METHOD STATEMENT

FOR
PLUMBING & DRAINAGE
WORK
 PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE WORK

General
Plumbing Definition:
Plumbing is installed in a building not only for convenience & comfort but also for sanitation &
health. We would term the plumbing of a building to start from the water main, utilize the water in
the entire building and right up to the connecting the sewage to the municipal sewer.

General Terms
a) Static Pressure:
Pressure head in term used in fluid mechanics to represent the internal energy of a fluid due to the
pressure exerted on its container. It may also be called static pressure head or simply static head.
The static head of pump is the maximum height (pressure) it can deliver. The capacity of the pump
can be read from its Q-H curve (flow Vs. height)

b) Head in Fluid Dynamics:

In fluid dynamics, head is the difference in elevation between two points in a column of fluid, and the
resulting pressure of the fluid at the lower point.

c) Friction Loss:
Friction loss refers to that portion of pressure lost by resistance to flow exerted on fluids while
moving through a pipe, hose or other limited space.

d) Water hammer:
Water hammer is a very loud banging, knocking or hammering noise in the pipes that occurs when
the flow is suddenly turned off. It is caused by a pressure or shock wave that travels faster than the
speed of sound through the pipes, brought on by a sudden stop in the velocity of the water or a
change in the direction. It’s also been described as a rumbling, shaking vibration in the pipes.

e) Cavitation:
Cavitation is defined as the phenomenon of vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid in a region where the
pressure of the liquid falls below its vapour pressure.

f) Air Lock:
An air lock is gas trapped in a high point of a liquid – filled pipes system. The gas, being lighter than
the liquid, rises to the highest point and restricts the flow of liquid. In very tall systems, the gas can
prevent flow entirely. Flushing the system with high flow or pressure can help move the gas away
from the highest point, or a tap/air vent valve can be installed to permit the gas to be vented.

g) Air Vent Valves:

A valve that releases air from a pipeline automatically without loss of water or introduces air into a
line automatically if internal pressure becomes less than the atmospheric pressure, is known as an
Air Vent Valve.

h) Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV):

When water is supplied to the flats from the overhead tank, the pressure of water increases as we go
downwards due to weight of water column above it. Thus the pressure is maximum at the ground
floor / 1st floor and minimum at the top floor. Even in a Hydro-pneumatic system where water is
supplied directly from pump to flats the pressure is higher on the lower floors of each zone. So, the
pressures reducing Valves (PRV) is required in high rise building after every 24mtrs (80 feet) to
regulate the pressure. PRV’s also helps in reducing the water consumption by about 30%.

Acceptance of raw materials

A) G I Pipes (Internal & External Plumbing):
 G I pipes shall confirm to IS 1239 and shall bear ISI mark as well as manufacturer’s name on it.
 All concealed G I pipes shall be of class C.
 All exposed G I pipes shall be at least of class B.
 All G I fittings shall bear ISI mark as well as manufacturer’s name on it (“R” mark is preferred)
 Number of threads in G I fittings shall be minimum 11 per 1” length, pitch of threads shall be
around 2.4 mm and depth of threads shall be 1.48 mm.
 Waste coupling for Wash Basin shall be half threaded with a slot for draining out overflowing
water.
 Waste coupling for Sink shall be full threaded.

NOTES:
All G I pipes and fittings shall be of the diameter and size as specified on the drawing. Class of all G I
pipes shall be checked by comparing their weights as per table attached (Table 1). Colour marked on
pipes shall not be followed blindly. Wall thickness of pipes shall also be checked.

B) C I Pipes (Internal & External Drainage):

 C I pipes shall be heavy duty, painted black at the time of delivery and shall be free from any
cracks and blow holes. Internal wall surface shall be smooth.
 Tests on CI pipes shall be carried out by checking their weights and wall thickness as per
literature provided by the manufacturer.
 All other CI pipe fittings like Collar clamps, U clamps, Single Y, Double Y, Elbows and bends shall
also be checked in a similar way. They shall be checked for proper fitting into/over the pipes.
NOTES:
All C I pipes and fittings shall be of the diameter and size as specified on the drawing or as specified
by Architect.
It is desirable always to have provisions of door type fitting at each bend (in a drainage line) and for
line laid horizontally provision of cleanouts are kept before the branch connections, bends and at
specific intervals of 6
mtrs.

C) PVC Pipes (Internal & External Plumbing and Drainage):

Concealed PVC pipes shall withstand a pressure of 6 Kg/cm² and exposed PVC pipes shall withstand a
pressure of 4 Kg/cm²

NOTES:
All PVC pipes and fittings shall be of the diameter and size as specified on the drawing or as specified
by Architect.
It is desirable always to have provisions of door type fitting at each bend (in a drainage line) and for
line laid horizontally provision of cleanouts are kept before the branch connections, bends and at
specific intervals of 6 mtrs.
D) CPVC Pipes (Internal & External Plumbing):
CPVC pipes shall be visually inspected for any cracks or defects. Plastic clamps from the same
manufacturer should be preferred as far as possible. Metal clamps for CPVC pipes should be avoided.
NOTES:
All CPVC pipes and fittings shall be of the diameter and size specified on the drawing or as specified
by Architect.

For all pipes other than G I, manufacturer’s test certificate for following tests for pipes shall be
obtained and properly filed in at site, for easy reference:
 Hot water pressure test
 Pigment dispersion & physical dimension test
 Reversion test
 Impact test
 Melt flow index test

E) PPR Pipes (Internal Plumbing):

All PPR pipes received on site shall be free from cracks and other defects. PPR Fittings, Bends, Elbows
shall be of approved make and pressure class PN 20/PN25

F) Concrete Pipes (External Drainage):

1) RCC Hume pipes of class NP2 shall be used for normal use and Hume pipes of class NP3 shall be
used for road crossings with vehicular traffic.
2) Concrete pipes shall be beveled end type or spigot and socket type, provided with collars as per
specification or as indicated on drawing. If collars are provided, it shall be ensured that pipes are
delivered with appropriate numbers of collars. Pipes delivered without collars shall not be accepted.
3) Pipes showing cracks and which are damaged during transport shall be rejected.
4) Joint line on pipes shall be as thin as possible.

G) STONE WARE GLAZED Pipes (External Drainage):

SWG pipes shall be checked for any cracks or defects before acceptance.

H) Gully Traps (External Drainage);

1) Gully traps shall be of size 150 x 150 or as specified.
2) On receipt at site, they shall be filled with water completely and kept overnight for checking
leakages, if any. Faulty Gully traps shall be discarded and not used anywhere.

I) Inspection Chamber Covers (External Drainage):

Inspection chamber covers shall be of Concrete or C I (Heavy duty/Medium duty/Light duty) and
dimensions as specified on drawings or as specified by Architect.

J) BRICKS (External Drainage)

The quality of bricks should be as mentioned in Masonry Method Statement.

K) Other Fixtures
(Internal Plumbing):
 Other fixtures like Nahani Traps, WC Traps, Bottle Traps, EWC, wash Basins, Sinks, Anti Siphon pipes,
other WC fittings etc. shall be checked for any cracks, defects etc. Their size, shape and make shall be
as shown on the drawings or as mentioned in the specifications.
(External Plumbing):
 Other fixtures like Pressure reducing valves, Gate valves, Foot valves, G I spouts, Clamps for pipes
etc shall be checked for any cracks.
 Their size, shape and make shall be as shown on the drawings or as specified by Architect.

L) Sealants:
 All sealants shall be of approved make.
 Teflon tape shall be used as a thread sealant for GI / CPVC pipes.
 Lead / Drip seal shall be used for jointing of CI pipes or otherwise specified by Architect.
 “Habak”, “Tag”. “Hold tight” shall be of approved make.
 For jointing of CPVC pipes and fittings, one step / two step solvent cement with primer as
recommended by the CPVC pipe manufacturer / as specified by Architect shall be followed.

Class Identification for GI Pipes (Table: 1)

SIZE Diameter of Pipes

In mm 15 20 20 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150
In Inch ½” ¾” 1” 1 ¼” 1 ½” 2” 2 ½” 3” 4” 5” 6”
TYPE Wall thickness of G.I. Pipes in mm
Light Class 2 2.35 2.65 2.65 2.90 2.90 3.25 3.25 3.65 -- --
Medium Class 2.65 2.65 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.65 3.65 4.05 4.50 4.85 4.85
Heavy Class 3.25 3.25 4.05 4.05 4.05 4.05 4.05 4.85 4.85 5.4 5.4
TYPE Weight of G.I. Pipes ( kg / metre length)
Light Class L
mark ( Yellow 1.01 1.18 2.10 2.72 3.40 4.32 6.10 7.20 10.48 -- --
Mark )
Medium Class
M mark ( Blue 1.28 1.65 2.54 3.27 3.76 5.31 6.81 8.85 12.68 17.04 20.20
Mark )
Heavy Class H
mark ( Red 1.51 1.97 3.08 3.97 4.58 6.38 8.20 10.51 14.97 18.64 22.2
Mark )

The whole system is classified into following:

 Internal plumbing & internal drainage
 External plumbing
 External drainage

Procedures
A) Internal Plumbing and Internal Drainage:
Pre Installation Procedures (internal plumbing / internal drainage works):
1) A licensed plumber shall be employed to carry out all plumbing works and a Photo Copy of his
license shall be kept ready for producing before any authorized agency coming for inspection.
2) It shall be ensured that base coat of toilet water-proofing is complete before staring any of the
following procedure.
3) It is necessary to have ledge walls for RCC shear walls for concealed plumbing network and the
base coat waterproofing should be necessarily done before laying of ledge walls.
4) Toilet walls shall be clearly marked with proposed tile locations (using nylon string dipped in white
colour solution) showing tile joints, routing pipelines over walls, locations of fittings and proposed
outlet of pipes. (Concerned architectural drawing showing exact distances from walls and finished
floor level (FFL) of toilet, shall be referred to while doing so and the drawing shall be kept ready for
inspection). Slight adjustments in pipe routing, if required, shall be made on site with consent of Site
In charge for keeping outlets of pipes at joints.
5) Finished tile plane shall be clearly marked on walls by fixing tile pads at four corners of walls.
6) Dado tile piece, if required, shall be kept at corner or at a place which is not easily detected.
7) Similarly, toilet floor shall be marked with correct position of sanitary-ware including bath tub
fittings and piping.
8) Flush tanks / Boiler or heater / Wash basin positions shall be marked on the walls.
9) Drainage outlet holes shall be clearly marked on walls, hole size being same diameter as that of
outlet pipe. Holes shall not be made in cast RCC members. Sleeves shall be planned and kept at the
desired location at the time of cast.
10) Ablution tap position shall be kept on right hand side unless specified otherwise on drawing.

During Installation Procedures (internal plumbing / internal drainage works):

1) Chasing of Brick-work shall start only after marking on Walls / Floors is approved.
2) It shall be ensured that all pipes / fittings / sanitary-ware / sealants etc. are as per approved
brand / as specified by Architect.
3) Sufficient lighting arrangement shall be provided for working in dark areas.
4) Chasing in masonry shall be done with the help of cutter machine and depth of groove in walls
shall be 15mm more than diameter of pipe to accommodate mortar and plane of cutting shall be
parallel to routing of pipeline. Within the chased portion light hammering shall be allowed, if it
doesn’t cause harm to masonry.

Installation of G I Pipes:
1) G I Pipes shall be cut to the required length as per layout on walls / floors and coconut oil shall be
used while threading.
2) Pipes shall be cut at perfect right angles and burrs, if any, shall be removed by debarring tool.
3) Number of threads in G I Pipes shall be minimum 11 per 1” length, Pitch of threads shall be
around 2.4mm and depth of threads shall be 1.48mm.
4) Teflon tape shall be used as a sealant over threads while jointing pipes.
5) Concealed G I pipes including fittings shall be applied 2 coats of bituminous paint (Black Japan)
before installation. Asbestos rope OR alternative shall be tied around hot water pipes and Hessian
cloth shall be tied around cold water pipes. Over this, a coat of bituminous paint shall be applied for
better protection against corrosion.

NOTES:
For heat insulation it is recommended preferably to use poly – urethane pipe sleeves or use 2-3 mm
thick heatlon sheets. However the instructions given by Plumbing Consultant / Architect should be
followed
6) All G I fittings shall be washed with kerosene to remove rust inside, prior to their installation.
Fittings shall be fitted using “Habak” and “Teflon” tapes only.
7) The pipe assembly shall then be placed in chases.
8) Horizontal pipelines shall be laid perfectly horizontal and vertical pipelines shall be laid perfectly
vertical. Slant piping shall be avoided.
9) To keep G I lines in position 40 mm plumbing nails at 9” c/c on alternate sides of G I pipes shall be
driven in masonry.
10) Flushing lines shall be of minimum dia 1 1/4” and shall be separated from fresh water lines
entirely. All pipelines through which gravity flow is expected shall be laid with a minimum slope
1:100 or specified on drawing.
11) All outlets shall be maintained at right angles and fitted with G I plugs. G I plugs shall project at
least ½” beyond the face of plaster for fixing of fittings.
12) Open G I pipes shall be applied with oil paint as an anti corrosive treatment over a base coat of
red oxide primer.
13) Whenever pipes are embedded, insertion depth shall be marked on pipes.
14) All the open pipes shall be properly plugged in to prevent entry of mortar in pipes and also for
carrying out Pressure Test.
15) Control valves shall be provided for each toilet unit and valve position shall be easily accessible
for operating through toilet window, if possible.
16) Fittings for mixer unit in toilet shall be installed carefully so as to avoid mixing of hot water and
cold water.
17) Mouths of traps shall be plugged with suitable cloth to prevent entry of dirt and mortar into it.

Post Installation Procedures (internal plumbing / internal drainage works):

1) After complete erection of pipeline and plugging open ends, flushing of entire pipeline shall be
carried out by keeping only one of the pipe fitting open. Pressure test shall then be carried out using
pump and calibrated Pressure Gauge for minimum pressure of 10 Kg/cm² (or 1 ½ times the design
pressure, whichever is greater) by fully charging the entire section and keeping it pressurized for a
period of at least 30 minutes. During this period no leakage should be observed and pressure drop
should not be more than 0.3 bars
2) If leakages are observed during Pressure Test, necessary repairs shall be carried out and Pressure
Test shall be carried out again.
3) After the pressure test is successfully carried out, chases as well as holes shall be filled with non
shrink grout and the grout shall be cured for at least 3 days.
Note: in case, pipes other than G I are used, technical literature and Manufacturer’s user Guide
Manual shall be made available on site.

Installation of CPVC pipes:

Manufacturer’s Installation Instructions shall be referred to during installation of CPVC pipes.
However for general guidelines, refer to special requirements.

Special Requirements:
1) Pipes shall be cut to the required length using sharp edges cutter to have a square cut exactly
perpendicular to the pipe which provides maximum bonding area for the joint.
2) If cracks are observed during cutting, then the pipe shall be cut 50 mm beyond the crack and such
cut piece of pipe shall not be used anywhere.
3) Chamfering tool, file or pocketknife shall be used to give slight bevel at the cut end for easy entry
of pipe into the fittings. Burrs, if any, shall be removed with the help of debarring tool.
4) Pipes shall be wiped clean and made dry before installation of fittings.
5) PVC pipes should be embedded with proper encasing for internal drain to prevent damages, cracks
etc.

Application of two step solvent cement for jointing:

1) Application of Solvent Cement shall be done in well-ventilated area.
2) The exact position of fitting shall be marked on the pipe surface as well as on fitting surface.
3) Primer recommended by pipe manufacturer shall be applied to outside of pipe and inside of
fitting.
4) After the pipe surface becomes tacky, a thin even coat of solvent cement shall be applied to inner
face of fitting and a thicker even coat shall be applied to outside face of pipes. Solvent Cement shall
be as recommended by the manufacturer of pipes.
5) Immediately after application of Solvent cement (i.e. Solvent Cement is still wet), pipe shall be
inserted in the fitting by rotating ¼ to ½ turn while pushing, to ensure even distribution of cement
within the joint.
6) Fitting shall then be held in correct position for about 10 seconds, till an even bead of Solvent
Cement is visible around the joint. If the bead is not continuous, it indicates that adequate Solvent
Cement was not applied.
7) Solvent cure time is 1 Hr for 1/2” to 1” dia pipes and 2 Hrs for 1 ¼” to 2” dia pipes or as
recommended by manufacturer.
8) Adequate safety measures shall be taken as per pipe manufacturer’s recommendation, while
applying solvent cement.
9) After assembly the pipe section shall be placed in masonry chases at correct positions and
clamped with plastic clamps (supplied by the pipe manufacturer) at 900 mm c/c for pipe dia less than
1” and 1200 mm c/c for larger pipe dia.
10) Masonry surface shall be smooth and without sharp edges around the pipes.
11) The entire pipe system is then Pressure Tested by first blowing out all air within and then filling it
with water completely. Applied Pressure and time for testing shall be as per recommendation of the
CPVC pipe manufacturer. During Pressure Testing no leakages should observed. If leakages are
observed, concerned pipe sections shall be replaced with new ones.

For application of one step solvent cement primer application is not required.
PPR Pipes:
For PPR pipes general guidelines given for CPVC pipes shall be followed. Polyfusion Welding Device
with Mortice shall be used for welding of PPR pipes and Teflon Tape shall be used as a sealant for
threads. Heating, Welding and Cooling time shall be as recommended by the manufacturer.

Fixing of Nahani Trap:

1) Nahani Trap shall be fixed along with water-proofing works.
2) Top level of Nahani trap should match with finish coat of water-proofing i.e. bottom level of
flooring above.
3) Nahani Trap shall be fixed with minimum 15 cm from side walls.

Fixing of Wash Basin and Sink:

1) Top level of Wash Basin shall be checked w.r.t. FFL as per Architectural Drawing
2) Waste coupling for Wash Basin shall be half threaded with a slot for draining out overflowing
water and waste coupling for sink shall be full threaded.
3) All Wash Basins and Sinks shall be provided with bottle traps before connecting to drain pipes.
Anti siphon pipe:
All WC fittings shall be connected to external Anti siphon pipe.

Joinery:
1) WC Trap connector:
a) PVC pipe shall be used as WC Trap connector
b) Lip ring with rubber lubricant shall be fitted over spigot portion of ceramic trap.
c) Over lip ring, PVC pipe connector which acts as socket shall be fitted.
2) PVC to PVC joint:
a) PVC pipe shall be cut with the help of toothed saw
b) 1/3rd thickness of pipe (spigot) shall be given a chamfer at 15º using coarse file.
c) Both spigot and socket shall be cleaned thoroughly.
d) Marking shall be made on spigot up to which joinery is required.
e) Joining lubricant shall be applied on spigot from marking to chamfered end and a rubber ring shall
be fixed over it, without twisting.
f) Spigot is then inserted into socket to 10mm less than the marking to allow for thermal expansion.
3) PVC to CI joint:
a) Inside face of PVC plug tee socket shall be roughened with emery paper and a thin coat of solvent
cement shall be applied over it with the help of brush.
b) Medium size sand is then sprinkled over it and allowed to dry for 5 minutes which will provide a
better bonding surface.
c) Gap between Nahani Trap and PVC plug tee shall then be filled with cement.
4) CI to CI:
For CI to CI connections, lead joints / drip seal joints should be used or as specified in drawing.
Smoke test shall be done after all the joints are filled & the branches brought up to ground level.
1) In C.I. pipes with lead joints the joints shall be first caulked with strands of spun yarn. The requisite
quantity of lead shall be poured / caulked into the joint & then shall be compacted by means of
special tools having chamfered edges & angled length.
2) In drip seal joint, two component epoxy based chemical is used instead of lead.

B) External Plumbing
Pre Installation Procedures:
1) A licensed plumber shall be employed to carry out all plumbing works and a Photo Copy of his
license shall be kept ready for producing before any authorized agency coming for inspection.
2) Approved plumbing drawing shall be made available on site.
3) For CPVC pipes, technical literature and manufacturer’s user guide manual shall be made available
on site 4) Layout of pipes shall be marked on external wall surface as also on terrace and shall get
approved from plumbing consultant. It shall be ensured that vertical lines so drawn are in plumb.
5) Holes shall be made in parapet wall. Diameter of holes shall be 1” more than the respective
diameter of pipes.
6) In Over Head Water Tank and Under Ground Water Tank GI pipe sockets shall be provide as inserts
at the inlet / outlet locations to avoid puncturing of RCC walls later.
During Installation Procedures (External plumbing):
Installation of GI Pipes:
1) GI pipes shall be cut to the required length as per layout on walls and terrace. Coconut oil shall be
used while threading.
2) Pipes shall be cut at perfect right angles and burrs, if any, shall be removed by deburring tool.
Round wheel cutter OR cutter recommended by manufacturer shall be used for cutting CPVC pipes.
3) Number of threads in GI pipes shall be minimum 11 per 1” length, Pitch of threads shall be around
2.4mm and depth of threads shall be 1.48mm.
4) All GI fittings shall be washed with kerosene to remove rust inside, prior to their installation.
5) Fittings shall be fitted using “Habak” and “Teflon” tape only while jointing pipes.
Vertical pipes shall be laid truly vertical by checking their plumb. Horizontal pipelines shall be truly
horizontal. Slant piping shall be avoided.
6) Adequate distance shall be maintained between main pumping lines and wall surface for
maintenance purpose.
7) Vertical pumping mains shall be double clamped near joints, connections, bends and turns to
avoid bursting of pipes.
8) Clamps for CPVC pipelines shall be of plastic or PVC as specified by manufacturer. (Metal clamps
shall be avoided). Clamps for vertical CPVC pipelines shall be kept loose for free movement of pipes
near expansion loop, if specified. Expansion loop shall be adequately supported.
9) Entry of pipes through walls shall be at right angles.
10) Pressure reducing valves shall be provided for high rise buildings and Control valves shall be
provided for each branch line of OHWT. Control valve position shall be easily accessible for operating
through toilet window, if possible.
11) Foot valve location shall be kept 4” - 6” above tank bottom / sump level. Non return valves shall
be provided near pumps.
12) Vent pipes shall be provided for all outlets through OHWT to prevent air locks.
13) Cleanout provision at bottom shall be provided for each line separately.
14) Pipeline on terrace shall necessary run along parapet and be properly anchored to parapet wall
with the help of saddles / clamps.
15) Underground main GI pipeline including fittings shall be applied 2 coats of bituminous paint
(Black Japan) before installation and shall be preferably supported on concrete pedestals.
16) In case internal piping network is to be connected to outside water supply lines of different
material, suitable adapters with sealants shall be used. Refer joinery at the end of this section.
17) Open GI pipes shall be applied with oil paint as an anti-corrosive treatment over a base coat of
red oxide primer.
18) Exterior grade latex paint shall be applied on CPVC pipes for UV resistance.
19) In case, solar water heating system is provided, temperature control system shall be installed and
adequate precaution shall be taken to avoid mixing of hot and cold water. Also GI hot water pipes
shall be wrapped with wool piles and Aluminum foil for which minimum 1” clear distance between
wall and pipe surface shall be kept.

Post Installation Procedures:

1) After complete erection of pipeline and plugging open ends, flushing of entire pipeline shall be
carried out by keeping only one of the pipe fitting open.
2) Gravity pressure testing shall then be carried out by completely filling the entire pipeline with
water for 24 hrs and leakages through pipelines, if any, shall be observed.
3) If leakages are observed during Pressure test, necessary repairs shall be carried out which may
involve replacing part of pipeline. Pressure testing shall then be carried out again.
4) After the pressure test is successfully carried out, holes in masonry shall be filled with non-shrink
grout and the grout shall be cured for at least 3 days.

Installation of CPVC pipes, application of two step solvent cement & joinery:
Same as mentioned in internal plumbing & internal drainage.

Checks and precautions on UGWT:

1) Injection grouting and box type waterproofing shall be done.
2) Waterproof plaster shall be applied to sides and bottom of tank from inside. Care shall be taken to
provide chamfers at the junction of side walls and bottom slab. Waterproofing slope shall be
provided towards sump.
3) Waterproofing of top slab shall also be carried out.
4) Other check points shall be
i) Provision of sump for fixing submersible pump as well as for collecting water and cleaning.
ii) Position of inlets and outlets as per drawing.
iii) Provision of adequate no of manholes.
iv) Sizes of manholes are proper and covers are in properly openable condition.
v) Provision of rungs as monkey ladder near manholes for large tanks.
vi) Inlet and Outlet pipes should be positioned and fixed with reinforcement before concreting.

Checks and precautions on OHWT:

1) Internal waterproofing of tank shall be carried out in the same way as described for UGWT.
2) Slope of internal base water proofing shall be towards outlet pipes.
3) Other check points shall be
i) Provision of compartment wall for drinking water, flushing water and fire water and separate outlet
for each.
Control valve for each outlet near the tank.
ii) Separate colour for above outlet pipes.
iii) Provision of ball valve and automatic water level indicator.
iv) Provision of overflow pipe which shall be connected to top terrace down take pipe.
v) Provision of wash out pipe.
vi) Provision of access to top with peripheral walkway with hand railing.
vii) Sizes of manholes are proper and covers are in properly openable condition.
viii) Provision of rungs as monkey ladder near manholes for large tanks.

C) EXTERNAL DRAINAGE
Pre Installation Procedures (External drainage works):
1) A licensed plumber shall be employed to carry out all plumbing works and a Photo Copy/Xerox
copy of his license shall be kept ready for producing before any authorized agency coming for
inspection.
2) Approved plumbing drawing showing routing pipeline, location of Inspection Chambers and all
necessary Invert levels shall be made available on site.
3) Layout of sewage and sullage shall be marked on external wall surface and shall get approved from
plumbing consultant. It shall be ensured that vertical lines so drawn are in plumb.
4) Sleeves shall be kept in toilet / bath-room walls or holes shall be drilled in walls for connection to
sewage and sullage lines. Diameter of sleeves / holes shall be 1” more than the respective diameter
of outlet pipes. (Drilling of holes in RCC structure is not permitted).
5) In Septic tank, PVC pipe sleeves shall be provided as inserts at the inlet / outlet locations to avoid
puncturing of RCC walls later.

During Installation Procedures (External drainage works):

Sewage and Sullage:
1) All Sewage as well as Sullage lines shall be of Heavy duty CI or PVC and connections to them shall
be by plug fittings.
2) Where municipal drainage lines are not provided, sewage lines and Sullage lines are kept separate.
Sewage lines shall first be connected to septic tank and then further to soak pit whereas sullage lines
shall directly be connected to soak pits. (Reference shall be made to approved drainage drawings).
3) Where municipal drainage lines are provided, both Sewage and Sullage can be collected through a
single pipeline and then directly connected to Municipal sewer lines. OR Sewage lines shall be taken
separately along the walls and then both connected to Municipal sewer lines. (Reference shall be
made to approved drainage drawings).
4) Vertical stacks (Sewage / Sullage) shall be clamped on both sides of the joint. Clear minimum
distance of 100 mm shall be kept between pipes and wall.
5) If PVC pipes are used as vertical sewer lines, last two pipes shall be of C I.
6) Anti-siphon lines shall be provided for buildings of height more than 15 metres and shall be
directly connected to water closets. Their direct connection to sewage lines shall be avoided.
7) Sewage lines as well as Anti-siphon lines shall be carried to height, at least 6’ above terrace top
and shall be provided with vent cowls.
8) Vent cowls shall be provided with mosquito nets.
9) Both Sewage and Sullage lines, after fixing to wall should appear truly vertical when observed
visually and their connections should be symmetric. Criss-cross connections shall be avoided.
10) All sullage lines shall first be connected to Gully Traps. Gully Traps shall be built inside Brick
Masonry which is plastered afterwards.
11) Inspection chambers in Burnt Brick Masonry shall be constructed at exact location as per drawing
with covers at top.
12) Invert Levels shall be checked with the help of Auto level and got approved from the Engineer.
Level tube shall not be used for fixing invert levels.
13) Chambers shall be plastered, both from inside as well as outside.
14) All branch lines shall join main sewer in the direction of flow sewage. Also branch lines joining
Inspection Chambers shall not be at angle greater than 45_, with the direction of flow of sewage.
15) Inlet / Outlet of chambers shall be plugged with cloth to prevent entry of debris inside. Such
plugging shall be kept till complete erection of drainage line and till pressure testing starts. PCC is
essential underneath chamber.
16) Heavy duty chamber covers shall be used on roads and parking, whereas Light / medium duty
chamber covers shall be used at other places.
17) Channelling inside chambers shall be done smooth or half round SWG pipes shall be used for the
same, if specified by Architect. Chambers, especially at curves shall be properly attended to for
providing smooth curves finished surface inside for smooth flow of sewage within.
18) RCC pipes shall be used for connecting Inspection Chambers. It is ensured that minimum earth
cushion over pipes is 450mm pipes shall be adequately supported underneath by concrete and
minimum slope of 1:100 shall be maintained through the length of sewer line.
19) Inspection Chambers shall be located as near as possible to Gully Trap locations and connection
from Gully Traps to Inspection Chambers shall be through SWG pipes.
20) Jointing of RCC / CI / SWG pipes shall be done with cotton yarn (packing rassi) and expansive
grout and finished with neat cement from all sides. Joints shall then be covered with wet Hessian
cloth and cured for at least 4 days.
21) During jointing operation, C I and SWG pipes shall be supported with masonry supports, whereas
RCC pipes shall be supported by at least two concrete blocks supports to avoid failure of joints.
22) Intermittent ventilation shall be provided for the drainage line as indicated on drawing.
23) Always provide a gas vent for the first & last inspection chamber.
24) In a sewer line a vent shaft should be preferably fixed after every 150 mtrs.
25) A drop arrangement should be done whenever there is difference of 600mm or more in the
invert levels.
26) It is recommended to do bed PCC at the required gradient before laying of the drain line & the
line should be encased properly and proper gradient & alignment is maintained, verified & jointed
satisfactorily.

Post Installation Procedures (External drainage works):

1) After erection of drainage line, all Inspection Chambers and Gully trap as well as Nahani / P traps
of toilets shall be cleaned off mortar, debris and other accumulated construction material.
2) Acid cleaning shall then be carried out from top floor to bottommost floor.
3) Inlet / Outlets of Inspection Chambers shall then be unplugged and entire drainage line shall be
filled with water under pressure.
4) If any leakages are observed, the same shall be rectified. Rectification may involve complete
removal of defective part of drainage line.
5) The drainage line shall then be pressure tested again for ensuring total leak proof flow along the
entire drain line.
6) All holes in masonry shall be rendered with non-shrink grout.
7) Backfilling shall start only after satisfactory testing of drainage line. Backfilling shall be done in
layers with good soil, layers not exceeding 1’ at a time and well compacted by watering soil, if
required. Precaution shall be taken so as not to leave voids below pipes.

Rain Water Drainage:

1) Rain water drainage shall be either C I or PVC or as specified by Architect.
2) Marking of rain water pipes shall be done on external wall surface as per drawing.
3) Outlet positions on terrace shall be marked and holes drilled accordingly.
4) Rain water pipes shall then be fixed along walls so that they appear vertical when observed
visually.
5) Clamping and jointing of CI pipes shall be done as specified for sewer down take whereas clamping
of PVC pipes shall be done with PVC clamps at every 6’ along the pipe.
6) Care shall be taken during clamping so as to keep at least 1” gap between plastered wall surface
and pipe surface.
7) Rain water down take pipe shall be terminated at least 9” above finished ground level and
provided with a 45º shoe at bottom end and PVC strainer at top inlet position. Also a tee shall be
provided at top for cleaning purpose.
8) All rain water shall be provided with a concrete block support at bottom end.
9) All holes in masonry shall be rendered with non-shrink grout.
10) A separate drain shall be constructed as per drawing to collect rain water and dispose it into rain
water harvesting system or adjacent nallah or as specified by the architect.

Joinery:
PVC to PVC joint, PVC to C I joint & Open CI to CI joint - Same as mentioned in internal plumbing &
internal drainage.
NOTES:
However it is necessary to follow the Plumbing Consultant’s drawings and instructions. But for
general guidelines, the following dia. of pipes is recommended for the following.
1) Soil Waste -100 to 150mm
2) Waste Water - 75 to 100mm
3) Gas Vents & Anti-syphonage - 50 to 75mm
4) Rain Water - 90 to 200mm

Acceptance of Completed Work

Internal Plumbing & Internal Drainage:

Type of Check Acceptance

Position of: WHB, EWC, Bath tub, Flush tank, As per Architectural Drawing
Boiler w.r.t. FFL and walls.
Fixing of MS painted brackets of WHB Anchor fasteners used
Position of Nahani Trap At WHB outlet and at least 15cm clear from wall
Fittings and fixtures Satisfactory fitting
Holes / Chases in Masonry Rendered with non-shrink grout
All traps Position and level as per Architectural Drawing
Functioning of: Water flow found satisfactory with enough
Ablution tap, Angle stop cock, Long body bib pressure
cock (Kitchen sink), Dry balcony bib cock, Mixer
shower, Flushes, Basin pillar, Basin mixer cock,
Nelson valve, Control valve
All above taps checked after locking No leakages observed
Pressure Testing Satisfactory

External plumbing:

Type of Check Acceptance

External pipelines Truly vertical when observed visually with
adequate distance between wall face and pipes
Pipelines on terrace Along parapet wall and clamp with saddles
Pumping mains Double clamp near joints, bends and turns
Provision of control valves For each outlet near OHWT
Position of foot valve 6” – 8” above tank bottom of UGWT
Manhole cover for UGWT & OHWT Double seal cover type with facility for locking
Leakage observed during gravity pressure testing Corrected and no leakages observed in next
pressure test
Access for water tanks and duct for maintenance Easy
Clamps for CPVC pipes Plastic or as specified by Architect
Fitting of clamps for CPVC pipes Loose for allowing free movement
Rendering of holes in masonry With non – shrink grout
External Drainage:

Type of Check Acceptance

Clamps Not broken and spacing as specified
For vertical PVC sewer lines Last two pipes in CI
Jointing of pipes As specified
Bottom of rain water pipe Provided with 45º shoe and at least 9” above
finished ground level.
Alignment of sewer/rain water pipes along walls. Truly vertical when observed visually
Access to main ducts Easy
Removal of pipes for maintenance Easy
Vertical sewer lines Taken at least 6’ above terrace level and provided
with cowls
Vent pipe above septic tank Taken at least 6’ above top slab level
Rain water pipes Provided with concrete block underneath
Anti-siphon pipe Directly connected to water closets
Leakages Not observed

TOOLS :
A. Drill, Chasing Machine, Spirit Level, Hammer, Drill Bit, Grinding wheel, File, Measuring tape,
Pressure Testing Machine.
B. Chisel, Pipe wrench, Chain wrench, sledge hammer, screw driver, Bench Vice, pipe vice, Die
set, hammer drilling M/c, Mini angle grinding M/c.