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    Challenges of Fire Fighting in Tall Buildings

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    Jaisurya Sharma
    The document discusses fire safety strategies for tall buildings. It notes that a holistic strategy has two main components: egress and building performance. Egress strategy is concerned with safely evacuating all occupants within a defined time. Building performance focuses on structural integrity and compartmentalization to limit fire spread. Key considerations for tall buildings include evacuation planning, compartment sizes, fire shafts, and refuge areas. Major challenges are evacuation, smoke control, firefighting access, and emergency lighting. Proper prevention includes fire safety systems, evacuation planning, fire drills, and regulatory compliance.

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    Challenges of Fire Fighting in Tall Buildings

    Uploaded by

    Jaisurya Sharma
    131 views7 pages
    The document discusses fire safety strategies for tall buildings. It notes that a holistic strategy has two main components: egress and building performance. Egress strategy is concerned with safely evacuating all occupants within a defined time. Building performance focuses on structural integrity and compartmentalization to limit fire spread. Key considerations for tall buildings include evacuation planning, compartment sizes, fire shafts, and refuge areas. Major challenges are evacuation, smoke control, firefighting access, and emergency lighting. Proper prevention includes fire safety systems, evacuation planning, fire drills, and regulatory compliance.

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    The document discusses fire safety strategies for tall buildings. It notes that a holistic strategy has two main components: egress and building performance. Egress strategy is concerned with safely evacuating all occupants within a defined time. Building performance focuses on structural integrity and compartmentalization to limit fire spread. Key considerations for tall buildings include evacuation planning, compartment sizes, fire shafts, and refuge areas. Major challenges are evacuation, smoke control, firefighting access, and emergency lighting. Proper prevention includes fire safety systems, evacuation planning, fire drills, and regulatory compliance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    131 views7 pages

    Challenges of Fire Fighting in Tall Buildings

    Uploaded by

    Jaisurya Sharma
    The document discusses fire safety strategies for tall buildings. It notes that a holistic strategy has two main components: egress and building performance. Egress strategy is concerned with safely evacuating all occupants within a defined time. Building performance focuses on structural integrity and compartmentalization to limit fire spread. Key considerations for tall buildings include evacuation planning, compartment sizes, fire shafts, and refuge areas. Major challenges are evacuation, smoke control, firefighting access, and emergency lighting. Proper prevention includes fire safety systems, evacuation planning, fire drills, and regulatory compliance.

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    FIRE FIGHTING

    STRATEGIES IN TALL
    BUILDINGS
    SERVICES IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
    FIRE FIGHTING STRATEGIES IN TALL BUILDINGS

    • A HOLISTIC FIRE SAFERTY STRATEGY FOR A TALL BUILDING IS ESSENTIALLY A FUNCTION OF TIME.
    • IT CONTAINS TWO PRINCIPLE COMPONENTS
     EGRESS STRATEGY
     BUILDING PERFORMANCE

    BUILDING PERFORMANCE

    CAN BE FURTHER BROKEN DOWN INTO

     STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE

     FIRE SPREAD MITIGATION FOR EG. COMPARTMENTATION

    EGRESS STRATEGY

     THIS IS BASICALLY CONCERNED WITH DEFINING THE TIME REQUIRED TO SAFELY EVACUATE
    ALL BUILDING OCCUPANTS

    KEY CONSIDERATIONS:

     EVACUATION PLAN
     COMPARTMENTATION WITHIN THE PLAN  3000 SQ. M FOR ONE COMPARTMENT
     FIRE SHAFT IS MUST IN SUPER TALL BUILDINGS
     BUILDINGS WITH 24M+ HEIGHT  REFUGE AREA OF 0.3 SQ. M PER PERSON

    CORE CHALLENGES

     EVACUATION
     VISION - EMERGENCY LIGHTING
     SMOKE CONTROL
     FIRE FIGHTING AND RESCUE
     VIOLATION OF SAFETY BY-LAWS

    PREVENTIONS
     Fire Safety Systems
     SAFE EVACUATION SYSTEM
     COMPLIANCE WITH FIRE SAFETY LAWS
     FIRE DRILLS
     REGULAR INSPECTION AND SAFETY AUDIT
     WATER SUPPLY IN CASE OF FIRE
    THE FIRE SAFETY CONCEPTS TREE

    FIRE SAFETY CHALLENGES

     MODERN OPEN-FLOOR OFFICE DESIGN -


    CUBICLE WORK STATIONS
    DWARF PARTITIONS
     MOVEMENT OF SMOKE WITHIN BUILDING –STACK EFFECT
     CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
     DIFFICULTY IN REACHING THE FIRE SEAT
     UPPER FLOORS EVACUATION ONLY FROM INSIDE
     ACCESS ONLY THROUGH INTERNAL STAIRCASE BEYOND AERIAL APPARATUS REACH
     STAIRCASES IS AVAILED BY FIRE-FIGHTERS AND OCCUPANTS SIMULTANEOUSLY.
     VENTILATION IS COMPLICATED AND CRITICAL.
     REACTION TIME IS HIGHER.
     COMMUNICATION CAN BE DIFFICULT
     MAINTENANCE OF IN-BUILT PROTECTION SYSTEM
    EVACUATION

     TIME REQUIRED TO EVACUATE


     FAILURE IN EFFICIENT EVACUATION PLAN RESULTS IN CLOGGING AT RELEASE POINTS AND EVEN
    STAMPEDE.
     THE EVACUATION PROCESS MUST BE MANAGED IN STAGES SO THAT STAIRCASES AND
    EMERGENCY EXITS CAN HANDLE A SAFE VOLUME OF TRAFFIC.

    VISION

     EMERGENCY LIGHTING PANELS, SUCH AS LUX INTELLIGENT FROM ADVANCED, CAN SELF-TEST
    EACH LUMINARY AND ENSURE THEY WORK WHEN THEY NEED TO.
     EMERGENCY LIGHTING IS NOT ONLY THERE TO ENSURE ESCAPE ROUTES ARE VISIBLE,
    ILLUMINATION IS ALSO NEEDED TO ASSIST FIRE-FIGHTERS.
     IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS, YOU ALSO NEED TO PROVIDE STANDBY OR ‘STAY-PUT’ LIGHTING TO
    ALLOW FOR NON-EVACUATION IF IT IS NOT DEEMED THE BEST COURSE OF ACTION OR WHERE
    OCCUPANTS ARE MARSHALLED ON ‘REFUGE FLOORS’ AND AWAITING SAFE EVACUATION.

    SMOKE CONTROL

     CONTROLLING SPREAD OF FIRE


     EVACUATION ROUTE TO BE KEPT CLEAR OF SMOKE
     IN HIGH RISE, CHIMNEY EFFECT OCCURS; FIRE AND SMOKE SPREAD RAPIDLY THROUGH
    STAIRCASE AND SHAFTS IN SHORT TIME.
     AUTOMATIC AND MANUAL SMOKE MANAGEMENT SHOULD BE DONE TO HANDLE AIRFLOW.

    FIRE FIGHTING AND RESCUE SYSTEM

     INACCESSIBLE ZONES OF BUILDING, FAULTY OR LESS FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT


    FOR EXAMPLE, CLADDING SYSTEM OF MOST HIGH RISE IN CHINA IS COMBUSTIBLE, WHICH WILL
    RESULT IN VERTICAL SPREAD OF THE FIRE BURNING ITS ENVELOPE.

    VIOLATION OF SAFETY BYE-LAWS

     EVERY BUILDINGS NEEDS TO COMPLY WITH SOME CERTAIN GUIDELINES FOR FIRE SAFETY
    (MANY STATES ADOPT NATIONAL BUILDING CODE)
     THE FIRE SAFETY RULES ARE DIFFERENT IN EVERY STATE.
    ASSESSING A FIRE SCENE

     SEAT OF FIRE
     HOW WILL ACCESS BE ATTAINED?
     LAY-OUT OF BUILDING – STAIR / ELEVATORS
     FIRE HYDRANTS – WET OR DRY?
     EQUIPMENT TO MITIGATE SCENE
     VENTILATION
     EVACUATION (SEARCH & RESCUE) PLAN

    ATTACKING A FIRE

     IDENTIFY FIRE FLOOR


     ATTACK ON FIRE FLOOR
     LIFE SAFETY OF PERSONS IN
     IMMEDIATE DANGER ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
     ESTABLISH SUPPORT SYSTEM

    VENTILATION

     SHUT-DOWN HVAC
     STAIRWELL PRESSURIZATION
     CREATING OPENING AT TOP AS NECESSARY
     HORIZONTAL VENTILATION – BREAKING OUT WINDOW

    CHECKS / PRECAUTIONS

     FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM IN PLACE & MAINTAINED (EXTINGUISHER, RISER, FIRE ALARM)
     SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP) IN PLACE
     STAFF MEMBERS AWARE OF FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS & SOPS
     STAIRCASE / LIFT LOBBY FREE FROM ANY BLOCKADE
     LOBBY PRESSURIZATION, IF ENCLOSED
     HVAC SHUT-OFF IN CASE OF FIRE
    BURJ KHALIFA

    LOCATION OF WATER TANK, FIRE PUMP, PROTECTED ZONES, LEVELS & AREAS.
    FIRE SAFETY IN

    HEIGHT > 24M BUT < 60M (DRY RISER)

    HEIGHT > 60M (WET RISER)

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