Exercise 1: Basic Functions

Mekelle university
Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay

Exercise 2: Make the FBD and LAD from the following Schematic diagrams

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Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay

Exercise 3: FORWARD - STOP- REVERSE

The Motor is run in either direction by S2 or S3 and to change the direction one has to stop
motor by S1.
The motor control is characterized by

1. Latching: Q1 (NO) and Q2 (NO) are self latching i.e they continue the power to the
respective coils after push button is released. The characteristics of push button
switches is that it continues line while it is pressed and hold, but when released it
discontinues the line.

2. Interlocking: Q1 (NC) and Q2 (NC) are interlockers i.e they avoid short circuits.

The contact of the coil don’t close or open immediately after the coil is energized but
there is time delay which cause short circuit

Control circuit power circuit

Problem: a) Develop the FBD and LAD from the above control circuit
b) Draw a control circuit that allows the running of a motor to change
its direction with out stoppage of the motor
c) Develop the FBD and LAD from the control circuit of problem b

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Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay

Solution
Problem a): FBD using AND & OR gates

1. Switch using the OFF

2. Switch over directly

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 Mekelle university
Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay

Problem A: FBD Using RS flip flop or latching

Condition: switch over via OFF

Condition: switch over directly

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 Mekelle university
Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay

Exercise 4: Understanding different Timer

Develop the FBD shown below and observe the output changes by changing
different time setting

Problem: a) Draw the input, output versus time settings for the ON delay, OFF delay,
wiping relay, & flash light (also called as timing diagrams)
b) Develop a simple FBD for retentive timer, weekly timer, and yearly
timers and draw the timing diagrams

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 Mekelle university
Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay
Exercise 5: Star- Delta motor start

Conditions: - Switch ON  Star before Power-Relay Q1  Q2

- Change over from Star to Delta Q1  Q3 after 5 sec
- Interlocking Condition (Q1 – Q3)
- Changing back from Delta to Star is forbidden

Control circuit L1
F4

S0

S1

Q1 Q2

Q3 Q1

Q1 Q2 Q3

N
Star ON delay Timer Delta
assignment list characteristic Operand Comment
declaration list
S 0 I 1 OFF NC
S 1 I 2 Start NO
Q 1 Q 1 Star contactor
Q 2 Q 2 Power contactor
Q 3 Q 3 Delta contactor

Circuit Diagram L
principal current L
L
F 1-3

Q2 Q3 Q1

F5

M
3~

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 Mekelle university
Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay

Exercise 6.1: Running Light

4 flashlights run one after another in 1 s (Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 and again)

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Exercise 6.2: Running Light

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

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 Mekelle university
Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay

Exercise 6.1: Running Light

4 flashlights run one after another in 1 s Sequence Control

(Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 and again)

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1

„Start“ S1

2 P1 “1. Lamp”

“Time” 0.5s/X2

“2. Lamp”
3 P2

“Time” 0.5s/X3

4 P2 “3. Lamp”

“Time” 0.5s/X4

5 P4 “3. Lamp”

“Time” 0.5s/X5

Solution

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 Mekelle university
Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay
Exercise 6.2: Running Light

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Solution with Timer

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 Mekelle university
Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay

Exercise 7: Conveyer belt

S3 S4

Components Operand Coment

S1 I1 Main Switch
S2 I2 Start Puschbutton NO
S3 I3 CC Start Limit switch NO
S4 I4 CC Start Limit switch NO
Q1 Q1 Conveyor belt FORWARD
Q2 Q2 Conveyor belt REVERSE
P1 Q3 Indicator light (flash 0.5 Hz) Conveyor belt is running

Solution

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 Mekelle university
Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay
Exercise 8: Stamping Tool

Object Operand Comment

S1 I1 Main switch (SIM)
S2 I2 Start 1 (NO)
S3 I3 Start 2 (NO)
S4 I4 Up (NC)
S5 I5 Down (NC)
M1 Q1 Motor

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 Mekelle university
Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay
Exercise 10.1: Traffic light

A traffic-light is controlled by Logo!. Write the program for the

Following Cycle of three colours:

Red 5.0 s
Red/yellow 0.8 s
Green 4.5 s
Yellow 1.5 s

Q1
red
t
Q2 5s 7s
yellow
t
Q3
green
t
Start

1 Ready

„Start“ S1

2 Q1 “red”

“Time” 4.2s/X2

“1. Yellow , red”

3 Q2 Q1

“Time” 0.8s/X3

4 Q3 “green”

“Time” 4.5s/X4

5 Q2 “2. yellow”

“Time” 1.5s/X5

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Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay
Solution

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Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay
Addition: Yellow Flashlight by switching ON and switching OFF the Cycle
Solution

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 Mekelle university
Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay
Exercise 10.3: Traffic lights with Pedestrian Crossing

A traffic-light is controlled by Logo!

 If it is switched off, the green light for
pedestrian is lightening.
 By switching on the yellow light is
flashing for 3s, then the cycle starts:
The pedestrians will become red and
the cars green.
 If the pedestrians push S3 or S4 the
lights will change to red for
pedestrians and green for cars.
 By initiating S5 or S6 by cars the
pedestrians become red again and
the cars green light.

The hole sequence see above.

Assignment list

Object Operand Comment

S1 I1 Main switch
S3 I3 Pedestrian request
S4 I4 Pedestrian request
S5 I5 Car request
S6 I6 Car request
P1 Q1 Green for Cars
P2 Q2 Yellow for Cars
P3 Q3 Red for Cars
P4 Q4 Green/Red for Pedestrians

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Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay

P3 red

P2 yellow

P1 green

t
P4
NS red
rot

tt
P5 green

t
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

S1 T1 S3 T2 T3 T4 S5 T5 T6
3s + 2s 1,5s 2s + 2s 1,5s
S4 S6

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 Mekelle university
Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay

Exercise 11: Car Parking lot

a) Develop a simple FBD using counter to understand the function of counter
(hint: use the help)
b) Develop FBD program for a car parking lot that have the capacity of
parking 12 cars as shown below in the figure

S4 Q2 S5 Exit

H1

H2

Enternace

S2 Q1 S3

Object Operand Comment

S1 I1 Main switch
S2 I2 Sensor IN 1
S3 I3 Sensor IN 2
S4 I4 Sensor OUT 1
S5 I5 Sensor OUT 2
M1 Q1 Barrier coming
M2 Q2 Barrier Leaving
H1 Q3 Free space available
H2 Q4 Occupied (No free space)

Problem c) modify your FBD to allow display the number of free and occupied lots

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 Mekelle university
Ethiopian Institute of Technology-mekelle
PLC Pprogramming by Sisay teklay
Exercise 12: Package lifting-up
A package shall be liftet up from a lower to a higher level.

2B1
2B2

Start CC

S2 S1 S3

B1

Lifting up Ejecting
1B2
1B1 1B2 2B1 2B2

1A1 1A2

1B1

1M1 1M2 2M1 2M2

5/3-way valve 5/2-way double pilot valve

mid position closed

Components Operand Coment

S1 I1 CC Stop NC
S2 I2 Start NO
S3 I3 CC Start NO
1B1 I4 Lifting cylinder is down
1B2 I5 Lifting cylinder is up
2B1 I6 Ejecting cylinder is retracted
2B2 I7 Ejecting cylinder is advanced
B1 I8 Package ready
1M1 Q1 Lifting cylinder up 5/3 WV
1M2 Q2 Lifting cylinder down
2M1 Q3 Ejecting cylinder advance 5/2 WV Impuls
2M2 Q4 Ejecting cylinder retracts

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