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Biosphere Reserves y p l u s
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Sudarshanm Gurjar
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• Biosphere Reserves are large areas of bio diversity s where flora and
fauna are protected. eo
• These regions of environmental protection v d
i roughly correspond to
IUCN Category V Protected areas. l u s
y p
• The Indian government has established
m 18 Biosphere Reserves of
d
India, which protect larger areas e of natural habitat (than a National
Park or Wildlife Sanctuary). ca
n a
• Biosphere Reserve (BR)uis an international designation by UNESCO for
representative parts@of natural and cultural landscapes extending over
large area of terrestrial or coastal/marine ecosystems or a
combination thereof
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• The Indian government has established 18 biosphere reserves in India

• Eleven of the eighteen biosphere reserves are a part of the World
Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the o s UNESCO Man and the
Biosphere (MAB) Programme list. i d e
• Man and the Biosphere Programme s v
pl u (MAB) is an intergovernmental
scientific programme.
m y
• launched in 1971 by UNESCO, d e
a
c basis for the improvement of relationships
• aims to establish a scientific
a
between people and untheir environments.
@

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International Union for Conservation of Nature

• IUCN protected area categories:
• This categorisation method is recognised on a global scale by national
governments and international bodies such as the United
o s Nations and
the Convention on Biological Diversity e i d
sv
• Category Ia – Strict Nature Reserve
pl u
• Category Ib – Wilderness Area m y
• Category II – National Park d e
a
c or Feature
• Category III – Natural Monument
n a
• u
Category IV – Habitat/Species Management Area
•
@
Category V – Protected Landscape/Seascape/Area
• Category VI – Protected Area with sustainable use of natural resources

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Structure and functions of BR

• Core Zone : Core zone must contain suitable habitat s for numerous
plant and animal species, including higher order eopredators.
v i d
• contain centers of endemism.
l u s
• Core areas often conserve the wild y p
relatives of economic species and
also represent important genetic e m reservoirs having exceptional
scientific interest. a d
a c
un free from human pressures
• The core zone is to be kept
@

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• Buffer Zone These uses and activities include s restoration,

demonstration sites for enhancing value addition eo to the resources,
limited recreation, tourism, fishing, grazing, v i d
etc.
l u s
• Research and educational activities y p to be encouraged. Human
are
mlikely to continue if these do not
activities, if natural within BR, are
e
adversely affect the ecologicalad
diversity.
a c
u n
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• Transition Zone : The transition area is the outermost

s part of a
biosphere reserve. eo
v i d
• This is usually not delimited one and isuaszone of cooperation where
conservation knowledge and management l
p skills are applied and uses
are managed in harmony with them
y
purpose of the biosphere reserve.
e
d lands, managed forests and area for
• This includes settlements, crop
c a
a
intensive recreation andnother economic uses characteristics of the
region. u
@

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o s
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l u
m yp
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• The level of restriction in the increasing order is Biosphere

s Reserves,
o
Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks. de v i
l u s
m yp
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o s
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l u
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o s
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l u
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o s
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Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

• The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is an International Biosphere

s Reserve in
the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills ranges of South eo India.
• Mudumalai, Mukurthi, Nagarhole, Bandipur i d
vand Silent Valley national
l u
parks the Wayanad (Kerala )and Sathyamangalam,
s Aralam
(Kerala) wildlife sanctuaries. y p
e
• It includes the Bengal tiger, Indian
m
d leopard , Black
a Mongoose, Malabar giant
c
panther , Gaur, Indian elephant,
a nilgiri langur, Gray langur and Nilgiri
n
squirrel, Lion-tailed macaque,
u
tahr. @
• It has largest population of two endangered species- lion-tailed
macaque and nilgiri tahr.
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Nanda Devi National Park

• Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks

o s
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Gulf of Mannar

• in the Coromandel Coast region. s

eo
• The chain of low islands and reefs known i d as Ramsethu, also
v Island, separates the
called Adam's Bridge, which includes Mannar
l u s
Gulf of Mannar from Palk Bay, which y p lies to the north between Sri
Lanka and India.
e m
• The Malvathu Oya (Malvathu a dRiver) of Sri Lanka and the estuaries
a c
u n
of Thamirabarani River and Vaipar River of South India drain into the
Gulf. @
• The dugong (sea cow) is found here.

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Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve

• Bori Sanctuary (518.00 km2) s

eo
• Pachmarhi Sanctuary (461.37 km2).
v i d
• Satpura National Park (524.37 km2) l u s
• The highest peak is the Dhoopgarh. y p
m e
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Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve

• The reserve is also the source of three major riverssystems:

the Narmada, the Johilla and the Son River de o
v i
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Cold Desert (biosphere reserve)

• It includes: s
eo
• Pin Valley National Park
vi d
• Chandratal l u s
• Sarchu m yp
• Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary. d e
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Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve

• Rare mammals such as Mishmi takin, red goral,,reds panda, Asiatic

black bear. eo
v i d
us Wildlife Sanctuary
• The Mouling National Park and the Dibang
l
m yp
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Simlipal National Park

• part of the Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve s

eo
• includes three protected areas — Similipal Tiger
v i d Reserve, Hadgarh
Wildlife Sanctuary
l u s
• Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary y p
• Barehipani Falls e m
d a
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Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve

• border of Pathanamthitta, Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram

s Districts
in Kerala and Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari Districtseo in Tamil Nadu,
v i d
• Inclusion of adjoining areas of Kalakkad u
l s
Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve.
yp Sanctuaries (kerala)
• Neyyar, Peppara and Shendurney Wildlife
m
d e
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a
un
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©Sudarshan Gurjar