Allophonic Variants Final
Allophonic Variants Final
Allophonic Variants Final
ENGLISH ALLOPHONES
The following table lists the 24 English consonants and their main allophones, which have been given an articulatory label.
Long and short consonants, glottalised stops and fronter and backer variants have not been included in this table. In the
case of sounds whose variations do not differ much from the given form, only the latter has been included.
/b / [b] voiced between vd. sounds [´»ba>Ut ´ »bç˘I ñ ba>I »nIk »hç>mbi]
[b8] devoiced before and after vl. Cs and pauses [»b8Åb8| »tHÅm´s Iz ´t5 D8´ »pH√b8]
[b|] unreleased + plosive / affricate [hiz ´ »lQb| tek<nISn`]
[b<] nasally released + nasal C [»kl•√b< memb´z »´>Unli]
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MARCELA FUENTES D. ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY UCSH
/k/ [kH] aspirated + accented V [D8´ »kHIN »kHe˘Im Int´ hIz8 »kHA>s…]
[k|] unreleased + plosive / affricate [»Qk|tIN Iz »Qk|tS´li ´»t=®8Qk|tIv8]
[k<] nasally released + nasal C [»dA>k<n´s] [»TIk<n´s]
[k] unaspirated after [s]; in unaccented syllables [a>I »tHUk ´ »bUk f®•m` »sku˘…]
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MARCELA FUENTES D. ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY UCSH
/g/ [g] voiced between vd. sounds [Siz ´ »gç>dZ´s, »ve®4i »gUd: lUkIN »gŒ˘…]
[g*] devoiced before and after vl. sounds and pauses [»TQNk| »g*Åd8]
[g|] unreleased + plosive / affricate [´ »lÅg* »kHQbIn]
[g<] nasally released + nasal C [»bIg< »ma>UT]
/dZ/ [dZ] voiced between Vd. sounds [»dZ*Ån IM»va>ItId5 D´ »dZ√dZ In »dZu˘n]
[dZ**] devoiced before and after Vl. Cs and pauses [»dZ*QnIs »dZ*´˘Unz8]
/v/ [v] voiced between vd. sounds [ma>I »sIst´ »vIvi´n »lIvz IM »venIs]
[v8] devoiced before and after vl. Cs and pauses [´v8 »kHç>s a>I… vIzIt »v8Ik|t´]
/D/ [D] voiced between vd. sounds [D8i √D´ »de˘I De>I »went| t´ D´ »mu>viz8]
[D8] devoiced before and after vl. Cs and pauses [D8Is Iz »nÅt5 »D8e˘´z8]
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MARCELA FUENTES D. ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY UCSH
/z/ [z] voiced between vd. sounds [wi »vIzItId5 D´ »zu˘ Ån wenzde>I]
[z8] devoiced before and after vl. Cs and pauses [D8´>Uz8 »tHu˘ »tSe˘´z8]
/S/ [S] voiceless all positions [aIm »Sç˘ »SŒ>li »wÅSt h´ »hQndz8]
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MARCELA FUENTES D. ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY UCSH
8
/r/ [®] voiced fricative [d] + [®] [»d==®a˘Iv8 t´ DIs ´»d=®es]
[®4 ] approximant before and between Vs; after [b, g, v] [»b8®4IN ®4ed »®4´>UzIz8]
[®•] voiceless fricative after [p, t, k] [»t=®8a˘I »p®8e>IIN Ån ´ »k®8u˘z8]
/j/ [j] voiced before vd sounds; after pauses [ju »lUk »j√Ng´]
• •
[j•] devoiced after [p, t, k] [»pæ碮4 ´N »kæ8 u>t]
References
Finch, D. & H. Ortiz Lira (1982). A Course in English Phonetics for Spanish Speakers. London: Heinemann.
Cruttenden, A. & A. C. Gimson (2007). Gimson’s Pronunciation of English (7th edn.) London: Arnold.
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