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    Artificial Insemination

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    Mayuri Vohra
    This document discusses artificial insemination (AI) techniques used to increase animal populations. It describes which animal species AI is used for, including cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, dogs, humans, and others. The key steps of AI are outlined as collecting semen, evaluating semen quality, preserving semen through liquid or frozen methods, thawing frozen semen, and properly inseminating females. AI provides genetic and economic benefits but requires accurate heat detection and trained inseminators for success.

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    Artificial Insemination

    Uploaded by

    Mayuri Vohra
    101 views29 pages
    This document discusses artificial insemination (AI) techniques used to increase animal populations. It describes which animal species AI is used for, including cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, dogs, humans, and others. The key steps of AI are outlined as collecting semen, evaluating semen quality, preserving semen through liquid or frozen methods, thawing frozen semen, and properly inseminating females. AI provides genetic and economic benefits but requires accurate heat detection and trained inseminators for success.

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    Artificial Insemination

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    This document discusses artificial insemination (AI) techniques used to increase animal populations. It describes which animal species AI is used for, including cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, dogs, humans, and others. The key steps of AI are outlined as collecting semen, evaluating semen quality, preserving semen through liquid or frozen methods, thawing frozen semen, and properly inseminating females. AI provides genetic and economic benefits but requires accurate heat detection and trained inseminators for success.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    101 views29 pages

    Artificial Insemination

    Uploaded by

    Mayuri Vohra
    This document discusses artificial insemination (AI) techniques used to increase animal populations. It describes which animal species AI is used for, including cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, dogs, humans, and others. The key steps of AI are outlined as collecting semen, evaluating semen quality, preserving semen through liquid or frozen methods, thawing frozen semen, and properly inseminating females. AI provides genetic and economic benefits but requires accurate heat detection and trained inseminators for success.

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    Animal Propagation

    to increase animal count by sexual or asexual reproduction


    Animals in whom AI is used?

    • Cattle • Turkey
    • Horses • Chickens
    • Swine • Rabbits
    • Sheep • Fish
    • Goats • Fox
    • Dogs • Mink
    • Humans • Bees
    Steps to AI
    1. Collection of semen

    Artificial Vagina
    most common device to collect semen
    Cattle, swine, sheep, horses

    one end of apparatus is open to allow the entrance of the


    penis and the other end is provided with a glass tube or
    beaker to collect the semen
    Milking of Semen
    poultry

    Abdominal Pressure
    Fish
    Electric Stimulation
    an electro-ejaculator apparatus introduces a weak
    alternating current to the sacral and pelvic nerves via
    electrodes placed in rectum till erection and ejaculation
    occur

    Age for semen collection

    Bull: 12 months
    Boar: 6-8 months
    Ram: 6-9 months
    Stallion: 20-24 months
    Dog: 8-12 months
    2. Semen Evaluation

    a. Appearance:
    • uniform, solid, dense appearance; high sperm concentration
    • translucent: fewer sperms
    • curd appearance: should be discarded; indicates inflammation

    b. Mobility:
    • evaluated under a microscope at 400x
    • semen should contain 70% or more motile sperms

    c. Volume:
    • varies with age
    • younger males produce smaller volume
    • (not a negative factor as long as concentration of semen is good)

    d. Concentration
    most important indicator of fertility
    determined by the number of sperms/mm of semen

    e. Morphology
    proportion of abnormal sperm should not exceed 20%
    3. Preservation of Semen

    • Extenders
    • Nutrients (Glucose, Fructose)
    • Cold Shock prevention ( milk, skim milk, egg yolk)
    • Buffer (Citrate,Tris)
    • Osmotic Pressure
    • inhibition of bacterial growth (antibiotics)
    • Increase of volume
    • Cryoprotectant (Glycerol)
    Liquid Semen
    Frozen Semen
    Equipment required

    Semen Straw
    contains a single dose of semen

    Liquid Nitrogen Tank


    shoes semen straws at -320 degrees Fahrenheit
    once frozen properly semen may last indefinitely in the tank
    Semen Thawing unit:
    used for thawing frozen semen before insemination

    Thermometer:
    to measure temperature in thawing unit
    Should be between 90-98 degree Fahrenheit
    Straw tweezers
    to pick up the straw

    Scissors:
    to cut the semen straw prior to insemination
    Insemination syringe or gun:
    made from stainless steel
    used to place semen into the reproductive tract of female

    chicken
    duck

    cattle
    Cover Sheath:
    to cover the insemination gun
    to keep it clean

    T
    Paper Towels
    to dry off semen straw
    to wipe animal clean, especially the vulva

    Plastic Sleeve:
    to keep the inseminator’s arm clean

    Sterile Lubricant(Lube)
    put on plastic sleeve before entering into vulva
    • Restrain the animal to be inseminated

    •Raise the tail with right hand


    Massage the rectum with lubricated glove on left hand

    • Gently swipe the vulva with paper towel to remove excess


    manure and debris

    • Insert the gun at a 30 degree upward angle to avoid entering


    the urethral opening and bladder located on floor of the Vagina
    Keep the gloved had even with the tip of the inseminator gun

    Allow the manure to pass over the tip of hand and arm
    Deal with colon constrictions

    Grasp the cervix and


    move it gently
    Cervix

    Find the opening of Cervix


    Move the Cervix over the tip of insemination gun

    Locate the end of insemination gun


    Deposition of semen in uterus
    Improper distribution of semen into one horn
    Insemination gun pushed too far forward

    Proper distribution of semen into both horns


    Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination
    Advantages of AI
    • Genetic Improvement
    • widespread use and availability of genetically improved
    sires
    • 1 bull can breed 500000 cows in a life time
    • semen can be used after death
    • oldest frozen semen 40-45 years old
    • availability of sire anywhere in world
    • Disease reduction
    • Crossbreeding
    • Improved Management
    • Economical(cost effective)
    Disadvantages

    • Oestrous detection must be good


    • Inseminator should be properly trained
    • Use of poor male may increase if not tested properly
    • technology to sort semen is difficult to maintain

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