Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 15 views

    33.1 Maximum of The Modulus

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Sauban
    1) The maximum modulus principle states that if a function f is analytic on a domain D and not constant, then the maximum of the modulus |f(z)| cannot be attained inside D, but only on the boundary. 2) The proof uses the Cauchy integral formula to show that if |f(z0)| is the maximum value inside D, then f must be constant on D. 3) As a corollary, if f is continuous on a closed bounded region R and analytic inside R (but not constant), the maximum of |f(z)| and the maximum of the real part u(x,y) can only occur on the boundary of R, not in the interior.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    33.1 Maximum of The Modulus

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Sauban
    15 views3 pages
    1) The maximum modulus principle states that if a function f is analytic on a domain D and not constant, then the maximum of the modulus |f(z)| cannot be attained inside D, but only on the boundary. 2) The proof uses the Cauchy integral formula to show that if |f(z0)| is the maximum value inside D, then f must be constant on D. 3) As a corollary, if f is continuous on a closed bounded region R and analytic inside R (but not constant), the maximum of |f(z)| and the maximum of the real part u(x,y) can only occur on the boundary of R, not in the interior.

    Original Description:

    Lool good

    Original Title

    Real

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1) The maximum modulus principle states that if a function f is analytic on a domain D and not constant, then the maximum of the modulus |f(z)| cannot be attained inside D, but only on the boundary. 2) The proof uses the Cauchy integral formula to show that if |f(z0)| is the maximum value inside D, then f must be constant on D. 3) As a corollary, if f is continuous on a closed bounded region R and analytic inside R (but not constant), the maximum of |f(z)| and the maximum of the real part u(x,y) can only occur on the boundary of R, not in the interior.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views3 pages

    33.1 Maximum of The Modulus

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Sauban
    1) The maximum modulus principle states that if a function f is analytic on a domain D and not constant, then the maximum of the modulus |f(z)| cannot be attained inside D, but only on the boundary. 2) The proof uses the Cauchy integral formula to show that if |f(z0)| is the maximum value inside D, then f must be constant on D. 3) As a corollary, if f is continuous on a closed bounded region R and analytic inside R (but not constant), the maximum of |f(z)| and the maximum of the real part u(x,y) can only occur on the boundary of R, not in the interior.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    Lecture 33:

    The Maximum Modulus Principle

    Dan Sloughter
    Furman University
    Mathematics 39

    May 3, 2004

    33.1 Maximum of the modulus


    Lemma 33.1. Suppose f is analytic in the  neighborhood U of z0 . If
    |f (z)| ≤ |f (z0 )| for all z ∈ U , then f (z) is constant on U .

    Proof. Let 0 < ρ <  and let Cρ be the circle |z − z0 | = ρ. By the Cauchy
    integral formula, we know that
    Z
    1 f (z)
    f (z0 ) = dz.
    2πi Cρ z − z0

    If we parametrize Cρ by z = z0 + ρeit , 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π, then


    2π 2π
    f (z0 + ρeit )
    Z Z
    1 1
    f (z0 ) = it
    · iρeit dt = f (z0 + ρeit )dt.
    2πi 0 ρe 2π 0

    (Note that this means that f (z0 ) is the average of the values of f (z) on Cρ .)
    Hence Z 2π
    1
    |f (z0 )| ≤ |f (z0 + ρeit )|dt.
    2π 0
    However, the assumption |f (z0 )| ≥ |f (z)| for all z ∈ U implies that
    Z 2π Z 2π
    1 it 1
    |f (z0 + ρe )|dt ≤ |f (z0 )|dt = |f (z0 )|.
    2π 0 2π 0

    1
    Hence we must in fact have
    Z 2π
    1
    |f (z0 )| = |f (z0 + ρeit )|dt.
    2π 0

    It follows that
    Z 2π
    1
    0 = |f (z0 )| − |f (z0 + ρeit )|dt
    2π 0
    Z 2π Z 2π
    1 1
    = |f (z0 )|dt − |f (z0 + ρeit )|dt
    2π 0 2π 0
    Z 2π
    1
    = (|f (z0 )| − |f (z0 + ρeit )|dt.
    2π 0

    Since |f (z0 )| − |f (z0 + ρeit )| is a continuous function of t and

    |f (z0 )| − |f (z0 + ρeit )| ≥ 0

    for all t ∈ [0, 2π], it follows that

    |f (z0 )| = |f (z0 + ρeit )|

    for all t ∈ [0, 2π]; that is, |f (z0 )| = |f (z)| for all z ∈ Cρ . Since ρ was
    arbitrary, it follows that |f (z0 )| = |f (z)| for all z ∈ U . Finally, using a
    previous homework problem, we may now conclude that f (z) = f (z0 ) for all
    z ∈ U.
    With the lemma, we may now prove the maximum modulus principle.
    Theorem 33.1. Suppose D ⊂ C is a domain and f : D → C is analytic in
    D. If f is not a constant function, then |f (z)| does not attain a maximum
    on D.
    Proof. Suppose, to the contrary, that there exists a point z0 ∈ D for which
    |f (z0 )| ≥ |f (z)| for all other points z ∈ D. We will show that f must then be
    a constant function. Let w be any other point in D and consider a polygonal
    path L from z0 to w. If D is not the entire plane, let δ be the minimum
    distance from L to the boundary of D; if D is the entire plane, let δ = 1.
    Consider a finite sequence of points z0 , z1 , z2 , . . . , zn = w with zk ∈ L and
    |zk − zk−1 | < δ for k = 1, 2, . . . , n. For example, we might construct these
    points by moving a distance 2δ along L from one to the next. Let Uk be the

    2
    δ neighborhood of zk , k = 0, 1, 2, . . . , n. By the lemma, f (z) = f (z0 ) for all
    z ∈ U0 . Since z1 ∈ U0 , f (z1 ) = f (z0 ). Then |f (z1 )| is the maximum value
    of |f (z)| on U1 , and so f (z) = f (z0 ) for all z ∈ U1 . Since z2 ∈ U1 , we then
    have f (z2 ) = f (z0 ), from which it follows that f (z) = f (z0 ) for all z ∈ U2 .
    Continuing in this manner, we eventually reach f (w) = f (zn ) = f (z0 ). Since
    w was an arbitrary point in D, it follows that f (z) = f (z0 ) for all z ∈ D.

    Corollary 33.1. Suppose R ⊂ C is a closed bounded region. If f : R → C


    is continuous on R, analytic on the interior of R, and not constant, then the
    maximum value of |f (z)| is attained at a point (or points) on the boundary
    of R and never at points in the interior of R. Moreover, if we write

    f (x + iy) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y),

    then the maximum value of u(x, y) is attained at a point (or points) on the
    boundary of R and never at points in the interior of R.

    Proof. The first part follows from the fact that a continuous function on
    a closed bounded set attains a maximum value, and from the maximum
    modulus principle this value cannot be attained in the interior of R. The
    second part follows from the observation that the modulus of the function

    g(z) = ef (z)

    is
    |g(z)| = eu(x,y) .

    You might also like