CHAPTER 2 - EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION

2.0. IMAGES

DD-1 = earthquake location with a probability of exceeding in 50 years by 2% (recurrence period 2475
years)

movement level

DD-2 = earthquake location with a 10% probability of exceeding in 50 years (recurrence period 475
years)

movement level

DD-3 = 50% probability of exceeding in 50 years (recurrence period 72 years) earthquake location

movement level

DD-4 = earthquake location with a 68% probability of exceeding in 50 years (recurrence period 43 years)

movement level

FS = Local ground impact coefficient for short period zone

F1 = local ground impact coefficient for 1.0 seconds period

g = Gravitational acceleration [g = 9.81 m/s2]

Sae (T) = Horizontal elastic design spectral acceleration [g]

SaeD (T) = Vertical elastic design spectral acceleration [g]

Sde (T) = Horizontal elastic design spectral displacement [m]

SDS = Short period design spectral acceleration coefficient [without dimension]

Design spectral acceleration coefficient [without dimensions] for SD1 = 1.0 seconds period

SS = Short period map spectral acceleration coefficient [dimensionless]

Map spectral acceleration coefficient [without dimensions] for S1 = 1.0 seconds period

T = Natural vibration period [s]

TA = Horizontal elastic design acceleration spectrum corner period [s]

TAD = Vertical elastic design acceleration spectrum corner period [s]

TB = Horizontal elastic design acceleration spectrum corner period [s]

TBD = Vertical elastic design acceleration spectrum corner period [s]

TL = Transition to fixed displacement zone in horizontal elastic design spectrum

period [s]
TLD = Transition to fixed displacement zone in vertical elastic design spectrum

period [s]

Tp = The building's dominant natural vibration period [s]

(VS)30 = Average slip wave speed at top 30 meters [m/s]

2.1. EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

2.1.1 - Earthquake ground movements to be based on the design of buildings under earthquake
influence

data are defined in this Section.

Earthquake data for the four different earthquake ground motion levels defined in 2.1.2 - 2.2,

Turkey, which was put into effect by the Decision of the Council of Ministers no. 22/01/2018 and
2018/11275

Earthquake Hazard Maps. Addressed to these maps https://tdth.afad.gov.tr/

website.

2.2. EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION LEVELS

The level of ground movement of the four different earthquakes specified below under this Regulation

defined.

2.2.1. Earthquake Ground Motion Level-1 (DD-1)

The DD-1 Earthquake Ground Movement is 2% more likely to exceed spectral magnitudes in 50 years
and

very rare earthquake ground movement, where the dispeting period is 2475 years

qualifying. This earthquake is the ground movement, the largest earthquake taken into account as
ground movement

it is also called.

2.2.2. Earthquake Ground Motion Level-2 (DD-2)

The DD-2 Earthquake Ground Movement is 10% more likely to exceed spectral magnitudes in 50 years
and

the infrequent earthquake ground movement, where the disrecurrence period was 475 years
qualifying. This earthquake is also used as ground motion, standard design earthquake ground
movement

Called.

2.2.3. Earthquake Ground Motion Level-3 (DD-3)

The DD-3 Earthquake Ground Movement is 50% more likely to exceed spectral magnitudes in 50 years
and

the frequent earthquake characterizes ground movement, where the dupending period is 72 years.

2.2.4. Earthquake Ground Motion Level-4 (DD-4)

DD-4 Earthquake Ground Movement is 68% (30 years) of the probability of spectral magnitudes
exceeding in 50 years

50%) and the recurrence period against it is 43 years, very frequent earthquakes

it qualifies as ground movement. This earthquake is also used as ground movement, service earthquake
ground movement

Called.

2.3. STANDARD EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION SPECTRUMS

2.3.1. Definition

Earthquake ground motion spectrums are 5% based on a specific earthquake ground movement level

for damping rate, map spectral acceleration as described in 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4 and 2.3.5

in standard form or according to 2.4.1, depending on coefficients and local ground impact coefficients

they are identified specifically by field-specific earthquake hazard analyses.

2.3.2. Map Spectral acceleration Coefficients and Design Spectral Acceleration Coefficients

2.3.2.1 - Unsized map spectral acceleration coefficients, four different earthquakes specified in 2.2

Turkey Earthquake Hazard Maps for the level of movement are defined within the scope of:

(a) Short period map spectral acceleration coefficient SS

(b) Map spectral acceleration coefficient S1 for 1.0 seconds period

Defying the geometric mean of earthquake effects in two horizontal directions perpendicular to each
other

map spectral acceleration coefficients, reference ground for a specific earthquake ground movement
level

(VS)30 =760 m/s] based on the map spectral accelerations for a 5% damping rate
gravitational acceleration is defined as dimensionless coefficients by dividing.

Map spectral acceleration coefficients SS and S1 defined in 2.3.2.2 - 2.3.2.1, as follows

design spectral acceleration coefficients are converted to SDS and SD1:

DS S S

D1 1 1

SSF

SSF

= (2.1)

Here, fs and F1 show the local ground impact coefficients defined in 2.3.3.

2.3.2.3 - Horizontal and vertical elastic design spectrums, Equivalent. (2.1)

spectral acceleration coefficients are defined in 2.3.4 and 2.3.5, respectively.

2.3.3. Local Ground Impact Coefficients

Local ground impact coefficients, depending on the local ground classes defined in 2.3.3.1 - 16.4

FS and F1, respectively, are given in Table 2.1 and Table 2.2. Map spectral acceleration in tables

linear interpolation can be performed for the intermediate values of the coefficients.

Table 2.1 - Local Ground Impact Coefficients for short period zone

Table 2.2 - Local Ground Impact Coefficients for 1.0 second period
2.3.3.2 - for soils classified as ZF local soils according to Table 2.1 and / or Table 2.2

Site specific soil behavior analysis shall be carried out according to 16.5.

2.3.4. Horizontal Elastic Design Spectrum

2.3.4.1. Horizontal elastic design for any earthquake ground motion level considered

The horizontal elastic design spectral accelerations Sae (T), which are the ordinates of the acceleration

spectrum, are

The gravitational acceleration in terms of [g], depending on the vibration period, is defined in Eq. (2.2).

(Figure 2.1):
The design spectral acceleration coefficients described in SDS and SD1 2.3.2.2 shows the period of
vibration. Horizontal design spectrum corner periods TA and TB Equation (2.3) is defined in relation to
SDS and SD1:
The period of transition to the fixed displacement zone shall be taken as TL = 6 s.
2.3.4.2 - Horizontal elastic design for any earthquake ground motion level considered spectral displacements of

horizontal elastic design which are ordinates of displacement spectrum Sde (T) is defined by Eq. (2.4) in meters [m]

depending on the natural vibration period.

(Figure 2.2):

2.3.5. Vertical Elastic Design Spectrum

Vertical elastic design acceleration for any earthquake ground motion level considered

spectra of the vertical elastic design spectra SaeD (T), horizontal earthquake

Short-term design defined for ground motion spectral acceleration coefficient and natural vibration

The gravitational acceleration in terms of [g] is defined by Eq. (2.5) depending on the period (Figure 2.3):
2.4. FIELD SPECIAL EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION SPECTRUM

2.4.1. Field Specific Elastic Acceleration Spectrum

2.4.1.1 - In some special cases, site-specific earthquake hazard analysis and site-specific earthquake

ground motion spectra can be defined. Such spectra depend on the preference of the project engineer

can be used in any case.

2.4.1.2 - the ordinates of site-specific earthquake ground motion spectra, 2.3.4 or

Shall not be less than 90% of the design spectrum ordinates defined in 2.3.5.
2.4.2. Site Specific Soil Behavior Analysis

Soils defined as ZF class according to local soil classification according to 16.4

According to 16.5, site specific soil behavior analyzes will be performed. Such analysis

depending on the preference of the engineer can be made in other classes of floors.

SECTION 3 - EVALUATION OF BUILDINGS UNDER EARTHQUAKE EFFECT AND PRINCIPLES FOR

3.0. IMAGES

BKS = Building Use Class

BYS = Building Height Class

DD-1 = earthquake location with a probability of exceeding in 50 years by 2% (recurrence period 2475 years)

movement level

DD-2 = earthquake location with a 10% probability of exceeding in 50 years (recurrence period 475 years)

movement level

DD-3 = 50% probability of exceeding in 50 years (recurrence period 72 years) earthquake location

movement level

DD-4 = earthquake location with a 68% probability of exceeding in 50 years (recurrence period 43 years)

movement level

DTS = Earthquake Design Class

GÖ = Migrant Prevention Performance Level

HN = Total Height of Building [m]

h i = Floor height of the ith floor of the building [m]

KH = Controlled Damage Performance Level

KK = Uninterrupted Performance Level

I = Building Importance Coefficient

SDS = Short period design spectral acceleration coefficient [without dimension]

Tp, all = The prevailing vibration in the direction of each of the perpendicular building axes

mode, calculated in the same direction for the entire building, including basements

natural vibration period [s]

Tp, top = Prevailing vibration in the direction of each of the perpendicular building axes

mode, including the ground floor floor ingredient in the carrier system for the entire building

natural vibration calculated in the same direction without taking into account basement masses

period [s]

• Ae = Effective cutting area on any floor in line with the earthquake taken into account[m2]

• Ag = On any floor, in parallel with the earthquake direction taken into consideration

the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the carrier system elements operating as curtains [m2]

• Ak = On any floor, the carousel filling parallel to the earthquake direction taken into consideration

the sum of wall areas (excluding door and window spaces) [m2]

• Aw = The sum of the active body areas on any floor with the colon incision [m2]

(X)

(?i)ort = Average reduced relative floor displacement [m] on the ith floor of the building

(∆i) max = Maximum reduced relative floor offset in the second floor of the building [m]

ηbi = Torsional Irregularity Coefficient defined on the second floor

ηci = Strength Irregularity Coefficient defined on the second floor

ηki = Stiffness Irregularity Coefficient defined on the second floor

3.1. BUILDING USAGE CLASSES AND BUILDING IMPORTANCE COEFFICIENTS

3.1.1. Building Usage Classes

Building on the basis of determination of Earthquake Design Classes defined in 3.2.

Use Classes (BKS), depending on the purpose of use of buildings in Table 3.1
It has been identified.

3.1.2. Building Importance Coefficients

Building Importance Factors depending on Building Use Classes are defined in Table 3.1.

3.2. EARTHQUAKE DESIGN CLASSES

Depending on the Short Period Design Spectral acceleration Coefficient defined in 2.3.2.2, this

Earthquake Design Classes (DTS), which will be based on design under earthquake influence in the
Regulation

Table 3.2.

3.3. BUILDING HEIGHT AND BUILDING HEIGHT CLASSES

3.3.1. Building Floor and Building Height

3.3.1.1 - in basement buildings that meet both of the conditions specified in (a) and (b) below.

The floor of the building is defined at the level of the floor covering at the top level of the basement curtains.

(a) The rigid basement walls surround the building from all sides or at least three sides,

(b) In the dominant vibration mode in the direction of each of the building axes perpendicular to each other, the

basement

natural vibration period calculated for the whole building, including floors,

all basement masses, including the ground floor

the ratio to the calculated natural vibration period is less than 1.1 (Tp, all ≤1.1 Tp, upper).

3.3.1.2 - basement buildings not meeting any of the conditions given in 3.3.1.1; and

in basement buildings, the base of the building is defined at the upper elevation.
3.3.1.3. Building height HN according to 3.3.1.1 or 3.3.1.2.

measured height from the base of the building. In this definition, the roof

elevator machine room and the like

It may be taken.

3.3.2. Building Height Classes

3.3.2.1 - Eight Building Heights in terms of building heights in design under earthquake impact

Class (NMS). For buildings of this class, defined in 3.3.1.3.

elevation ranges are given in Table 3.3, depending on Earthquake Design Classes in Table 3.2.

It is given.

3.3.2.2 - Buildings specified as NMS = 1 in Table 3.3 as tall buildings according to Chapter 13

It would be classified.

3.4. BUILDING PERFORMANCE LEVELS

Based on the definition of Building Performance Objectives, the building carrier under earthquake

Building Performance Levels are defined in 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.3, 3.4.4.

This level of performance indicates that no structural damage

or the damage remains negligible.

3.4.2. Limited Damage (SH) Performance Level

This level of performance may result in limited damage to building

that is, non-linear behavior is limited to the level of damage against

It comes.

3.4.3. Controlled Damage (HR) Performance Level

This level of performance, building safety system components to ensure the safety of life

it corresponds to the level of damage that is not heavy and often repairable.

3.4.4. Immigration Prevention (PS) Performance Level

This level of performance can result in severe damage to building

corresponds to the pre-migration situation. Partial or complete collapse of the building

It is prevented.

3.5. BUILDING PERFORMANCE TARGETS UNDER EARTHQUAKE EFFECT AND

DESIGN APPROACHES TO BE APPLIED

Building performance targets under earthquake impact, earthquake ground movement defined in 2.2

levels and defined according to 3.4.

3.5.1. Building Performance Goals

3.5.1.1. For the four earthquake ground motion levels defined in 2.2.

Earthquake Design Class DTS = 1, 2, 3, 3a, 4, 4a

Seismic Design Class DTS = 1a, 2a with Normal Performance Targets

Performance Objectives are given in Table 3.4 and Table 3.5. At the request of the owner
Further performance targets corresponding to earthquake ground motion levels in Table 3.4

selected.

Table 3.4. For New Buildings or Existing Buildings According to Earthquake Design Classes

Performance Objectives and Evaluation / Design Approaches

(a) New Reinforced Concrete, Precast Concrete and Steel Buildings

(Outside Tall Buildings - NMS ≥ 2)

Controlled Damage (HR) under the influence of

3.5.2. Evaluation / Design Approaches

3.5.2.1 - The Design by Strength (DGT) approach given in Chapter 4

(DGDT)

The scope of application of the approach is given in Table 3.4 and Table 3.5.

3.5.2.2 Preliminary design of fully post-tensioned pre-fabricated buildings described in Section 8 DGT

approach, the final design will be made according to the SHGDT approach according to 8.4.3.

3.5.2.3. Design of masonry, wood and light steel buildings not specified in Table 3.4.

According to the Design by Strength (DGT) approach.

3.6. REGULAR BUILDINGS UNDER EARTHQUAKE EFFECT

3.6.1. Definition of Irregular Buildings

with regard to the identification of irregular buildings that should be avoided,

Table 3.6, the conditions related to these conditions

3.6.2.
3.6.2. Conditions for Irregular Buildings

The conditions for the irregularities described in Table 3.6 are as follows:

3.6.2.1 - Irregularities of type A1 and B2 are effective in the selection of the earthquake calculation method

according to 4.6.

are irregularities.

3.6.2.2 - in buildings with irregularities of type A2 and A3

Earthquake forces between vertical carrier system elements

two-dimensional plate (membrane) or shell finite elements

will be modeled (See 4.5.6.2).