DESIGN CALCULATION OF

MINOR BRIDGE AT CH:17/650

 DESIGN OF ABUTMENT,
RETURN WALL, RETAINING
WALL AND FOUNDATION

BRIDGE AT CH. 17/650

1 x 4 m R.C.C SLAB
 CONTENTS

Sl. No. Item Description

1.0 Drawing

2.0 Data Sheet

3.0 Carriageway Live Load Calculations

4.0 Horizontal Force Calculations

5.0 Load Estimation and Calculation

6.0 Design of Abutment Shaft

7.0 Design Of Abutment Cap

8.0 Stability Checks for Different Load Cases

9.0 Design Of Footing

10.0 Design of Dirt wall

11.0 Design of Solid Return Wall

 SKETCH OF ABUTMENT

0.02
528.149 m Formation Level

0.575

0 527.574
0.3 527.574
0.38 0.2 0.2 0
527.274
0.8

0.8
526.149 GL

525.149 T/O Fdn

2.500 2.000
0
1
1
5.300 524.149 B/O Fdn

Length of Footing along Transverse direction = 12 m

Width of Pile Cap along longitudinal direction = 5.300 m
 General Data

Formation Level = 528.149 m

Soffit level/Bottom RL of Deck = 527.574 m
Bearing Level (Pedestal Top) = 527.574 m
Abutment Cap Level = 527.574 m
Ground Level = 526.149 m
Founding Level = 524.149 m
Top of foundation = 525.149 m
No of lanes = 3
Maximum Load on Span =
a.70R(Wheel) Loading = 100.00 T
b.Class A loading = 55.40 T
Density of concrete = 2.50 T
3
Unit weight of Backfill = 2.00 T/m
Grade of Concrete M 25.00
Characteristic Tensile strength of Reinforcemet Fy = 500.00 Mpa
Details of Slab and Spanning

Overall length of Span = 4.80 m

Effective span length = 4.40 m
C/C of expansion Joint = 4.82 m
Carriage way width = 11.1 m
Deck Width = 12 m
No of Deck slab on the abutment = 1 nos
Thickness of wearing coat = 0.075 m
Shaft width/Dia = 0.8 m
Shaft Length = 12 m
Thickness of Foundation = 1 m
No of pedestal on the abutment = 0.00 nos
Length of footing along the transverse direction = 12 m
Crash barrier Height = 1.05 m
Solid Height of slab and crash Barrier = 1.625
Void Railing Height = 0
Dead Load of Slab = 61.2 t
Live Load on Abutment (Ref. Live Load Calculation) = 59.81427 t
Maximum Moment due to eccentricity of Live Load
M LL = 11.02122 t-m
M TT = (Ref. Live Load Calculation) 84.04 t-m
Type of Bearing Concrete over Concrete
SIDL = 1.8 T/m
Surfacing = 2.08 T/m
Impact Factor = 0

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
Horizontal Forces
A.BRAKING FORCE
HORIZONTAL LOAD CALCULATION
BRAKING EFFECT Clause 211.2 of IRC 6-2017
Frictional Force due to temperature variation has not been considered as they cancels for equal
spans
A. Braking Force

Span Length = 4.8 m

On First train load
70R Loading = 70.00 t
Class A Loading ( length of vehicle 18.8m from first axle to last axle) = 25.50 t

On second Train Load =

70R Loading Wheel ( after 30m from last axle of the first vehicle) = 0.00 t
Class A Loading ( after 20m from last axle of the first vehicle) = 0.00 t
= 0 t
For 12 m carriage width maximum braking force = 70.00 t
Fh = = 15.275 t

Horizontal Force at Bearing level [ Ref: Cl. 211.5.1.2 of IRC 6:2017 ]

For the case of simply supported small spans upto 10m resting on unyield supports and where
no bearings are provided,horizontal force in the longitudinal direction at the bearing level shall
be
Maximum of , Fh or μ Rg
2
Rg (Reaction at free end due to dead load) = 61.2/2 = 30.6 t
μ (Coefficient of friction )
For concrete over concrete with Bitumen = 0.5
Fh = 7.6375 t
2
μ Rg = 15.3 t
Governing longitudinal force = 15.3 t
Braeaking force shall be acti parallel to roadway and 1.2 m above it.
R.L. of Application point of breaking force = 529.349 m

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
Summary of moments due to braking force

Abutment Cap Level = 27.158 t-m

Bottom of abutment shaft = 64.260 t-m
Bottom of Footing = 79.560 t-m

CENTRIFUGAL FORCE [ Ref: Cl. 212 of IRC 6:2017 ]

2
Centrifugal force ( C ) = WV = 0.000 t
127R

W = 70.0 t
V = 30 Kmph
R = 3.5E+09 m

R.L. Of application of centrifugal force = 529.349 m

Lever arm w.r.t. base of abutment = 4.2 m

Lever arm w.r.t. base of footing = 5.2 m

Moment about base of abutment = 0x4.2 = 0 t-m

Moment about base of footing = 0x5.2x1 = 0 t-m

Wind Force Calculation

Individual span of Bridge = 4.8 m OK , So Clause 209.3 of IRC 6-2017 is applicable
Type of Structure : Deck/girder type
Height of Solid section above abutment Cap level = 0.575 m
Height of Railing Solid = 1.05 m
Hence Centroid of wind force above abutment cap level = 0.8125 m, at R.L. 528.3865
Height of wind above L.W.L(Lowest water level) ,H = 2.2375 m
Terrain = Plain terrain
Basic wind speed = 33 m/sec
Location of Bridge = Arrowa-Khupa-Hayuliang
Wind Speed to be considered in the Design = 44 m/sec
Wind Pressure(Pz) = 824.36 N/m^2

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
Design Wind Force on superstructure:
For Superstructure
Transverse Wind Force
FT = PZ X A1 X G X CD
Where ,
Pz Wind Pressure = 824.35556 N/m^2
A1 Solid area = 3.9 m^2
G Gust Factor = 2
b/d = 20.86957
CD Drag coefficient = 0.84
FT = 5401.2 N
= 0.55 T
Longitudinal wind force @25% of Transverse wind force
FL = 1350.2945 N
Vertical Wind force = 0.14 T
Fv = PZ X A3 X G X CL
Pz Wind Pressure = 824.36 N/m^2
A1 Plan area = 28.8 m^2
G Gust Factor = 2
CL Lift coefficient = 0.75
Fv = 35612.16 N
= 3.63 T
For Live Load on Superstructure
Design wind speed = 44 m/sec
Wind speed for live load calculation = 36 m/sec
(Ref Cl 209.3.7 of IRC 6 -2017)
Wind force for transverse direction
FT = PZ X A4 X G X CD
Pz Wind Pressure = 551.84 N/m^2
A1 Plan area = 4.68
G Gust Factor = 2
CD Drag coefficient = 1.1
Wind Velocity Vz = 505.85 m/sec
FT = 5681.758 N = 0.58 T
Height of Vehicle = 3m
Crash Barrier Height = 1.05 m
Exposed height = 1.95 m
R.L. of application = 530.174 m
Longitudinal Wind Force on superstructure
FL = 1420.44 N
= 0.14 T

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
Design Wind Force on substructure:
Transverse Wind Force
No of Abutment = 1 Shaft length = 12
equivalent Length of the abutment = 12.000 Thickness = 0.8
Height of abutment = 1.425 Area = 9.6
Breadth of abutment + returnwall = 3.3 h/t = 1.78
h/b = 0.43
l/b = 3.636364
Shape of abutment = Rectangular abutment
R.L. Centriod of Abutment = 525.8615 m
Point of application = 527.674 m
FT = Pz xATxGxCD
Pz Wind pressure = 824.3556 N/m^2
ProjectedAelevation
T of abutment = 4.7025 m^2 t/b = 3.636364
G Gust Factor = 2
CD Drag Coefficient = 0.8000 Table -6 ,IRC:6
FT = 6202.451 N
= 0.63 T
MOMENTS DUE TO WIND FORCE
For Superstructure For live load For Sub structure
MTT MLL MTT MLL MTT
At abutment shaft bottom level in T-m 1.78 0.45 2.91 0.7 1.59
At founding level in T-m 2.33 0.58 3.49 0.84 2.22

SUMMARY OF WIND FORCES

Uplift force = 3.630 T
MTT MLL FT FL
At abutment shaft bottom level in T-m 6.28 1.15 1.76 0.28
At founding level in T-m 8.04 1.42 1.76 0.28

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Live Load Calculations for abutment for Class 70R Track Vehicle Loading

Loading Arrangement for 70R Tracked Vehicle :

IRC 70R(T)
A B C
Span Length AB 4800 mm
BC 4800 mm
9600 mm
Support Positions A1 B1 B2 B3 C1
AA1 200 mm
A1B1 4400 mm
B1B2 200 mm RA1 = 35.168 T RA = 35.17 T
B2B3 200 mm RB1 = 34.83 T RB = 34.83 T
B3C1 4400 mm RB3 = 0 T
C 1C 200 mm RC1 = 0.00 T Rc = 0.00 T
9600 mm 70 T 70.00 T

Class 70R Track Loading Position of 1st Load w.r.t. A1

(Ref: IRC:6 -2017 Cl. 204.1)
LOAD Length Spacing Between Trains 4574 mm
70 T 4570 mm 90000 mm

(Ref: Analysis Of Structures Prof. V.N. Vazirani,Dr. M.M. Ratwani)

0.5024

A1
Va 2289 mm X
Influence Line for Reaction at A

Maximum vertical Reaction at A for maximum reaction on abutment :

VA = 70x0.5024 = 35.168 T

VB = 70 - 35.168 = 34.83 T

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Live Load Calculations for Class 70R Wheel Loading
IRC 70R(W)
A B
Span Length AB 4800 mm
BC 4800 mm
9600 mm
Support Positions B1 B2 B3 C1
A1
AA1 200 mm
A1B1 4400 mm
B1 B2 200 mm ` RA1 = 25.90 T RA = 25.90 T
B2 B3 200 mm RB1 = 15.10 T
RB = 17.86 T
B3C1 4400 mm RB3 = 2.76 T
C1C 200 mm RC1 = 5.24 T Rc = 5.24 T
9600 mm 49.01 T 49.01 T

Class 70R Wheel Loading

Position of 1st Load w.r.t. A
7612 mm
LOAD Length Spacing Between Trains 0
100 T 13400 mm 30000 mm

SPAN A - B SPAN B - C
Load in T Distance Effective Ordinate Reaction Effective Effective Ordinate Reaction Effective
in mm Position of at A1 Loads in Position of at B3 Loads in T
from A1 influence T from B influence
line line
L1 8 0 0 0.000 0.00 0 3012 0.345 2.76 8
L2 12 3960 3652 0.206 2.47 12 0 0.000 0.00 0
L3 12 1520 2132 0.537 6.44 12 0 0.000 0.00 0
L4 17 2130 2 1.000 16.99 17 0 0.000 0.00 0
L5 17 1370 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L6 17 3050 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L7 17 1370 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
Next L1 8 30000 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L2 12 3960 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L3 12 1520 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L4 17 2130 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L5 17 1370 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L6 17 3050 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L7 17 1370 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
∑ = 25.90 41 ∑ = 2.7616 8
RB1 = 41.00 T - 25.90 T = 15.10 T RC1 = 8.00 T - 2.76 T = 5.24 T
(Ref: Analysis Of Structures Prof. V.N. Vazirani,Dr. M.M. Ratwani)
0.00
0.00
1 0.00
1.00 0.54
0.2061
0.00

A1 0 0 0 2 2132 3652 0
L7 L6 L5 L4 L3 L2 L1
Influence Line for Reaction at A

0.3452
0.00
0.00 0.00
1 0.00
0.00
0.00
B
3012 0 0 0 0 0 0
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7
Influence Line for Reaction at B

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Live Load Calculations for Class A Wheel Loading
IRC CLASS A (W)
A B
Span Length AB 4800 mm C
BC 4800 mm
9600 mm
B1 B2 B3
Support Positions A1
AA1 200 mm
A1B1 4400 mm
B1 B2 200 mm RA1 = 19.94 T RA = 19.94 T
B2 B3 200 mm 5501 mm RB1 = 5.56 T
RB = 7.73 T
B3C1 4400 mm RB3 = 2.17107 T
C1C 200 mm RC1 = 0.53 T Rc = 0.53 T
9600 mm 28.1992 T 28.20 T
Class A Wheel Loading
LOAD Length Spacing Between Trains
55.4 T 18800 mm 20000 mm

SPAN A - B SPAN B - C
Load in Distanc Effective Ordinate Reaction Effective Effective Ordinate Reaction Effective
T e in mm Position of at A1 Loads in Position of at B3 Loads in
from A1 influence T from B influence T
line line
L1 2.7 0 0 0.000 0.00 0 901 0.804 2.17 2.7
L2 2.7 1100 4401 0.043 0.12 2.7 0 0.000 0.00 0
L3 11.4 3200 1201 0.739 8.42 11.4 0 0.000 0.00 0 RB1 = 25.50 T - 19.94 T
L4 11.4 1200 1 1.000 11.40 11.4 0 0.000 0.00 0 = 5.56 T
L5 6.8 4300 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L6 6.8 3000 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0 RC1 = 2.70 T - 2.17 T
L7 6.8 3000 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0 = 0.53 T
L8 6.8 3000 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
Next L1 2.7 20000 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L2 2.7 1100 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L3 11.4 3200 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L4 11.4 1200 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L5 6.8 4300 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L6 6.8 3000 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L7 6.8 3000 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
L8 6.8 3000 0 0.000 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0
∑ 19.94 25.5 ∑ 2.171 2.7
0.00 0.00 0.00 (Ref: Analysis Of Structures Prof. V.N. Vazirani,Dr. M.M. Ratwani)
0.00 1.00
1 0.74 0.043
0.00

A1 0 0 0 0 1 1201 4401 0
L8 L7 L6 L5 L4 L3 L2 L1
Influence Line for Reaction at A
0.8041 0
0 0 0
1 0 0
0

B 901 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8
Influence Line for Reaction at B

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 SUMMARY OF LIVE LOAD FOR ABUTMENT

ABSTRACT

ABUTMENT CASE FOR 3 LANE

ALTERNATE Vehicle Type eLL Carriageway Clearance clearnce Vehicle CG of maximum moment Remark
width from other width vehicle with reaaction
vehicle respect to
the centre MTT MLL
1 One lane of class 70 R Tracked 0.2 11.1 1.2 2.9 2.9 35.17 101.9872 7.0336
70R Tracked + One
Lane Of Class A
Class A 0.2 11.1 1.2 2.3 -0.9 19.94 -17.94428 3.987618

TOTAL 55.11 84.042919 11.021218

2 One lane of class 70 R wheeled 0.2 11.1 1.2 2.79 2.955 25.90 76.547502 5.18088
70R Wheeled
+One Lane Of
Class A
Class A 0.2 11.1 1.2 2.3 -0.79 19.94 -15.75109 3.987618
TOTAL 45.84 60.796411 9.168498
3 Three lane of class Class A 0.2 11.1 0.15 2.3 4.25 19.94 84.736883 3.987618
A
Class A 0.2 11.1 1.2 2.3 0.75 19.94 14.953568 3.987618

Class A 0.2 11.1 1.2 2.3 -2.75 19.94 -54.82975 3.987618

TOTAL 59.81 44.860703 7.975236

SUMMARY MTT 84.042919

MLL 11.021218
Load 59.81

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 1.0 INTRODUCTION
The structural system consists of a solid rectangular abutment with monolithic dirtwall,square returnwall
combined with solid abutment cap.
2.0 REFERENCES
For the design of the abutment and its different components the following IRC / IRS Codes have been followed.
i. IRC:5-2015
ii. IRC:6-2017
iii. IRC:112-2011
iv. IRC:78-2014

3.0 DESIGN PARAMETERS:

Proposed Road Level 528.149 m

Proposed Bridge Formation Level 528.149 m
Structural Depth of Girder+ Wearing Coat 0.575 m
Bottom of Girder Level 527.574 m
Top of pedestal level 527.574 m
Top of Abutment Cap level 527.574 m
Top RL of Abutment Shaft 527.274 m
Ground Level 526.149 m
Top of Footing 525.149 m
Bottom Of Footing 524.149 m

4.0 SPAN DETAILS

Effective Span between C/C of Bearing = 4.4 m
Overall Span = 4.8 m
Span Between C/C of Expansion Joints = 4.82 m
5.0 SKETCHES
528.149

527.574 0.22 0.38

0.25 0.575
0 527.574
0.3
527.274 0 0.3

2.425
0.8

526.149

525.149
0
1
1
524.149
2 0.8 2.5
5.3

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 C/L of Abutment shaft 0.25 C/L of Foundation

0.5 0.5

0.8 2.5

12 0.8
2.86
12

5.3
PLAN

6.0 DEAD LOAD CALCULATION

6.1 Dead Loads from Superstructure
Wt. of Slab & Girder = 61.2 T
Reaction on abutment = 30.6 T
Longitudinal Eccentricity of Reaction w.r.t. C/L of Abutment, eL1 = 0.2000 m
Longitudinal Eccentricity of Reaction w.r.t. C/L of Footing, eL2 = 0 m
Longitudinal Moment due to DL about C/L of Abutment = 6.12 T-m
Longitudinal Moment due to DL about C/L of Footing = 0.00 T-m

The Superstructure is symmetric about Centreline of Soffit,Therefore there is no transverse Eccentricity.

Transverse Eccentricity of Reaction ,et = 0m
Transverse Moment due to Dead load 30.6x0 = 0 T-m

6.2 Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) from Superstructure

Intensity of SIDL = 1.8 T/m
SIDL Reaction from span = 1.8x4.8/2 = 4.32 T
Longitudinal Eccentricity of Reaction w.r.t. C/L of Abutment, e L1 = 0.2 m
Longitudinal Eccentricity of Reaction w.r.t. C/L of Footing, e L2 = 0 m
Longitudinal Moment due to SIDL about C/L of Abutment = 4.32x0.2 = 0.864 T-m
Longitudinal Moment due to SIDL about C/L of Footing = 4.32X0 = 0.000 T-m

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 The Superstructure is symmetric about CentreLine of Soffit,therefore there is no transverse eccentricity.
Transverse Eccentricity of Reaction,e t = 0 m
Intensity of Surfacing = 2.08 T/m
Reaction for surfacing from span = 2.08 x 4.8/2 = 4.992 T
Longitudinal Eccentricity of Reaction w.r.t. C/L of Abutment, e L1 = 0.2 m
Longitudinal Eccentricity of Reaction w.r.t. C/L of Footing, e L2 = 0 m
Longitudinal Moment due to SIDL about C/L of Abutment = 4.992X0.2 = 0.998 T-m
Longitudinal Moment due to SIDL about C/L of Footing = 4.992x0 = 0.000 T-m

The Superstructure is symmetric about CentreLine of Soffit,therefore there is no transverse eccentricity.

Transverse Eccentricity of Reaction,e t = 0m
Transverse Moment due to Surfacing = 0 T-m

6.3 Dead Load From Abutment Cap

Length of Bed Block = 12 m 0.38
Width of Bed Block = 0.8 m
Depth of cap = 0.3 m
0.575
0.200
0
a] Dead Load of Dirt Wall 0
Dead Load = 0.38x0.575x12x2.5 = 6.555 T 0.3
Eccentricity w.r.t. Abutment CG (0.8-0.38)/2 = -0.21 M 0.8
Eccentricity w.r.t. Footing CG -0.21+0.25 = 0.04

C/L of bearing
C/L of Abutment
b] Dead load of abutment Cap 0.8
Dead load = 0.8x0.3x12x2.5 = 7.200 t
Eccentricity w.r.t. Abutment CG = 0m
Eccentricity w.r.t. Footing CG = 0.25 m

c] For raised section of concrete above pier cap

0
Volume of concrete = 0.5 x12x0x0.4
3
= 0.00 m 12.00
Weight of concrete section = 0t
Eccentricity w.r.t. Abutment CG = 0.2
Eccentricity w.r.t. Footing CG = 0.45

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Total Dead Load from Abutment Cap
= 6.56+7.2+0+0+0+0+0+0 = 13.755 t
Total Longitudinal moment about C.L. Of Abutment due to above Dead load
= 6.56x-0.21+7.2x0+0x0.2+0x0.2+0x0.2+0x0.2 = -1.377 t-m
Total Longitudinal moment about C.L. Of Footing due to above Dead load
= 6.56x0.04+7.2x0.25+0x0.45+0x0.45+0x0.45+0x0.45 = 2.062 t-m

6.4 Dead Load of Abutment shaft

The abutment has Rectangular Section. 12

Traffic Direction 0.8

Total Height of Abutment = 527.274-525.149 = 2.125 m

2
Section Area of Abutment shaft = 12x0.8 = 9.600 m
3
Volume of Abutment Shaft = 12x0.8x2.125 = 20.400 m
Dead Load From abutment Shaft = 20.4x2.5 = 51 T
Longitudinal eccentricity w.r.t. C/L of Footing eL = 0.25 m
Longitudinal Moment about C/L of Footing = = 12.75 T-m
6.5 Dead Load of Square Return
Length of Square Return = 2.500 m
Average width of Square Return = 0.500 m
Height of Square Return = 3.000 m
Weight of One square returns = 1x2.5x0.5x3x 2.5 = 9.375 T

Longitudinal Eccentricity w.r.t C/L of Footing = -1.4 m

Longitudinal Moment about C/L of Footing = -1.4x(9.375) = -13.125 T-m
6.6 Dead Load of Fly Wing
Length of Fly Wing = 0.00 m
Depth of Fly Wing at Junction = 0.00 m 0.00
Depth of Fly eing at End = 0.00 m
Thickness of Fly Wing = 0.3 m 0.00

Weight Of Two fly wing Walls : 0.00

2x0x 0.5 (0+0) x 0.3 = 0t
Location of C.G. of Fly Wing from face of Return wall
= [(2x0+0)/(0+0)]x0/3 = 0m

Longitudinal Eccentricity w.r.t. C/L of Footing

= 0-2.5-(0.8/2)+0.25 = 0m

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Location of CG of Fy wing wall from Formtion Level = 0m
2
Area of Rectangular portion = 0x0 = 0m
Location of CG of Rectangular portion from Formation Level = 0/2 = 0m
Area of triangular portion from formation level = 0.5x(0-0)x0 = 0 m2
Location of CG of triangular portion fron Formation level = 0+(0-0)/3 = 0 m
Hence location of CG of Fly Wing from Formation Level (0x0+0x0)/(0+0) = 0 m
Longitudinal Moment Due to DL of Fly Wing about C/L of foundation 0x0 = 0 T-m
6.7 Dead Load of Footing(1/2 Length)
Length Of Footing (Perpendicular to Track) = 12 m
2
Sectional Area of Footing(parallel to Track) = 5.3 m
Depth of Footing = 1 m
Skew Angle = 0 ˚
= 0.0000 rad
Longitudinal Direction
5.3

5.3

12

Traffic Direction
PLAN OF FOOTING

Weight of Footing = 12x5.3x2.5 = 159 T

7.0 VERTICAL LIVE LOAD CALCULATIONS

Standard of Loading (IRC Class 70R & Class A)
(Note : Please Refer to Table 6 of IRC 6 -2017)
Loaded Length(Edge to Edge of Superstructure) = 4.8 m
Total Load (Shear) for the Span = 59.814 T
Longitudinal Eccentricity w.r.t. C/L of Abutment, e l1 = 0.2 m
Longitudinal Eccentricity of Reaction w.r.t. C/L of Footing,el2 = 0 m
Impact Factor = 0
Total Live Load (Shear) with Impact = 59.81427x(1+0) = 59.814 T
Live Load Reaction on Abutment = 59.814 T
Longitudinal Moment due to LL on Abutment, ML = 11.963 T-m
Transverse Moment due to LL on Abutment , MT = 84.043 T-m
For Design of Foundations
Therefore ,I for Foundation = 0
Total Live Load Reaction (excluding CDA) 59.81427x(1+0) = 59.814 T

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Total Live Load Reaction at base of Footing without CDA = 59.814 T-m
Longitudinal Moment due to LL on Abutment, ML = 0.000 T-m
Transverse Moment due to LL on Abutment , MT = 84.043 T-m

8.0 HORIZONTAL LOAD CALCULATION

8.1 TRACTIVE EFFORT/BRAKING FORCE

Lever Arm w.r.t. Base of Abutment = = 4.2 m

Lever Arm w.r.t. Bottom of Footing = = 5.2 m

Moment about Base of Abutment = 64.260 T-m

Moment about Bottom of Footing = 79.560 T-m

8.2 EARTH PRESSURE

8.2.1 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE DUE TO BACKFILL

Properties of Back fill

φ = 35 ˚ = 0.611 radians
β = 0 ˚ = 0.000 radians
δ = 22.5 ˚ = 0.393 radians
α = 0 ˚ = 0.00 radians
3
γ = 2 T/m
Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure
2
cos ( φ - α)
Ka = 2
2
cos α cos ( δ + α) 1+ sin ( φ + δ) sin(φ - β)
cos ( δ + α) cos (α-β)

Ka = 0.244

cos2 ( φ + α)
Kp =
cos2 α cos (δ-α) 1- sin ( φ + δ) sin(φ + β) 2 = 9.507
cos (α - β) cos (δ - α)

528.149
(FORMATION LEVEL)

4.000

525.149
(TOP OF Footing)

1.0

524.149
(BOTTOM OF Footing)

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 At Base of abutment Wall
Earth pressure at Abutment Base = Ka ɣ H
2
= 0.244x2x3 = 1.464 T/m
Total Force at Abutment Base = 0.5x1.464x3x12 = 26.352 T

Angle of inclination of Pa with normal to face (δ) = 22.5 ˚

Horizontal Component(Pah) = 24.3461 T
Vertical component (Pav) = 10.0845 T

Lever Arm w.r.t. Abutment Base = 3x 0.42 = 1.26 m

Moment about Base of Abutment Wall = 24.346x1.26 = 30.6761 T-m

At base of Footing
2
Earth Pressure at base of Footing = 0.244x2x4 = 1.952 T/m
Force on Footing only due to Abutment wall 0.5x (1.952)x4x12x1 = 46.848 T
Lever arm w.r.t. Footing Base = 1.68 M
Total Force at bottom of Footing = 46.848 T
Horizontal Component (Pah ) = 43.2819 T
Vertical component (Pav) = 17.928 T

Total Horizontal Force = 43.2819 T

Total Vertical force = 17.928 T
Total moment at bottom of Footing = 0 T-m
Moment for connecting wall portion = 0 T-m
Total Longitudinal moment due to earth pressure = 0 T-m
8.2.2 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE DUE TO SURCHARGE EFFECT(Back Fill)
The increase in horizontal pressure due live load surcharge = Δp = k x ϒ x heq
k= 0.244
3
ɣ= 2.00 T/m
heq = 1.2 m
2
Δp = 0.586 T/m
Length of Abutment L = 12 m
Height of Abutment H = 3m

0.586
(FORMATION LEVEL)

F1
3

(TOP OF Footing)
F2
1
(BOTTOM OF Footing)
0.586

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 F1 = 1.758 T/m

CG = 1.5 m

F2 = 0.586 T/m

CG = 0.5 m
At Base of abutment Wall
Total Horizontal Force at Base of Abutment Wall = Δp x H x L = 21.096 T
CG about Base of abutment wall = H1/2 = 1.5 m
Moment about Base of Abutment wall = = 31.644 T-m

AT Base of Footing
Total Horizontal force at Bottom of Footing = Δp x H x L = 28.128 T
CG about base of Footing = H2/2 = 2m
Total Moment about Base of Footing = = 56.256 T-m

9.0 VERTICAL LOAD DUE TO EARTH

9.1 VERTICAL LOAD DUE TO BACKFILL ON Footing
Height of backfill behind abutment wall = 3 m
Total Effective width = 12 m
Effective width of outer cantilever Footing loaded with Earthfill for one abutment = 11 m
Weight(W) = (2 x11 x3x2.5 ) = 165 T
Eccentricity w.r.t. CG of Footing = = -1.4 m

Total width of soil for Footing = 11 m

Total weight of soil on Footing 2x12x3x2.5 = 180 T
Longitudinal momentabout CG of Footing = 180x (-1.4) = -252 T-m

9.2 VERTICA L LOAD DUE TO LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE

Vertical Load Due to Live load surcharge on Footing = 72 T
Eccentricity w.r.t. CG of Footing = -1.4 m
Longitudinal Moment about CG of Footing = -100.8 T-m

9.3 VERTICAL LOAD DUE TO FRONT EARTHFILL

Spilling Length in front of Abutment = 2m
Height of spilling Earth = 0.00 m
Vertical load due to Front Earthfill (2x12x0x ) x2
= 0T
Eccentricity w.r.t. CG of Foundation = 1.65
Longitudinal moment about CG of Foundation = 0x1.65 = 0 T-m

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 12.0 SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS

Summary of Forces and Moments at base of abutmet

S.L NO Forces V MT ML FL FT
1 Dead load
Superstructure 30.6 0 6.12 0 0
Cap, Dirt wall,Pedestal 13.755 0 -1.377 0 0
Abutment Shaft 51 0 12.75 0 0
Connecting wall 0 0 0 0 0
Fly Wing 0 0 0 0 0
∑= 95.355 0 17.493 0 0
2 SIDL
A- Including surfacing 4.32 0 0.864 0 0
4.992 0 0.9984 0 0
3 Live Load 59.81427 84.042919 11.96285 0 0
4 Braking 0 0 64.26 15.3 0
5 Due to Earth
Earth fill 0 0 30.67605 24.34607 0
Live load surcharge 0 0 31.644 21.096 0
DL & LL Surcharge of 0 0 0 0 0
∑= 0 0 62.32005 45.44207 0
6 Centrifugal force 0 0.00 0 0 0
7 Wind
For superstructure 0 1.78 0.45 0.137645 0.550579
For Live Load on superstructure 0 2.91 0.7 0.14 0.58
For substructure 0 1.59 0 0 0.63
∑= 0 6.28 1.15 0.277645 1.760579
8 Water Current 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Seismic
Due to Dead Load 0 0.00 0.00 0 0
Due to Live Load 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
10 Temperature 0 0 0 0 0

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Summary of Forces and Moments at base of Footing
S.L NO Forces V MT ML FL FT
1 Dead load
Superstructure 61.2 0 0 0 0
Cap, Dirt wall,Pedestal 27.51 0 0 0 0
Abutment Shaft 102 0 0 0 0
Connecting wall 0 0
Fly Wing 0 0 0 0 0
Return wall 18.75 0 0 0 0
Footing 318 0 0 0 0
∑= 527.46 0 0 0 0
2 SIDL
A- Including surfacing 8.64 0 0 0 0
9.984 0 0 0 0
3 Live Load 119.6285 84.043 11.96285 0 0
4 Braking 0 0 79.56 15.3 0
5 Due to Earth
Due to wt. of Earth back fill 360 0 0 0 0
Due to wt. of Earth front fill 0 0
Due to wt of LL Surcharge 72 0 0 0 0
Earth Pressure due to backfill 0 0 0.000 43.282 0
Passive earth pressure 0 0 0 0 0
Live load surcharge 0 0 56.256 28.128 0
DL & LL Surcharge of Ft. track 0 0 0 0.0 0
∑= 432 0 56.256 71.410 0
6 Centrifugal force 0.00 0.00 0 0 0.0000
7 Wind
for superstructure 0 2.33 0.58 0.138 0.551
For Live Load on superstructure 0 3.49 0.84 0.14 0.58
For substructure 0 2.22 0 0 0.63
∑= 0 8.04 1.42 0.277645 1.761
8 Water Current 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Seismic
Due to Dead Load 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
Due to Live Load 0.00 0.00 0 0 0.00
0 0 0.00 0 0
10 Temperature 0 0 0 0 0

13.0 VARIOUS LOAD COMBINATION CASES :

A Combination of Loads for Limit State Design
Refer to IRC: 6-2017
Partial Saftey Factors for various limit states

Partial Safety Factor for Verification Partial Safety Factor for

Combination for base pressure and design of
Forces of Serviceability limit State Table Verification of structural strength
foundation Table B.4
B.3 Table B.2
Quasi-
Accidental Normal Sesmic Accidental
Rare Frequent Permanent Basic Combinatio Combinati
Combinatio Combinatio Combinati Combinatio
Combination Combination Combinatio Combination n(1) on(2)
n n on n
n
Dead load 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.35 1.00 1.35 1.35 1.00 1.35 1.00
SIDL 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.35 1.00 1.35 1.35 1.00 1.35 1.00
Surfacing 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.75 1.00 1.75 1.75 1.00 1.75 1.00
Live Load 1.00 0.75 0.00 1.5 0.75 0.00 1.5 1.30 0.75 0.75
Braking 1.00 0.75 0.00 1.5 0.75 0.00 1.5 1.30 0.75 0.75
E.P. due to
backfill 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.50 1.5 1.30 1.00 1.00
Pressure

C.F Force 1.00 0.75 0.00 1.50 0.75 0.00 1.5 1.30 0.75 0.75
Wind 1.00 0.60 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.5 1.30 0.00 0.00
Water Current 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
Seismic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.00
Temperature 1.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.80 0.50 0.50
Back fill earth filling 1.35 1.00 1.00 1.00

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 B Partial Safety Factor for Verification of Equilibrium as per Table B.1 IRC :6 -2017

Partial Safety Factor for Various Equilibrium Condition

Forces Basic Comb. Accidental Comb. Seismic Comb.
Restoring Restoring Restoring
Overturning or Overturning or Overturnin or
or Sliding or Resisting or Sliding or Resisting g or Sliding Resisting
Uplift Effect Uplift Effect or Uplift Effect
Dead load 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9
SIDL 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9
Surfacing 1.35 1 1 1 1.35 1
Live Load 1.5 0 0.75 0 0 0
Braking
E.P. due to backfill 1.5 0 0.75 0 0 0
Pressure 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
C.F Force 1.5 0 0.75 0 0 0
Wind 1.5 0 0 0 0 0
Water Current 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0
Seismic 0 0 0 0 1.5 0
Temperature 1.5 0 0 0 0 0
DL + LL surcaharge 1.2 0 0 0 0 0

14.0 Combination of Loads and Moments at Base of Abutment

Serviceability Limit state:
Rare Combination
Factored Load/Moment
Load Type Factor VL ML MT FL FT
Dead load 1.00 95.36 17.49 0 0 0
SIDL 1.00 4.32 0.86 0 0 0
Surfacing 1.20 5.99 1.20 0 0 0
Live Load 1.00 59.81 11.96 84 0 0
Braking 1.00 0.00 64.26 0 15.30 0
E.P. due to
backfill 1.00 0 62.32 0 45.44 0
Pressure
Centrifugal
1.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
force
Wind 1.00 0 1.15 6.28 0.28 1.76
Water Current 1.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
Temperature
Net 165.48 159.25 90.32 61.02 1.76

Frequent Combination
Factored Load/Moment
Load Type Factor VL ML MT FL FT
Dead load 1.00 95.36 17.49 0 0 0
SIDL 1.00 4.32 0.86 0 0 0
Surfacing 1.20 5.99 1.20 0 0 0
Live Load 0.75 44.86 8.97 63 0 0
Braking 0.75 0.00 48.20 0 11.48 0
E.P. due to
backfill 1.00 0 62.32 0 45.44 0
Pressure
Centrifugal
0.75 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
force
Wind 0.60 0 0.69 3.77 0.17 1.06
Water Current 1.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
Temperature 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
Net 150.53 139.73 66.80 57.08 1.06

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Quasi-parmanent Combination
Factored Load/Moment
Load Type Factor VL ML MT FL FT
Dead load 1.00 95.36 17.49 0 0 0
SIDL 1.00 4.32 0.86 0 0 0
Surfacing 1.20 5.99 1.20 0 0 0
Live Load 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0
Braking 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0
E.P. due to
backfill 1.00 0 62.32 0 45.44 0
Pressure
Centrifugal
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
force
Wind 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Water Current 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
Temperature 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
Net 105.67 81.88 0.00 45.44 0.00

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE:

Basic Combination
Factored Load/Moment
Load Type Factor VL ML MT FL FT
Dead load 1.35 128.73 23.62 0 0 0
SIDL 1.35 5.83 1.17 0 0 0
Surfacing 1.75 8.74 1.75 0 0 0
Live Load 1.5 89.72 17.94 126 0 0
Braking 1.5 0.00 96.39 0 22.95 0
E.P. due to
backfill 1.50 0 93.48 0 68.16 0
Pressure
Centrifugal
1.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
force
Wind 1.50 0 1.73 9.42 0.42 2.64
Water Current 1.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
Temperature 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
Net 233.02 236.07 135.48 91.53 2.64

Accidental Combination
Factored Load/Moment
Load Type Factor VL ML MT FL FT
Dead load 1.00 95.36 17.49 0 0 0
SIDL 1.00 4.32 0.86 0 0 0
Surfacing 1.00 4.99 1.00 0 0 0
Live Load 0.75 44.86 8.97 63 0 0
Braking 0.75 0.00 48.20 0 11.48 0
E.P. due to
backfill 1.00 0 62.32 0 45.44 0
Pressure
Centrifugal
0.75 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
force
Wind 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Water Current 1.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
Temperature 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
Net 149.53 138.84 63.03 56.92 0.00

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 15.0 Combination of Loads and Moments at Base of Footing for design of foundation
Combination-(1)
Factored Load/Moment
Load Type Factor VL ML MT FL FT
Dead load 1.35 712.07 0.00 0 0 0
SIDL 1.35 11.66 0.00 0 0 0
Surfacing 1.75 17.47 0.00 0 0 0
Live Load 1.5 179.44 17.94 126 0 0
Braking 1.5 0.00 119.34 0 0.00 0
E.P. due to
backfill 1.5 648 84.38 0 107.11 0
& Surcharge
Centrifugal
1.5 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
force
Wind 1.5 0 2.13 12.06 0.42 2.64
Water Current 1.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
Temperature 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
Net 1568.65 223.80 138.12 107.53 2.64

Combination -(2)
Factored Load/Moment
Load Type Factor VL ML MT FL FT
Dead load 1.00 527.46 0.00 0 0 0
SIDL 1.00 8.64 0.00 0 0 0
Surfacing 1.00 9.98 0.00 0 0 0
Live Load 1.30 155.52 15.55 109 0 0
Braking 1.30 0.00 103.43 0 19.89 0
E.P. due to
backfill 1.30 562 73.13 0 92.83 0
& Surcharge
Centrifugal
1.30 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
force
Wind 1.30 0 1.85 10.45 0.36 2.29
Water Current 1.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
Temperature 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
Net 1263.20 193.96 119.71 113.08 2.29

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Accidental Combination
Factored Load/Moment
Load Type Factor VL ML MT FL FT
Dead load 1.00 527.46 0.00 0 0 0
SIDL 1.00 8.64 0.00 0 0 0
Surfacing 1.00 9.98 0.00 0 0 0
Live Load 0.75 89.72 8.97 63 0 0
Braking 0.75 0.00 59.67 0 11.48 0
E.P. due to
backfill 1.00 432 56.26 0 71.41 0
& Surcharge
Centrifugal
0.75 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
force
Wind 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Water Current 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
Temperature 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
Net 1067.81 124.90 63.03 82.88 0.00

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 15.0 Combination of Loads and Moments at Base of Footing for checking base pressure
Normal Combination
Factored Load/Moment
Load Type Factor VL ML MT FL FT
Dead load 1.00 527.46 0.00 0 0 0
SIDL 1.00 8.64 0.00 0 0 0
Surfacing 1.00 9.98 0.00 0 0 0
Live Load 1.00 119.63 11.96 84 0 0
Braking 1.00 0.00 79.56 0 0.00 0
E.P. due to
backfill 1.00 432 56.26 0 71.41 0
& Surcharge
Centrifugal
1.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
force
Wind 1.00 0 1.42 8.04 0.28 1.76
Water Current 1.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
Temperature 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
Net 1097.71 149.20 92.08 71.69 1.76

16.0 SUMMARY OF FORCES FOR DIFFERENT LOAD COMBINATIONS :

16.1 Summary of Forces at Base of Abutment
Serviceability Limit State (SLS)

Rare Combination Frequent Comb Quassi Permanent

V(T) 165.48 150.53 105.67
ML(T-m) 159.25 139.73 81.88
MT(T-m) 66.80 66.80 0.00
FL(T) 61.02 57.08 45.44
FT(T) 1.76 1.06 0.00

Ultimate Limit State(ULS)

Basic combination Acc. Combination

V(T) 233.02 149.53
V(T) On Wall 233.02 149.528
ML(T-m) 236.07 138.84
MT(T-m) 135.48 63.03
FL(T) 91.53 56.92
FT(T) 2.64 0.00

16.2 Summary of Forces at Base of Foundation for checking Base Pressure

Normal Comb.
V(T) 1097.71
ML(T-m) 149.20
MT(T-m) 92.08
FL(T) 71.69
FT(T) 1.76

Summary of Forces at Base of Foundation for design of Foundation

Table no. B.4 IRC-6(2017)
Combination(1) Combination(2) Accidental Comb.
V(T) 1568.65 1263.20 1067.81
ML(T-m) 223.80 193.96 124.90
MT(T-m) 138.12 119.71 63.03
FL(T) 107.53 107.53 82.88
FT(T) 2.64 2.64 0.00

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 15 DESIGN OF ABUTMENT WALL (Refer: Clause 7.6.4. IRC 112-2011)
The Abutment section is checked for Ultimate Limit State
Charecterstic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 25 Mpa
Charecterestic Tensile Strength of Reinforcement fy = 500 Mpa

Abutment Section at Base

0.8

12
2
Sectional Area of Abutment Ac = 12 x 0.8 = 9.60 m
Therefore; 0.1x fck x Ac = ( 0.10 x 25 x 12 x 0.8 ) x 100 = 2400 t
Maximum Ultimate Axial Compressive Load (Pmax) = 233.02 t
Therefore; 0.1x fck x Ac = 2400 > 233.02 ,OK
Retaining walls,wing walls,abutments and other similar wall-like elements where ultimate axial load is less than
0.1 fck Ac may be designed as bending elements,neglecting axial load.
Maximum Ultimate Longitudinal Moment ML = 236.07 t-m
Maximum Ultimate Transverse Moment MT = 135.48 t-m
Resultant Moment MR = SQRT (ML2 + MT2)
= SQRT ( 236.069^2 + 135.484^2 )
= 272.184419 t-m
Design Moment per unit width = 272.184 / 12
= 22.6820349 t-m/m
Overall Depth = 800 mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Diameter of Main Rods (Vertical) = 16 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods (Horizontal) = 12 mm
Effective Cover = 75 + 12 + 16 / 2 = 95 mm
Effective Depth, d = 800 - 95 = 705 mm
Width of abutment = 1000 mm

Depth check for longitudinal direction:

Mu = 22.68203 t-m/m
dreq. = (Mu/R.b)0.5
R = 0.165 x fck
4.125
dreq. = 234.49 mm < 705 mm OK

Limiting moment of resistsnce :

Mulim = 0.165 x fck x b x d2
= 205.02281 t-m/m > 22.6820349 t-m/m OK

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Reinforcement in transverse direction :

0.5 x fck x b x d [1-(1-4.6Mu/(fck b d2)0.5]

Ast req =
fy
2
= 756.20381 mm
Minimum required tensile steel =
2
756.204+0(due to shear) = 756.204 mm
Minimum Reinforcement area for each face of wall = 0.0012 x Ac
(Cl. 16.3.1 IRC : 112-2011) = 960 mm2/m
`

Minimum diameter of bar for vertical reinforcemt should not be less than 12 mm and distance between two adjecent vertical
bars shall not exceed 200 mm.

Provide T- 16 @ 160 mm c/c In LAYER I on earth side

2
Area of Steel Provided = ( π / 4 )16^2 x 1000 / 160 = 1257 mm
Provide T- 0@ 100 mm c/c In LAYER II on earth side
2
Area of Steel provided = ( π / 4 )0^2 x 1000 / 100 0 mm
Total area of Longitudinal Steel Provided,Ast = 1257 + 0
2
= 1257 mm /m
2 2
Therefore, Ast = 1257 mm /m > 960 mm /m ,OK
Horizontal Reinforcement
Minimum Horizontal reinforcement (Cl. 16.3.2 of IRC:112-2011)
2
1) maximum of 25% of vertical reinforcement = 0.25x1257 = 314.25 mm
2
& 0.001 Area of concrete (Ac) = 0.001x9600000
= 800 mm
12
2) Spacing between two adjacent bar should not be more than = 300 mm
3) Dia. Of bar shall not be less of maximum
1 / 4 X16 = 4 mm
& 8 mm , Therefore
Provide T- 12 @ 130 mm c/c as Transverse R/F
Therefore, Ast_trans = ( π / 4 ) x 12^2 x 1000 / 130
2 2
Therefore, Ast_trans = 870 mm / m > 800 mm / m ,OK

Reinforcement on outer face

Provide T- 16 @ 160 mm c/c Vertically
2
Therefore, Ast-Vertical = ( π / 4 ) x 16^2 x 1000 / 160 = 1257 mm / m ,OK

Provide T- 12 @ 130 mm c/c as Transverse R/F

2
Therefore, Ast_trans = ( π / 4 ) x 12^2 x 1000 / 130 = 870 mm / m ,OK

Transverse Reinforcement (cl. 16.3.3 IRC: 112-2011)

2
The area of vertical reinforcement provided in two faces of the wall = 1257+1257 = 2514 mm / m
2 2
0.02 AC = 16000 mm / m > 2514 mm / m
,Therefore no need of stirrups in accordance with cl. 16.2.3 of IRC:112-2011 ,Ok
16 CHECK FOR SHEAR
Maximum Ultimate Longitudinal Force HL = 91.530 T
Maximum Ultimate Transverse Force HT = 2.641 T
Resultant Force HR = SQRT (HL2 + HT2)
= SQRT ( 91.53^2 + 2.641^2 )
= 91.568 T
Therefore, Ultimate Shear Force per unit Width, Vu = 91.568 x 10 / 12
= 76.306 kN/ m

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 16.1 Design of shear Reinforcement:
(Ref: Cl. 10.3.3 of IRC:112-2011)
Check for shear:
Shear force = 76.306 KN/m
Overall depth of Section = 0.800 m
Effective depth of the section = 0.705 m
width of the Section = 1.000 m
2
ƥ1 = Asl/(bw.d) < 0.02 ,Asl = 1257 mm /m width
bw = 1000 mm
d = 705 mm
ƥ1 = 0.002
K = 1+(200/d)0.5 < 2.00 (eq. 10.2 cl.10.3.2 of IRC:112)
= 1.533
fck = 25 Mpa
fcd = 11.167 Mpa ,fcd= αcc fck/γm ,αcc = 0.67
NED = 0N
ϭcp = 0 ϭcp= Ned/Ac <0.2fcd
0.2fcd = 2.2334
Vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
Vmin = 0.294 N
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear v = 0.6(1-fck/310)
v = 0.552
(Ref: Eq10.6 cl.10.3.2 IRC:112-2011)
Check for concrete compression strut:
VED < 0.5 bw d v fcd
0.5 bw d v fcd = 0.5 x1000x705x0.552x11.167
= 2172874.86
= 217.287486 t > 7.63063894 t
16.2 Design shear resistance (Ref:cl.10.3.2 Eq.10.1,IRC :112-2011)
VRdc =[0.12K(80ƥ1fck)0.33+0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdcmin =[Vmin+0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdc = [0.12x1.533x(80x0.002x25)^0.33+0.15x0]x1000x705
= 204923.7596 N
Vrdcmin = (0.294+0.15x0)x1000x705
= 207270
VRdc = 20.727 t > 7.630639 t
Hence shear reinforcement not Required ok

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 18.0 CHECK FOR DUCTILE DETAILING :
CONFINING REINFORCEMENT
2
Area of longitudinal steel = 2514 mm /m
2
Area of concrete section = 800000 mm
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio = 0.0031425
Clear cover to reinforcement = 75 mm
Design axial load NED = 19.42 t
fyd = Design yield strength of reinforcemt = 434.783 Mpa

Normalised axial force nk = (NED/(Ac x fck)

= 0.010 < 0.08 OK
( Eq.17.1 of IRC: 112-2011) Hence Confinement reinforcement not required.

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
CRACKWIDTH CALCULATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT

Parameters
Overal depth of the section (h) = 800.00 mm
Width of the section (W) = 1000.00 mm
Clear cover (Cmin) = 75 mm
Effective cover cover (C) = 83 mm
Effective depth (d) = 705 mm
2
Grade of concrete = 25 N/mm
2
Grade of steel = 500 N/mm
Maximum Serviceablility Case moment (M) = 130.19 kNm
2
fcm = 35 N/mm
2
Es = 200000 N/mm
2
Ecm = 29961.95 N/mm
Dia. Of Bar Φ1 = 16 mm
n1 = 7

Φ2 = 0
n2 = 0
Modular Ratio (m) = 200000/29961.951
m = 6.67513274
Bar spacing = 160 mm
2
Ast = 1256.40 mm /m width
2
Asc = 1256.4 mm /m width
Allowable crack width Wmax = 0.3 mm
Crack width Wk = Srmax(εsm - εcm) (Eq. 12.5 of IRC:112-2011)
Calculation of Sr.max : (max. crack spacing)
Depth of neutral axis :
Transformed area of compression steel
2
= (6.675 - 1 ) x 1256.4 = 7130.237 mm
Transformed area of tension steel
2
= (6.675x1256.4 ) = 8386.637 mm
dc = -ASES +√ (AS ES )2 + 2bAsEsEc,eff d
b Ec,eff
dc (-1256.4x200000)+√(1256.4x200000)^2+(2x1000x1256.4x200000x29961.951x705)
1000x29961.951
dc = 100.679827 mm

If Spacing ≤ 5(c+Φ/2) Sr.max = 3.4 c + 0.425 k1 k2 Φ (Ref. Eq.12.8 of IRC 112-2011)

ρ ρ,eff

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
else, Sr.max = 1.3 (h-x) (Ref. Eq.12.12 of IRC 112-2011)

Φ = n1 Φ12 + n2Φ2 = 7x16^2 +0x0^2

n1 Φ1 + n2 Φ2 7x16+0x0
Φ = 16

5(C + Φ/2) = 415 > Bar Spacing = 160 mm

Hence Eq. 12.8 is valid.
k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars
K2 = 0.5 for bending
hc,eff = Lesser of a. 2.5 x (h-d) = 2.5 x(800-705) = 237.5 mm
b. (h-x)/3 = (800-100.68)/3 = 233.1067 mm
c. h/2 = (800/2 ) = 400 mm

hc,eff = 233.107
Ac ,eff = 1000x233.107
2
= 233107 mm
рр,eff = AS / Ac.eff = 1256.4/233107
(Ref. Eq, 12.7 of IRC 112-2011)
рр,eff = 0.0054

Sr.max = 3.4 c + 0.425 k1 k2 Φ (Ref. Eq, 12.8 of IRC 112-2011)

ρ ρ,eff
Sr.max = 3.4 x75+0.425 x0.8x0.5x16 = 758.704 mm
0.0054

Calculation of ԑsm & ԑcm

cracked Moment of Inertia
Which gives Moment of Inertia
Ix = 1/3 x1000 x100.68^3 + 7130.237( 100.68 - 83)^2 +8386.637 x604.32 ^2
= 3405230582.105 mm4
Stress in steel is given by fs = m x M (d-x)/Ix

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 = 6.675 x (130185000 x (705 - 100.68) ) /3405230582.105
= 154.22 Mpa < 0.8fyk = 400
Strain in tension steel =fs/Es = 154.22 /200000
= 0.00077
Zs = 3405230582.105/(705-100.68) = 5634812
Zs = 3405230582.105/(100.68) = 33822372
The Concrete Stres at top of section :
σc = MED Ecff / Zc ES
= (130185000x29961.951)/(5634812.032x200000)
= 3.461 < 0.36fck = 9 Mpa
(Ref: Cl. 12.2.1 of IRC: 112-2011)
0.6 x σs / Es = 0.000463

(εsm - εcm) = σSC - kt( fct,eff / рp,eff)(1+ ɑ e рp,eff ) ≥ 0.6 x σs / Es

ES
(Ref: Eq. 12.6 of IRC: 112-2011)
fct,eff = 2.9
fctm = 0.259(fck)2/3 = 2.214419
Modular ratio = ɑe = 6.675
Kt = 0.5
(εsm - εcm) = 154.22-0.5x(2.9/0.0054)(1+6.675x0.0054)
200000
(εsm - εcm) = -0.00062 =< 0.000463

Crack Width WK = Srmax(εsm - εcm)

= 758.704 x -0.00062
= -0.4703965 < 0.3 ,OK

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 DESIGN OF ABUTMENTCAP
Philosophy :

The cap is provided with nominal reinforcement of 1% steel distributed equally at top and bottom and provided in
two directions both at top and bottom. The reinforcement along the shorter side is in the form of hoops, extending
for full width of the cap. The reinforcement along the length of the cap should extend from end to end of the cap.
Provision for local strengthening of the cap with layers of mesh reinforcement at pedestals locations is done

2
Sectional Area of Cap = 0.8 X 0.3 = 0.24 m
2
0.8 X 0 = 0m
2
Total 0.24 m

2
Provide 1% steel = 0.24 X 0.01 = 0.0024 m
Considering 12 m Length of Cap area
3
Volume = 0.029 m

Reinforcements :

0.8

0.3
0.3

0.8
1) Transverse Direction
Length of cap in transverse direction = 12 m
Length of cap in longitudinal direction = 0.8 m
Clear cover = 0.075 m
Diameter of bar at top & bottom = 20 mm
Spacing of bars at top & bottom = 200 mm
Number of bars at top or bottom = 4
No of Side reinforcement 1 no on each side = 2
3
Area of reinforcement at top = 0.0149 m
3
Similarly Area of reinforcement at bottom = 0.0149 m
3
Side face reinforcement = 0.0074 m

2) Longitudinal Direction
Length of hoop = 1.86 m
Diameter of bar of hoop = 20 mm
Spacing of hoop across the cap = 200 mm
No of hoop bars required = 60
3
Area of reinforcement = 0.035 m

3) Stirrups
Diameter of stirrup bars = 10 mm
Spacing of stirrups along road = 200 mm
Spacing of stirrups across road = 200 mm

No of legs along road = 3

No of legs across road = 59

3
Total Ast = 0.0149 + 0.0149 + 0.0074 + 0.035 + 0 = 0.0722 m
3
Steel Required = 0.029 m
OK

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 RCC Design of Footing of Abutment of Bridge
1.0 Design Data
2
Bearing Capacity = 76 t/m refer to Soil Report
Eccentricity of Abutment With Respect to CG of Foundation:
Longitudinal Direction = 0.25 m
Transverse Direction = 0m

Length of Footing(Transverse Direction) = 12 m

Width of Footing(Longitudinal Direction) = 10.6 m
Depth of Footing = 1 m
Weight of Footing = 318 T
2
Area of Footing = 127.2 m
Section Modulus :
3
Longitudinal Direction = 224.72 m
3
Transverse Direction = 254.4 m

Summary of Loads at Bottom of Footing

For Base Pressure Calculation
Normal comb.
V(T) 1097.71
ML(T-m) 149.20
MT(T-m) 92.08
FL(T) 71.69
FT(T) 1.76

2.0 Bearing Pressure

A C

12

B D

10.6

Bearing Pressure (in Normal comb.

A 9.656
B 8.932
C 8.328
D 7.604
SBC Check safe

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 For Design of Foundation
Combination(1) Combination(2) Accidental Comb.
V(T) 1568.65 1263.20 1067.81
ML(T-m) 223.80 193.96 124.90
MT(T-m) 138.12 119.71 63.03
FL(T) 107.53 107.53 82.89
FT(T) 2.64 2.64 0.00

Bearing Pressure (in Combination (1) Combination (2) Accidental Comb.

A 13.871 11.264 9.198
B 12.785 10.323 8.703
C 11.879 9.538 8.087
D 10.793 8.597 7.591

2.1 List of Forces causing Resisting Moments at toe of footing.

Sl Force Magnitude (T) Lever Arm(m) Moment about toe (T-

1 Superstructure DL 30.600 2.400 73.440
2 SIDL 4.320 2.400 10.368
3 DL of dirt wall 6.555 2.440 15.994
4 DL of abutment Cap 7.200 2.400 17.280
5 DL of corbel 0.000 0.000 0.000
6 DL of pedestals 0.000 2.200 0.000
7 DL of abutment shaft 51.000 2.400 122.400
8 DL of square return wall 9.375 4.050 37.969
9 DL of Fly Wing 0.000 0.000 0.000
10 DL of footing 159.000 2.650 421.350
11 DL of backfill soil 165.000 4.050 668.250
12 DL + LL Surcharge 72.000 4.050 291.600
13 DL of Front fill 0.000 1.000 0.000
14 LL Surcharge on footing from track 0.000 0.000 0.000

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 3.2 Sliding Force Calculation:
Basic Combination Accidental Comb. Seismic Comb. Case
Factor in Sliding Factor in Sliding Factor in Sliding
Forces FL FT
Sliding force Sliding force Sliding force
1 Tractive force 12.15821 0 1.5 18.23732 1.0 12.15821 1.1 13.37403
2 Centrifugal force 0 0 1.5 0 1.0 0 1.1 0
3 AEP due to backfill 46.848 0 1.5 70.272 1.0 46.848 1 46.848
4 AEP due to Surcharge 28.128 0 1.5 42.192 1.0 28.128 1 28.128
5 WL on S.Str. 0.277645 1.7605788 1.5 2.673505 1.0 1.782337 0 0
6 EL on Cap 0 0.00 0 0 0.0 0 1.5 0
7 EL on Abutment Shaft 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 1.5 0
8 EL square return wall 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 1.5 0
9 EL on Fly wing wall 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 1.5 0
10 EL on Footing 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 1.5 0
Total = 133.375 Total = 88.917 Total = 88.35

Reaction Calculation:
Basic Combination Accidental Comb. Seismic Comb. Case
Resisting Resisting Resisting
Forces Reaction(V) C.F C.F. C.F.
force force force
1 Dead Load 527.46 0.6 316.476 0.6 316.476 0.6 316.476
2 SIDL Including Surfacing 8.640 0.6 5.184 0.6 5.184 0.6 5.184
3 - 9.984 0.6 5.9904 0.6 5.9904 0.6 5.9904
4 Live Load 119.629 0.6 71.77712 0.6 71.77712 0.6 71.77712
5 Braking 0.000 0.6 0 0.6 0 0.6 0
6 Earth pressurof Back & Front Fill 432.000 0.6 259.2 0.6 259.2 0.6 259.2
Passive pressure 0.000 1 0 1.0 0 1 0
7 Centrifugal Force 0.000 0.6 0 0.6 0 0.6 0
8 Wind 0.000 0.6 0 0.6 0 0.6 0
9 Water Current 0.0000 0.6 0 0.6 0 0.6 0
10 Seismic 0.000 0.6 0 0.6 0 0.6 0
11 Temperature 0.000 0.6 0 0.6 0 0.6 0
Total = 658.628 Total = 658.628 Total = 658.628

Safety Factor Calculation:

Bacic Combination Accidental Comb.

Sliding Force 133.375 88.917
Resisting Force 658.628 658.628
Factor of Safety 4.938 7.407
Comments OK OK

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 RCC Design of Footing of Abutment of Bridge

Taking unit width for design of Footing :

10.8 t 10.8 t
11.62 t-m

9.8322 t

10.6 m

5.3 Critical Design Values Combination (1)

B.M. for Bottom Reinforcement (t-m/m) 0
B.M for Top Reinforcement (t-m/m) 46.4
Shear Force at d distance from support (t/m) 11.450

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 6.0 Design of Footing
Diameter of main Bars at Bottom 16 mm
Diameter of main Bars at Top 16 mm
No. of Layers of Main Reinforcement at Bottom 1
Diameter of Spacer Bars 25 mm
Diameter of Secondary Bars 12 mm
Diameter of Shear Reinforcement 10 mm
Clear Cover 75 mm
Grade of Concrete M 25
Grade of Steel 500.00 N/mm2
Effective Depth (Bottom) 917 mm
Effective Depth (Top) 917 mm
Width 1000 mm
Moment Resisting Capacity of Concrete section 315.33338 t-m/m

7 DESIGN OF FOOTING AT TOP

Footing is checked for Ultimate Limit State
Charecterestic Compressive Strength of Concrete
fck = 25 Mpa
Charecterestic Tensile Strength of Reinforcement
fy = 500.00 Mpa
Maximum Ultimate Longitudinal Moment per meterMwidth
L = 46.400 T - m/m

Overall Depth D = 1000 mm

Clear Cover = 75 mm
Diameter of Main Rods = 16 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods = 12 mm
Effective Cover = 75 + 16 / 2 = 83 mm
Effective Depth, d = 1000 - 83 = 917 mm
2
Area of Tension Steel Provided on Top Face (per m width), Ast = 1257 mm / m

Depth check for longitudinal direction:

Mu = 46.400 t-m/m
dreq. = (Mu/R.b)0.5
R = 0.165 x fck
4.125
dreq. = 335.39 mm < 917 mm OK

Limiting moment of resistsnce :

Mulim = 0.165 x fck x b x d2
= 346.8667 t-m/m > 46.400 t-m/m OK

Reinforcement in Longitudinal direction :

0.5 x fck x b x d [1-(1-4.6Mu/(fck b d2)0.5]

Ast req =
fy
2
= 1194.937 mm
2
Minimum required steel = 1194.937+0( due to shear) = 1194.9373 mm
Minimum Longitudinal Reinforcement area for each face = 0.13 % of b d
(Cl. 16.5.1.1 IRC : 112-2011) = ( 0.13 / 100 ) x 917 x 1000
2
= 1192.1 mm /m
fctm = 2.2
fyk = 500.00
2
0.26 fctm/fyk .bd = 1049.048 mm /m
2
Asmin = 1192.1 mm /m

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Provide T- 16 @ 160 mm c/c
2
Area of Steel provided = ( π / 4 )16^2 x 1000 / 160 = 1257.000 mm
Provide T- 0 @ 160 mm c/c
2
Area of Steel provided = ( π / 4 )0^2 x 1000 / 160 = 0.000 mm

Total area of Longituidinal Steel provided, Ast = 1257 + 0

2
= 1257 mm / m
2 2
Therefore, Ast = 1257 mm / m > 1194.937299 mm / m OK

Reinforcement in Transverse Direction

Minimum reinforcement (Cl. 16.6.1(3) of IRC:112-2011)
2
1) 20% of main reinforcement considering one way =Slab 0.2x1257 = 251.4 mm / m

Provide T- 12 @ 200 mm c/c as Transverse R/F

Therefore, Ast_trans
2
= ( π / 4 )12^2 x 1000 / 200 = 565 mm / m
Therefore, Ast_trans
2 2
= 565 mm / m < 251 mm / m
OK

8 DESIGN OF FOOTING AT BOTTOM

Footing is checked for Ultimate Limit State
Charecterestic Compressive Strength of Concrete
fck = 25 Mpa
Charecterestic Tensile Strength of Reinforcement
fy = 500.00 Mpa

Maximum Ultimate Longitudinal Moment per meter width

ML = 0.000 T - m/m
Overall Depth D = 1000 mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Diameter of Main Rods = 16 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods = 12 mm
Effective Cover = 75 + 16 / 2 = 83 mm
Effective Depth, d = 1000 - 83 = 917 mm
Area of Tension Steel Provided on Bottom Face (per m width), Ast
2
= 1257 mm / m

Depth check for longitudinal direction:

Mu = 0.000 t-m/m
dreq. = (Mu/R.b)0.5
R = 0.165 x fck
4.125
dreq. = 0.00 mm < 917 mm OK

Limiting moment of resistsnce :

Mulim = 0.165 x fck x b x d2
= 346.8667 t-m/m > 0.000 t-m/m OK

Reinforcement in Longitudinal direction :

0.5 x fck x b x d [1-(1-4.6Mu/(fck b d2)0.5]

Ast req =
fy
2
= 0 mm

2
Minimum required steel = 0+0( due to shear) = 0 mm
2
Minimum Reinforcement = 1192.1 mm

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Provide T- 16 @ 160 mm c/c
2
Area of Steel = ( π / 4 )16^2 x 1000 / 160 = 1257.000 mm
Provide T- 0 @ 100 mm c/c
2
Area of Steel = ( π / 4 )0^2 x 1000 / 100 = 0.000 mm

Total area of Longituidinal Steel provided, Ast = 1257 + 0

2
= 1257 mm / m
2 2
So, Ast = 1257 mm / m > 1192.1 mm / m OK

Secondary Reinforcement

Provide T- 12 @ 200 mm c/c as Transverse R/F

Therefore, Ast_trans
2
= ( π / 4 )12^2 x 1000 / 200 = 565 mm / m
Therefore, Ast_trans
2
= 565 mm / m ,OK
16.0 CHECK FOR SHEAR

Design of shear Reinforcement:

(Ref: Cl. 10.3.3 of IRC:112-2011)
Check for shear:
Shear force = 114.500 KN/m
Overall depth of Section = 1.000 m
Effective depth of the section = 0.917 m
width of the Section = 1.000 m
2
ƥ1 = Asl/(bw.d) < 0.02 ,Asl = 1257.000 mm /m width
bw = 1000 mm
d = 917 mm
ƥ1 = 0.001
K = 1+(200/d)0.5 < 2.00 (eq. 10.2 cl.10.3.2 of IRC:112)
= 1.467
fck = 25 Mpa
fcd = 11.167 Mpa ,fcd= αcc fck/γm ,αcc = 0.67
NED = 0N
ϭcp = 0 ϭcp= Ned/Ac <0.2fcd
0.2fcd = 2.2334
Vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
Vmin = 0.275 N
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear v = 0.6(1-fck/310)
v = 0.552
(Ref: Eq10.6 cl.10.3.2 IRC:112-2011)
Check for concrete compression strut:
VED < 0.5 bw d v fcd
0.5 bw d v fcd = 0.5 x1000x917x0.552x11.167
= 2826278
= 282.6278 t > 11.45 t
Design shear resistance (Ref:cl.10.3.2 Eq.10.1,IRC :112-2011)
VRdc =[0.12K(80ƥ1fck)0.33+0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdcmin =[Vmin+0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdc = [0.12x1.467x(80x0.001x25)^0.33+0.15x0]x1000x917
= 202918.01 N
Vrdcmin = (0.275+0.15x0)x1000x917
= 252175
VRdc = 25.2175 t > 11.45 t
Hence shear reinforcement not Required ok

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
DESIGN OF DIRT WALL OF BOTH SIDE ABUTMENTS :
Consider Bogie Single Axle load on dirt wall as shown above.
Min. clear distance between wheel and kerb = 1.20 m
Width of wheel = 0.860 m
Axle Load in kN = 100.00 100.00

Braking Mb Hand rail FL 528.149

Force (kN) 40 Approach slab & Wearing coat 527.774

0.200

527.574
0.38 0.630 1.930 0.630
width of dispersion

SIDE VIEW ELEVATION OF DIRT WALL

Width of dispersion, Bw = = 3.19 m
Total Vertical load = = 200.00 kN
Total vertical load with impact = 200X(1+0) = 250.00
Braking force, Fb = 50 kN
Braking force acting above the road surface. = 1.2 m
Lateral load / m = Fb / Bw = 50/3.19 15.674 kN / m
Moment at base of dirt wall due to braking force =15.674 x ( 1.2 + 0.2 ) = 21.944 kNm / m
LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE :
Live load surcharge = 1.2 m height of backfill = 1.2Kag = 5.856 kN / m²
Lateral force, FLL = 1.2Ka g h = 5.856 x 0.2 = 1.171 kN/m
Lever arm = 0.50 h = 0.5 x 0.2 = 0.1 m
Moment at base of dirt wall = 1.171 x 0.1 = 0.117 kNm / m
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE :
2
Active earth pressure = 0.5Kagh = = 0.098 kN / m
Lever arm = 0.42 h = 0.42 x 0.2 = 0.084 m
Moment at base of dirt wall due act. Earth pr. = 0.098 x 0.084 = 0.008 kNm / m

DESIGN :
Moment due to Factor Moment
Braking force 1.5 x 21.944 = 32.915 kNm / m
Live load surcharge 1.5 x 0.117 = 0.176 kNm / m
Active earth pressure 1.5 x 0.008 = 0.012 kNm / m
Total moment 33.103 kNm / m

Shear due to Load Factor Force

Braking force 1.5 x 15.674 = 23.511 kN / m
Live load surcharge 1.5 x 1.171 = 1.757 kN / m
Active earth pressure 1.5 x 0.098 = 0.146 kN / m
Total Force 25.414 kN / m
Reinforcement Calculation
Charecterestic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 25 Mpa
Charecterestic Tensile Strength of Reinforcement fy = 500.00 Mpa
Overall Depth at base D = 380 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of Main Rods (Vertical) = 12 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods (Horizontal) = 12 mm
Effective Cover = 50 + 12 / 2 = 56 mm
Effective Depth, d = 380 - 56 = 324 mm
Area of Tension Steel Provided on Each Face (per m width), Ast = 754 mm2 / m

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
Depth check for longitudinal direction:
Mu = 3.310 t-m/m
0.5
dreq. = (Mu/R.b)
R = 0.165 x fck
4.125
dreq. = 89.58 mm < 324 mm OK

Limiting moment of resistsnce :

Mulim = 0.165 x fck x b x d2
= 43.3026 t-m/m > 3.310 t-m/m OK

Reinforcement in transverse direction :

0.5 x fck x b x d [1-(1-4.6Mu/(fck b d2)0.5]

Ast req =
fy
2
= 238.5042 mm /m

Minimum Reinforcement area (Cl. 16.3.1 IRC : 112-2011) = 0.0012 x Ac

(Cl. 16.3.1 IRC : 112-2011) = 456 mm2/m
Minimum dia of Bar to be used = 12 mm
Maximum Spacing of bar = 200 mm C/C
Provide T- 12 @ 150 mm c/c IN LAYER I on Earth Face
Area of Steel provided = ( π / 4 )12^2 x 1000 / 150 = 754.00
Provide T- 0 @ 150 mm c/c IN LAYER II on Earth Face

Area of Steel provided = ( π / 4 )0^2 x 1000 / 150 = 0.000

Total area of Longituidinal Steel provided, Ast = 754 + 0
2
= 754 mm / m
2 2
Therefore, Ast = 754 mm / m > 456 mm / m OK

Horizontal Reinforcement
Minimum Horizontal reinforcement (Cl. 16.3.2 of IRC:112-2011)
1)
2
maximum of 25% of vertical reinforcement = 0.25x754 = 188.5 mm
& 0.001 Area of concrete (Ac) =
2
0.001x380x1000 = 380 mm
2) Spacing between two adjacent bar should not be more than = 300 mm
3) Dia. Of bar shall not be less of maximum
1 / 4 X12 = 3 mm
& 8 mm , Therefore

Provide T- 12 @ 200 mm c/c as Transverse R/F

2
Therefore, Ast_trans = ( π / 4 )12^2 x 1000 / 200 = 565 mm / m
2 2
Therefore, Ast_trans = 565 mm / m > 389 mm / m
OK
Reinforcement on outer face
Provide T- 12 @ 150 mm c/c Vertically
2
Therefore, Ast_vertical = ( π / 4 )12^2 x 1000 / 150 = 754 mm / m
2 2
Therefore, Ast_trans = 754 mm / m > 389 mm / m
OK

Provide T- 12 @ 200 mm c/c as Transverse R/F

2
Therefore, Ast_trans = ( π / 4 )12^2 x 1000 / 200 = 565 mm / m
2
Net Reinforcement on outer face 1319 mm / m
2 2
Therefore, Ast_trans = 565 mm / m > 389 mm / m
OK

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
Design of shear Reinforcement:
(Ref: Cl. 10.3.3 of IRC:112-2011)
Check for shear:
Shear force = 25.414 KN/m
Overall depth of Section = 0.380 m
Effective depth of the section = 0.324 m
width of the Section = 1.000 m
2
ƥ1 = Asl/(bw.d) < 0.02 ,Asl = 754 mm /m width
bw = 1000 mm
d = 324 mm
ƥ1 = 0.002
K = 1+(200/d)0.5 < 2.00 (eq. 10.2 cl.10.3.2 of IRC:112)
= 1.786
fck = 25 Mpa
fcd = 11.167 Mpa ,fcd= αcc fck/γm ,αcc = 0.67
NED = 0N
ϭcp = 0 ϭcp= Ned/Ac <0.2fcd
0.2fcd = 2.2334
Vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
Vmin = 0.37 N
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear v = 0.6(1-fck/310)
v = 0.552
(Ref: Eq10.6 cl.10.3.2 IRC:112-2011)
Check for concrete compression strut:
VED < 0.5 bw d v fcd
0.5 bw d v fcd = 0.5 x1000x324x0.552x11.167
= 998597.8
= 99.85978 t > 2.541417 t
Design shear resistance (Ref:cl.10.3.2 Eq.10.1,IRC :112-2011)
0.33
VRdc =[0.12K(80ƥ1fck) +0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdcmin =[Vmin+0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdc = [0.12x1.786x(80x0.002x25)^0.33+0.15x0]x1000x324
= 109720.43 N
Vrdcmin = (0.37+0.15x0)x1000x324
= 119880
VRdc = 11.988 t > 2.541417 t
Hence shear reinforcement not Required ,ok

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 DESIGN OF SQUARE RETURN WALL
1 Design Parameters
Formation Level = 528.149 m
Width of Abutment = 12 m
Width of Return Wall = 2.5 m
Height of Return Wall = 3m
Thickness of Return Wall = 0.5 m
Dead load surcharge = 2.4 m
Surcharge Width = 12 m
Density of Soil = 2.00 t/m
Angle of Repose f = 35 ˚
Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure = 0.244
height of Surcharge = 1.2 m
2.0 Sketches

12.00

3.0 Earth pressure

Ka ɣ H
2
P1 0.244 2.00 1.2 = 0.5856 t/m
2
P2 0.244 2.00 3 = 1.464 t/m

4.0 Earth Pressure Diagram

2.5

1.464 0.586
Backfill Pressure Equivalent Surcharge Pr.
5.0 Design Moments and Reactions
The Return is designed as Rectangular Plate fixed along Two adjacent Edges and free along
two other edges.Moments and Recation Coefficients have been taken from Engg. Monograph
No. 27 by W. T. Moody.

a = 2.5

a/b = 0.833
b=3

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Coefficients for back Fill Coefficients for Surcharge
Table No. 30 Page 36 Table No. 27 Page 33
Coeff. For Mx (Inner) 0.0662 Coeff. For Mx (Inner) 0.2949
Coeff. For My (Inner) 0.1157 Coeff. For My (inner) 0.2949
Coeff. For Mx (Outer) 0.0015 Coeff. For Mx (Outer) 0.0023
Coeff. For My (Outer) 0.0015 Coeff. For My (Outer) 0.0023
Coeff. For Rx 0.2481 Coeff. For Rx 1.1828
Coeff. For Ry 0.5586 Coeff. For Ry 1.1828
p b2 (t/m2/m) 13.176 p b2 5.270
pb 4.392 pb 1.757

Inner Face of the Wall

Moment at Base due to backfill = 0.1157 * 13.176 = 1.524 T-m/m
Moment at Face due to backfill = 0.0662 * 13.176 = 0.872 T-m/m
Moment at Base due to Surcharge =0.2949 * 5.27 = 1.554 T-m/m
Moment at Face due to Surcharge =0.2949 * 5.27 = 1.554 T-m/m

Total Design Moment at Base of wall = 1.5 * ( 1.524 + 1.554 ) = 4.618 T-m/m
Total Design Moment at Face of wall = 1.5 * ( 0.872 + 1.554 ) = 3.640 T-m/m

Outer Face of the Wall

Moment at Base due to backfill = 0.0015 * 13.176 = 0.020 T-m/m
Moment at Face due to backfill = 0.0015 * 13.176 = 0.020 T-m/m
Moment at Base due to Surcharge = 0.0023 * 5.27 = 0.012 T-m/m
Moment at Face due to Surcharge = 0.0023 * 5.27 = 0.012 T-m/m

Total Design Moment at Base of wall = 1.5 * ( 0.02 + 0.012 ) = 0.048 T-m/m
Total Design Moment at Face of wall = 1.5 * ( 0.02 + 0.012 ) = 0.048 T-m/m

Reaction at Base due to backfill 0.5586 * 4.392 = 2.453 T/m

Reaction at Face due to backfill 0.2481 * 4.392 = 1.090 T/m
Reaction at Base due to Surcharge 0.8723 * 1.554 = 2.078 T/m
Reaction at Face due to Surcharge 1.5245 * 1.554 = 2.078 T/m

Total Design Reaction at Base of Wall 1.5 * ( 2.453 + 2.078 ) = 6.797 T/m
Total Design Reaction at Face of Wall 1.5 * ( 1.09 + 2.078 ) = 4.751 T/m

6.0 Design Check

Parameters
Overall thickness of Wall = 500 mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm
2
Charecterestic Compressive Strength of Concrete fy = 25.00 N / mm
Charecterestic Tensile Strength of Reinforcement fck = 500.00 N / mm2
Diameter of Bars for Vertical Reinforcement (Inner Face) = 12 mm @ 200 mm C/C
Diameter of bars for Horizontal Reinforcement (Inner Face) = 12 mm @ 200 mm C/C
Diameter of Bars for Vertical Reinforcement (Outer Face) = 10 mm @ 200 mm C/C
Diameter of bars for Horizontal Reinforcement (Outer Face) = 10 mm @ 200 mm C/C

Effective Depth for Vertical Reinforcement (inner Face) = 419 mm

Effective Depth for Horizontal Reinforcement (inner face) = 407 mm
Effective Depth for Vertical Reinforcement (outer Face) = 415 mm
Effective Depth for Horizontal Reinforcement (outer face) = 410 mm

Ultimate Moment at base of wall (inner face) = 4.618 T-m/m

Ultimate Moment at face of wall (inner face) = 3.640 T-m/m
Ultimate Moment at base of wall (outer face) = 0.048 T-m/m
Ultimate Moment at face of wall (outer face) = 0.048 T-m/m

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 Design for Flexure
Base (Inner) Face (Inner) Base (Outer) Face (outer)
Ultimate Moment (T - m / m) 4.618 3.640 0.048 0.048
Moment of Resistance due to concrete (0.15 fck b d2) 65.835 62.118 64.584 63.038
Reinforcement Reqd. (mm2/m) 254.736 206.524 2.651 2.683
2
Minimum Reinforcement (0.20%) (mm /m) 838 814 830 820
Provide Reinforcement (mm2/m) 1131 1131 785 785
Ratio of depth of NA to Effective Depth (z/d) 0.941 0.939 0.958 0.958
Limit Ratio z/d to 0.941 0.939 0.95 0.95
Moment of Resistance of Section (T - m/ m) 19.398 19.357 13.592 13.592
Status OK OK OK OK
Spacing of Reinforcement (mm) 200 200 200 200
Steel % 0.27 0.278 0.189 0.191

Ultimate Shear Force V(t/m) at Base = 6.797

Ultimate Shear Force V(t/m) at Face = 4.751
Design of shear Reinforcement:
(Ref: Cl. 10.3.3 of IRC:112-2011)
Check for shear:
Shear force = 67.97 KN/m
Overall depth of Section = 500
Effective depth of the section = 415
width of the Section = 1000
2
ƥ1 = Asl/(bw.d) < 0.02 ,Asl = 1131 mm /m width
bw = 1000 mm
d = 415 mm
ƥ1 = 0.003
K = 1+(200/d)0.5 < 2.00 (eq. 10.2 cl.10.3.2 of IRC:112)
= 1.694
fck = 25 Mpa
fcd = 11.167 Mpa ,fcd= αcc fck/γm ,αcc = 0.67
NED = 0N
ϭcp = 0 ϭcp= Ned/Ac <0.2fcd
0.2fcd = 2.2334
Vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
Vmin = 0.342 N
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear v = 0.6(1-fck/310)
v = 0.552
(Ref: Eq10.6 cl.10.3.2 IRC:112-2011)
Check for concrete compression strut:
VED < 0.5 bw d v fcd
0.5 bw d v fcd = 0.5 x1000x415x0.552x11.167
= 1279068.2
= 127.90682 t > 6.797 t
Design shear resistance (Ref:cl.10.3.2 Eq.10.1,IRC :112-2011)
VRdc =[0.12K(80ƥ1fck)0.33+0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdcmin =[Vmin+0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdc = [0.12x1.694x(80x0.003x25)^0.33+0.15x0]x1000x415
= 152381.6 N
Vrdcmin = (0.342+0.15x0)x1000x415
= 141930
VRdc = 15.23816 t > 6.797 t
Hence shear reinforcement not Required, ok

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
 10mm dia @200mm c/c

12mm dia @200mm c/c

10mm dia @200mm c/c 12mm dia @200mm c/c

S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR