INCOME TAXATION

CHAPTER 13
PRINCIPLES OF DEDUCTIONS

Multiple Choice – Theory: Part 1

1. Losses on capital assets are
a. Deductible against gross income to the extent not compensated by insurance.
b. Deductible against capital gain to the extent compensated by insurance.
c. Not deductible against gross income whether or not compensated for by
insurance.
d. Not deductible against capital gains unless not compensated by insurance.

2. Which is a deductible expense?

a. Marketing and advertising expense
b. Insurance on factory building
c. Salaries of security guards in the factory
d. Cost of registering stocks

3. The transactions involving an insured property is said to be closed and

completed when
a. Final settlement by the insurer is made
b. The report of the insurance adjuster indicates a loss
c. Final settlement confirms an unrecoverable cost
d. No proceedings in court is expected to be made by the insured

4. Which is a deductible business expense?

a. Acquisition cost of a business franchise
b. Repayment of debt
c. Cost of registering a business
d. Cost of issuing securities

5. Which is a deductible business expense?

a. Interest on personal borrowings
b. Rental of taxpayer’s domicile
c. Selling commission to agents
d. Wages of kasambahays

6. A repair expense is deductible in the period paid or incurred unless it

a. Merely maintain the value of the property
b. Increases the value of the property
c. Constitutes a major repair
d. Constitutes a minor expense

7. Losses on property are not deductible unless

a. Sustained with a related party
b. Sustained in an actual or completed transactions
c. Temporary in nature
 d. Covered by insurance or indemnity contracts

8. Losses on insured properties are not deductible

a. To the extent not compensated by insurance
b. To the extent compensated by insurance
c. As a rule, except when allowed by the BIR examiner
d. In all circumstances

9. Which statement is the most accurate?

a. Prepaid expense is deductible in the period paid by taxpayers using cash
basis
b. Prepaid expenses is deductible in the future period it relate without regard to
the basis of accounting employed by the taxpayer
c. Accrued expenses are deductible by cash basis taxpayers
d. Depreciation expense can be claimed only by accrual basis taxpayers

10. Cash basis and accrual basis taxpayers differs in the treatment of
a. Prepaid expenses
b. Current period cash expense
c. Current period accrued expense
d. Depreciation expense

11. Which may not be related?

a. The controlling individual and the controlled corporation
b. The controlling individual and a subsidiary of a controlled corporation
c. The grantor and fiduciary of a trust
d. The grantor and the beneficiary of a trust

12. Which of the following is an extraordinary non-deductible expense against

regular gross income of a merchandiser?
a. Loss on sale of obsolete merchandise
b. Store supplied and utilities
c. Local business permit
d. Loss on sale of investment in stocks

13. Which is a deductible expense against business gross income?

a. Commission expense on sale of investment in stocks
b. Salaries of marketing personnel of a manufacturing business
c. Quarterly estimated income tax
d. Final tax on interest income on bank savings deposit

14. Which is not a general principle of deduction

a. The matching principles
b. The related party rule
c. The withholding rule
d. The transfer pricing rule
15. Which is an actual deductible expense?
a. Provision for an estimated bad debts expense
b. Loss arising from liability on a contested lawsuit confirms by a final
judgement
c. Increase in value of foreign currency-denominated debt
d. Death of animal offspring

16. Which is deductible against gross income?

a. Imputed interest expense
b. Advances to the profit sharing of a partner in a general professional
partnership
c. Repayment of business debts
d. Local taxes

17. Which of the following is deductible?

a. Rent of office space
b. Tuition fees of the siblings of the taxpayer
c. Selling expense of domestic stocks directly to a buyer
d. Estimated losses on lawsuit

18. Which is not deductible against gross income?

a. Loss on sale of stocks through the PSE
b. Write off of bad debts
c. Loss on destruction of office building by an earthquake
d. Amortization of patent or franchise used in business

19. Which is an incorrect statement?

a. The straight line method provides for an equal periodic deduction against
gross income
b. The sum of the years digit method provides for an increasing deduction
against gross income
c. The double declining balance method provides for a declining deduction at a
rate twice the deduction of the straight line method
d. Both straight line method and sum of the years digit method consider the
residual value of the property

20. Which of the following ordinary assets cannot be depreciated?

a. Office equipment c. Building and its improvements
b. Machineries d. Land

21. Statement 1: only taxpayers under the accrual basis shall use the inventory
method in deducting inventories.
Statement 2: Only taxpayers under the accrual basis can claim deduction for
deprecation and losses.
a. Statement 1 is correct c. Both statements are correct
b. Statement 2 is correct d. Neither statement is correct
 22. Statement 1: The cost of goods sold is directly deducted upon sales in the
measurement of the gross income from the sales of goods
Statement 2: The cost of service is directly deducted from gross receipts in the
measurement of the gross income from the sales of services.
a. Statement 1 is correct c. Both statements are correct
b. Statement 2 is correct d. Neither statement is correct

23. Which is not a capital expenditure?

a. Payments to create a good image of the business of the taxpayers
b. Prepaid expenses
c. Accrued expenses
d. Advances to contractors

24. Statement 1: Repairs that do not extend the useful life or increase the fair value
of an asset should be capitalized
Statement 2: the costs of issuing securities of the taxpayer are deductions
against gross income
a. Statement 1 is correct c. Both statements are correct
b. Statement 2 is correct d. Neither statement is correct

25. Statement 1: improvements to properties are usually capitalized

Statement 2: Directly attributable cost of acquisition of properties are added to
the basis of the properties acquired
c. Statement 1 is correct c. Both statements are correct
d. Statement 2 is correct d. Neither statement is correct

Multiple Choice –Theory Part 2

1. Which of the following cannot claim deductions from gross income despite actual
engagement in business?
a. Resident Citizen
b. Resident Alien
c. Non-resident Citizen
d. Non- resident alien not engaged in trade or business

2. Which of the following taxpayers cannot claim deductions from gross income?
a. General professional partnership
b. Domestic corporation
c. Resident foreign corporation
d. Non-resident foreign corporation

3. Which of the following can be claimed as deduction?

a. Transportation allowance of employees of the taxpayer
b. Transportation allowance of the taxpayer’s dependents
c. Losses from destruction of the tax payer’s residence
d. Depreciation of the residence of the tax payer

4. Which expense is deductible despite the fact that is not an actual expense?
a. Compliance expense on regulatory requirements
 b. Deduction incentives for compliance to regulatory requirements
c. Uncollectible debts ascertained to be worthless
d. None of these

5. Which is not a characteristic of deductions from gross income?

a. Legitimate business expense
b. Capital expenditure
c. Ordinary and necessary business expense
d. Actual and necessary business expense

6. Which is deductible expense?

a. Regular repair of office equipment
b. Refurbishing of an old building to prepare it for use
c. Addition of a wing to an existing building
d. Overhaul of machineries to extend their useful life

7. Which of the following taxpayers can claim deduction against gross income?
a. A resident citizen tax payer earning purely compensation income
b. Non-resident foreign corporation
c. Non-resident alien not engaged in trade or business
d. Resident citizen earning a mix of passive and business income

8. Which is not a separate classification of deduction from gross income?

a. Net operating loss carry over
b. Regular allowable itemized deductions
c. Special allowable itemized deductions
d. Net capital loss carry over

9. Which statement is incorrect regarding deductions?

a. The claim of deduction, similar to exemption, is construed against the
taxpayer
b. The use of optional standard deduction always results in reported taxable
income
c. The unreasonableness of deduction is up to the BIR to prove
d. The incurrence of an operating loss is an indication of an unreasonable
expenses

10. The following cannot claim deduction from gross income except
a. A self-employed individual taxpayer
b. A corporation earning purely passive income
c. An individual earning purely passive income
d. An individual taxpayer earning purely compensation and passive income

11. Which is not deductible against gross income?

a. Interest expense incurred to purchase tax-exempt securities
b. Net capital loss
c. Personal expense
d. All of these
12. Which is a deductible business expense?
a. Loss on decline in value of securities
b. Estimated losses on expropriation
c. Fire loss on an insured property
d. Loss on theft of company assets

13. Which of the following constitutes a deductible business expense?

a. Purchase of office equipment invoiced under the trade name of the taxpayer’s
business
b. Tuition fees of dependents of the tax payer
c. Interest expense on a business loan
d. Representation of expenses booked in the name of the taxpayer’s wife

14. Which of the following qualifies for deduction for an individual income taxpayer
engaged in business?
a. Salaries of household maid
b. Gasoline expenses of the taxpayer’s personal car
c. Office internet expense
d. Taxpayer’s transportation expense to and from his residence

15. Which of the following can be deducted by an individual taxpayer not engaged in
business?
a. Transportation expense
b. Communication expenses
c. Internet expenses
d. None of these

16. Which of the following can be claimed by a resident foreign corporation?

a. Depreciation expense on properties located abroad
b. Income tax paid in a foreign country
c. Income tax paid in the Philippines
d. Interest expense on foreign borrowings used to finance its Philippine business

17. Which can be treated as a capital expenditure deductible through depreciation

expense?
a. Interest expense incurred to purchase office equipment
b. Losses sustained in an uninsured office building
c. Acquisition of land
d. Acquisition of personal computers

18. Which of the following items can be deducted in full in the year sustained?
a. Write-off of bad debts by a taxpayer under the cash basis
b. Loss on market decline in the value of gold inventories
c. Loss on the destruction of the taxpayer’s personal car
d. Uninsured fire loss sustained by the business of the taxpayer

19. Deductions can be claimed against

a. Talent fees
b. Fixed allowances
c. Fringe benefits
 d. Salaries

20. Which is deductible in full by a taxpayer engaged in the merchandising business?

a. Value of inventories taken home by the business owner
b. loss on unrecoverable debts from a non-paying family member
c. imputed interest on the capital investment of the owner
d. Value of inventories destroyed by rodents

21. Which is not a deductible loss by a security dealer?

a. Wash sales loss
b. Loss on the sale of bonds with more than five years maturity
c. Loss on the sale of stocks through the PSE
d. Loss on the sale of short-term bonds through the Philippine Dealings
exchange

22. Determine the deductible loss.

a. Loss incurred in exchanging property to obtain control of a corporation
b. Loss incurred in exchanging properties with a corporation after obtaining
control over said corporation
c. Calamity loss on uninsured property
d. Bad debts from a sister company

23. Which of the following is non-deductible by the fact that it violates the matching
principle?
a. Expense of a tax-exempt operation
b. Payment for police protection
c. Payment of revolutionary taxes
d. Expenses not receipted in the name of the taxpayer

24. Which is incorrect with regard to expenses incurred between associated

enterprises?
a. The pricing of the transaction must not be controlled
b. The pricing method to be adopted shall be based on free market factors or
those made between two independent parties
c. In case of a controlled transaction, the deductible expense to the paying
enterprise shall be the arm’s length value of the transaction
d. No deduction shall be allowed on expenses incurred between associated
enterprises

25. Which is not a business expense?

a. Fringe benefit taxes
b. De minimis benefits granted to employees
c. Salaries of personal driver of the company president which was subject to
fringe benefit tax
d. Depreciation value of properties designated for the use of company managers
and supervisors which are subject to fringe benefits tax
Multiple Choice – Problems: Part 1

1. On September 30, 2015, a taxpayer borrowed P1,000,000 at 10% annual interest to

finance his acquisition of a luxury car. Compute the deductible interest expense in 2015.
a. P0 c.P50,000
b. P25,000 d.75,000

2. Spartan Corporation had office supplies valued at P40,000 on January 1, 2015. At the
end of the first calendar quarter, it had P80,000 worth of office supplies. Total supplies
purchased were P250,000 during the period.

Compute the supplies expense to be deducted during the first quarter.

a. P210,000 c. P280,000
b. P250,000 d. P290,000

3. A non-resident alien not engaged in business incurred business expenses of P100,000

and personal expenses of P20,000. How much is deductible from his income?
a. P0 c. P100,000
b. P20,000 d. P120,000

4. A taxpayer paid the following salaries during the year:

Salaries of administrative employees P80,000

Salaries of sales and marketing employees 70,000
Salaries of factory production workers 120,000

Compute the deductible salaries expense.

a. P270,000 c. P150,000
b. P200,000 d. P120,000

5. On July 1, 2015, a taxpayer purchased equipment for P500,000nwhich was estimated to

be useful until July 1, 2020, with an expected P100,000 residual value. Compute the
2015 depreciation expense using the straight-line method.
a. P0 c. P50,000
b. P40,000 d. P80,000

6. A taxpayer paid P45,000 property insurance having a 12-month coverage starting March
1, 2015. Compute the deductible insurance expense in 2015.
a. P0 c. P37,500
b. P7,500 d. P45,000

7. A storm resulted in the loss of the following livestock:

Value of two heifers (purchased at P15,000 each) P 40,000

Value of a bull (purchased for P18,000) 24,000
Value of twelve calves worth P6,000 each 72,000
Total value of lost livestock P 136,000

Determine the deductible loss for taxation purposes.

a. P0 c. P64,000
b. P48,000 d. P120,000
8. Mr. Jun, a professional practitioner, incurred the following expenses during the period:

Salaries of household maids P 50,000

Salaries of office staff 30,000
Office utilities 12,000
Office supplies 8,000
Depreciation of personal car 15,000
Depreciation of office equipment 20,000

What is the deductible expenses.

a. P50,000 c. P100,000
b. P70,000 d. P135,000

9. The following relate to the building of a taxpayer:

Fair market value P 6,000,000

Purchase price 5,000,000
Carrying amount 4,500,000
Remaining useful life 9 years
Depreciation method straight line

What is the deductible amount of depreciation expense?

a. P666,667 c. P500,000
b. P555,555 d. P0

10. The personal car of the taxpayer had the following data:

Fair market value P 6,000,000

Purchase price 5,000,000
Estimated useful life 10 years

What is the deductible annual depreciation expense?

a. P0 c. P500,000
b. P250,000 d. P600,000

11. The following relate to the inventory of tools held by the taxpayer:

Inventory of tools, January 1, 2014 P 120,000

Purchase of tools 300,000
Inventory of tools, December 31, 2014 140,000

What is the amount of deductible tools expense?

a. P0 c. P280,000
b. P120,000 d. P300,000

12. A taxpayer paid the following disbursements and expenses for the current year:

Tuition fees of children P 50,000

Donation to friends 20,000
Purchase of office equipment at start of the year
(equipment expected to last for 5 years) 100,000
Office rent(for 3 years including the current year) 90,000
Office supplies(1/2 used) 20,000

Compute the total deductible expense from the items above:

a. P0 c. P50,000
b. P20,000 d. P60,000
 13. Bermuda Inc. Insured two of its key employees paying the following premiums annually:

Mr. Croco, the president P 40,000

Mr. Genero, the vice president for operations 34,000

In Mr. Croco’s policy, Bermuda Inc. Is the beneficiary. In Mr. Genero’s policy, his wife is
the beneficiary of the policy.

Compute the total deductible expense.

a. P34,000 c. P50,000
b. P40,000 d. P74,000

14. Dragon City Corporation is a resident foreign corporation established in China but is
operating in the Philippines. During the year, it paid for P300,000 for salaries of
Philippine employees and P1,200,000 for Chinese employees.

Compute the deductible compensation expense.

a. P0 c. P1,200,000
b. P300,000 d. P1,500,000

15. Using the same choices in Number 14, compute the deduction assuming that Dragon
City is a domestic corporation.

16. Using the same choices in Number 14, compute the deduction assuming that Dragon
City is a non-resident foreign corporation.

Multiple Choice – Problem: Part 2

1. Boac Company had the following summaries of expenses

Expenses without supporting documentation P 200,000

Expenses with supporting documentations
Income payments subject to creditable withholding tax:
With withheld CWT 600,000
Without withheld cwt 400,000
Payments not subject to creditable withfolding tax 200,000
Determine the amount of deductions.
a. P800,000 c. P1,200,000
b. P1,000,000 d. P1,400,000
2. Calapan Corporation bought equipment costing P500,000. The equipement was
expected to have P50,000 residual value at the end of its 5-year expected life.
Calapan Corporation failed to withhold the creditable withholding tax on the
equipment.

Compute the depreciation expense in the first year.

a. P0 c. P90,000
b. P45,000 d. P180,000

3. Tri-Peak Semiconductor is an transitions to the United State. On December 15,

2014 , it made a single shipment worth 1,000,000 payable January 21, 2015.
The value of the sales in peso equivalent was as follows:

December 15, 2014 P42,000,000

 December 31,2014 48,000,000
January 21,2015 (Converted Value to pesos) 41,700,000

Compute the deductible foreign currency loss.

a. P200,000 in 2014 c. P300,000 in 2015
b. P300,000 in 2014 d. P200,000 in 2015

4. The taxpayer incurred the following in 2015:

Loss on sale of equipement to a subsidiary company P 400,000

Loss on sale of equipment to a sister company 100,000
Loss on liquidation of an affiliate company 200,000

What is the deductible amount of loss to a related party?

a. P0 c. P300,000
b. P200,000 d. P600,000

5. The accountant of Trinville Corporation provides for an allowance against

unrecoverable accounts equivalent to 3% of triniville’s to tal receivables. The
allowance for bad debts had a balance of P45,000 and P50,000 at the start and
end of the year, respectively, while P30,000 of previous accounts were actually
found to be worthless and were written-off. What is the deduction against gross
income for purpose of taxation?
a. P0 c. P30,000
b. P25,000 d. P50,000

6. The following relate to a transaction between associated enterprise which was

subjected to transfer pricing restatement by the BIR.

Amount of expense claimed P800,000

Arm’s Length value in a comparable transaction 500,000

What is the deductible amount of expense?

a. P800,000 c. P300,000
b. P500,000 d. P0

7. In the immediately preceding problem, what is the reqi=uired adjustemnet to

taxabale net income?
a. P300,000 increase c. P500,000 increase
b. P300,000 decrease d. P800,000 decrease
8. A Taxpayer had the following losses during the year:

Estimated bad debts expense P300,000

Write off of uncollectible accounts 150,000
Carrying value of property destroyed by fire
(The property is covered by insurance.) 1,200,000
Unrealized loss on foreign currency receivable 12,000
 Assuiming the taxpayer is under the accrual basis, compute the total deduction.

a. P0 c. P162,000
b. P150,000 d. P1,315,000

9. In the immediately preceding problem, compute the deduction assuming the

taxpayer is under the cash basis.
a. P0 c. P162,000
b. P150,000 d. P1,315,000

10. ABC Company incurred and paid the following expenses in 2015:

Salaries (1/8 unpaid) P 400,000

Prepaid rent (2015 to 2017) 150,000
Depreciation expense 80,000
Purchase of supplies 60,000
Supplied used 25,000

Compute the following deductions under the cash basis for the year 2015.
a. P690,000 c. P555,000
b. P655,000 d. P505,000

11. Compute the total deductions under the accrual basis for the year 2015.
a. P655,000 c. P555,000
b. P605,000 d. P505,000

12. An equipement was purchased on January 1, 2015 for P4,000,000. The

equipment has an estimated useful life of P400,000 at the end of its five-year
useful life.

Compute the depreciation expense assuming the use of the straight line method:
a. P720,000 c. P1,440,000
b. P1,200,000 d. P1,600,000

13. Under the sum-of-the years digit method, compute the 2015 depreciation
expense in the first year.
a. P720,000 c. P1,333,333
b. P1,200,000 d. P1,440,000

14. Using a 150% declining balance method, compute the 2015 depreciation
expense.
a. P720,000 c. P1,440,000
b. P1,200,000 d. P1,660,000

15. Using 200% declining balance method, compute the 2015 depreciation expense.
a. P720,000 c. P1,440,000
 b. P1,200,000 d. P1,660,000

Multiple Choice- Problems Part3

1. A certain taxpayer paid the following bill from VAT-registered supplier of office
supplies. The office supplies were all used in operation during the period:

Selling price P400, 000

Plus: Output VAT 48, 000
Less: Withholding tax (1%) 4,000
Net cash due P444, 000

What is the deductible supplies expense assuming the taxpayer is a VAT-

taxpayer?
a. P396,000
b. P400,000
c. P444,000
d. P448,000

2. What is the deductible supplies expense assuming the taxpayer is a NON- VAT
taxpayer?
a. P396,000
b. P400,000
c. P444,000
d. P448,000

3. On January 2, 2016, a non-VAT taxpayer purchased an equipment with

estimated useful life of 5 years
Selling price P 150, 000
Plus: Output VAT 18, 000
Less: Withholding tax (1%) 1,500
Net amount due P 166,500

What is the claimable depreciation expense for the year?

a. P 0
b. P 30,000
c. P 33,300
d. P 36,600

4. The taxpayer withheld 5% creditable withholding tax on rental payments to

various VAT-registered lessors. The total taxes withheld were P5, 600. What is
the deductible amount of rental expense?
a. P 0
b. P 56,000
c. P 100,000
d. P112,000

5. Until the time of the examination of its book, the taxpayer failed to withhold 10%
withholding tax amounting to P 10,000 from the payments of professional fees to
 a consultant who is a VAT taxpayer. What is the deductible amount for
professional services paid?
a. P 0
b. P 89, 286
c. P 100,000
d. P 112,000

6. In the immediately preceding problems, what is the amount of surcharge due

from the taxpayers?
a. P 0 c. P 2,000
b. P 1,874 d. P 2,500

7. The following case is applicable for Nos. 6 through 9:

Atimonan Company received a bill for P27,440 from a non-Vat service provider.
The payment for the service is subject to 2% creditable withholding tax
What is the deductible expense if Atimonan is a non VAT taxpayers?
b. P0 c. P27,440
c. P26,891 d. P28,000

8. If Atimonan is a non VAT taxpayer, what respectively is the withholding tax and
the amount of cash to be paid b Atimonan to the service provider?
a. P0; P27,440 c. P27,440
b. P548.80 P26,891.20 d. P537.82 P26,353.18

9. If Atimonan is a VAT taxpayer, what is the deductible expense?

a. P0 c. P27,440
b. 26,891 d. P28,000

10. If Atimonan is a VAT taxpayer, what respectively is the withholding tax and the
amount of cash to be paid by Atimonan to the service provider?
a. P0; P27,440 c. P27,440
b. P548.80 P26,891.20 d. P537.82 P26,353.18

Group 6 (Chapter 13)

BERGONIA, Maureen Karen A.
CRUZ, Diana R.
CUARESMA, Ishen E.
CULATON, Sheena G.