C If Else Statement

C if...
else Statement
In this tutorial, you will learn about if statement (including if...else
and nested if..else) in C programming with the help of examples.
C if Statement
The syntax of the if statement in C programming is:
if (test expression)
{
// statements to be executed if the test expression is true
}
How if statement works?
The if statement evaluates the test expression inside the

parenthesis () .
 If the test expression is evaluated to true, statements inside
the body of if are executed.
 If the test expression is evaluated to false, statements inside
the body of if are not executed.
To learn more about when test expression is evaluated to true
(non-zero value) and false (0), check relational and logical
operators.
Example 1: if statement
// Program to display a number if it is negative
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter an integer: ");

scanf("%d", &number);
// true if number is less than 0

if (number < 0) {
printf("You entered %d.\n", number);
}
printf("The if statement is easy.");
return 0;
}
Output 1
Enter an integer: -2
You entered -2.
The if statement is easy.
When the user enters -2, the test expression number<0 is evaluated
to true. Hence, You entered -2 is displayed on the screen.
Output 2
Enter an integer: 5
The if statement is easy.
When the user enters 5, the test expression number<0 is evaluated
to false and the statement inside the body of if is not executed
C if...else Statement
The if statement may have an optional else block. The syntax of
the if..else statement is:
if (test expression) {
// statements to be executed if the test expression is true
}
else {
// statements to be executed if the test expression is false
}
How if...else statement works?
If the test expression is evaluated to true,
 statements inside the body of if are executed.

 statements inside the body of else are skipped from
execution.
If the test expression is evaluated to false,
 statements inside the body of else are executed

 statements inside the body of if are skipped from execution.
Example 2: if...else statement
// Check whether an integer is odd or even
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
// True if the remainder is 0

if (number%2 == 0) {
printf("%d is an even integer.",number);
}
else {
printf("%d is an odd integer.",number);
}
return 0;
}
Output
Enter an integer: 7
7 is an odd integer.
When the user enters 7, the test expression number%2==0 is

evaluated to false. Hence, the statement inside the body of else is
executed.
C if...else Ladder
The if...else statement executes two different codes depending
upon whether the test expression is true or false. Sometimes, a
choice has to be made from more than 2 possibilities.
The if...else ladder allows you to check between multiple test
expressions and execute different statements.
Syntax of nested if...else statement.
if (test expression1) {
// statement(s)
}
else if(test expression2) {
// statement(s)
}
else if (test expression3) {
// statement(s)
}
.
.
else {
// statement(s)
}
Example 3: C if...else Ladder
// Program to relate two integers using =, > or < symbol
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number1, number2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);
//checks if the two integers are equal.

if(number1 == number2) {
printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
}
//checks if number1 is greater than number2.

else if (number1 > number2) {
printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
}
//checks if both test expressions are false

else {
printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
}
return 0;
}
Output
Enter two integers: 12

23
Result: 12 < 23
Nested if...else
It is possible to include an if...else statement inside the body of
another if...else statement.
Example 4: Nested if...else
This program given below relates two integers using

either < , > and = similar to the if...else ladder's example.
However, we will use a nested if...else statement to solve this
problem.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number1, number2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);
if (number1 >= number2) {

if (number1 == number2) {
printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
}
else {
printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
}
}
else {
printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
}
return 0;
}
If the body of an if...else statement has only one statement, you
do not need to use brackets {} .
For example, this code
if (a > b) {
print("Hello");
}
print("Hi");
is equivalent to
if (a > b)
print("Hello");
print("Hi");

C If Else Statement

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

C If Else Statement

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

C If Else Statement

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

C if...

How if statement works?

The if statement evaluates the test expression inside the

// Program to display a number if it is negative

printf("Enter an integer: ");

// true if number is less than 0

printf("The if statement is easy.");

How if...else statement works?

If the test expression is evaluated to true,

 statements inside the body of if are executed.

 statements inside the body of else are executed

// Check whether an integer is odd or even

// True if the remainder is 0

When the user enters 7, the test expression number%2==0 is

Syntax of nested if...else statement.

Example 3: C if...else Ladder

// Program to relate two integers using =, > or < symbol

//checks if the two integers are equal.

//checks if number1 is greater than number2.

//checks if both test expressions are false

Enter two integers: 12

Example 4: Nested if...else

This program given below relates two integers using

if (number1 >= number2) {

You might also like