CHM 131 Case Study
CHM 131 Case Study
CHM 131 Case Study
Water pollution
Water pollution usually occurred due to human activities. Water pollution occurs
when the water sources are introduced to the surrounding. A wide spectrum of chemicals,
pathogens and physical changes of the water such as temperature are some of causes that can
lead to water pollution. Usually, water pollution are occurred when human does not handle
trash or garbage wisely. They usually just throw the garbage on the ground. During rain,
rainfall will washed the rubbish and the water will flow to the sea or river and make the water
contaminated. Sea water usually gets polluted due to oil spilled from the ship that are
travelled at the sea. As we already know, oil did not dissolved in the water. So it will a thick
sludge that will polluting the water. Other causes that leading to water pollution are dumping,
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Shortage of clean water
shortage of clean water occurs due to does not have enough amount of high quality water.
This is because of the serious issues which is lake pollution and sea pollution. The increasing
of world population and improving living standard are driving to the large amount of water
needed. Amount of fresh water on this earth is nearly 3359 cubic miles. From this, only 5000
cubic kilometres of water being used and reused. Because of that, based on theory, more than
enough freshwater available for living things on the earth. But because of unequal
geographical distribution, some place that contain fresh water cannot be discovered. When
human does not used water wisely, this will cause the shortage of clean water occurred.
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ii. Mechanism
Water pollution
Contamination of water body that usually caused by human activities also known as
water pollution. Examples for water body is lake, sea and river. When the contaminants are
introduced to surrounding, and interact with natural environment will causes the water
pollution.
Our society need to adapt with clean water shortage issues due to the lack of fresh
water available nowadays. We have enough amount of fresh water , but due to increasing of
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iii. Example of application
Water pollution
human increased, the amount of food and house needed also increased. More fertilizers used
to grow more food. This will cause the acidity of soil increased and during raining, rainfall
will cause the fertilizer from the soil will flow to river and sea. When the plant died and
decays, the bacteria used the oxygen from the water. The lack of oxygen amount caused the
death of aquatic flora and fauna because they also need oxygen to survive. Other than that,
deforestation also can cause water pollution. During clearing the land for agriculture, soil is
stripped from its protective vegetation that can leads to increase in murkiness of water. There
are many more human activities that can cause the water pollution such as accidental water
Water shortage are caused by climate change such as floods, pollution and human
demand and overuse of water. Some people used too much water for irrigation purposes that
can cause the shortage. Pollution also one of the cause for water shortage because when water
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iv. Advantage and disadvantage to the society
Water pollution
Pollution prevent reduces the generation of wastes at the source, or result in less
toxic waste. Disadvantage of water pollution are water is no longer can be drink. Water
sources also become toxic. Water pollution also can causes the death of aquatic flora and
fauna. Water pollution also can cause the disease for people who drink the water such as
Disadvantage of water shortage is people does not have enough clean water for
drink. People also difficult to grow the crops due to the dryness area that are caused by water
shortage. It also can cause deadly diarrheal diseases, cholera and other water-borne illnesses.
Water pollution
Manufacturing process produced many useful products but some of the materials
give harm to environment. Manufacturing can cause water pollution. Manufacturing methods
use large amount of water. Waste water from the process were released to the river that can
cause the water pollution. Manufacturing also use chemicals such as chlorine and benzene to
produce textile and paper. So when the manufacturing increase, the water pollution also
increases.
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Industrialization is major initiator of development and urbanization. It also known
as major threat to the environment as it release many kind of chemical to surrounding that can
cause land pollution, air pollution and also water pollution. Water become the most affected
due to their drive for development. Effective wastewater treatment is needed before their
wastewater treatment methods are available. Due to economic disadvantages, many industries
avoid from using the conventional wastewater. By using the conventional wastewater
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Shortage of clean water
are water efficient. According to International Water Management Institute, 70% of water
withdrawals is use for crop irrigation, is constantly competing with domestic, industrial , and
environment uses for a scare water supply. In order to fix this, many method had been tried.
One of the method is irrigation management. Irrigation is a method to transport water to crops
to minimize the use of water. In technology, desktop and laptop computers or other
electronics gadget is used to make communication more easier. But for semiconductor plants,
they needed as much as amount of water to produce their products. But because of water
shortage, there are not enough of water available, so plants cannot manufacture product
anymore. As the global population is expected to grow , that’s mean huge amount of water
will be needed for drink, food and other activities in daily live. If water shortage is become
worse, that will give big impact to our lives. When water shortage become worse,
manufacturing and industrial process also will be affected because does not have enough
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vi. Effective solutions and strategies to solve the problems
Wastewater treatment
chemical or biological process. There are some activities involve such as bathing, washing,
using the toilet, and rainwater runoff. The aim of this treatment is to reduce the contaminants
to be acceptable levels to make the water safe for discharge back into the environment.
Biological waste treatment plants use biological matter and bacteria to break down waste
matter. Physical waste treatment plants use chemical reactions as well as physical processes
to treat wastewater. Biological treatment systems are essential for treating wastewater from
households and business premises. Physical wastewater treatment plants are mostly used to
treat wastewater from industries, factories and manufacturing firms. The more efficient these
processes are, the cleaner the water becomes, the more safety the water is.
Green agriculture
improve natural agricultural techniques to deal with weed, pest management, organic
fertilizers and seeds. Globally, agriculture accounts for 70% of water resources, so it is
essential to have climate-friendly crops, efficient irrigation that reduces the need for water
and energy-efficient for food production. Green agriculture is also crucial to limit the
Stormwater management
Stormwater management is a way to reduce runoff of rainwater or melted snow into streets
and lawns. It is important to avoid pollutants from contaminating the water and helps to use
water more efficiently. When stormwater is absorbed into the soil, it is filtered and will flows
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into streams and rivers. However, when heavy rainwater hits, ground saturated by water
creates excess moisture that runs across the surface and into storm sewers and road ditches.
This water often carries pollutants such as debris, chemicals, bacteria, eroded soil and carries
Water conservation
Water conservation is a practice of using water efficiently to reduce unnecessary water usage.
water conservation is important because fresh clean water is a limited resource, as well as a
costly one. It also important because water conservation helps save energy, protect wild
animals, and prevent people from using so much water that it cannot be replaced with rain.
When we use the water saving technique, it can save us some money and diverts less water
from seas and rivers. If we fail to conserve water, we may face a lot of difficulties to have a
clean and safe water such as water shortages, food shortages and ecological consequences.
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vii Appendix
Wastewater treatment
Green agriculture
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Stormwater management
Water conservation
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viii. Conclusion
good solvent. In fact, water is called the universal solvent because it dissolves more
substances than any other liquid. This is important to every living thing on earth. Water is
essential of life because of four important properties: cohesion and adhesion, water has a high
specific heat capacity, water expands when it freezes and water acts as a versatile solvent
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References
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Sup
plemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/States_
of_Matter/Properties_of_Liquids/Unusual_Properties_of_Water
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_water
https://www.google.com/amps/s/schoolworkhelper.net/unique-properties-of-water/amp/
www.researchgate.net
www.greencityplumber.com
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_scarcity
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution
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