Mole Concept & Redox Reaction

MOLE CONCEPT & REDOX REACTION
Contents
1. Level – 1 (Main) ...........................................................................................................6
2. Level – 2 (Main) ...........................................................................................................9
3. Level – 3 (Advanced) ...............................................................................................11
4. Level – 4 (Comprehension & Match the Column) ..........................................15
5. Level – 5 (Subjective Single Integer Type) .......................................................18
6. Level – 6 (Previous Years Main & Advanced)..................................................19
7. Level – 7 (NCERT Corner) ......................................................................................23
8. Answer Sheet ............................................................................................................. 35
DPP
BY
PARAG SIR
UNACADEMY
JEE – MOLE CONCEPT & REDOX REACTION – 3
MOLE CONCEPT
Quiz – 1
1. Total number of atoms represented by the compound CuSO4.5H2O is :
(A) 27 (B) 21 (C) 5 (D) 8
2. 7.5 grams of a gas occupy 5.6 litres of volume at STP the gas is :
(A) NO (B) N 2O (C) CO (D) CO2
3. The number of atoms in 4.25g of NH3 is approximately:

(A) 1 1023 (B) 2  1023 (C) 4 1023 (D) 6  1023
4. One litre of a gas at STP weight 1.16 g it can possible be:

(A) C 2H 2 (B) CO (C) O2 (D) CH4
5. The vapour density of a gas is 11.2 . The volume occupied by 11.2 g of the gas at STP will be:
(A) 11.2 L (B) 22.4 L (C) 1L (D) 44.8 L
6. The weight of a molecule of the compound C60H122 is:

(A) 1.4  10–21 g (B) 1.09  10–21g
(C) 5.025  1023 g (D) 16.023  1023 g
7. The mass of a molecule of water is :
(A) 3  10–26 kg (B) 3  10–25 kg
(C) 1.5  10–26 kg (D) 2.5  10–26 kg
8. The atomic weights of two elements A and B are 40 and 80 respectively. If x g of A contains y atoms, how
many atoms are present in 2x g of B:
(A) y/2 (B) y/4 (C) y (D) 2y
9. If NA is Avogadro's number then number of valence electrons in 4.2 g of nitride ion (N3–):
(A) 2.4 NA (B) 4.2 NA (C) 1.6 NA (D) 3.2 NA
10. How much coulomb charge is present on 1g ion of N3–:
(A) 5.2  106 Coulomb (B) 2.894  105 Coulomb
(C) 6.6  10 Coulomb
6 (D) 8.2  106 Coulomb
11. If the density of water is 1g cm then the volume occupied by one molecule of water is approximately
–3
(A) 18 cm3 (B) 22400 cm3

(C) 6.02  10 cm
–23 3 (D) 3.0  10–23 cm3
12. Caffeine has a molecular weight of 194. If it contains 28.9% by mass of nitrogen, number of atoms of
nitrogen in one molecule of caffeine is:
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 3
13. A 400 mg iron capsule contains 100 mg of ferrous fumarate, (CHCOO)2Fe. The percentage of iron present
in it is approximately:
(A) 33% (B) 25% (C) 14% (D) 7%
14. The number of gram atoms of oxygen present in 0.3 gram mole of (COOH)2.2H2O is:
(A) 0.6 (B) 1.8 (C) 1.2 (D) 3.6
15. A gaseous mixture contains CH4 and C2H6 in equimolecular proportion. The weight of 2.24 litres of this
mixture at NTP is:
(A) 4.6 g (B) 1.6 g (C) 2.3 g (D) 23 g
16. Vapour density of a metal chloride is 66. Its oxide contains 53% metal. The atomic weight of the metal is:
(A) 21 (B) 54 (C) 27.06 (D) 2.086
17. How many mole of helium gas occupy 22.4 L at 0ºC at 1 atm. pressure:
2 – MOLE CONCEPT & REDOX REACTION – JEE
(A) 0.11 (B) 0.90 (C) 1.0 (D) 1.11
18. Volume of a gas at STP is 1.12  10–7 cc. Calculate the number of molecules in it:
(A) 3.01  1020 (B) 3.01  1012 (C) 3.01  1023 (D) 3.01  1024
19. The number of molecules in 4.25g of ammonia are:
(A) 0.5  1023 (B) 1.5  1023 (C) 3.5  1023 (D) 1.8  1032
20. Which one of the following pairs of gases contains the same number of molecules:
(A) 16g of O2 and 14 g of N2 (B) 8 g of O2 and 22 g of CO2
(C) 28 g of N2 and 22 g of CO2 (D) 32 g of O2 and 32 g of N2
Weight–Weight Relationship
Illustration 4: Gypsum is a hydrate calcium sulphate. A 1.0 g sample contains 0.791 g CaSO4. How many
moles of CaSO4 are there in this sample? Assuming that the rest of the sample is water,
how many moles of H2O are there in the sample? Show that the result is consistent with the
formula CaSO4.2H2O.
Solution: 1 g hydrate CaSO4 has 0.791 g CaSO4 hence H2O = 0.209 g
0.791g
mol of CaSO4 = = 5.816  10–3 mol
136gmol1
0.209g
mol of H2O = = 11.6  10–3 mol
18gmol1
Ratio of CaSO4 : H2O = 5.816  10–3 : 11.6  10–3 = 1 : 2. Hence molecular formula is =
CaSO4.2H2O.
Volume – Volume Relationship

Illustration 5: 60 ml of a mixture of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide was exploded with excess of hydrogen.
If 38 ML of N2 was formed, calculate the volume of each gas in mixture. All measurements
are made at constant P and T. Assume H2O in liquid phase.
Solution: Let the volume of NO and N2O be a and b ml respectively.
Then,
a + b = 60 …(1)
3
NO + N2O + H2   N2 + H2O(l)
2
Volume before reaction a ml b ml excess 0 0
Volume after reaction 0 0 38 ml
1
Q 1 mole of 1 vol. No. gives Vol. N2
2
and 1 mole or 1 vol. N2O gives 1 vol. N2
a
  b = 38 ….(2)
2
By equations (1) and (2), a = 44 ml
b = 16 ml
Illustration 6: When a mixture of 10 mole of SO2, 15 mole of O2 was passed over catalyst, 8 mole of SO3
was formed. How many mole of SO2 and O2 did not enter into combination?
Solution: 2SO2 + O2   2SO3
Initial moles 10 15 8
Final moles (10 – 2x) (15 – x) 2x
Q Given 2x = 8
x=4
Mole of SO2 left = 10 – 2  4 = 2
Mole of O2 left = 15 – 4 = 11
Quiz – 2
1. 19.7 kg of gold was recovered from a smuggler. How many atoms of gold were recovered (Au = 197)
(A) 100 (B) 6.02  1023
(C) 6.02  10 24 (D) 6.02  1025
2. The total number of protons in 10 g of calcium carbonate is (N0=6.023×1023):
(A) 1.5057  1024 (B) 2.0478  1024
(C) 3.0115  1024 (D) 4.0956  1024
3. The number of molecules in 16 g of methane is:

(A) 3.0  1023 (B) 6.02  1023
16 16
(C)  1023 (D)  1023
6.02 30
4. Number of molecules in 100 ml of each of O2, NH3 and CO2 at STP are:
(A) In the order CO2 < O2 < NH3 (B) In the order NH3 < O2 < CO2
(C) The same (D) NH3 = CO2 < O2
5. The numbers of moles of BaCO3 which contain 1.5 moles of oxygen atoms is:
(A) 0.5 (B) 1
(C) 3 (D) 6.02  1023
6. The number of moles of sodium oxide in 620g of it is:

(A) 1 mol (B) 10 moles
(C) 18 moles (D) 100 moles
7. 2g of oxygen contains number of atoms equal to that in:

(A) 0.5g of hydrogen (B) 4g of sulphur
(C) 7g of nitrogen (D) 2.3g of sodium
8. The percentage of oxygen in NaOH is :

(A) 40 (B) 60 (C) 8 (D) 10
9. The percentage of nitrogen in urea is about:

(A) 46 (B) 85 (C) 18 (D) 28
10. 2 g of calcium carbonate is being strongly heated, yield a residue weighing:

(A) 2.16 g (B) 2.48 g
(C) 2.64 g (D) 1.12 g
Quiz – 3
1. Molarity of H2SO4 (density 1.8g/mL) is 18M. The molality of this H2SO4 is:
(A) 36 (B) 200 (C) 500 (D) 18
2. 25 mL of 3.0 M HNO3 are mixed with 75 mL of 4.0 M HNO3. If the volumes are additive, the molarity of the
final mixture would be:
(A) 3.25 M (B) 4.0 M (C) 3.75 M (D) 3.50 M
3. The mole fraction of water in 20% (wt./wt.) aqueous solution of H2O2 is:
77 68 20 80
(A) (B) (C) (D)
68 77 80 20
4. The molarity of pure water is:
(A) 100 M (B) 55.6 M (C) 50 M (D) 18 M
5. A solution weighing a g has molality b. The molecular mass of solute if the mass of solute is c g, will be:
c 1000 b 1000 b 1000 c 1000
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
b a  c  a a  b  c a  c  a b  a 
6. The mole fraction of a given sample of I2 in C6H6 is 0.2. The molality of I2 in C6H6 is:
(A) 0.32 (B) 3.2 (C) 0.032 (D) 0.48
7. Concentrated HNO3 is 63% by mass and has a density of 1.4 g/mL. How many milliliters of this solution
are required to prepare 250 mL of a 1.20 M HNO3 solution?
(A) 18.0 (B) 21.42 (C) 20.0 (D) 14.21
8. A compound H2X with molar weight of 80g is dissolved in a solvent having density of 0.4 g ml–1. Assuming
no change in volume upon dissolution, the molality of a 3.2 molar solution is
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9
9. 29.2% (w/w) HCI stock solution has density of 1.25 g mL–1. The molecular weight of HCI is 36.5 g mol–1. The
volume (mL) of stock solution required to prepare a 200 mL solution of 0.4 M HCI is
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 11
10. Which does not change on dilution?
(A) Molarity of solution (B) Molality of solution
(C) Millimoles of solute (D) Mole fraction of solute
REDOX REACTION
Quiz – 4
1. Reduction is defined as :
(A) Increase in positive valency (B) Gain of electrons
(C) Loss of protons (D) Decrease in negative valency
2. A compound contains atoms X, Y and Z the oxidation number of X is + 2, Y is + 5 and Z is – 2 therefore a
possible formula of the compound is :
(A) XY Z2 (B) X2(YZ3)2 (C) X3(YZ4)2 (D) X3(Y4Z)2
3. The atomic number of an element which shows the oxidation state of + 3 is :
(A) 13 (B) 32 (C) 33 (D) 17
4. Which of the following is the correct oxidation number of phosphorus in Mg2P2O7 :
(A) –3 (B) +2 (C) +5 (D) +3
5. Co(s) + Cu2+(aq)  Co2+(aq) + Cu(s). The above reaction is :

(A) Oxidation reaction (B) Reduction reaction
(C) Redox reaction (D) None of these
6. Which of the following reactions depict the oxidising behavior of H2SO4 :
(A) 2PCl5 + H2SO4  2POCl3 + 2HCl + SO2Cl2
(B) 2NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2H2O
(C) NaCl + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HCl
(D) 2HI + H2SO4  I2 + SO2 + 2H2O
7. Oxidation number of sulphur in Na2SO4 is :
(A) –2 (B) +6 (C) +2 (D) –6
8. Oxidation state of O2 in H2O2 is :
(A) –2 (B) –1 (C) +1 (D) +2
9. In C + H2O  CO + H2, H2O acts as :

(A) Oxidising agent (B) Reducing agent
(C) Both (D) None
10. If three electrons are lost by a metal ion M3+, its final oxidation number should be :
(A) 0 (B) +6 (C) +2 (D) +4
11. Oxidation number of Fe in K3[Fe(CN)6] is :
(A) +2 (B) +3 (C) +1 (D) +4
12. Reducing agent is that :
(A) Which takes electrons (B) Which takes protons
(C) Which donates electrons (D) Which donates protons
13. Oxidation number of sulphur in S2Cl2 is :
(A) +1 (B) 0 (C) –1 (D) +6
14. In a reaction between zinc and iodine in which zinc iodide is formed, what is being oxidised :
(A) Zinc ions (B) Iodide ions (C) Zinc atom (D) Iodine
15. Oxidation number of sulphur in S2O22– is :
(A) –2 (B) +1 (C) +6 (D) 0
16. Oxidation number of nitrogen in NH3 is :
(A) –3 (B) +3 (C) 0 (D) +5
17. In the following reactions : 4P + 3KOH + 3H2O  3KH2PO2 + PH3
(A) Only phosphorus is oxidized
(B) Only phosphorus is reduced
(C) Phosphorus is both oxidized and reduced
(D) Phosphorus is neither oxidized nor reduced
18. The oxidation number of nitrogen in NH2OH is :
(A) +1 (B) –1 (C) –3 (D) –2
19. Oxidation number of P in KH2PO2 is :
(A) +1 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) 7
20. In the reaction 3Cl2 + 6OH–  5Cl– + ClO3– + 3H2O chlorine is :

(A) Oxidised (B) Reduced
(C) Oxidised as well as reduced (D) Neither oxidised nor reduced
21. In the reaction 3Br2 + 6CO32– + 3H2O  5Br– + BrO3– + 6HCO3–
(A) Bromine is oxidised and carbonate is reduced
(B) Bromine is both reduced and oxidised
(C) Bromine is neither reduced nor oxidised
(D) Bromine is reduced and water is oxidised
22. For the reaction : 4Fe + 3O2  4Fe3+ + 6O2– which of the following is a wrong statement ?
(A) It is an example of redox reaction (B) Metallic iron reduces to Fe3+
(C) Fe is oxidised (D) Metallic iron is a reducing agent
23. The oxidation number of nitrogen in NH4NO3 is :
(A) +3 (B) +5 (C) – 3 and + 5 (D) + 3 and + 5
24. Which of the following reactions depict the oxidising behavior of H2SO4 :
(A) 2PCl5 + H2SO4  2POCl3 + 2HCl + SO2Cl2
(B) 2NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2H2O
(D) 2HI + H2SO4  I2 + SO2 + 2H2O
25. Reducing agent is that :
(A) Which takes electrons (B) Which takes protons
(C) Which donates electrons (D) Which donates protons
26. HBr and HI reduce sulphuric acid. HCl can reduce KMnO4 and HF can reduce :
(A) H2SO4 (B) KMnO4 (C) K2Cr2O7 (D) None of these
27. In the following reactions : 4P + 3KOH + 3H2O  3KH2PO2 + PH3
(A) Only phosphorus is oxidized
(B) Only phosphorus is reduced
(C) Phosphorus is both oxidized and reduced
(D) Phosphorus is neither oxidized nor reduced
28. In the reaction 3Cl2 + 6OH–  5Cl– + ClO3– + 3H2O chlorine is :
(A) Oxidised (B) Reduced
(C) Oxidised as well as reduced (D) Neither oxidised nor reduced
29. In the reaction 3Br2 + 6CO32– + 3H2O  5Br– + BrO3– + 6HCO3–
(A) Bromine is oxidised and carbonate is reduced
(B) Bromine is both reduced and oxidised
(C) Bromine is neither reduced nor oxidised
(D) Bromine is reduced and water is oxidised
30. For the reaction : 4Fe + 3O2  4Fe3+ + 6O2– which of the following is a wrong statement ?
(A) It is an example of redox reaction (B) Metallic iron reduces to Fe3+
(C) Fe is oxidised (D) Metallic iron is a reducing agent
1. Level – 1 (Main)
1. Consider the following reaction,
5H2O2 + xClO2 + 2OH–  xCl– + yO2 + 6H2O
The reaction is balanced if
(A) x = 5, y = 2 (B) x = 2, y = 5
(C) x = 4, y = 10 (D) x = 5, y = 5
2. Which of the following reactions do not involve oxidation–reduction?
(A) 2 Rb + 2H2O 2RbOH + H2 (B) 2CuI2  2CuI + I2
(C) NH4Cl + NaOH  NaCl + NH3 + H2O (D) 4 KCN + Fe (CN)2  K4[Fe(CN)6]
3. The reaction in which H2O2 acts as a reducing agent is
(A) PbS + 4H2O2  PbSO4 + 4H2O
(B) 2KI + H2O2  2KOH + I2
(C) 2FeSO4 + H2SO4 + H2O2  Fe2(SO4)3 + 2H2O
(D) Ag2O + H2O2  2Ag + H2O + O2
4. The valency–factor in the following reaction is:
CuS2  Cu+ + H2SO3
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) not defined (D) 5
5. 4.35 g of a sample of pyrolusite (MnO2) when heated with conc. HCl gave chlorine. The chlorine when
passed through potassium iodide solution liberated 6.35 g of iodine. The percentage purity of the pyrolusite
sample is
(A) 40 (B) 50 (C) 60 (D) 70
6. For the redox reaction
MnO–4 + C2O42– + H+  Mn2+ + CO2 + H2O
the correct coefficients of the reactants for the balanced reaction are
MnO4– C2O42– H+
(A) 2 5 16
(B) 16 5 2
(C) 5 16 2
(D) 2 16 5
7. A solution containing Na2CO3 and NaOH requires 300 ml of 0.1 NH4Cl using phenolphthalein as an
indicator. Methyl orange is then added to the above titrated solution when a further 25 ml of 0.2 N HCl is
required. The amount of NaOH present in solution is (NaOH = 40, Na2CO3 = 106)
(A) 0.8 g (B) 1.0 g (C) 1.5 g (D) 2.0 g
8. KMnO4 reacts with ferrous ammonium sulphate according to the equation

MnO4– + 5Fe2+ + 8H+  Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O
Here 10 ml of 0.1 M KMnO4 is equivalent to
(A) 20 ml of 0.1 M FeSO4 (B) 30 ml of 0.1 M FeSO4
(C) 40 ml of 0.1 M FeSO4 (D) 50 ml of 0.1 M FeSO4
9. The number of atoms in 4.25 g of NH3 is approximately
(A) 1  1023 (B) 1.5  1023 (C) 2  1023 (D) 6  1023
10. 2 gm of a metal when treated with air gave 2.8 gm of its oxide. The molecular formula of its chloride is
MCl2. The atomic weight of the metal is
(A) 20 (B) 40 (C) 60 (D) 80
11. A solution of H2O2 is titrated against a solution of KMnO4. The reaction is
2MnO4– + 5H2O2 + 6H+  2Mn2+ + 5O2 + 8H2O
If it requires 46.9 mL of 0.145 M KMnO4 to oxidize 20.0 g of H2O2, the mass percentage of H2O2 in this
solution is
(A) 2.9 (B) 29 (C) 21 (D) 4.9
12. What is the maximum amount of NO2(g) that can be produced by mixing 4.2g of NO(g) and 3.2 g of O2(g) l.
(A) 4.60g (B) 2.30g (C) 6.44g (D) none
13. 25 ml of a solution of barium hydroxide on titration with a 0.1 molar solution of hydrochloric acid gave a titre
value of 35 ml. The molarity of barium hydroxide solution was:
(A) 0.07 (B) 0.14 (C) 0.28 (D) 0.35
14. An aqueous solution of 6.3 g of oxalic acid dihydrate is made upto 250 ml. The volume of 0.1 N NaOH
required to completely neutralize 10 ml of this solution is
(A) 10 ml (B) 20 ml (C) 40 ml (D) 4 ml
15. Which of the following can act as an oxidizing as well as reducing agent?
(A) H 2S (B) SO3 (C) H 2O 2 (D) H2SO4
16. A 2.5 mol sample of hydrazine, N2H4 loses 25 mol of electrons in being converted to a new compound X.
Assuming that all of the nitrogen appears in the new compound, what is the oxidation state of nitrogen in
compound X?
(A) –1 (B) –2 (C) +3 (D) +4
17. 5 mL of N/50 Ba(OH)2 solution was poured into a 2.5–L flask filled with air containing some CO2. The flask was
then tightly corked. The CO2 was completely absorbed by the Ba(OH)2 solution. The percentage by volume of
CO2 in the air contained in flask was:
(A) 0.045 (B) 0.45 (C) 4.5 (D) 0.065
18. In an ozonizer, O2(g) is partially changed to ozone by following reaction 3O2 2O3. If 10 moles of
O2 is initially taken and final moles of reaction mixture is 8 moles then the % weight of O3 is reaction
mixture is?
(A) 40% (B) 50% (C) 60% (D) 25%
19. A mixture of NaHC2O4 and H2C2O4 is first treated with NaOH solution, for complete reaction of reaction
mixture 0.125 moles of NaOH is required. The same amount of mixture is then reacted with KMnO4
solution, the KMnO4 required for complete reaction of reaction mixture is 0.04 moles. Estimate the moles of
NaHC2O4 and H2C2O4 in the mixture.
(A) 0.025, 0.075 (B) 0.03, 0.04
(C) 0.075, 0.025 (D) 0.04, 0.03
20. One mole of hydrazine, N2H4, reacts with one mole of selenic (iv) acid, H2SeO3: the latter is reduced to
selenium (0). Into which of the following is hydrazine changed?
(A) N2 (B) 2NH3 (C) NH3 + 1/2N2 (D) 2NH2OH
21. Potassium selenate is isomorphous with K2SO4 and it contains 35.71% of Se. What is the number of atoms
of Se present in 110.44 gm of potassium selenate sample? (K  39, S  32, O  16)
(A) 0.5 (B) 2 (C) 3.10  1023 (D) 1.2  1024
22. When an alkaline solution of K2CrO4 is treated with 3% H2O2 solution, red–brown paramagnetic
peroxochromate is obtained as per following equation,
2K2CrO4 + 7H2O2 + 2KOH   2K3CrO8 + 8H2O
The equivalent weight of K2CrO4 for above transformation must be (assuming M, molar mass of K2CrO4)
M M M
(A) (B) M (C) (D)
6 12 2
23. As2S5 + aNHO3  bH3AsO4 + 5H2SO4 + eNO2 + 12H2O

In the above balanced equation, values of a, b and e respectively, will be:
(A) 2, 40, 40 (B) 40, 2, 40 (C) 1, 20, 20 (D) 20, 1, 20
24. KMnO4 reacts with oxalic acid according to the equation:
2MnO4 + 5C2 O4 + 16H+   2Mn2+ + 10CO2 + 8H2O
Here 20 mL of 0.1 M KMnO4 is equivalent to:
(A) 20 mL of 0.5 M C2H2O4 (B) 50 mL of 0.1 M C2H2O4
(C) 50 mL of 0.05 M C2H2O4 (D) 20 mL of 0.1 M C2H2O4
25. 25 c.c. of a solution containing NaOH and Na2CO3 when titrated against N/2 HCl using phenolphthalein as
indicator required 40 c.c. of HCl. The same volume of mixture when titrated against N/2 HCl using methyl
orange as indicator required 45 c.c. of HCl. Calculate the amount of NaOH and Na2CO3 in one litre of
mixture.
(A) 0.2, 0.1 (B) 0.6, 0.4 (C) 0.3, 0.1 (D) 0.7, 0.1
26. A mixture of H2C2O4 (oxalic acid) and NaHC2O4 weighing 2.02 g was dissolved in water and the solution
made upto one litre. Ten milliliters of the solution required 3.0 mL of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution for
complete neutralization. In another experiment, 10.0 mL of the same solution, in hot dilute sulphuric acid
medium, required 4.0 mL of 0.1 N potassium permanganate solution for complete reaction. Calculate the
mole of H2C2O4 and NaHC2O4 in the mixture.
(A) 0.02, 0.01 (B) 0.01, 0.01 (C) 0.02, 0.02 (D) 0.01, 0.02
27. For the reaction, Mx+ + MnO4 

 MO3 + Mn2+ + 1/2O2
If one mole of MnO4 oxidises 1.67 moles of Mx+ to MO3 , then the value of x in the reaction is:
(A) 5 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
28. 1 mole of potassium chlorate on heating decomposes by following two reactions:
2KClO3  3KCl + 3O2
4KClO3 
 KCl + 3KClO4
If the volume of O2 evolved at STP is 5.6 litres. Calculate the weight of KCl in the residue.
(A) 16 g (B) 74.5 g (C) 30 g (D) 28 g
29. A 50 ml of solution of NaHCO3 is titrated with 0.14 HCl solutions. At end point 25 ml of HCl is used up.
NaHCO3 + HCl   NaCl + H2O + CO2
The same solution of NaHCO3 is treated moles certain 100 ml of NaOH and then of BaCl2 is added. BaCO3
ppt is measured to be 2.5 moles. After the ppt is removed and HCl is added, 25 ml of acid for complete
reaction. Calculate the concentration of NaOH solution.
(A) 0.04 (B) 0.02 (C) 0.01 (D) 0.1
30. A solution of H2CO3 is neutralized by 0.1 NaOH solution of vol=50ml using phenolphthalein as an
indicator, such that at indicator end point, all the carbonic acid is change to Na2CO3. How many moles of
CO2 needs to be further dissolved, such that the solution becomes colourless. (Assuming CO2 dissolved in
water is changed into H2CO3).
(A) 5  10–3 (B) 2.5  10–3 (C) 3  10–3 (D) 6  10–3
2. Level – 2 (Main)
1. These three equations describe an oxidation–reduction method for determining dissolved oxygen in water. How
many moles of S2 O32- are equivalent of each mole of O2?
1. 2Mn2 (aq)  4OH –(aq)  O2(g)  2MnO2(S)  2H2O(I)
2. MnO2(s)  2I –(aq)  4H (aq)  Mn2 (aq)  I2O(aq)  2H2O(I)
3. 2 S2O3 2–(aq)  I 2(aq)   S4O6 2– (aq)  2I – (aq)
(A) 0.5 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
2. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is 12.0M and is 36.0% hydrogen chloride by mass. What is its density?
(A) 1.22 g. mL– 1 (B) 1.10 g. mL– 1 (C) 1.01 g. mL– 1 (D) 0.820 g. mL– 1
3. A vessel contain since alkene (CnH2n) and stoichiometric amount of O2(g), which is just sufficient to bring
about complete oxidation of alkene. If the initial pressure is P0 and final pressure is P0/2 at STP. The
formula of the alkene is?
(A) C5H10 (B) C 2H 4 (C) C 3H 6 (D) C 4H 8
4. For the given reaction, the number of mole of electrons exchanged when one mole of the given reaction is
complete is?
4OH– + 6MnO2 + 4Cl2O   4MnO4 + 2MnCl2 + 2Cl2 + O2 + 2H2O
(A) 6 moles (B) 12 moles (C) 16 moles (D) 8 moles
5. 50 ml of 0.1 M KI solution is slowly oxidized by atmospheric oxygen according to the following equation:
4I– + O2 + 6H3 O 
 I2 + 4HI + 8H2O
I2 formed then quickly reacts with I– to form I3
I2 + I–  I3

What will be the final concentration of I3 in the solution:
(A) 0.025 M (B) 0.033 M (C) 0.01 M (D) 0.066 M
6. One mole of N2H4 loses 10 mol of electrons to form a new compound Y. Assuming that all nitrogen appear in the
new compound, what is the oxidation state of N2 in Y? (There is no change in the oxidation state of hydrogen)
(A) +3 (B) –3 (C) –1 (D) +5
7. MnO24 (1 mole) in neutral aqueous medium is disproportionate to:
(A) 2/3 mole of MnO4 and 1/3 mole of MnO2
(B) 1/3 mole of MnO4 and 2/3 mole of MnO2
(C) 1/3 mole of Mn2O7 and 1/3 mole of MnO2
(D) 2/3 mole of Mn2O7 and 1/3 mole of MnO2
8. Calculate the number of oxygen atoms required to combine with 7 g of N2 to form N2O3 when 80% of N2 is
converted into N2O3.
(A) 2.3  1023 (B) 3.6  1023 (C) 1.8  1021 (D) 5.4  1021
9. A solution containing both Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 was treated with excess of CaCl2 solution and filtered.
The precipitate weighed m1 gram. On adding NaOH in drops to the filtrate avoiding excess, a further m2
grams was precipitated. If after adding excess of CaCl2, the solution (had not been filtered out) was simply
boiled and then filtered, what would be the total weight of the precipitate?
 m2 
(A) (m1 + m2)g (B)  m1  g
 2 
m1  m2   m1 
(C) g (D)  m2  g
2  2 
10. For 1.34  10–3 moles of KBrO3 to reduce into bromide 4.02  10–3 mole of Xn+ ion is needed. New
oxidation state of X is:
(A) n+2 (B) n–2 (C) 2 (D) –2
11. A 20 ml (specific gravity 1.02) of chlorine water is treated with excess of KI and the liberated iodine
required 25 ml of 0.2 N Na2S2O3. The percentage of free chlorine in chlorine water is:
(A) 0.87 (B) 87 (C) 0.78 (D) 0.82
12. When 5.6g of iron combined with Sulphur, 8.8g of iron sulphide were formed. What will be the equivalent mass of
iron (EFe) if the equivalent mass of Sulphur is 16 gm/mol?
(A) 18 g (B) 28 g (C) 38 g (D) 48 g
13. 25 mL of 0.50 M H2O2 solution is added to 50 mL of 0.20 M KMnO4 in acidic solution. Which of the
following statements is true?
(A) 0.010 mole of oxygen librated
(B) 0.005 mole of KMnO4 are left
(C) 0.030g atom of oxygen gas is evolved
(D) 0.0025 mole H2O2 does not react with KMnO4
14. A 0.518g sample of lime stone is dissolved in HCl and then the calcium is precipitated as CaC2O4. After
filtering and washing the precipitate, it requires 40.0 mL of 0.250 N KMnO4, solution acidified with H2SO4 to
titrate it as: MnO4 +H+ +C2O2- 2+
4  Mn +CO2 + 2H2 O . The % of CaO in sample will be:
(A) 54.0% (B) 27.1% (C) 42% (D) 84%
15. What volume of Hydrogen gas, at 273 K and 1 atm pressure will be consumed in obtaining 21.6 g of
elemental boron (atomic mass = 10.8) from the reduction of boron trichloride by Hydrogen
(A) 22.4 L (B) 89.6 L (C) 67.2 L (D) 44.8 L
16. 50 mL of 0.1 M solution of a salt reacted with 25 mL of 0.1 M solution of sodium sulphite. The half reaction
for the oxidation of sulphite ion is :–
SO32  (aq) + H2O ( l )  SO24 (aq) + 2H+ (aq) + 2e–
If the oxidation number of metal in the salt was 3, what would be the new oxidation number of metal :
(A) zero (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
17. An element A in a compound ABD has oxidation number An–. It is oxidised by Cr2O72– in acid medium. In
the experiment 1.68  10–3 moles of K2Cr2O7 were used for 3.26  10–3 moles of ABD. The new oxidation
number of A after oxidation is :–
(A) 3 (B) 3–n (C) n–3 (D) +n
18. The incorrect order of decreasing oxidation number of S in compounds is :–

(A) H2S2O7 > Na2S4O6 > Na2S2O3 > S8 (B) H2SO5 > H2SO3 > SCl2 > H2S
(C) SO3 > SO2 > H2S > S8 (D) H2SO4 > SO2 > H2S > H2S2O8
19. Which reaction does not represent autoredox or disproportionation :–

(A) Cl2 + OH–   Cl– + ClO3– + H2O (B) 2H2O2   H 2O + O 2
(C) 2Cu 
+  Cu+2 + Cu (D) (NH4)2Cr2O7   N2 + Cr2O3 + 4H2O
20. Match List–I (Compounds) with List–II (Oxidation states of nitrogen) and select answer using the codes
given below the lists :–
List–I List–II
(a) NaN3 1. +5
(b) N 2H 2 2. +2
(c) NO 3. –1/3
(d) N 2O 5 4. –1
Code : (a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 3 4 2 1 (B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 1 2 (D) 4 3 1 2
21. Which of the following is a redox reaction :–

(A) 2 CrO42– + 2H+   Cr2O72– + H2O (B) CuSO4 + 4 NH3 
 [Cu(NH3)4] SO4
(C) Na2S2O3 + I2   Na2S4O6 + NaI (D) Cr2O7 + 2OH 
2– –  2 CrO42– + H2O
22. In which of the following reaction is there a change in the oxidation number of nitrogen atoms :–
(A) 2 NO2   N 2O 4 (B) NH3 + H2O   NH4+ + OH–
(C) N2O5 + H2O   2HNO3 (D) none
23. In the reaction

xHI + yHNO3  NO + I2 + H2O
(A) x = 3, y = 2 (B) x = 2, y = 3 (C) x = 6, y = 2 (D) x = 6, y = 1
24. For the redox reaction :

MnO4– + C2O42– + H+   Mn2+ + CO2 + H2O
the correct stoichiometric coefficients of MnO4–, C2O42– and H+ are respectively
(A) 2, 5, 16 (B) 16, 5, 2 (C) 5, 16, 2 (D) 2, 16, 5
25. Which of the following relations is incorrect :–

(A) 3 N Al2 (SO4)3 = 0.5 M Al2 (SO4)3 (B) 3 M H2SO4 = 6 N H2 SO4
(C) 1 M H3PO4 = 1/3 N H3PO4 (D) 1 M Al2 (SO4)3 = 6 N Al2(SO4)3
26. The mass of oxalic acid crystals (H2C2O4. 2H2O) required to prepare 50 mL of a 0.2 N solution is :–
(A) 4.5 g (B) 6.3 g (C) 0.63 g (D) 0.45 g
27. 125 mL of 63% (w/v) H2C2O4. 2H2O is made to react with 125 mL of a 40% (w/v) NaOH solution. The
resulting solution is :–
(A) neutral (B) acidic (C) strongly acidic (D) alkaline
28. A certain weight of pure CaCO3 is made to react completely with 200 mL of an HCl solution to give 224 mL
of CO2 gas at STP. The normality of the HCl is :–
(A) 0.05 N (B) 0.1 N (C) 1.0 N (D) 0.2 N
29. The volume of 1.5 MH3PO4 solution required to neutralize exactly 90 mL of a 0.5 M Ba (OH)2 solution is :–
(A) 10 mL (B) 30 mL (C) 20 mL (D) 60 mL
30. Volume V1 mL of 0.1 MK2Cr2O7 is needed for complete oxidation of 0.678 g N2H4 in acidic medium. The
volume of 0.3 M KMnO4 needed for same oxidation in acidic medium will be :–
2 5
(A) V1 (B) V1 (C) 113 V1 (D) can't say
5 2
3. Level – 3 (Advanced)
Single Choice
1. 20 g of an ideal gas contains only atoms of S and O occupies 5.6 L at 1 atm and 273 K. What is the
molecular mass of gas?
(A) 64 (B) 80 (C) 96 (D) None of these
2. Common salt obtained from sea-water contains 8.775% NaCl by mass. The number of formula units of
NaCl present in 25 g of this salt is:
(A) 3.367  1023 formula units (B) 2.258  1022 formula units
(C) 3.176  1023 formula units (D) 4.73  1025 formula units
3. Indium (atomic mass = 114.82) has two naturally occurring isotopes, the predominant one form has
isotopic mass 114.9041 and abundance of 95.72%. Which of the following isotopic mass is the most likely
for the other isotope?
(A) 112.94 (B) 115.90 (C) 113.90 (D) 114.90
4. Calculate density of a gaseous mixture which consist of 3.01  1024 molecules of N2 and 32 g of O2 gas at
3 atm pressure and 860 K temperature (Given : R = 1/12 atm L/mole. K)
(A) 0.6 g/L (B) 1.2 g/L (C) 0.3 g/L (D) 12 g/L
5. The 25 mL of a 0.15 M solution of lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 reacts with all of the aluminium sulphate,
Al2(SO4)3, present in 20 mL of a solution. What is the molar concentration of the Al2(SO4)3?
3Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq)   3PbSO4(s) + 2Al(NO3)3(aq)
(A) 6.25  10–2 M (B) 2.421  10–2 M
(C) 0.1875 M (D) None of these
6. Three solutions X, Y, Z of HCl are mixed to produce 100 mL of 0.1 M solution. The molarities of X, Y and Z
are 0.07 M, 0.12 M and 0.15 M respectively. What respective volume of X, Y and Z should be mixed?
(A) 50 mL, 25 mL, 25 mL (B) 20 mL, 60 mL, 20 mL
(C) 40 mL, 30 mL, 30 mL (D) 55 mL, 20 mL, 25 mL
7. 2 mole of N2H4 loses 16 mole of electron is being converted to a new compound. Assuming that all of the N
appears in the new compound. What is the oxidation state of 'N' in X?
(A) –1 (B) –2 (C) +2 (D) +4
8. It 0.1 mole H3POx is completely neutralized by 5.6 g KOH then select the true statement.
(A) x = 3 and given acid is dibasic
(B) x = 4 and given acid has no P–H linkage
(C) x = 2 and given acid does not form acid salt
(D) all of these
9. 1 M NaOH solution was slowly added into 1000 mL of 183.75 g impure H2SO4 solution of the following plot
was obtained. The percentage purity of H2SO4 sample and slope of curve respectively are:
2
[H+]
(mol/L) 1
1 2 3
Volume of NaOH added

(L)
1 1
(A) 75%,  (B) 80%, 
3 2
(C) 80%, –1 (D) None of these
10. Statement 1: In the balanced redox reaction,

xAs2S3 + yNO3 + 4H2O   aAsO34 + bNO + cSO24 + 8H+
the n-factor of As2S3 and NO3 are respectively:
(A) x : y is 3 : 28 (B) x : y is 28 : 3
(C) x : y is 4 : 24 (D) x : y is 24 : 4
11. A volume of 12.5 mL of 0.05 M SeO2 reacts with 25 mL of 0.1 M CrSO4 which is oxidized to Cr3+. To what
oxidation state was the selenium converted by the reaction?
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D) 6
12. 10 g mixture of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4 was treated with excess of KI in acidic medium. Iodine liberated
required 100 cm3 of 2.2 N sodium thiosulphate solution for titration. If the mass present of KMnO4 in the
mixture Z, then what is the value of 2Z/5?
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 6
13. In an ore the only oxidisable material is Sn2+. This ore is titrated with a dichromate solution containing 2.5 g
K2Cr2O7 in 0.50 litre. A 0.40 g of sample of the ore required 10.0 cm3 of the titrant to reach equivalent point.
If the percentage of tin in ore is x, then what is the value of x/17? (K = 39.1, Cr = 52, Sn = 118.7)
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 9
14. During a redox titration involving a solution containing Fe2+ ions against MnO4 in the presence of excess
of H+ ions, the number of electrons that get transferred is:
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 2
15. A sample of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has the following percentage composition : Ca = 40%, C = 12%,
O = 48%. If the law of constant proportions is true, then the mass of calcium in 4 g of a sample of calcium
carbonate obtained from another source will be:
(A) 0.016 g (B) 0.16 g (D) 1.6 g (D) 16 g
Multiple Choice
16. 1 g atom of nitrogen represents:
(A) 6.02  1023 N2 molecules (B) 22.4 litre of N2 at 1 atm and 273 K
(C) 11.2 litre of N2 at 1 atm and 273 K (D) 14 g of nitrogen
17. 1 g molecule of V2O5 contains:

(A) 5 mole of oxygen atom (B) 2 mole of V atom
(C) 1 mole of oxygen atom (D) 2.5 mole of oxygen atom
18. Select the dimensionless quantity(ies):

(A) vapour density (B) molarity
(C) specific gravity (D) mass fraction
19. Which of the following concentration terms is/are affected by a change in temperature?
(A) Molarity (B) Molality
(C) Normality (D) Specific gravity
20. Which of the following statements regarding the compound AxBy is/are correct?
(A) 1 mole of AxBy contains 1 mole of A and 1 mole B
(B) 1 equivalent of AxBy contains 1 equivalent of A and 1 equivalent of B
(C) 1 mole of AxBy contains x moles of A and y moles of B
(D) equivalent mass of AxBy = equivalent mass of A + equivalent mass of B
21. 1 mole of Ba(OH)2 will exactly neutralize?

(A) 0.5 mole HCl (B) 1 mole of H2SO4
(C) 1 mole of H3PO3 (D) 2 mole of H3PO2
22. The pair of species having different percentage (mass) of carbon is:
(A) CH3COOH and C6H12O6 (B) CH3COOH and C2H5OH
(C) HCOOCH3 and HCOOH (D) C2H5OH and CH3OCH3
23. 30 mL of CH3OH (d = 0.8 g/cm3) is mixed with 60 mL of C2H5OH (d = 0.92 g/cm3) at 25C to form a
solution of density 0.88 g/cm3. Select the correct option:
(A) Molarity and molality of resulting solution are 6.33 and 13.59 respectively
(B) The mole fraction of solute and molality are 0.385 and 13.59 respectively
(C) Molarity and % change in volume are 13.59 and zero respectively
(D) Mole fraction of solvent and molality are 0.615 and 13.59 respectively
24. Which of the following is/are correct for 17 g/L of H2O2 solution?
(A) Volume strengths is 5.6 at 273 K and 1 atm
(B) Molarity of solution is 0.5 M
(C) 1 mL of this solution gives 2.8 mL O2 at 273 K and 2 atm
(D) The normality of solution is 2 N
25. Solutions containing 23 g HCOOH is/are:

w
(A) 46 g of 70%   HCOOH (dsolution = 1.40 g/mL)
V
(B) 50 g of 10 M HCOOH (dsolution = 1 g/mL)
w
(C) 50 g of 25%   HCOOH
V
(D) 46 g of 5 M HCOOH (dsolution = 1 g/mL)
26. A sample of H2O2 solution labeled as "28 volume" has density of 265 g/L. Mark the correct option(s)
representing concentration of same solution in other units:
w
(A) MH2O2 = 2.5 (B) %   = 17
V
(C) Mole fraction of H2O2 = 0.2 (D) mH2 O2 = 13.88
27. A mixture of 100 mL of CO, CO2 and O2 was sparked. When the resulting gaseous mixture was passed
through KOH solution, contraction in volume was found to be 80 mL. The composition of initial mixture may
be (in the same order):
(A) 30 mL, 60 mL, 10 mL (B) 30 mL, 50 mL, 20 mL
(C) 50 mL, 30 mL, 20 mL (D) 20 mL, 70 mL, 10 mL
28. If 1 mole of H3PO4 reacts with 1 mole of X(OH)2 as shown below:

H3PO4 + X(OH)2   XHPO4 + 2H2O then:
mol. mass
(A) the equivalent mass of base is
2
98
(B) the eq. mass of H3PO4 is
3
(C) the resulting solution requires 1 mole NaOH for complete neutralization
(D) minimum 1 mole of X(OH)2 is required for complete neutralization of XHPO4
29. In acidic medium dichromate ion osxidizes stannous ion as:
xSn2+ + yCr2 O72  + zH+   aSn4+ + bCr3+ + cH2O
(A) the value of x : y is 1 : 3 (B) the value of x + y + z is 18
(C) a : b is 3 : 2 (D) the value of z – c is 7
30. When a equimolar mixture of Cu2S and CuS is titrated with Ba(MnO4)2 in acidic medium, the final products
contain Cu2+, SO2 and Mn2+. If the mol. mass of Cu2S, CuS and Ba(MnO4)2 are M1, M2 and M3 respectively
then:
M
(A) eq. mass of Cu2S is 1
8
M2
(B) eq. mass of CuS is
6
M
(C) eq. mass of Ba(MnO4)2 is 3
5
(D) Cu2S and CuS both have same equivalents in mixture
4. Level – 4 (Comprehension & Match the Column)
CMP: The strength of H2O2 is expressed in several ways like molarity, normality, %(w/V), volume
strength, etc. The strength of "10 V" means 1 volume of H2O2 on decomposition gives 10 volumes
of oxygen at 1 atm and 273 K or 1 litre of H2O2 gives 10 litre of O2 at 1 atm and 273 K. The
decomposition of H2O2 is shown in under:
1
H2O2(aq)   H2O( l ) + O2(g)
2
H2O2 can acts as oxidizing as well as reducing agent. As oxidizing agent H2O2 is converted into H2O
and as reducing agent H2O2 and as reducing agent H2O2 is converted into O2. For both cases its n-
factor is 2.
 Normality of H2O2 solution = 2  Molarity of H2O2 solution
1. What is the molarity of "11.2 V" H2O2?
(A) 1M (B) 2M (C) 5.6 M (D) 11.2 M
2. What is the percentage strength (% w/V) of "11.2 V" H2O2?

(A) 1.7 (B) 3.4 (C) 34 (D) None of these
3. 20 mL of H2O2 solution is reacted with 80 mL of 0.05 M KMnO4 in acidic medium then what is the volume
strength of H2O2?
(A) 2.8 (B) 5.6 (C) 11.2 (D) None of these
4. 40 g Ba(MnO4)2 (mol. mas = 375) sample containing some inert impurities in acidic medium completely
reacts with 125 mL of "33.6 V" of H2O2. What is the percentage purity of the sample?
(A) 28.12% (B) 70.31% (C) 85% (D) None of these
Molecular mass / Atomic mass

CMP: Equivalent mass =
n  factor
n-factor is very important in redox as well as non-redox reactions. With the help of n-factor we can
predict the molar ratio of the reactant species taking part in reactions. The reciprocal of n-factor's
ratio of the reactants is the molar ratio of the reactants.
In general n-factor of acid/base is number of moles of H+/OH– furnished per mole of acid/base. n-
factor of a reactant is number of moles of electrons lost or gained per mole of reactant.
Example 1:
1. In acidic medium : KMnO4 (n = 5)   Mn2+
2. In neutral medium : KMnO4 (n = 3)   Mn2+
3. In basic medium : KMnO4 (n = 1)   Mn6+
Example 2 : FeC2O4   Fe3+ + 2CO2
Total number of moles of e– lost by 1 mole of FeC2O4
=1+12=3
5. n-factor of Ba(MnO4)2 in acidic medium is:
(A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 10 (D) None of these
6. Consider the following reaction

H3PO2 + NaOH   NaH2PO2 + H2O
What is the equivalent mass of H3PO2? (mol. wt. is M)
(A) M (B) M/2 (C) M/3 (D) None of these
7. For the reaction, Fe0.95 O (molar mass = M) 

 Fe2O3, what is the eq. mass of Fe0.95 O?
M M
(A) (B)
0.85 0.95
M
(C) (D) None of these
0.8075
8. In the reaction, xVO + yFe2O3   FeO + V2O5, what is the value of x and y respectively?
(A) 1, 1 (B) 2, 3 (C) 3, 2 (D) None of these
CMP: Consider the following series of reactions:

Cl2 + 2NaOH   NaCl + NaClO + H2O
3NaClO   2NaCl + NaClO3
4NaClO3   3NaClO4 + NaCl
9. How much Cl2 is required to prepare 122.5 g of NaClO4 by above sequential reactions?
(A) 284 g (B) 213 g (C) 142 g (D) 71 g
10. How many moles of NaCl will be formed by using 1 mole Cl2 and other reagents in excess?
1
(A) mole (B) 1.67 mole (C) 1.75 mole (D) 0.75 mole
12
11. How many moles of NaClO3 obtained after the completion of reaction by taking 1 mole Cl2 and other
reagents in excess?
1 1
(A) mole (B) Zero (C) mole (D) 1 mole
3 4
CMP: Redox reactions are those in which oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously. Oxidising
agent can gain electron whereas reducing agent can lose electron easily. The oxidation state of any
element can never be in fraction. If oxidation number of any element comes out be in fraction, it is
average oxidation number of that element which is present in different oxidation states.
12. The oxidation state of Fe in Fe3O4 is:
(A) 2 and 3 (B) 8/3 (C) 2 (D) 3
1
N 3
13. N H, in this compound HN3 (hydrazoic acid), oxidation state N1, N2 and N3 are:
N
2
(A) 0, 0, 3 (B) 0, 0, –1 (C) 1, 1, –3 (D) –3, –3, –3
14. Equivalent weight of chlorine molecule in the equation:

3Cl2 + 6NaOH   5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O
(A) 42.6 (B) 35.5 (C) 59.1 (D) 71
15. Which of the following can be both oxidising as well as reducing agent?
(A) H2 (B) I2 (C) H 2O 2 (D) All of these
16. The oxidation number of sulphur in K2S2O8 is:

(A) +2 (B) +4 (C) +7 (D) +6
Match The Column

Answer Q. 17, Q.18 and Q.19 by appropriately matching the information given in the three columns of the following
table.
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3

(I)  z H2PO2 + PH3
xP4 + y OH + 3H2O  (i) x = 2, y = 2, z = 1 (P) Hydrolysis
(II) xNCl3 + yH2O 
 NH3 + zHOCl (ii) x = 2, y = 2, z = 2 (Q) disproportionation redox
Hydrolysis + disproportionation
(III) xKO2 + 2H2O 
 yKOH + zH2O2 + O2 (iii) x = 1, y = 3, z = 3 (R)
redox
(IV) xH2O + yF2   zHF + O2 (iv) x = 2, y = 2, z = 4 (S) displacement redox
17. The only CORRECT combination is:
(A) (I), (ii), (S) (B) (III), (iii), (Q) (C) (IV), (iv), (P) (D) (III), (ii), (P)

(A) (III), (i), (R) (B) (III), (ii), (S) (C) (IV), (i), (P) (D) (II), (iii), (R)

(A) (II), (iii), (P) (B) (III), (i), (P) (C) (IV), (ii), (Q) (D) (I), (iii), (S)
A gas mixture contains 11 g of CO2, 4g He(g), 8 g of O2, 42 g of N2. Answer Q. 20, Q.21 and Q.22 by appropriately
matching the information given in the three columns of the following table.
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
1
(I) CO2 (i) Na molecular (P) Molarity at STP =
44.8
Na 1
(II) He (ii) atoms (Q) Molarity at STP =
2 67.2
Na 1
(III) O2 (iii) molecular (R) Molarity at STP =
2 268.8
2
(IV) N2 (iv) 3 Na atoms (S) Molarity at STP =
67.2
(A) (I), (ii), (R) (B) (III), (ii), (R) (C) (II), (i), (P) (D) (IV), (i), (S)

(A) (II), (i), (P) (B) (II), (i), (Q) (C) (IV), (iv), (S) (D) (I), (i), (P)

(A) (IV), (iv), (P) (B) (IV), (iv), (S) (C) (III), (ii), (S) (D) (I), (iv), (P)
23. Match the Column.

Column I Column II
(A) 44 g CO2 gas (P) 1 g molecule
(B) 35.2 g of CH4 (Q) NA molecule
(C) 48 g of O3 gas (R) 22 NA electrons
(D) 44 g of N2O gas (S) 49.28 L at 1 atm and 273 K
(T) NA atoms of oxygen

Column I [Atomic mass (M)] Column II (% composition of heavier isotope)
Isotope–II Isotope–II Average
(A) (z – 1) (z + 3) z (P) 25% by moles
(B) (z + 1) (z + 3) (z + 2) (Q) 50% by moles
(C) z 3z 2z (R) % by mass dependent on z
(D) (z – 1) (z + 1) z (S) 75% by mass

Column I Column II (Type of Redox Reaction)
(A) Br2 + OH–  
 BrO +
3 Br– (P) Intermolecular
(B) FeCl2 + KMnO4 + HCl 
 MnCl2 + (Q) Intramolecular
FeCl3
(C) 1 (R) Disproportion
Ag2O 
 Ag + O2
2
(D) NH4NO3 
 N 2O + H 2O (S) Comproportion
5. Level – 5 (Subjective Single Integer Type)

1. What volume of a liquid (in L) will contain 10 mole? If molar mass of liquid is 280 and its density is 1.4
g/mL.
2. 16 g of SOx gas occupies 5.6 L at 1 atm and 273 K. What will be the value of x?
3. 200 mL of 1M HCl is mixed with 300 mL of 6 M HCl and the final solution is diluted to 1000 mL. Calculate
molar concentration of [H+] ion.
4. N2(g) reacts with H2(g) in either of the following ways depending upon supply of H2(g):
N2 (g) + H2(g)   N 2H 2( l )
N2(g) + 2H2(g)   N2H4(g)
If 5 L N2(g) and 3 L H2(g) are taken initially (at same temperature and pressure), calculate the
concentration in volume after the reaction (in L).
5. One commercial system removes SO2 emission from smoke at 95C by the following set of reaction:
SO2(g) + Cl2(g)   SO2Cl2(g)
SO2Cl2(g) + H2O( l )  H2SO4 + HCl
H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2   CaSO4 + H2O
How many grams of CaSO4 may be produced from 3.78 g of SO2?
6. W is the mass of iron (in g) which will be converted into Fe3O4 by the action of 18 g of steam on it. What is
the value of W/7?
Fe + H2O   Fe3O4 + H2
7. Calculate the total moles of atoms of each element present in 122.5 g of KClO3.
8. On dissolving 2.0 g of metal in sulphuric acid, 4.51 g of the metal sulphate was formed. the specific heat of
the metal is 0.057 cal g–1 C–1. What is the valency of the metal?
9. One gram of a metallic chloride was found to contain 0.835 g of chlorine. Its vapour density is 85.5. If its
molecular formula is MxCly, then what is value of (x + y)?
10. A mixture contains 1.0 mole each of NaOH, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3. When half of mixture is titrated with
HCl, it required x mole of HCl in presence of phenolphthalein. In another experiment, half of mixture
required y mole of same HCl in presence of methyl orange. Find the value of (x + y).
11. A sample of 28 mL of H2O2(aq) solution required 10 mL of 0.1 M KMnO4(aq) solution for complete reaction
in acidic medium. What is the volume strength of H2O2?
x
12. For the redox reaction given below, what is the value of ?
z
xNO3  yAs2 S3  zH2 O 
    AsO34    NO    SO24    H
13. 100 cm3 of a solution of an acid (Molar mass = 98) containing 29.4 g of the acid per litre were completely
neutralized by 90.0 cm3 of aq. NaOH containing 20 g of NaOH per 500 cm3. The basicity of the acid is:
14. The concentration of an oxalic acid solution is 'x' mol litre–1. 40 mL of this solution reacts with 16 mL of 0.05
M acidified KMnO4. What is the pH of 'x' M oxalic acid solution? (Assume that oxalic acid dissociates
completely.)
15. 6  10–3 mole K2Cr2O7 reacts completely with 9  10–3 mole Xn+ to give XO3 and Cr3+. The value of n is:
6. Level – 6 (Previous Years Main & Advanced)
JEE-Main
Mole Concept
1. The ratio of masses of oxygen and nitrogen in a particular gaseous mixture is 1 : 4. The ratio of number of
their molecules is: (2014)
(A) 3 : 16 (B) 1:4 (C) 7 : 32 (D) 1:8
2. The molarity of a solution obtained by mixing 750 mL of 0.5 M HCl with 250 mL of 2 M HCl will be: (2013)
(A) 0.975 M (B) 0.875 M (C) 1.00 M (D) 1.75 M
3. In the reaction 2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq)  2Al3+(aq) + 6Cl–(aq) + 3H2(g) (2007)
(A) 11.2 L H2(g) at STP is produced for every mole HCl(aq) consumed
(B) 6 L HCl(aq) is consumed for every 3 L H2(g) produced
(C) 33.6 L H2(g) is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts
(D) 67.2 L H2(g) at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts
4. How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg3(PO4)2 will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms? (2006)
(A) 0.02 (B) 3.125  10–2 (C) 1.25  10–2 (D) 2.5  10–2
5. If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit,
the mass of one mole of a substance will (2005)
(A) decrease twice
(B) increase two fold
(C) remain unchanged
(D) be a function of the molecular mass of the substance
6. What volume of hydrogen gas, at 273 K and 1 atm, pressure will be consumed in obtaining 21.6 g of
elemental boron (atomic mass = 10.8) from the reduction of boron trichloride by hydrogen? (2003)
(A) 89.6 L (B) 67.2 L (C) 44.8 L (D) 22.4 L
7. With increase of temperature, which of these changes? (2002)
(A) Molality (B) Weight fraction of solute
(C) Fraction of solute present in water (D) Mole fraction
8. Number of atoms in 558.5 grams Fe (at. wt. of Fe = 55.85 g mol–1) is (2002)

(A) twice that in 60 g carbon (B) 6.023  1022
(C) half that in 8 g He (D) 558.5  6.023  1023
9. The most abundant elements by mass in the body of a healthy human adult are : oxygen (61.4%), carbon
(22.9%), hydrogen (10.0%) and nitrogen (2.6%). The weight which a 75 kg person would gain if all 1H
atoms are replaced by 2H atom is: (2017_offline)
(A) 7.5 kg (B) 10 kg (C) 15 kg (D) 37.5 kg
10. 1 gram of a carbonate (M2CO3) on treatment with excess HCl produces 0.01186 mole of CO2. The molar
mass of M2CO3 in g mol–1 is: (2017_offline)
(A) 118.6 (B) 11.86 (C) 1186 (D) 84.3
11 Excess of NaOH(aq) was added to 100 mL of FeCl3(aq) resulting into 2.14 g of Fe(OH)3. The molarity of
FeCl3(aq) is:
(Given: molar mass of Fe = 56 g mol–1 and molar mass of Cl = 35.5 g mol–1) (2017_offline)
(A) 0.2 M (B) 1.8 M (C) 0.3 M (D) 0.6 M
12. What quantity (in mL) of a 45% acid solution of a monoprotic strong acid must be mixed with a 20%
solution of the same acid to produce 800 mL of a 29.875% acid solution? (2017_online)
(A) 330 (B) 316 (C) 320 (D) 325
13. At 300 K and 1 atm, 15 mL of a gaseous hydrocarbon requires 375 mL air containing 20% O2 by volume
for complete combustion. After combustion the gases occupy 330 mL. Assuming that the water formed is
in liquid form and the volume were measured at the same temperature and pressure, the formula of the
hydrocarbon is: (2016_Offline)
(A) C 3H 6 (B) C 3H 8 (C) C 4H 8 (D) C4H10
14. 5 L of an alkane requires 25 L of oxygen for its complete combustion. If all volumes are measured at
constant temperature and pressure, the alkane is: (2016_Offline)
(A) isobutane (B) ethane (C) butane (D) propane
15. An organic compound contains C, H and S. The minimum molecular weight of the compound containing
8% sulphur is: (atomic weight of S = 32 amu) (2016_Offline)
(A) 600 g mol–1 (B) 200 g mol–1 (C) 400 g mol–1 (D) 300 g mol–1
16. The amount of arsenic pentasulphide that can be obtained when 35.5 g arsenic acid is treated with excess
H2S in the presence of conc. HCl (assuming 100% conversion) is: (2016_Offline)
(A) 0.25 (B) 0.50 mol (C) 0.333 mol (D) 0.125 mol
17. The volume of 0.1 N dibasic acid sufficient to neutralize 1 g of a base that furnishes 0.04 mole of OH– in
aqueous solution is: (2016_Online)
(A) 400 mL (B) 600 mL (C) 200 mL (D) 800 mL
18. 3 g of activated charcoal was added to 50 mL of acetic acid solution (0.06 N) in a flask. After an hour it was
filtered and the strength of the filtrate was found to be 0.042 N. The amount of acetic acid adsorbed (per
gram of charcoal) is: (2015_Offline)
(A) 42 mg (B) 54 mg (C) 18 mg (D) 36 mg
19. A sample of a hydrate of barium chloride weighing 61 g was heated until all the water of hydration in
removed. The dried sample weighed 52 g. The formula of the hydrated salt is (atomic mass Ba = 137 amu,
Cl = 35.5 amu) (2015_Offline)
(A) BaCl2.H2O (B) BaCl2.2H2O (C) BaCl2.3H2O (D) BaCl2.4H2O
20. A + 2B + 3C ‡ˆ ˆˆ ˆ†
ˆˆ AB2C3
Reaction of 6.0 g of A, 6.0  1023 atoms of B, and 0.036 mol of C yields 4.8 g of compound AB2C3. If the
atomic mass of A and C are 60 and 80 amu, respectively, the atomic mass of B is
(Avolgadro no. = 6  1023) (2015_Online)
(A) 70 amu (B) 60 amu (C) 50 amu (D) 40 amu
Redox Reaction
21. In which of the following reactions, H2O2 acts as a reducing agent? (2014)
(1) H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e–   2H2O
(2) H2O2 – 2e –  O2 + 2H+
(3) H2O2 + 2e –  2OH–
(4) H2O2 + 2OH– – 2e–   O2 + 2H2O
(A) 2, 4 (B) 1, 2 (C) 3, 4 (D) 1, 3
22. Consider the following reaction (2013)

z
xMnO4  yC2 O24  zH   xMn2   2yCO2  H2 O
2
The values of x, y and z in the reaction are, respectively
(A) 5, 2 and 8 (B) 5, 2 and 16 (C) 2, 5 and 8 (D) 2, 5 and 16
23. The standard reduction potentials for Zn2+/Zn, Ni2+/Ni and Fe2+/Fe are –0.76, – 0.23 and – 0.44 V
respectively. The reaction X + Y2+ 
 X2+ + Y will be spontaneous when (2012)
(A) X = Ni, Y = Zn (B) X = Fe, Y = Zn
(C) X = Zn, Y = Ni (D) X = Ni, Y = Fe
24. Amount of oxalic acid present in a solution can be determined by its titration with KMnO4 solution in the
presence of H2SO4. The titration gives unsatisfactory result when carried out in the presence of HCl,
because HCl (2008)
(A) oxidizes oxalic acid to carbon dioxide and water
(B) gests oxidized by oxalic acid to chlorine
(C) furnishes H+ ions in addition to those from oxalic acid
(D) reduces permanganate to Mn2+
25. Which of the following chemical reactions depicts the oxidizing behavior of H2SO4? (2006)
(A) 2HI + H2SO4  I2 + SO2 + 2H2O
(B) Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4  CaSO4 + 2H2O
(D) 2PCl5 + H2SO4  2POCl3 + 2HCl + SO2Cl2
26. Among the properties (A) reducing (B) oxidizing (C) complexing, the set of properties shown by CN– ion
towards metal species is: (2004)
(A) A, B (B) B, C (C) C, A (D) A, B, C
27. Standard reduction electrode potentials of three metals A, B and C are +0.5 V, –3.0 V and –1.2 V
respectively. The reduction power of these meals are: (2003)
(A) B>C>A (B) A>B>C (C) C>B>A (D) A>C>B
28. Which of the following reaction is possible at anode? (2002)
(A) 2Cr3+ + 7H2O  Cr2 O72  + 14H+ (B) F2  2F–
(C) (1/2)O2 + 2H+  H2O (D) None of these
29. Which of the following is a redox reaction? (2002)
(A) NaCl + KNO3  NaNO3 + KCl (B) CaC2O4 + 2HCl  CaCl2 + H2C2O4
(C) Mg(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl  MgCl2 + 2NH4OH (D) Zn + 2AgCN  2Ag + Zn(CN)2
30. When KMnO4 acts as an oxidizing agent and ultimately forms [MnO4]–1, MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn2+ then the
number of electrons transferred in each case respectively is: (2002)
(A) 4, 3, 1, 5 (B) 1, 5, 3, 7
(C) 1, 3, 4, 5 (D) 3, 5, 7, 1
31. Which of the following reactions is an example of a redox reaction? (2017_Offiline)
(A) XeF6 + H2O  XeOF4 + 2HF (B) XeF6 + 2H2O  XeO2F2 + 4HF
(C) XeF4 + O2F2  XeF6 + O2 (D) XeF2 + PF5  [XeF]+ PF6
32. In which of the following reactions, hydrogen peroxide acts as an oxidizing agent? (2017_Offline)
(A) I2 + H2O2 + 2OH–  2I– + 2H2O + O2
(B) PbS + 4H2O2  2MnO2 + 3O2 + 2H2O + 2OH–
(C) 2MnO4 + 3H2O2  2MnO2 + 3O2 + 2H2O + 2OH–
(D) HOCl + H2O2  H3O+ + Cl– + O2
33. What will occur if a block of copper metal is dropped into a beaker containing a solution of 1 M ZnSO4?
(A) The copper metal will dissolve with evolution of oxygen gas (2016_Online)
(B) The copper metal will dissolve with evolution of hydrogen gas
(C) No reaction will occur
(D) The copper metal will dissolve and zinc metal will be deposited
JEE Advance
Mole Concept
Single Choice
34. Given that the abundances of isotopes 54Fe, 56Feand 57Fe are 5%, 90% and 5% respectively, the atomic
mass of Fe is: (2009)
(A) 55.85 (B) 55.95 (C) 55.75 (D) 56.05
35. Consider a titration of potassium dichromate solution with acidified Mohr's salt solution using
diphenylamine as indicator. The number of moles of Mohr's salt required per mole of dichromate is:(2007)
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
36. Mixture X containing 0.02 mol of [Co(NH3)5SO4]Br and 0.02 mol of [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 was prepared in 2 litre
of solution.
1 litre of mixture X + excess AgNO3   Y
1 litre of mixture X + excess BaCl2  Z
No. of moles of Y and Z are (2003)
(A) 0.01, 0.01 (B) 0.02, 0.01
(C) 0.01, 0.02 (D) 0.02, 0.02
37. Which has maximum number of atoms? (2003)
(A) 24 g of C (12) (B) 56 g of Fe (56)
(C) 27 g of Al (27) (D) 108 g of Ag (108)
Comprehension
CMP: Chemical reactions involve interaction of atoms and molecules. A large number of
atoms/molecules (approximately 6.023  1023) are present in a few grams of any chemical
compound varying with their atomic/molecular masses. The handle such large numbers
conveniently, the mole concept was introduced. This concept has implications in diverse areas
such as analytical chemistry, biochemistry, electrochemistry and radiochemistry. The following
example illustrates a typical case, involving chemical/electrochemical reaction, which requires a
clear understanding of the mole concept.
A 4.0 molar aqueous solution is NaCl is prepared and 500 mL of this solution is electrolysed. This
leads to the evolution of chlorine gas at one of the electrodes (atomic mass : Na = 23, Hg = 200; 1
Faraday = 96500 coulombs). (2007)
38. The total number of moles of chlorine gas evolved is:
(A) 0.5 (B) 1.0 (C) 2.0 (D) 3.0
39. The total charge (coulombs) required for complete electrolysis is:
(A) 24125 (B) 48250 (C) 96500 (D) 193000
40. If the cathode is a Hg electrode, the maximum weight (g) of amalgam formed from this solution is
(A) 200 (B) 225 (C) 400 (D) 446
Single Integer
41. If the value of Avogadro number is 6.023  1023 mol–1 and the value of Boltzmann constant is 1.380  10–23
J K–1, then the number of significant digits in the calculated value of the universal gas constant is (2014)
42. A compound H2X with molar weight of 80 g is dissolved in a solvent having density of 0.4 g ml–1. Assuming
no change in volume upon dissolution, the molality of a 3.2 molar solution is (2014)
43. 29.2% (w/w) HCl stock solution has a density of 1.25 g mL–1. The molecular weight of HCl is 36.5 g mol–1.
The volume (mL) of stock solution required to prepare a 200 mL solution of 0.4 M HCl is: (2012)
44. The volume (in mL) of 0.1 M AgNO3 required for complete precipitation of chloride ions present in 30 mL of
0.01 M solution of [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2, as silver chloride is close to (2011)
45. Reaction of Br2 with Na2CO3 in aqueous solution gives sodium bromide and sodium bromated with
evolution of CO2 gas. The number of sodium bromide molecules involved in the balanced chemical
equation is: (2011)
46. Silver (atomic weight = 108 g mol–1) has a density of 10.5 g cm–3. The number of silver atoms on a surface
of area 10–12 m2 can be expressed in scientific notation as y  10x. The vale of x is: (2010)
47. A student performs a titration with different burettes and finds titre values of 25.2 mL, 25.25 mL and 25.0
mL. The number of significant figures in the average titre value is: (2010)
Redox Reaction
Single Correct
48. Hydrogen peroxide in its reaction with KIO4 and NH2OH respectively, is acting as a (2014)
(A) reducing agent, oxidizing agent (B) reducing agent, reducing agent
(C) oxidizing agent, oxidizing agent (D) oxidizing agent, reducing agent
49. Which ordering of compounds is according to the decreasing order of the oxidation state of nitrogen?
(A) HNO3, NO, NH4Cl, N2 (B) HNO3, NO, N2, NH4Cl (2012)
(C) HNO3, NH4Cl, NO, N2 (D) NO, HNO3, NH4Cl, N2
50. Oxidation states of the metal in the minerals haematite and magnetite, respectively are (2011)
(A) II, III haematite and III in magnetite (B) II, III in haematite and II in magnetite
(C) II in haematite and II, III in magnetite (D) III in haematite and II, III in magnetite
Multiple Correct
51. For the reaction: (2014)
I– + ClO3 + H2SO4  Cl– + HSO4 + I2
The correct statement(s) in the balanced equation is/are
(A) stoichiometric coefficient of HSO4 is 6 (B) iodide is oxidized
(C) sulphur is reduced (D) H2O is one of the products
52. Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+ by using (2015)
(A) H2O2 in presence of NaOH (B) Na2O2 in water
(C) H2O2 in presence of H2SO4 (D) Na2O2 in presence of H2SO4
Comprehension
CMP: Redox reactions play a pivotal role in chemistry and biology. The values of standard redox
potential (E) of two half-cell reactions decide which way the reaction is expected to proceed. A
simple example is a Daniel cell in which zinc goes into solution and copper gets deposited. Given
below are a set of half-cell reactions (acidic medium) along with their E (V with respect to normal
hydrogen electrode) values. Using this data obtain the correct explanations to questions. (2007)
I2 + 2e–   2I– E = 0.54
Cl2 + 2e 
–  2Cl – E = 1.36
Mn3+ + e–   Mn2+ E = 1.50
Fe3+ + e–   Fe2+ E = 0.77
O2 + 4H + 4e– 
+  2H2O E = 1.23
53. Among the following, identify the correct statement.
(A) Chloride ion is oxidized by O2 (B) Fe2+ is oxidized by iodine
(C) Iodide ion is oxidized by chlorine (D) Mn2+ is oxidized by chlorine
54. While Fe3+ is stable, Mn3+ is not stable in acid solution because
(A) O2 oxidizes Mn2+ to Mn3+ (B) O2 oxidizes both Mn2+ to Mn3+ and Fe2+ to Fe3+
(C) Fe oxidizes H2O to O2
3+ (D) Mn3+ oxidizes H2O to O2
7. Level – 7 (NCERT Corner)

Mole Concept
1. Calculate the mass of sodium acetate (CH3COONa) required to make 500 mL of 0.375 molar aqueous
solution. Molar mass of sodium acetate is 82.0245 g mol–1.
Sol. 0.375 M aqueous solution of sodium acetate
 1000 mL of solution containing 0.375 moles of sodium acetate
 Number of moles of sodium acetate in 500 mL
0.375
=  500 = 0.1875 mole
1000
Molar mass of sodium acetate = 82.0245 g mole–1 (Given)
 Required mass of sodium acetate = (82.0245 g mol–1) (0.1875 mole)
= 15.38 g
2. Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in moles per litre in a sample which has a density, 1.41 g mL–1 and
the mass per cent of nitric acid in it being 69%.
Sol. Mass percent of nitric acid in the sample = 69 % [Given]
Thus, 100 g of nitric acid contains 69 g of nitric acid by mass.
Molar mass of nitric acid (HNO3)
= {1 + 14 + 3(16)} g mol–1
= 1 + 14 + 48 = 63 g mol–1
 Number of moles in 69 g of HNO3
69g
=  1.095 mol
63 g mol1
Volume of 100g of nitric acid solution
Mass of solution 100 g
= =  = 70.92 mL  70.92  10–3 L
density of solution 1.41 g mL1
Concentration of nitric acid
1.095 mole
 = 15.44 mol/L
70.92  10 3 L
 Concentration of nitric acid = 15.44 mol/L
3. Determine the molecular formula of an oxide of iron in which the mass per cent of iron and oxygen are 69.9
and 30.1 respectively.
Sol. Mass percent of iron (Fe) = 69.9% (Given)
Mass percent of oxygen (O) = 30.1% (Given)
69.90
Number of moles of iron present in the oxide = = 1.25
55.85
30.1
Number of moles of oxygen present in the oxide = = 1.88
16.0
Ratio of iron to oxygen in the oxide,
1.25 1.88
= 1.25 : 1.88 = : = 1 : 1.5 = 2 : 3
1.25 1.25
 The empirical formula of the oxide is Fe2O3.
Empirical formula mass of Fe2O3 = [2(55.85) + 3(16.00)] g Molar mass of Fe2O3 = 159.69 g
Molar mass 159.69 g
n=  = 0.999 = 1 (approx)
Empirical formula mass 159.7 g
Molecular formula of a compound is obtained by multiplying the empirical formula with n.
Thus, the empirical formula of the given oxide is Fe2O3 and n is 1.
Hence, the molecular formula of the oxide is Fe2O3.
4. What is the concentration of sugar (C12H22O11) in mol L–1 if its 20 g are dissolved in enough water to make
a final volume up to 2L?
Sol. Molarity (M) of a solution is given by,
Number of moles of solute Mass of sugar / molar mass of sugar
= 
Volume of solution in Litres 2L
20g / 12  12   1 22   11 16  g 20g / 342 g 0.0585 mol
= =  = 0.02925 mol L–1
2L 2L 2L
 Molar concentration of sugar = 0.02925 mol L–1
5. If the density of methanol is 0.793 kg L–1, what is its volume needed for making 2.5 L of its 0.25 M
solution?
Sol. Molar mass of methanol (CH3OH) = (1  12) + (4  1) + (1  16)
= 32 g mol–1
= 0.032 kg mol–1
0.793 kg L1
Molarity of methanol solution = = 24.78 mol L–1
0.032 kg mol1
(Since density is mass per unit volume)
Applying,
M1 V 1 = M2 V 2
(Given solution) (Solution to be prepared)
(24.78 mol L–1) V1 = (2.5 L) (0.25 mol L–1)
V1 = 0.0252 L
V1 = 25.22 mL
6. How are 0.50 mol Na2CO3 and 0.50 M Na2CO3 different?

Sol. Molar mass of Na2CO3 = (2  23) + 12.00 + (3  16) = 106 g mol–1
Now, 1 mole of Na2CO3 means 106 g of Na2CO3.
106 g
 0.5 mol of Na2CO3 =  0.5 mol Na2 CO3 = 53 g Na2CO3
1 mole
 0.50 M of Na2CO3 = 0.50 mol/L Na2CO3
Hence, 0.50 mol of Na2CO3 is present in 1 L of water or 53 g of Na2CO3 is present in 1 L of water.
7. Calculate the molarity of a solution of ethanol in water in which the mole fraction of ethanol is 0.040
(assume the density of water to be one).
Number of moles of C2H5 OH
Sol. Mole fraction of C2H5OH =
Number of moles of solution
nC2H5 OH
0.040 = ….(i)
nC2H5 OH  nH2 O
Number of moles present in 1 L water:
1000 g
nH2O  = 55.55 mol
18 gmol1
Substituting the value of nH2O in equation (i),
nC2H5 OH
 0.040
nC2H5 OH  55.55
nC2H5 OH = 0.040 nC2H5 OH + (0.040) (55.55)
0.96 nC2H5 OH = 2.222 mol
2.222
nC2H5 OH = mol
0.96
nC2H5 OH = 2.314 mol
2.314 mol
 Molarity of solution = = 2.314 M
1L
8. Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following (i) 52 moles of Ar (ii) 52 u of He (iii) 52 g of He.
Sol. (i) 1 mole of Ar = 6.022  1023 atoms of Ar
 52 mol of Ar = 52  6.022  1023 atoms of Ar
= 3.131  1025 atoms of Ar
(ii) 1 atom of He = 4 u of He or, 4 u of He = 1 atom of He
1
1 u of He = atom of He
4
52
52u of He = atom of He
4
= 13 atoms of He
(iii) 4 g of He = 6.022  1023 atoms of He
6.022  1023  52
 52 g of He = atoms of He
4
= 7.8286  1024 atoms of He
9. Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl to give CaCl2 and CO2 according to the reaction, CaCO3 (s) +
2 HCl (aq) CaCl2 (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O( l ) What mass of CaCO3 is required to react completely with 25
mL of 0.75 M HCl?
Sol. 0.75 M of HCl  0.75 mol of HCl are present in 1 L of water
 [(0.75 mol)  (36.5 g mol–1)] HCl is present in 1 L of water
 27.375 g of HCl is present in 1 L of water
Thus, 1000 mL of solution contains 27.375 g of HCl.
 Amount of HCl present in 25 mL of solution
27.375 g
=  25 mL = 0.6844 g
1000mL
From the given chemical equation,
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)   CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O( l )
2 mol of HCl (2  36.5 = 71 g) react with 1 mol of CaCO3 (100 g).
100
 Amount of CaCO3 that will react with 0.6844 g =  0.6844 g = 0.9639 g
71
10. Chlorine is prepared in the laboratory by treating manganese dioxide (MnO2) with aqueous hydrochloric
acid according to the reaction 4HCl (aq) + MnO2(s) 2H2O( l ) + MnCl2(aq) + Cl2 (g). How many grams of
HCl react with 5.0 g of manganese dioxide?
Sol. 1 mol [55 + 2  16 = 87 g] MnO2 reacts completely with 4 mol [4  36.5 = 146 g] of HCl.
5.0 g of MnO2 will react with
146 g
=  5.0 g of HCl
87 g
= 8.4 g of HCl
Hence, 8.4 g of HCl will react completely with 5.0 g of manganese dioxide.
Redox Reaction
11. Assign oxidation numbers of the underlined elements in each of the following species:
(a) NaH2PO4 (b) NaHSO4 (c) H 4P 2O 7 (d) K2MnO4
(e) CaO2 (f) NaBH4 (g) H 2S 2O 7 (h) KAl(SO4)2.12H2O
Sol. (a) NaH2PO4
Let the oxidation number of P be x.
We know that,
Oxidation number of Na = +1
Oxidation number of H = +1
Oxidation number of O = –2
1 1 x 2
 NaH2 PO4
Then, we have
1(+1) + 2(+1) + 1(x) + 4(–2) = 0
1+2+x–8=0
 x = +5
Hence, the oxidation number of P is +5.
(b) NaHSO4
1 1 x 2
NaHSO4
Then, we have
1(+1) + 1(+1) + 1(x) + 4(–2) = 0
 1 + 1 + x – 8 = 0  x = +6
Hence, the oxidation number of S is +6
(c) H 4P 2O 7
1 x 2
H4 P2 O7
Then, we have
4(+1) + 2(x) + 7(–2) = 0
 4 + 2x – 14 = 0
 2x = +10  x = +5
Hence, the oxidation number of P is +5.
(d) K2MnO4
1 x 2
K 2 MnO4
Then, we have
2(+1) + x + 4(–2) = 0
 2 + x – 8 = 0  x = +6
Hence, the oxidation number of Mn is +6
(e) CaO2
2 x
Ca O2
Then, we have
(+2) + 2(x) = 0
 2 + 2x = 0  x = –1
Hence, the oxidation number of O is –1.
(f) NaBH4
1 x 1
NaBH4
Then, we have
1(+1) + 1(x) + 4(–1) = 0
1+x–4=0
 x = +3
Hence, the oxidation number of B is +3.
(g) H 2S 2O 7
1 x 2
H2 S2 O7
Then, we have
2(+1) + 2(x) + 7(–2) = 0
 2 + 2x – 14 = 0
 2x = 12
 x = +6
Hence, the oxidation number of S is +6.
(h) KAl(SO4)2.12H2O
1 3 
 x 2  1 2
K Al  SO4  .12H2 O
 2
Then, we have
1(+1) + 1(+3) + 2(x) + 8(–2) + 24(+1) + 12(–2) = 0
 1 + 3 + 2x – 16 + 24 – 24 = 0
 2x = 12
 x = +6
12. What are the oxidation numbers of the underlined elements in each of the following and how do you
rationalise your results?
(a) KI3 (b) H 2S 4O 6 (c) Fe3O4 (d) CH3CH2OH (e) CH3COOH
Sol. (a) KI3
1
In KI3, the oxidation number (O.N.) of K is +1. Hence, the average oxidation number of I is  .
3
However, O.N. cannot be fractional. Therefore, we will have to consider the structure of KI3 to find
the oxidation states.
In KI3 molecule, an atom of iodine forms a coordinate covalent bond with an iodine molecule.
1 
0 0 1

K  I I  I 
 
Hence, in a KI3 molecule, the O.N. of the two I atoms forming the I2 molecule is 0, whereas the
O.N. of the I atom forming the coordinate bond is –1.
(b) H 2S 4O 6
1 x 2
H2 SO4 O6
Now, 2(+1) + 4(x) + 6(–2) = 0
 2 + 4x – 12 = 0
 4x = 10
1
 x = 2
2
However, O.N. cannot be fractional. Hence, S must be present in different oxidation states in the
molecule.
O O
+5 0 0 +5
H O S S S S O H
O O
The O.N. of two of the four S atoms is +5 and the O.N. of the other two S atoms is 0.
(c) Fe3O4
2
On taking the O.N. of O as –2, the O.N. of Fe is found to be 2 . However, O.N. cannot be
3
fractional.
Here, one of the three Fe atoms exhibits the O.N. of +2 and the other two Fe atoms exhibit the
O.N. of +3.
2 3
Fe O, Fe2 O3
(d) CH3CH2OH
x 1 2
C2 H6 O
2(x) + 4(+1) + 1(–2) = 0
 2x + 6 – 2 = 0
 x = –2
Hence, the O.N. of C is –2.
(e) CH3COOH
x 1 2
C2 H4 O2
2(x) + 4(+1) + 2(–2) = 0
 2x + 4 – 4 = 0
x=0
However, 0 is average O.N. of C. The two carbon atoms present in this molecule are present in
different environments. Hence, they cannot have the same oxidation number. Thus, C exhibits the
oxidation states of +2 and –2 in CH3COOH.
H O
-2 -2
H C C O H
H
13. Justify that the following reactions are redox reactions:

(a) CuO(s) + H2(g)  Cu(s) + H2O(g)
(b) Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g)  2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
(c) 4BCl3(g) + 3LiAlH4(s)  2B2H6(g) + 3LiCl(s) + 3AlCl3(s)
(d) 2K(s) + F2(g)  2K + F–(s)
(e) 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
Sol. (a) CuO(s) + H2(g)  Cu(s) + H2O(g)
Let as write the oxidation number of each element involved in the given reaction as:
2 2 0 0 1 2
CuO(s)  H2 (g)   Cu(s)  H2 O(g)
Here, the oxidation number of Cu decreases from +2 in CuO to 0 in Cu i.e., CuO is reduced to Cu.
Also, the oxidation number of H increases from 0 in H2 to +1 in H2O i.e., H2 is oxidized to H2O.
Hence, this reaction is a redox reaction.
(b) Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g)  2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)

Let us write the oxidation number of each element in the given reaction as:
3 2 2 2 0 4 2
Fe2 O3 (s)  3CO(g)  2Fe(s)  3CO2 (g)
Here, the oxidation number of Fe decreases from +3 in Fe2O3 to 0 in Fe i.e., Fe2O3 is reduced to
Fe. On the other hand, the oxidation number of C increases from +2 in CO to +4 CO2 i.e., CO is
oxidation to CO2. Hence, the given reaction is a redox reaction.
(c) 4BCl3(g) + 3LiAlH4(s)  2B2H6(g) + 3LiCl(s) + 3AlCl3(s)

The oxidation number of each element in the given reaction can be represented as:
3 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 3 1
 2B2 H6 (g)  3LiCl s   3 AlCl3 s 
4 B Cl3 (g)  3Li AlH4 (s) 
In this reaction, the oxidation number of B decreases from +3 in BCl3 to –3 in B2H6. i.e., BCl3 is
reduced to B2H6. Also, the oxidation number of H increases from –1 in LiAlH4 to +1 in B2H6 i.e.,
LiAlH4 is oxidized to B2H6. Hence, the given reaction is a redox reaction.
(d) 2K(s) + F2(g)  2K + F–(s)

0 0 1 1
2K(s)  F2 g 
 2K  F s 
In this reaction, the oxidation number of K increases from 0 in K to +1 in KF i.e., K is oxidized to
KF. On the other hand, the oxidation number of F decreases from 0 in F2 to –1 in KF i.e., F2 is
reduced to KF.
Hence, the above reaction is a redox reaction.
(e) 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

3 1 0 2 2 1 2
4NH3 (g)  5 O2 g 
 4NO g  6H2 O g
Here, the oxidation number of N increases from –3 in NH3 to +2 in NO. On the other hand, the
oxidation number of O2 decreases from 0 in O2 to –2 in NO and H2O i.e., O2 is reduced. Hence, the
given reaction is a redox reaction.
14. Fluorine reacts with ice and results in the change:

H2O(s) + F2(g)  HF(g) + HOF(g)
Justify that this reaction is a redox reaction.
Sol. Let us write the oxidation number of each involved in the given reaction above its symbol as:
1 2 0 1 1 1 2 1
H2 O F2  HF  HOF
Here, we have observed that the oxidation number of F increases from 0 in F2 to +1 in HOF. Also, the
oxidation number decreases from 0 in F2 to –1 in HF. Thus, in the above reaction, F is both oxidized and
reduced. Hence, the given reaction is a redox reaction.
15. Calculate the oxidation number of sulphur, chromium and nitrogen in H2SO5, Cr2 O72  and NO3 . Suggest
structure of these compounds. Count for the fallacy.
1 x 2
Sol. (i) H2 SO5
2(+1) + 1(x) + 5(–2) = 0
 2 + x – 10 = 0
 x = +8
However, the O.N. of S cannot be +8. S has six valence electrons. Therefore, the O.N. of S cannot
be more than +6.
The structure of H2SO5 is shown as follows:
-2
O
+1 -2 -1 -1 +1
H O S O O H
O-2
Now, 2(+1) + 1(x) + 3(–2) + 2(–1) = 0
2+x–6–2=0
 x = +6
Therefore, the O.N. of S is +6.
x 2 2 
(ii) Cr 2 O7
2(x) + 7(–2) = –2
 2x – 14 = –2  x = +6
Here, there is no fallacy about the O.N. of Cr in Cr2 O72 
The structure of Cr2 O72  is shown as follows
-2 -2
O O
-2 +6 -2 +6
O Cr O Cr O-2
- -
O O
-1 -1
Here, each of the two Cr atoms exhibits the O.N. of +6.
x 2 
(iii) NO3
1(x) + 3(–2) = –1
 x – 6 = –1
 x = +5
Here, there is no fallacy about the O.N. of N in NO3
The structure of NO3 is shown as follows:
-2
O
+5 -1-
N O
-2 O
The N atom exhibits the O.N. of +5.
16. Write the formulae for the following compounds:

(a) Mercury(II) oxide (b) Nickel(II) sulphate (c) Tin(IV) oxide
(d) Thallium(I) sulphate (e) Iron(III) sulphate (f) Chromium(III) oxide
Sol. (a) HgCl2 (b) NiSO4 (c) SnO2
(d) Tl2SO4 (e) Fe2(SO4)3 (f) Cr2O3
17. Suggest a list of the substances where carbon can exhibit oxidation states from –4 to +4 and nitrogen from
–3 to +5.
Sol. The substances where carbon can exhibit oxidation states from +4 to +4 are listed in the following table.
Substance O.N. of carbon
CH2Cl2 0
ClC ≡ CCl +1
HC ≡ CH –1
CHCl3, CO +2
CH3Cl –2
Cl3C – CCl3 +3
H3C – CH3 –3
CCl4, CO2 +4
CH4 –4
The substances where nitrogen can exhibit oxidation states from –3 to +5 are listed in the following table.
Substance O.N. of nitrogen

N2 0
N 2O +1
N 2H 2 –1
NO +2
N 2H 4 –2
N 2O 3 +3
NH3 –3
NO2 +4
N 2O 5 +5
18. While sulphur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide can act as oxidising as well as reducing agents in their
reactions, ozone and nitric acid act only as oxidants. Why?
Sol. In sulphur dioxide (SO2), the oxidation number (O.N.) of S is +4 and the range of the O.N. that S can have
is from +6 to –2.
Therefore, SO2 can act as an oxidising as well as a reducing agent.
In hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the O.N. of O is –1 and the range of the O.N. that O can have is from 0 to –2.
O can sometimes also attain the oxidation numbers +1 and +2. Hence, H2O2 can act as an oxidising as
well as a reducing agent.
In ozone (O3), the O.N. of O is zero and the range of the O.N. that O can have is from 0 to –2. Therefore,
the O.N. of O can only decrease in this case. Hence, O3 acts only as an oxidant.
In nitric acid (HNO3), the O.N. of N is +5 and the range of the O.N. that N can have is from +5 to –3.
Therefore, the O.N. of N can only decrease in this case. Hence, HNO3 acts only as an oxidant.
19. Consider the reactions:
(a) 6CO2(g) + 6H2O( l )  C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g)
(b) O3(g) + H2O2( l )  H2O( l ) + 2O2(g)
Why it is more appropriate to write these reactions as:
(a) 6CO2(g) + 12H2O( l )  C6H12O6(aq) + 6H2O( l ) + 6O2(g)
(b) O3(g) + H2O2( l )  H2O( l ) + O2(g) + O2(g)
Also suggest a technique to investigate the path of the above (a) and (b) redox reactions.
Sol. (a) The process of photosynthesis involves two steps.
Step 1:
H2O decomposes to give H2 and O2
2H2O( l )  2H2(g) + O2(g)
Step 2:
The H2 produced in step 1 reduces CO2, thereby producing glucose (C6H12O6) and H2O.
6CO2(g) + 12H2(g)  C6H12O6(s) + 6H2O( l )
Now, the net reaction of the process is given as:
2H2O( l )  2H2(g) + O2(g) ]  6
6CO2(g) + 12H2(g)  C6H12O6(g) + 6H2O( l )
6CO2(g) + 12H2O( l )  C6H12O6(g) + 6H2O( l ) + 6O2(g)
It is more appropriate to write the reaction as given above because water molecules are also
produced in the process of photosynthesis.
The path of this reaction can be investigated by using radioactive H2O18 in place of H2O.
(b) O2 is produced from each of the two reactants O3 and H2O2. For this reason, O2 is written twice.
The given reaction involves two steps. First, O3 decomposes to form O2 and O. In the second step,
H2O2 reacts with the O produced in the first step, thereby producing H2O and O2.
O3(g)  O2(g) + O(g)
H2O2( l ) + O(g)  H2O( l ) + O2(g) + O2(g)
H2O2( l ) + O3(g)  H2O( l ) + O2(g) + O2(g)
The path of this reaction can be investigated by using H2 O18 18
2 or O3 .
20. The compound AgF2 is an unstable compound. However, if formed, the compound acts as a very strong
oxidizing agent. Why?
Sol. The oxidation state of Ag in AgF2 is +2. But, +2 is an unstable oxidation state of Ag. Therefore, whenever
AgF2 is formed, silver readily accepts an electron to form Ag+. This helps to bring the oxidation state of Ag
down from +2 to a more stable state of +1. As a result, AgF2 acts as a very strong oxidizing agent.
21. Whenever a reaction between an oxidising agent and a reducing agent is carried out, a compound of lower
oxidation state is formed if the reducing agent is in excess and a compound of higher oxidation state is
formed if the oxidising agent is in excess. Justify this statement giving three illustrations.
Sol. Whenever a reaction between an oxidising agent and a reducing agent is carried out, a compound of lower
oxidation state is formed if the reducing agent is in excess and a compound of higher oxidation state is
formed if the oxidising agent is in excess. This can be illustrated as follows:
(i) P4 and F2 are reducing and oxidising agents respectively. If an excess of P4 is treated with F2, then
PF3 will be produced, wherein the oxidation number (O.N.) of P is +3.
3
P4(excess) + F2  PF3
However, if P4 is treated with an excess of F2, then PF5 will be produced, wherein the O.N. of P is +5.
5
P4 + F2 (excess)  PF5
(ii) K acts as a reducing agent, whereas O2 is an oxidising agent.

If an excess of K reacts with O2, then K2O will be formed, where in the O.N. of O is –2.
2
4K(excess) + O2  2K 2 O
However, if K reacts with an excess of O2, then K2O2 will be formed, wherein the O.N. of O is –1.
1
2K + O2(excess)  K 2 O2
(iii) C is a reducing agent, while O2 acts as an oxidising agent.

If an excess of C is burnt in the presence of insufficient amount of O2, then CO will be produced,
wherein the O.N. of C is +2.
2
C(excess) + O2  CO
On the other hand, if C is burnt in an excess of O2, then CO2 will be produced, wherein the O.N. of
C is +4.
4
C + O2(excess)  CO2
22. How do you count for the following observations?
(a) Though alkaline potassium permanganate and acidic potassium permanganate both are used as
oxidants, yet in the manufacture of benzoic acid from toluene we use alcoholic potassium
permanganate as an oxidant. Why? Write a balanced redox equation for the reaction.
(b) When concentrated sulphuric acid is added to an inorganic mixture containing chloride, we get
colourless pungent smelling gas HCl, but if the mixture contains bromide then we get red vapour of
bromine. Why?
Sol. (a) In the manufacture of benzoic acid from toluene, alcoholic potassium permanganate is used as an
oxidant because of the following reasons.
(i) In a neutral medium, OH– ions are produced in the reaction itself. As a result, the cost of adding an
acid or a base can be reduced.
(ii) KMnO4 and alcohol are homogeneous to each other since both are polar. Toluene and alcohol are
also homogeneous to each other because both are organic compounds. Reactions can proceed at
a faster rate in a homogeneous medium than in a heterogeneous medium. Hence, in alcohol,
KMnO4 and toluene can react at a faster rate.
The balanced redox equation for the reaction in a neutral medium is give as below:
-
CH 3 COO
-
+ 2MnO 3(aq) + 2MnO 2(g) + H2O(l) + OH (aq)
(b) When conc. H2SO4 is added to an inorganic mixture containing bromide, initially HBr is produced.
HBr, being a strong reducing agent reduces H2SO4 to SO2 with the evolution of red vapour of
bromine.
2NaBr + 2H2SO4  2NaHSO4 + 2HBr
2HBr  H2 SO4  Br2  SO2  2H2 O
red vapour 
But, when conc. H2SO4 is added to an inorganic mixture containing chloride, a pungent smelling
gas (HCl) is evolved. HCl, being a weak reducing agent, cannot reduce H2SO4 to SO2.
2NaCl + 2H2SO4  2NaHSO4 + 2HCl
23. Identify the substance oxidised, reduced, oxidising agent and reducing agent for each of the following
reactions:
(a) 2AgBr (s) + C6H6O2(aq)  2Ag(s) + 2HBr (aq) + C6H4O2(aq)
(b) HCHO( l ) + 2[Ag (NH3)2]+(aq) + 3OH–(aq)  2Ag(s) + HCOO–(aq) + 4NH3(aq) + 2H2O( l )
(c) HCHO( l ) + 2Cu2+(aq) + 5 OH–(aq)  Cu2O(s) + HCOO (aq) + 3H2O( l )
–
(d) N2H4( l ) + 2H2O2( l )  N2(g) + 4H2O( l )

(e) Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 2H2SO4(aq)  2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O( l )
Sol. (a) Oxidised substance  C6H6O2
Reduced substance  AgBr
Oxidising agent  AgBr
Reducing agent  C6H6O2
(b) Oxidised substance  HCHO
Reduced substance  [Ag(NH3)2]+
Oxidising agent  [Ag(NH3)2]+
Reducing agent  HCHO
(c) Oxidised substance  HCHO
Reduced substance  Cu2+
Oxidising agent  Cu2+
Reducing agent  HCHO
(d) Oxidised substance  N2H4
Reduced substance  H2O2
Oxidising agent  H2O2
Reducing agent  N2H4
(e) Oxidised substance  Pb
Reduced substance  PbO2
Oxidising agent  PbO2
Reducing agent  Pb
24. Justify giving reactions that among halogens, fluorine is the best oxidant and among hydrohalic
compounds, hydroiodic acid is the best reductant.
Sol. F2 can oxidize Cl– to Cl2, Br– to Br2, and I– to I2 as:
F2(aq) + 2Cl–(s)  2F–(aq) + Cl(g)
F2(aq) + 2Br–(aq)  2F–(aq) + Br2( l )
F2(aq) + 2I–(aq)  2F–(aq) + I2(s)
On the other hand, Cl2, Br2, and I2 cannot oxidize F– to F2. The oxidizing power of halogens increases in the
order of I2 < Br2 < Cl2 < F2. Hence, fluorine is the best oxidant among halogens.
HI and HBr can reduce H2SO4 to SO2, but HCl and HF cannot. Therefore, HI and HBr are stronger
reductants than HCl and HF.
2HI + H2SO4  I2 + SO2 + 2H2O
2HBr + H2SO4  Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O
Again, I– can reduce Cu2+ to Cu+, but Br– cannot.
4I–(aq) + 2Cu2+(aq)  Cu2I2(s) + I2(aq)
Hence, hydroiodic acid is the best reductant among hydrohalic compounds.
Thus, the reducing power of hydrohalic acids increases in the order of HF < HCl < HBr < HI.
25. Balance the following redox reactions by ion-electron method:

(a) MnO4 (aq) + I– (aq)  MnO2(s) + I2(s) (in basic medium)
(b) MnO4 (aq) + SO2(g)  Mn2+ (aq) + HSO4 (aq) (in acidic solution)
(c) H2O2 (aq) + Fe2+ (aq)  Fe3+ (aq) + H2O( l ) (in acidic solution)
(d) Cr2 O72  + SO2(g)  Cr3+ (aq) + SO24 (aq) (in acidic solution)
Sol. (a) Step 1: The two half reactions involved in the given reaction are:
1 0
Oxidation reaction: half I (aq) 
 I 2 (s)
7 4
MnO4 (aq) 
 MnO2 (aq)
Reduction half reaction:
Step 2: Balancing I in the oxidation half reaction, we have:
2I–(aq)   I2(s)
Now, to balance the charge, we add 2 e– to the RHS of the reaction.
2I–(aq)   I2(s) + 2e–
Step 3: In the reduction half reaction, the oxidation state of Mn has reduced from +7 to +4.
Thus, 3 electrons are added to the LHS of the reaction.
MnO4 (aq)  3e    MnO2 (aq)
Now, to balance the charge, we add 4 OH– ions to the RHS of the reaction as the reaction is taking
place in a basic medium.
MnO4 (aq)  3e    MnO2 (aq)  4OH
Step 4: In this equation, there are 6 O atoms on the RHS and 4 O atoms on the LHS. Therefore,
two water molecules are added to the LHS.
MnO4 (aq)  2H2 O  3e    MnO2 (aq)  4OH
Step 5: Equalising the number of electrons by multiplying the oxidation half reaction by 3 and the
reduction half reaction by 2, we have:
6I–(aq)   3I2(s) + 6e–
2MnO4 (aq)  4H2 O  6e  

 2MnO2 (s)  8OH (aq)
Step 6: Adding the two half reactions, we have the net balanced redox reaction as:
6I–(aq) + 2MnO4 (aq) + 4H2O ( l )   3I2(s) + 2MnO2(s) + 8OH–(aq)
(b) Following the steps as in part (a), we have the oxidation half reaction as:
SO2(g) + 2H2O( l )   HSO4 (aq) + 3H+(aq) + 2e–(aq)
And the reduction half reaction as:
MnO4 (aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e–   Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O( l )
Multiplying the oxidation half reaction by 5 and the reduction half reaction by 2, and then by adding
them, we have the net balanced redox reaction as:
2MnO4 (aq) + 5SO2(g) + 2H2O( l ) + H+(aq)   2Mn2+ (aq) + 5HSO4 (aq)
(c) Following the steps as in part (a), we have the oxidation half reaction as:
Fe2+(aq)   Fe3+(aq) + e–
H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e–   2H2O( l )
Multiplying the oxidation half reaction by 2 and then adding it to the reduction half reaction, we
have the net balanced redox reaction as:
H2O2(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq) + 2H+(aq)   2Fe3+(aq) + 2H2O( l )
(d) Following the steps as in part (a), we have the oxidation half reaction as:
SO2(g) + 2H2O( l )   SO24 (aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e–
Cr2 O72  (aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e–   2Cr3+ (aq) + 7H2O( l )
Multiplying the oxidation half reaction by 3 and then adding it to the reduction half reaction, we
have the net balanced redox reaction as:
Cr2 O72  (aq) + 3SO2(g) + 2H+(aq)   2Cr3+(aq) + 3SO24 (aq) + H2O( l )
26. The Mn3+ ion is unstable in solution and undergoes disproportionation to give Mn2+, MnO2, and H+ ion.
Write a balanced ionic equation for the reaction.
Sol. The given reaction can be represented as:
Mn3+(aq)   Mn2+(aq) + MnO2(s) + H+(aq)
The oxidation half equation is:
3 4
Mn3  (aq)   MnO2 (s)
The oxidation number is balanced by adding one electron as:
Mn3+(aq)   MnO2(s) + e–
The charge is balanced by adding 4H+ ions as:
Mn3+(aq)   MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + e–
The O atoms and H ions are balanced by adding 2H2O molecules as:
+
Mn3+(aq) + 2H2O( l )   MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + e– …..(i)

The reduction half equation is:
Mn3+(aq)   Mn2+(aq)
The oxidation number is balanced by adding one electron as:
Mn3+(aq) + e–   Mn2  (aq) …..(ii)
The balanced chemical equation can be obtained by adding equation (i) and (ii) as:
2Mn3+(aq) + 2H2O( l )   MnO2(s) + 2Mn2+(aq) + 4H+(aq)
27. Given the standard electrode potentials,

K+/K = –2.93 V, Ag+/Ag = 0.80 V.
Hg2+/Hg = 0.79 V
Mg2+/Mg = –2.37V. Cr3+/Cr = –0.74 V
Arrange these metals in their increasing order of reducing power.
Sol. The lower the electrode potential, the stronger is the reducing agent. Therefore, the increasing order of the
reducing power of the given metals is Ag < Hg < Cr < Mg < K.
8. Answer Sheet
Quiz – 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B A A A A A A C A B
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
D A D B C C C B B A
Quiz – 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D C B C A B B A A D
Quiz – 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C C B B A B B C A C
Quiz - 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B C A C C D B B A B
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B C A B B A C B A C
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
B B C D C D C C B B
Level – 1 (Main)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B C D A B A B D D B A C A C C
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C A C C A C B B B D B C D A B
Level – 2 (Main)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
D A D B B A A B B A A B B A C
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C B D D A C D C A C C A B C A
Level – 3 (Advanced)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B B A B A D C C D A
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B D A B C CD AB ACD ACD BCD
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
BCD AB BD ABC AB ACD AB AC BCD AB
Level – 4 (Comprehension & Match the Column)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A B B B C A A B A C
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B A B A D D B A A B
21 22
B A
23. A–PQR, B–RS, C–PQ, D–PQRT 24. A–PR, B–QR, C–Q,S, D–Q,R
25. A–PR, B–P, C–Q, D–QS
Level – 5 (Subjective Single Integer Type)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 2 2 6 8 6 5 3 5 3
11 12 13 14 15
1 7 3 1 1
Level – 6 (Previous Years Main & Advanced)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C B A B A B C A A D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A B B D C D A C B C
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A D C D A C A A D C
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
C B C B D A A B D D
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
4 8 8 6 5 7 3 A B D
51 52 53 54
ABD AB C D

Mole Concept & Redox Reaction

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MOLE CONCEPT & REDOX REACTION

3. The number of atoms in 4.25g of NH3 is approximately:

4. One litre of a gas at STP weight 1.16 g it can possible be:

6. The weight of a molecule of the compound C60H122 is:

(A) 18 cm3 (B) 22400 cm3

Volume – Volume Relationship

3. The number of molecules in 16 g of methane is:

6. The number of moles of sodium oxide in 620g of it is:

7. 2g of oxygen contains number of atoms equal to that in:

8. The percentage of oxygen in NaOH is :

9. The percentage of nitrogen in urea is about:

10. 2 g of calcium carbonate is being strongly heated, yield a residue weighing:

5. Co(s) + Cu2+(aq)  Co2+(aq) + Cu(s). The above reaction is :

9. In C + H2O  CO + H2, H2O acts as :

20. In the reaction 3Cl2 + 6OH–  5Cl– + ClO3– + 3H2O chlorine is :

8. KMnO4 reacts with ferrous ammonium sulphate according to the equation

23. As2S5 + aNHO3  bH3AsO4 + 5H2SO4 + eNO2 + 12H2O

27. For the reaction, Mx+ + MnO4 

18. The incorrect order of decreasing oxidation number of S in compounds is :–

19. Which reaction does not represent autoredox or disproportionation :–

21. Which of the following is a redox reaction :–

23. In the reaction

24. For the redox reaction :

25. Which of the following relations is incorrect :–

Volume of NaOH added

10. Statement 1: In the balanced redox reaction,

17. 1 g molecule of V2O5 contains:

18. Select the dimensionless quantity(ies):

21. 1 mole of Ba(OH)2 will exactly neutralize?

25. Solutions containing 23 g HCOOH is/are:

28. If 1 mole of H3PO4 reacts with 1 mole of X(OH)2 as shown below:

2. What is the percentage strength (% w/V) of "11.2 V" H2O2?

Molecular mass / Atomic mass

6. Consider the following reaction

7. For the reaction, Fe0.95 O (molar mass = M) 

CMP: Consider the following series of reactions:

14. Equivalent weight of chlorine molecule in the equation:

16. The oxidation number of sulphur in K2S2O8 is:

Match The Column

18. The only CORRECT combination is:

19. The only CORRECT combination is:

21. The only CORRECT combination is:

22. The only CORRECT combination is:

23. Match the Column.

24. Match the Column.

25. Match the Column.

5. Level – 5 (Subjective Single Integer Type)

8. Number of atoms in 558.5 grams Fe (at. wt. of Fe = 55.85 g mol–1) is (2002)

22. Consider the following reaction (2013)

7. Level – 7 (NCERT Corner)

6. How are 0.50 mol Na2CO3 and 0.50 M Na2CO3 different?

13. Justify that the following reactions are redox reactions:

(b) Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g)  2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)

(c) 4BCl3(g) + 3LiAlH4(s)  2B2H6(g) + 3LiCl(s) + 3AlCl3(s)

(d) 2K(s) + F2(g)  2K + F–(s)

(e) 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

14. Fluorine reacts with ice and results in the change:

16. Write the formulae for the following compounds:

Substance O.N. of nitrogen

(ii) K acts as a reducing agent, whereas O2 is an oxidising agent.