INCIDENT ACTION PLAN

HAZARDOUS
MATERIAL
SPILL
PREPARED BY TAPATRA THANUPRAN 1204
VANITTA RANGSITANAN 1205
THANYA SUWANKHAJIT 1206
KANOKNOP PHATIAMORN 1207
CONTENTS

01
BLUF
02
SITUATIONAL OVERVIEW

03
OBJECTIVES
03
RELEVANT INFORMATION

06
EQUIPMENT NEEDED
08
RESPONSE PROCEDURES

10
CONCLUSION
 01

BLUF
From the scene, the chemicals spilled on the ground include Tetrachloroethylene,
Polyurethane Coating, Toluene, Sodium Borohydride and Sodium Hydroxide Solution
and the victims are two teenage boys who still alive. The chemicals spilled on the
concrete area and it occurs at 9.30 am on Tuesday. The temperature was 37°Celsius,
the relative humidity is 85% with the rain possibility of 15%. All of the chemicals could
be harmful to anyone who ingest, inhale, or contact to the chemicals and might lead
to fatal in worst situation. The equipments that will be used are Level B Hazmat Suits
(to protect the rescue team from the chemicals), Universal Sorbent Socs and pads (to
absorb the chemicals spilled on the concrete) and Empty Chemical Drums (used as a
container of contaminated socs and pads). For procedure, we will collaborate with
the police to frame the scene and help guiding people who are not in charge out of
the scene then, the rescue team wearing Level B Hazmat suit will rescue the victims
from the scene to get some fresh air, first aid, warmth, and sent them to the closest
hospital. After that, we will use socs and pads to absorb spilled chemicals and to
prevent the chemicals from running into the sewers while the others are trying to
stop the leak of the chemicals from the barrels then, and relocate to the empty
chemical drums. Lastly, we will contact the Department of Pollution Control to help
disposing and transport the chemicals
02

SITUATIONAL SURROUNDINGS
The chemicals only spilled

OVERVIEW onto the concrete, not the

earth, in the school’s sport
field area, and they are on the
way to the nearby sewers. To
make matters worse, the
scene occurs at 9.30 am on
Tuesday, which is school
time, so many students,
teachers, and other staff are
probably still in the school
building. Besides, there is no
trucks nearby, so we cannot
identify to whom the
chemicals belong.
Nevertheless, the two victims
are only the ones who are in
the scene, which means no
CHEMICALS other people are there.
Five types of chemical spilled in the scene: WEATHER
Tetrachloroethylene, Polyurethane Coating, Toluene,
Sodium Borohydride and Sodium Hydroxide The weather condition in
Solution, and an unknown chemical. Each of these scene is quite reassuring. The
chemicals spilled in the amount of approximately 1 wind speed and direction is 6
liter. Unfortunately, we cannot identify to whom the kilometers per hour towards
chemicals belong since there is no trucks nearby, so the southeast, which is
the unknown chemical cannot be specified its towards the front and center
name. area of the school building.
Nevertheless, the
VICTIMS temperature is 37° Celsius,
and the relative humidity is
There are two alive teenage boy victims lying on the 85%. Therefore, the chemicals
ground near the spills but not contacted. As seeing is forecasted not to evaporate
from their student uniforms and school laboratory into the air due to the lower
coat, we assume that the victims are students in the temperature than the
school where the scene occurs, which is high chemicals’ boiling points and
school. Because of their adolescent ages and high nearly saturated air that
school student statuses, we assume that the victims cannot hold additional
exposed to chemicals by accidentally inhaling moisture. Also, the rain
rather than ingesting them. possibility is only 15%, so we
can allay our concerns on the
chemicals which are reactive
with water.
 03

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this Incident Action Plan to provide
appropriate instructions and procedures for the personnels in
charged to isolate the spill scene, rescue the victims in the
scene, stop the chemical leaks, and clear the scene.

RELEVANT
INFORMATION
CHEMICALS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Polyurethane coating is flammable if it is in
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE gas or liquid state and is exposed to
sufficient heat at about 416° Celsius. Once it
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
is burned, it emits toxic smoke composed
A colorless liquid with a sweet smell that mainly of carbon monoxide, including
can be evaporated into the air at 120-122 °C. hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen oxides.
Besides, its melting point is around -22 °C. Moreover, this chemical is also highly
As tetrachloroethylene is insoluble in water, reactive with compounds that contain
it is unlikely to flow through the stream. hydroxyl groups, such as water and alcohol.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES HEALTH DANGER

The chemical is nonflammable and has an Polyurethane coating can bring harms to
NFPA rating of 0 in reactivity which means humans’ skins and eyes if contacted,
that it is stable in the normal conditions. respiratory tract if inhaled, and life if
inhaled or ingested: skin dryness, skin
HEALTH DANGER cracking, skin irritation, skin allergic
It is harmful to anyone who ingests, inhales, reaction, serious eye irritation, breathing
or contacts it. The short term effects are difficulty, and fatality. In addition, this
headache, dizziness, and nausea. However, chemical is toxic to aquatic creatures and
this liquid can burn and irritate the skin as can cause long-term dangerous effects in
well as the eyes of those who are exposed aquatic environments.
to it. In addition, the long term effects are
the risk of cancer in the liver or kidney, and TOLUENE
myeloma. For the living things underwater,
they would be harmed if the chemical PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
contaminates the water sources Toluene is a liquid at room temperature
with sweet odor and clear colorless. This
chemical is insoluble in water. Moreover, it
POLYURETHANE COATING has a boiling point at 110.6° C.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Polyurethane coating is a liquid at room
temperature that can be either colorless or The chemical is a highly flammable liquid
white and has a very strong chemical odor that can be easily ignited by heat, sparks or
and pungent smell. Also, It has a melting flames. The vapors of the chemical may
point in the range of 85°-121° Celsius. form explosive mixtures with air and can be
a source of ignition.
04

HEALTH DANGER EQUIPMENTS

When contact with Toluene, it may irritate GEAR AND EQUIPMENTS
or burn skin and eyes. Also, it may cause
exhaustion, confusion, dizziness and LEVEL B HAZMAT SUITS
headache after inhaling the chemical. A Hazmat suit is one of the personal
Moreover, the fire caused by the chemical protective equipment. It is used by the
will produce irritating, corrosive or toxic personnel who are involved in the cleaning
gases that may cause dizziness or of toxic chemicals and other dangerous
suffocation. conditions. It is classified into 4 levels which
are different in the protective items
SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE depend on the seriousness of the situation.
AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE Because the most serious health danger we
SOLUTION might get from the chemicals are fatalities
if inhaled and serious eye irritations and
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES skin burns if exposed and contacted, the
Apparent of white to grey crystalline Level B Hazmat suits are the minimum
powder with a melting point above 300 level of suits required. This level of Hazmat
Celsius, and boiling point equal to 500 suits mainly gives users protection from
Celsius. the density of the chemical is  1.035 inhaling the chemicals in the air while their
grams/milliliter and may ignite in air at 70 abilities to protect the skin and eyes are
Celsius. It also soluble in lower alcohols and lower. They include the positive-pressure
ammonia and insoluble in organic solvent. supplied air respirator with tanks that will
be carried at the back, the long-sleeved
jackets and hooded clothes and the
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES double-layered gloves which are chemical
The chemical reacts with water easily to resistant, and boots with steel as the
form sodium hydroxide. It also acts as a structure in the midsole.
reducing agent that acts selectively and SPILL CONTROL KIT
used to reduce aldehydes or ketones to
primary or secondary alcohols. Universal Sorbent Socs: designed for
Furthermore, it reduces some inorganic chemical absorption to prevent the
compounds and it is utilized by the hazardous chemical from flowing to other
pharmaceutical industry in the production locations.
of some antibiotics. Universal Sorbent Pads: used for absorbing
leaks the chemical spills
HEALTH DANGER Empty Chemical Drums: used to contain
The chemical is toxic and corrosive which is hazardous chemicals
non combustible and sensitive to water. In
addition, The chemical is toxic for PERSONNELS
inhalation, ingestion, and contraction with
skin and eyes in the form of vapours, dust,
DEPARTMENT OF
or substances may cause severe injury, EMERGENCY AND
burns and death by passing through your ACCIDENT UNDER THE
skin and eyes. It can lead to eye damage
REGULATIONS OF ROYAL
and irritation of lungs by cause coughing or
shortness of breath. Higher exposures will THAI POLICE
build up the fluid in the lungs (pulmonary One of the duties of the Department of
edema), a medical emergency, with severe Emergency and Accident under the
shortness of breath. It can release toxic, regulations of the Royal Thai Police is to
corrosive or flammable gas when react perform actions in order to promote
with moist or water. Lastly, If ingested can efficiency in any operation.
form large volume of gas and lead to a gas
embolism and cause Abdominal pain.
Vomiting. Shock or collapse.
 05

DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF
POLLUTION CONTROL MEDICAL SERVICES
UNDER THE UNDER THE
REGULATIONS OF THE REGULATIONS OF THE
MINISTRY OF NATURAL MINISTRY OF PUBLIC
RESOURCES AND HEALTH
ENVIRONMENT In case the victims have rare, serious, and
complex disorders from exposing to
Department of Pollution Control can
chemicals, we should consider to contact
provide an aid service in a hazardous
Department of Medical Services because
material spill scene since their duties are to
one of the main duties of this department
give advice on how to cope with the
is to coordinate with responsible hospitals,
pollution, to evaluate environmental
such as tertiary care centers, quaternary
damage, to restore the environment in
care centers, and specialized hospitals, to
polluted area, and to keep track of and to
effectively provide tertiary or higher level
proceed with legal actions on the pollution
medical care for the victims.
situation.

SGS THAILAND LTD

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR
SGS Thailand LTD is a private
EMERGENCY MEDICINE environmental waste management service
UNDER THE company that can help to transport and
REGULATIONS OF THE dispose of chemical wastes with ethical
standards as well as governing regulatory
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC requirements.
HEALTH
The only duties of National Institute for
Emergency Medicine are to give victims
proper first aid in a certain emergent scene,
including a hazardous material spill scene,
and to transport the victims to the nearest
hospitals so that the victims can receive
further medical services.
06

EQUIPMENT
NEEDED
SPILL CONTROL KIT
GEAR AND UNIVERSAL SORBENT SOCS
EQUIPMENTS

UNIVERSAL SORBENT PADS

EMPTY CHEMICAL DRUMS

LEVEL B PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
POSITIVE-PRESSURE
SUPPLIED AIR RESPIRATOR
CHEMICAL RESISTANT
HOODED COVERALLS
OUTER CHEMICAL
RESISTANT GLOVES
INNER CHEMICAL RESISTANT
GLOVES
OUTER CHEMICAL
RESISTANT STEEL TOE AND
SHANK BOOTS
 07

SGS THAILAND LTD

PERSONNELS (TEL. +66 2-678-1813)
WE NEED APPROXIMATELY
FROM 20 TO 30 STAFF TO DEPARTMENT OF
ISOLATE THE SCENE, RESCUE POLLUTION CONTROL
THE VICTIMS, AND CLEAR THE
(TEL. +66 2-298-2000)
SCENE. THESE STAFF ARE
FROM THE FOLLOWING
UNDER THE
DEPARTMENT IN THAILAND. REGULATIONS OF THE
MINISTRY OF NATURAL
DEPARTMENT OF
RESOURCES AND
EMERGENCY AND
ENVIRONMENT
ACCIDENT (TEL. 191) 
UNDER THE
DEPARTMENT OF
REGULATIONS OF
MEDICAL SERVICES
ROYAL THAI POLICE
(TEL. +66 2-590-6000)
NATIONAL INSTITUTE UNDER THE
FOR EMERGENCY REGULATIONS OF THE
MEDICINE (TEL. 1669) MINISTRY OF PUBLIC
UNDER THE HEALTH.
REGULATIONS OF THE
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC
HEALTH.
08

RESPONSE
PROCEDURES
ISOLATE THE SCENE

First of all, we will collaborate with the police from the Department of Emergency
and Accident under the regulations of the Royal Thai Police by calling 191 in order to
isolate people out of the scene and nearby location because the chemicals are
dangerous to everyone. The police will be given maps showing the spill scene
location and the area that they must prevent people to enter. Due to the direction of
the wind that blows to the front and middle part of the school, they will have to
guide students, teachers, and other officers to get out of the school to avoid risks of
getting endangered through the fire exit at the back of the school which will lead to
the dormitory outside the school area which is safe from the contaminated air. In
addition, for those who are in the direction of the chemicals, the policers will have to
 09

tell them to try to not breath that air and quickly bring them to the back of the
school. However, all of the staff at this place, except the group of police who aren’t
stay close to the scene, must wear protective masks to cover themselves from
inhaling the gas. Since the chemical vapors can be spread in the air, and the scene is
an open space, so normal people shouldn’t approach the spot or else they will be
harmed. When the school is cleared, we will proceed to the next step.

RESCUE THE VICTIMS

Our team members who are wearing the Level B Hazmat Suit will carry the victims to
the clean, fresh, and ventilated area. At this time, one of the members will call 1669 to
ask for an ambulance from National Institute for Emergency Medicine. In this case,
we plan to send the victims to Golden Jubilee Medical Center because it is the
nearest place that we can find. It is important that we send the patients as fast as we
can to the specialists to take care of them. During this, we will let the victims stay at
rest, followed by giving them first aid and warmth. Also, we will keep tracking
whether the victims show any sign or symptom that might be dangerous or fatal. In
addition, if the patients are diagnosed to have some rare, serious, and complex
disorders, we will need to tell the Department of Medical Services by phoning +66 2-
590-6000.

CLEAR AND CLEAN THE SCENE

Firstly, some of our team will use the universal sorbent socs to prevent the chemicals
from running into the sewers while the others are trying to stop the leak of the
chemicals from the barrels by lifting the barrels up and closing the lids. Next, to clean
up the chemicals that are on the concrete, we will transfer each of the spilled
chemical by using the universal sorbent pads to absorb the chemicals and relocate to
the empty chemical drums. Moreover, the team will label those containers according
to the chemicals we put in. Lastly, one of our team will contact the Department of
Pollution Control (Tel. +66 2-298-2000) in order to make sure that the chemicals are
transported to be disposed appropriately.
10

CONCLUSION

In summary, the procedure that we will use to isolate the scene, rescue the
victims and clear the scene from the chemicals including
Tetrachloroethylene, Polyurethane Coating, Toluene, Sodium Borohydride
and Sodium Hydroxide Solution are to collaborate with the police to
prevent people to enter the scene then, rescue member wearing the Level
B Hazmat Suit the victims to get some fresh air and warmth before
contact the nearest hospital. After that, we will clear the scene using
Universal Sorbent Socs and pads to absorb the spilled solutions and use
the Empty Chemical Drums to contain the contaminated equipment.
Lastly, we will contact the Department of Pollution Control to help
disposing the chemicals.