

Nominal Area Factor vs film thickness, m2/kg

Fluoropolymer Thickness, µm Width, cm
25 µm 75 µm 125 µm 250 µm 500 µm
PVDF 50–725 Up to 65.5 21.7 7.2 4.3 2.2 1.1
ECTFE 50–725 Up to 65.5 23 7.7 4.6 2.3 1.1

Table 6.32. Properties of Partially Fluorinated Fluoroplastic Films Made by Westlake Plastics Company[68]

Property PVDF ECTFE

Tensile Strength, MPa 52.1 34.1

Break Elongation, % 160 220

Tensile Modulus, MPa 1,725 1,960

Tear Strength-Propagating, kg/mm 29.4 20.5

Surface Resistivity, Ω·per Square >10 16 >1016

Dielectric Strength, kV/mm (at film

77.2 106.8
thickness 75 µm)

Dielectric Constant (at 1 kHz) 8.15-10.46 2.56

Dissipation Factor, % (at 1 kHz) 0.005–0.019 0.0025–0.005

Specific Gravity 1.78 1.68

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144

Table 6.33. Properties of Polyvinyl Fluoride Films (Tedlar ®) made by DuPont Company[69]

Property Clear Film (55 µm thick) Pigmented Film (55 µm thick)

Yield Strength, MPa 41 33
Break Elongation, % 250 115
Tensile Modulus, MPa 44 110
Tear Strength, kg/m
Initial 196 129
Propagating 22 6
Impact Strength, kJ/m 90 43
Density, g/cm3 1.38 1.72
Refractive Index 1.46 -
Coefficient of Linear Coefficient of Expansion,
0.00005 0.00005
cm/(cm·°C)
Continuous Use Temperature, °C -70 to 107 -70 to 107
Short Term (1-2 hr) Maximum Temperature, °C 175 175
Zero-strength Temperature, °C 300 260
Self-ignition Temperature, °C 390 390
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m·K)
-30°C 0.14 0.14
60°C 0.17 0.17
Solar Energy Transmittance, % 90 -
2
Moisture Vapor Transmission, nmole/(m ·sec) at 7
4.65 29.4
kPa and 39.5°C
Surface Resistivity, GΩ per Square
23°C 60,000 20,000
100°C 7 20
Volume Resistivity, GΩ per Square
23°C 2,000 700
100°C 0.7 2
Dielectric Strength, kV/µm
Short Term ac 0.13 0.08
Short Term dc 0.19 0.15
Dielectric Constant (at 1 kHz and 23°C) 6.2 7.7
Dissipation Factor, %
10 kHz and 23°C 0.019 0.019
10 kHz and 100°C 0.067 0.21
1 MHz and 23°C 0.17 0.28
1 MHz and 100°C 0.09 0.21
Specific Gravity 1.78 1.68

Ch. 6: Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers © Plastics Design Library

 145

Table 6.34. Properties of DuPont Process G FEP Resins (Nonaqueous Polymerized)[70]-[74]

Tensile Strength,
® Melt Flow Rate, Flexural Modulus, MPa
Teflon Melting Point, °C Specific Gravity
g/10 min MPa
23°C 200°C

GF1 1.2 265-275 2.13-2.17 655 30 12

GF2 7 265-275 2.13-2.17 655 28 8

Table 6.34. (Cont’d.)

Elongation at Break, %
Dielectric Strength, kV/mm Dielectric Constant Dissipation Factor
Teflon®
(0.25 mm film thickness) at 23°C at 23°C, 106 Hz
23°C 200°C

GF1 275 380 90 2.03 0.0004

GF2 320 400 90 2.04 0.0004

Table 6.35. Major Manufacturers of Melt Processible Fluoropolymers

Company Home Country Fluoropolymers Manufacturing Sites Comments

USA, The Netherlands,

DuPont USA PFA, FEP, ETFE, PVF
Japan

A wholly owned
Dyneon USA/Germany PFA, FEP, ETFE Germany
subsidiary of 3M Corp.

PFA, FEP, ETFE,

Daikin Japan USA, Japan
ECTFE

PFA, MFA, ECTFE,

Ausimont Italy Italy, USA
PVDF

Japan, USA, United

Asahi Glass-ICI Japan PFA, ETFE
Kingdom

Atofina USA, France PVDF USA, France

© Plastics Design Library Ch. 6: Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers

146

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Jan. 2000.
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Ch. 6: Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers © Plastics Design Library

 147

22. DuPont Teflon® PFA HP Plus Fluoropolymer Resin, Properties Handbook, DuPont Fluoroproducts,
Wilmington, DE, 2001
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35. Product Information, Teflon® FEP 100-N, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont International S. A.,
Geneva, Switzerland, Oct. 1998.
36. Product Information, Teflon® FEP TE-9302-N, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont International S.
A., Switzerland, Jan. 1997.
37. Product Information, Teflon® FEP TE-9335-N, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont International S.
A., Geneva, Switzerland, Nov. 1998.
38. Product Information, Teflon® FEP 100-J, Extrusion and Molding Resin, Mitsui DuPont Fluorochemical
Co., Tokyo, Japan, Dec. 1999.
39. Product Information, Teflon® FEP 140-J, Extrusion and Molding Resin, Mitsui DuPont Fluorochemical
Co., Tokyo, Japan, Dec. 1999.
40. Product Information, Teflon® FEP 5100-J, Extrusion and Molding Resin, Mitsui DuPont Fluorochemical
Co., Tokyo, Japan, Feb. 2000.
41. Product Information, Teflon® FEP CX5010, FR5020, and FR5030, Extrusion and Molding Resin,
DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE, USA, Aug. 2000.
42. Product Information, Teflon ® FEP CX5010-N, Extrusion and Molding Resin, Mitsui DuPont
Fluorochemical Co., Tokyo, Japan, Apr. 1999.
43. HYLAR ® PVDF Fluoropolymers, Technical Brochure, Ausimont Corp., Morristown, NJ, USA.
44. Kynar® Polyvinylidene Fluoride, Kynar® and Kynar® Flex, Use and Applications in the Chemical
Process Industry, ATOFINA Corp., King of Prussia, PA, USA, 2001.
45. Solef® PVDF Homopolymer and Copolymers, Technical Data, www.solef.com, Apr. 2001.
46. Product Information, Tefzel® 200, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE, USA,
Mar. 1999.

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47. Product Information, Tefzel ® 207, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE, USA,
Mar. 1999.
48. Product Information, Tefzel ® 210, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE, USA,
Mar. 1999.
49. Product Information, Tefzel ® 280, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE, USA,
Mar. 1999.
50. Product Information, Tefzel ® 750, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE, USA,
Mar. 1999.
51. Product Information, Tefzel® HT-2127, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE,
USA, Mar. 1999.
52. Product Information, Tefzel® HT-2160, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE,
USA, Mar. 1999.
53. Product Information, Tefzel® HT-2167, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE,
USA, Mar. 1999.
54. Product Information, Tefzel® HT-2170, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE,
USA, Mar. 1999.
55. Product Information, Tefzel® HT-2181, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE,
USA, Mar. 1999.
56. Product Information, Tefzel® HT-2183, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE,
USA, Mar. 1999.
57. Product Information, Tefzel® HT-2185, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE,
USA, Mar. 1999.
58. Product Information, Tefzel® HT-2190, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE,
USA, Mar. 1999.
59. Product Information, Tefzel® HT-2195, Extrusion and Molding Resin, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE,
USA, Mar. 1999.
60. Product Information, Tefzel® P ETFE, ETFE Powder Resins, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE, USA,
Sep. 1998.
61. HALAR® ECTFE Fluoropolymer, Design Guide ECTFE, Ausimont Montedison Group, Thorofare,
NJ, USA, Jun. 1997.
62. Dyneon® THV Thermoplastics, Product Information, Dyneon a Division of 3M Corp., Minneapolis,
MN, USA 1997.
63. Tedlar ® Product Information, DuPont Fluoroproducts, www.tedlar.com, Wilmington, DE, USA, Apr.
2001.
64 Teflon® High Performance Films, DuPont FEP Fluorocarbon Film, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE,
Publication No. H-55003-2, Dec. 1996.
65. Teflon® High Performance Films, DuPont PFA Fluorocarbon Film, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE,
Publication No. E-80413-2, Dec. 1996.
66. Tefzel® High Performance Films, DuPont ETFE Fluorocarbon Film, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE,
Publication No. E-80420-2, Jun. 1997.
67. DuPont High Performance Films, T2 Films of Teflon® PFA and Tefzel® ETFE, DuPont Co., Wilmington,
DE, Publication No. H-04323-1, Dec. 1998.
68. High Performance Films, Westlake Plastics Co., www.westlakeplastics.com, Lenni, PA, Nov. 2001.
69. Ebnesajjad, S., and Snow, L. G., “Poly (Vinyl Fluoride),” in: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia Chemical
Technology, 4 th ed., 11:683–694, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994.

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70. Product Information, Teflon® GF1 and GF2, Process G Resins for the Manufacture of Film Products,
DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE, USA, Publication No. H-95603, Jan. 2002.
71. Product Information, Teflon® GC1 and GC2, Process G Resins for Heater Cable Applications, DuPont
Co., Wilmington, DE, USA, Publication No. H-95606, Jan. 2002.
72. Product Information, Teflon® GHS1 and GHS2, Process G Resins for Expandable Heat Shrink Tubing
Applications, DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE, USA, Publication No. H-95602, Jan. 2002.
73. Product Information, Teflon® TE5351A, Process G Extrusion and Molding Resins, DuPont Co.,
Wilmington, DE, USA, Publication No. H-95607, Jan. 2002.
74. Product Information, Teflon® TE5352A, Process G Extrusion and Molding Resins, DuPont Co.,
Wilmington, DE, USA, Publication No. H-95608, Jan. 2002.

© Plastics Design Library Ch. 6: Commercial Grades of Cofluoropolymers