WEG Weg VFD Training July 2017 Training English
WEG Weg VFD Training July 2017 Training English
WEG Weg VFD Training July 2017 Training English
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Terms and Definitions
Variable Frequency Drive – “An electronic device used for controlling
the rotational speed of an alternating current (AC) electric motor by
controlling the frequency and voltage of the electrical power supplied
to the motor.”
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Terms and Definitions
A Variable Frequency Drive consists of:
• Converter or Rectifier: Changes the AC Supply Power to DC Voltage
• DC Bus or DC Link: Capacitors that Filter and Store the DC Voltage
• Inverter: A Group of Transistors that Change the DC Bus Voltage to a
Variable AC Voltage and Frequency to Control the AC Motor
• Controller: Typically a Microprocessor and Circuitry that Manages
the Operation of the System
Utility
AC Power
Rectifier DC Bus Inverter
Logic I/O
Analog I/O
Communication Controller
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4 Basic Parts of a VFD
Logic I/O
Analog I/O
Communication Controller
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Rectifier and Capacitors
• At the supply to a typical VFD is a full wave diode
bridge rectifier module.
• The purpose of this module is to convert AC voltage
into DC voltage (to rectify).
DC +
D1 D3 D5
L1
480 Vac +/– 650 Vdc
3-phase 60Hz L2
(DC Bus)
Supply
L3
D2 D4 D6
DC –
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Inverter
• By utilizing six transistors, this inverter example is able to convert DC
voltage into a simulated sinusoidal output waveform. This method of
power conversion is called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). There are 2
transistors per phase, one for the positive switching and one for the
negative.
• The frequency of these pulses is significantly higher than the frequency
of the simulated sinusoidal output, and is known as the carrier
frequency.
Reactors
(design specific)
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AC Induction Motors
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AC Motor Nomenclature
Rotor Bars & Laminations Conduit Box (F3 Position)
Stator Laminations
Stator Windings
Bearing
(Non-Drive End) Air Gap
Lubrication Point
Fan Shroud
End Bell (Drive End)
Motor Frame
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Motor Operating Speed
• Variable frequency drives operate on the principle that the
synchronous speed of an AC motor is determined by the frequency
of the AC supply and the number of poles in the motor.
120 × (𝐻𝑧)
𝑅𝑃𝑀 =
# 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟
3555 3600 2
1771 1800 4
1179 1200 6
886 900 8
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Motor Speeds: 50 Hz
• Below are typical speeds vs. number of poles for
50Hz rated motors:
2962 3000 2
1476 1500 4
983 1000 6
738 800 8
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VFD Environmental Considerations
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Environments and Enclosures
• Consideration must be given to the environmental conditions where the VFD will
be installed.
• Ambient temperature range and moisture levels are most often identified as
potential problems, but high altitude may also be an issue.
• VFD’s should be located in clean, dry, well ventilated areas.
• Heat is the enemy for electrical equipment. Be sure the installation site has
sufficient cooling air available.
• Most drives installed inside buildings may only need a NEMA Type 1 enclosure
for protection. There may be situations where more protection is needed.
• Be sure to identify any airborne contaminants and vapors that may damage
the VFD electrical components. These can be present wherever solvents or
other chemicals are in use such as with water treatment systems.
• Combustion systems can emit corrosive vapors as well as particulate matter.
• WEG includes a conformal coating for all VFD circuit boards to help protect
against these contaminants.
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Environment: Temperature
• WEG VFD’s are rated for a range of ambient temperature and altitude.
• Common temperature ranges are between -10°C (14°F) to 50°C (122°F).
• In some applications higher temperatures may be allowed provided the VFD can
be de-rated per the guidelines in the user manual.
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Environment: Temperature (cont’d.)
The graph below shows that as the temperature increases (horizontal axis) the
available drive current is reduced.
At 50°C the current rating is at 100% of the drive’s rating but at 60°C as described
in the prior slide, the drive’s rating has to be reduced to 80% (derated by 20%).
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Environment: Altitude
• WEG VFDs are rated for operation at altitudes up to 1000 meters (3300 feet)
without de-rating.
• In some applications the installation site may be at a higher altitude.
• Higher altitudes may be allowed provided the VFD can be de-rated per the
manufacturer’s recommendations.
Or: 180 Amps – 20% derating (36 Amps) = 144 Amps maximum
NOTE: Always consult with WEG Drives Application Engineers when derating a VFD
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Environment: Altitude (cont’d.)
The graph below shows that as the altitude increases (horizontal axis) the available
drive current is reduced.
At 1000 meters the current rating is at 100% of the drive’s rating but at 3000
meters described in the prior slide, the drive’s rating has to be reduced to 80%
(derated by 20%).
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Installation Considerations
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Drive Installation: Grounding
Improper grounding is a common VFD installation issue
• VFDs must be properly grounded before they can function as designed.
• Follow recommended grounding practice as in the example below:
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Drive Installation: Grounding
Improper grounding is a common VFD installation issue
• VFDs must be properly grounded before they can function as designed.
• Follow recommended grounding practice as in the example below:
NO! Yes
Enclosure Enclosure
backpanel backpanel
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Drive Installation: Motor Cables
Example of Wiring for VFD and Armor Cable
Filler
C B Three
G Ground
Conductors
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Drive Installation: LV Cables
• Proper low voltage cable routing practices should be followed to ensure
optimal performance for the VFD and connected system devices.
• Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can be a very important issue with
high power devices such as VFDs.
• Most VFD manufacturers offer an RFI filter built into the VFD to help
mitigate electrical interference problems.
+
GND +24v DI1 DI2 DI3 DI4 AO– AO+ AI
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Low Voltage Drives and Soft Starters
It’s HERE!
The new 2017 Automation Catalog:
• Focused on Low Voltage Drives,
Soft Starters & Engineered Panels
• New layout, easier to follow
• Updated Quick Selection Guides
with current products
• Updated pricing
• Available in hard copy, or download
the PDF at: http://www.weg.net/us
• The online version will be
maintained regularly
• Just updated January 2017!
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WEG Variable Frequency Drives Training
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Thank you!
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