Jessica Mueller

Mrs. Thomas

UWRT 1104

12 Feb. 2020

Summary One:

1.​ ​Medic, Goran, et al. “Short- and Long-Term Health Consequences of Sleep Disruption.”

Nature and Science of Sleep,​ Dove Medical Press, 19 May 2017,

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5449130/.

2. This source is found on the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health

website. They are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services so the sources are

open to the public but are reliable. Their mission is to seek fundamental knowledge about the

nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health,

lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability.

3. This article starts with what sleep is and how it plays a critical role in everyday life functions

such as your metabolism, appetite regulation, and the functioning of immune, hormonal, and

cardiovascular systems. It then goes on to explain the stages of sleep which are REM (rapid eye

movement) and NREM (non-rapid eye movement). There is a good chart that further explains

the risk factors contributed to sleep deprivation and disruption. The article then goes into further

explaining the short term effects with a small intro paragraph and then two subparagraphs. The

two subparagraphs were somatic problems and psychological issues. Next, the long term

consequences are discussed with the subcategories of cardiovascular, metabolic, and cancer.

Lastly, the article wraps up with a conclusion paragraph.

5. “Short-term consequences of sleep disruption include increased stress responsivity; somatic

problems; reduced quality of life (QoL); emotional distress; mood disorders and other mental

health problems; cognition, memory, and performance deficits; and behavior problems in

otherwise healthy individuals.”

“Long-term consequences of sleep disruption in otherwise healthy individuals include

hypertension, dyslipidemia, CVD, weight-related issues, metabolic syndrome, and T2DM.

Evidence suggests that sleep disruption may increase the risk of certain cancers and death. Sleep

disruption may also worsen the symptoms of some gastrointestinal disorders.”

6. I think this article is a good starting point for a source because it is not too in-depth. Yet this

article still has good information that is easy to read. I like how the short and long term

consequences are separated and that there are some charts. There are multiple quotes that I could

pull from this page so that gives me some flexibility once I find quotes from other sources.
Summary Two:

1.Frenda, Steven J, et al. “Sleep Deprivation and False Confessions.” ​Proceedings of the

National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America​, National Academy of

Sciences, 23 Feb. 2016, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4776459/.

2. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are the nation's preeminent

source of high-quality, objective advice on science, engineering, and health matters. Top experts

participate in our projects, activities, and studies to examine and assemble evidence-based

findings to address some of society's greatest challenges. This article is also open to the public

and easy to read but still knowledgeable information.

3. This source starts off by providing statistics on people that are charged for crimes that they

didn't commit. False confessions are then explained, why people make them, what some of the

causes are, and how common they are. Then an experiment was introduced which had 88

participants who completed the study and attended three laboratory sessions. Each session was

explained in a chart that was shown in the article. The article has many charts and graphs to

show the data from the experiment. The charts take over the majority of the article, but after each

one or a group of them, they are further explained. Overall the experiment was done to show the

process and how the loss of sleep can create delusional thoughts leading to sleep deprivation.

4. This source I can not really relate to any of my other sources because none of my sources have

brought crime into it. I think it is a cool aspect to think about because I feel like when thinking

about sleep loss crime isn't really talked about. This source had a lot of good information but just

wasn't really like any of my others.

(between midnight and 8:00 AM) (​19​). Studies of known false confessions have found that a

majority occurred following interrogations that lasted more than 12 h, with many lasting for

longer than 24 consecutive hours (​20​).”

“sleep deprivation increases the likelihood that a person will falsely confess to wrongdoing that

never occurred. Furthermore, our data suggest that it may be possible to identify certain

individuals who are especially likely to falsely confess while sleep-deprived.”

6. I think this would be an interesting article to incorporate in some way because it is an

interesting topic. I think false accusations are not talked about and not a big topic that crimes to

mind when sleep deprivation is brought up. When crimes happen and it can be very detrimental

to one's mental health, so it can have a huge impact on one's sleep.

1. Marcu, Shai. “The Benefits of a Good Night's Sleep.” ​TED​, Jan. 2015,

www.ted.com/talks/shai_marcu_the_benefits_of_a_good_night_s_sleep#t-70113.

2. Ted talks are a reliable source because they are done by people who are experts in that field.

They are open to the public and are easy to understand but give great information. Shai Marcu

who gave this talk specializes in Pediatric Neurology, Child Development & ​Sleep​ Medicine. He

has a doctorate and being that he specializes in sleep, I think is a reliable source to use.

3. This TED talk explains the benefits of what sleep has on your body. In this short video, it

starts with a brief introduction of what sleep does for your body. Then it goes specifically into

detail about what it does for the brain and the significance it has. The brain does most of its

work while you sleep which many people may not know. While you sleep the main function of

the brain is memory consolidation. The talk then goes into what happens while you sleep and the

dangers if you do not get enough. The main example was given, when you remove the

hippocampus, which is the main spot memory consolidation takes place, what would happen

short term and long term. This example was given because it shows the danger of a not fully

functioning brain which is one of the side effects of sleep deprivation.

4. This source is different from some of the other ones because it mostly focuses on why sleep is

important and not just the effects of not getting sleep. But the little time they did talk about the

effects of no sleep was in line with the other sources I have looked at. But it brought in a good

insight into how the brain works while you sleep.

5. “Not only is sleep good for regulating everything from circulation to growth and immune

response, it is good for our brain because it’s an intensive active period of reconstruction.”
“Normally we forget 40% of new material within the first 20 minutes” - Herman Ebbinghaus

6. This ted talk I think was a good source because it shows not just the negative effects of sleep

deprivation but it explains why we need sleep and what goes on in our brain while we sleep. I

think that this would be good to use at the beginning or end to show why we need the correct

amount of sleep.
Summary Four:

1. Harvard Health Publishing. “Repaying Your Sleep Debt.” ​Harvard Health,​ July 2007,

www.health.harvard.edu/womens-health/repaying-your-sleep-debt.

2. Harvard health is reliable because it is done by Harvard medical students. They do research

and experiments that are monitored by the higher up. The site is open to the public and is written

at a higher education level but is still easily understandable. It is written by more than one

student which opens up more ideas and makes it not just a one-sided article.

3. This Harvard article starts with an analogy of comparing our sleep to a credit card. Then goes

on to explain that if our sleep was a credit card company then we would be in big trouble

because many of us or in great sleep debt. To start out the majority of the article, how the body

uses sleep is mentioned. There are two main ways the body uses sleep which are to boost

circulating levels of the neurotransmitter adenosine and sending signals from the circadian clock.

The next paragraph goes on to explain adenosine and the effects it has on the body and explains

the circadian clock which is the 24-hour body clock. Next, there is a big paragraph that explains

4 ways to avoid sleep deprivation. Those 4 things include creating a sleep sanctuary, nap only

when needed, avoid caffeine after noon and go light on the alcohol, and get regular exercise.

Two studies are gone over and explained, one by the University of Chicago and then one by the

University of Pennsylvania and Harvard Medical School. The architecture of sleep is elaborated

on in the next section with explaining rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement

(NREM) sleep stages. The article closes with a section on how to counter the effects of sleep

loss.
4. Yes, this article does agree with others. It also brings in new insight on how to prevent it and

how to counter the effects. The effects given have been similar to all the other articles. The two

studies that were explained have not been shown in any of the other articles but still goes to

prove what all the others have. This article also talks about adenosine and the circadian clocks

which have been brought up in other articles.

5. “The volunteers developed higher blood pressure and higher levels of the stress hormone

cortisol, and they produced only half the usual number of antibodies to a flu vaccine. The

sleep-deprived students also showed signs of insulin resistance — a condition that is the

precursor of type 2 diabetes and metabolic slowdown.”

“the greater the sleep debt, the less capable we are of recognizing it: Once sleep deprivation —

with its fuzzy-headedness, irritability, and fatigue — has us in its sway, we can hardly recall

what it's like to be fully rested.”

6. I think this article has a lot of potential. My thoughts right now are to use this one along with

the one that mentions why regular healthy amounts of sleep is needed. There are more quotes

than just the ones I mentioned before that I could go pull out if necessary. I really liked how the

article started with the analogy because I think it makes the article seem more intriguing and

relatable.
Summary Five:

1. Aguirre, Claudia. “What Would Happen If You Didn't Sleep?” ​TED,​ Nov. 2015,

www.ted.com/talks/claudia_aguirre_what_would_happen_if_you_didn_t_sleep#t-17225.

2. Ted talks are a reliable source because they are done by people who are experts in that field.

They are open to the public and are easy to understand but give great information. Dr. Claudia

Aguirre is a neuroscientist and mind-body expert. She earned her doctorate degree in

Neuroscience from the University of Southern California (USC). She is also a TED Ed educator,

creating various neuroscience-related lessons, which have reached millions worldwide. She

researches the latest science around mindfulness and meditation and communicates these

findings to the Headspace audience.

3. This ted talk focuses on what happens to your body when you do not sleep. It starts with

giving the average amount of sleep adults and adolescents need per night and then goes into a

study done. The study was what happened to this man when he did not sleep for 11 days straight.

It started with giving daily effects then went into the overall effects it had on his body and his

ability to function. Next, it went into how the brain works and what happens when the brain

doesn't get the efficient sleep it needs. The talk introduced the glymphatic system and how it

clears out the brain's “trash” while you sleep and the significance behind it. It clarifies what

insomnia is and how the chance of having a stroke increases without the needed amount of sleep.

4. This source does agree with other sources I have found. This source also was more specific in

explaining one is affected after a short amount of no sleep. This TED talk was strong and short, it

gave a lot of information and a level that I could understand.

5.“Adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night and adolescents need 10 hours.”
“Lack of sleep can lead to difficulties in learning, worsened mood, slower reaction time,

inflammation, hallucination, high blood pressure, higher risk of diabetes, obesity, and even

death.”

“Less than six hours of sleep a night increases stroke risk by 4.5 times.”

6. This ted talk was good and informative and I think it would be good to pull some of the daily

effects mentioned to help show how fast not enough sleep can start to harm you. This also had

good information that is easy for everyone to understand. I think that there are a lot of options for

quotes to use or even just to help my knowledge about this topic.

1. Danaadmin. “The Sleep-Deprived Brain.” ​Dana Foundation​, Dana Foundation, 28 July 2019,

www.dana.org/article/the-sleep-deprived-brain/.

2. The Dana Foundation is a private philanthropic organization dedicated to advancing

understanding of the brain in health and disease through research grants and public outreach.

Moheb Costandi is a molecular and developmental neurobiologist turned freelance science writer

based in London. He is the author of ​Neuroplasticity​ and ​50 Human Brain Ideas You Really

Need to Know.​ This source is open to the public but is intended for students or people interested

in this field.

3. This article starts off by saying that sleep is a primary biological need. It then goes into how

sleep affects us and why we need it and the dangers without it. Then the brian waste disposal is

explained as the glymphatic system. It explains the system as a network of vessels that runs

alongside blood vessels in the scalp and drains waste-filled cerebrospinal fluid from the organ.

This article then mentioned a study that one night of sleep deprivation results in the deposition of

amyloid-beta plaques in parts of the brain that are affected in Alzheimer’s. Again it states that

sleep hygiene is a pillar of the neuroprotective lifestyle. To end this article they end it with a

paragraph of questions to keep the reader wanting to know more. Lastly, throughout the article

there are sublinks to some of the topics in case further reading is wanted.

4. Yes, this article does agree with other sources I have looked at. It agrees with the dangers that

sleep deprivation has. It elaborates on a few studies to back up what they are saying which is

similar to a few of my sources but none of the studies are the same.
5. “A new study now shows that just one night of sleep deprivation results in the accumulation in

the brain of a protein implicated in Alzheimer’s”

“Poor sleep hygiene likely reduces the efficiency of the brain’s waste disposal system, so that the

insoluble protein clumps that would normally be cleared away by it remain in place.”

“One study, published in 2009, showed that sleep deprivation alters ​functional connections

between the prefrontal cortex and the brain’s reward- and emotion-processing centers​, impairing

so-called executive functions. As a result, we become hypersensitive to rewarding stimuli, our

emotional responses are heightened, and we start acting irrationally.”

“Sleep is the best cognitive enhancer we’ve got, but we’re doing a very poor job translating this

information across to the health community,”

6. I like this article because it is clear and to the point. It is in language that I can understand and

gives good information. I can definitely see myself using one of these quotes in my thesis

because I think they have good evidence. I also like how it brings in Alzheimer’s because I think

that disease is very interesting.

1. Tubbs, Andrew S., et al. “Surviving the Long Night: The Potential of Sleep Health for Suicide

Prevention.” ​Sleep Medicine Reviews​, W.B. Saunders, 21 Feb. 2019,

www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087079219300115.

2. Found through the database this source had many sleep articles. This article is from the

leading platform of peer-reviewed literature that helps you move your research forward.

Peer-reviewed articles are reliable because there are many knowledgeable people working

together to create the best possible information.

3. This short article starts off by giving suicide statistics and how they are rising. It then gives

some insight into how suicide in young adults is going up very fast and it gives some

possibilities of why. Next sleep loss is introduced as one of the factors of why some people

commit suicide. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia is discussed and how it can be

beneficial in reducing the chance of suicide. The identifying mechanisms are then discussed for

suicide and followed with a short paragraph on suicide as a whole. Throughout this whole article,

there are words with links connected to them in case more information is wanted.

4. This source is different from any of my other sources. It is a very short article but discusses

how suicide can be a factor for suicide. I hadn't really thought of that but it was a good

informative insight into a different part of sleep deprivation.

5.“Suicidal behavior was two to four more likely in individuals with general sleep disturbance

than those without.”

6. I think this source can be an effective source to use. Even though it is a very short source it

still gives good information, and I think I will be able to use the one quote in part of my thesis. I
think that being young adults in college, most of the audience that will be looking through this,

can learn the importance of sleep and look at some of the harmful things that come along with

not enough. Suicide is a very common thing in life today so one way to be able to try and prevent

it is important.
Summary Eight:

1. “Driving While Drowsy Can Be As Dangerous as Driving While Drunk.” ​National Sleep

Foundation,​

www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/drowsy-driving-vs-drunk-driving-how-similar-are-they

2. National Sleep Foundation has partnered with Health Forward Media to take

SleepFoundation.org’s content to a new level, including expanded sleep science guides,

consumer reports, and intensive product reviews. Their panel consists of sleep researchers,

medical professionals, and technical editors. The sleep foundation is open to the public and is

written at a good level. They have many articles with different types of information.

3. This article is only about two paragraphs long but it is a summary of how dangerous driving

can be. It compares driving tired to driving while drunk, and it gives hours of not sleeping to

about what your blood alcohol content will be. It gives how one's perception could be impaired

by alcohol and no sleep. The last paragraph of this article gives red flags such as yawning, heavy

eyelids, swerving in and out of lanes, bobbing of the head, and trouble focusing.

4. Again this source is different from others but it is an interesting topic to think about. I can not

compare this article to any of the sources because this is the only source that brings up the topic

of driving while tired.

5. “Being awake for 18 hours straight makes you drive like you have a blood-alcohol level of .05

(for reference, .08 is considered drunk). If you’ve been awake for a full 24 hours and drive—say,

after a night where you just couldn’t fall asleep—it’s like you have a blood-alcohol level of .10.”
“A drunk driver can often drive slowly and try to react, but a drowsy driver can nod off while

still going fast. So, drowsy drivers don't always brake or swerve if something happens in front of

them.”

6. People I think take being tired as not a big deal when it comes to driving but just 12 hours of

staying up straight of driving can make you drive like you are having a .05 BAC. I think that this

would be good to add to my thesis because chronic sleep deprivation might have even worse of

an effect. It is scary that there are a lot of people out there that drive while tired and it is

technically just adding more drunk drivers on the road.