Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 118 views

    Technical Manual For Design and Construction of Tunnels 2

    Uploaded by

    John WT'Fank
    This document discusses two types of retaining wall systems used for cut-and-cover tunnel construction: tangent pile walls and secant pile walls. Tangent pile walls have piles that touch end-to-end, while secant pile walls have overlapping piles with a spacing smaller than their diameter, making them stiffer and better at limiting groundwater inflow. Both require removal of concrete from previously installed piles for adjacent pile installation. The document also notes that rigid wall systems have more load capacity and require less bracing than flexible systems, and that properly detailing the connection between permanent walls and tunnel structure is important to prevent leakage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Technical Manual For Design and Construction of Tunnels 2

    Uploaded by

    John WT'Fank
    118 views2 pages
    This document discusses two types of retaining wall systems used for cut-and-cover tunnel construction: tangent pile walls and secant pile walls. Tangent pile walls have piles that touch end-to-end, while secant pile walls have overlapping piles with a spacing smaller than their diameter, making them stiffer and better at limiting groundwater inflow. Both require removal of concrete from previously installed piles for adjacent pile installation. The document also notes that rigid wall systems have more load capacity and require less bracing than flexible systems, and that properly detailing the connection between permanent walls and tunnel structure is important to prevent leakage.

    Original Description:

    Technical Manual for Design and Construction of Tunnels 2

    Original Title

    Technical Manual for Design and Construction of Tunnels 2

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses two types of retaining wall systems used for cut-and-cover tunnel construction: tangent pile walls and secant pile walls. Tangent pile walls have piles that touch end-to-end, while secant pile walls have overlapping piles with a spacing smaller than their diameter, making them stiffer and better at limiting groundwater inflow. Both require removal of concrete from previously installed piles for adjacent pile installation. The document also notes that rigid wall systems have more load capacity and require less bracing than flexible systems, and that properly detailing the connection between permanent walls and tunnel structure is important to prevent leakage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    118 views2 pages

    Technical Manual For Design and Construction of Tunnels 2

    Uploaded by

    John WT'Fank
    This document discusses two types of retaining wall systems used for cut-and-cover tunnel construction: tangent pile walls and secant pile walls. Tangent pile walls have piles that touch end-to-end, while secant pile walls have overlapping piles with a spacing smaller than their diameter, making them stiffer and better at limiting groundwater inflow. Both require removal of concrete from previously installed piles for adjacent pile installation. The document also notes that rigid wall systems have more load capacity and require less bracing than flexible systems, and that properly detailing the connection between permanent walls and tunnel structure is important to prevent leakage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    Figure 5-8 Tangent Pile Wall Construction Schematic

    Figure 5-9 Tangent Pile Wall Support

    Secant pile walls are similar to tangent pile walls except that the drilled shafts overlap each other rather
    than touch each other. This occurs because the center to center spacing of secant piles is less than the

    FHWA-NHI-09-010 5 – Cut and Cover Tunnels


    Road Tunnel Manual 5-10 March 2009
    diameter of the piles. Secant pile walls are stiffer than tangent piles walls and are more effective in
    keeping ground water out of the excavation. They are constructed in the same sequence as tangent pile
    walls. However, the installation of adjacent secant piles requires the removal of a portion of the
    previously constructed pile, specifically a portion of the concrete backfill. Figure 5-10 is a schematic
    showing a plan view of a completed secant pile wall.

    Figure 5-10 Completed Secant Pile Wall Plan View

    In general, rigid support systems have more load carrying capacity than flexible systems. This additional
    load carrying capacity means that they require less bracing. Minimizing the amount of bracing results in
    fewer obstruction inside the excavation if struts or braces are used, making construction activities easier
    to execute. Rigid wall systems incorporated into the final structure can also reduce the overall cost of the
    structure because they combine the support of excavation with the final structure. Waterproofing
    permanent support walls and detailing the connections between the walls and other structure members are
    difficult. This difficulty can potentially lead to leakage of groundwater into the tunnel. The design and
    detailing of the support of excavation must consider the sequence of installation and account for the
    changing loading conditions that will occur as the excavation proceeds and the system is installed.

    5.3.4 Ground Movement and Impact on Adjoining Structures

    An important issue for cut-and-cover tunnel analysis and design is the evaluation and mitigation of
    construction impacts on adjacent structures, facilities, and utilities. By the nature of the methods used,
    cut-and-cover constructions are much more disruptive than bored tunnels. It is important for engineers to
    be familiar with analytical aspects of evaluating soil movement as a result of the excavation, and the
    impacts it can have on existing buildings and utilities at the construction site. Soil movement can be due
    to deflection of the support of excavation walls and ground consolidation:

    x Deflection of support of excavation walls: Walls will deflect into the excavation as it proceeds prior
    to installation of each level of struts or tiebacks supporting the wall. The deflection is greater for
    flexible support systems than for rigid systems. The deflections are not recoverable and they are

    x
    cumulative.
    Consolidation due to dewatering: In excavations where the water table is high, it is often necessary to
    dewater inside the excavation to avoid instability. Dewatering inside the cut may lead to a drop in the
    hydrostatic pressure outside the cut. Depending on the soil strata, this can lead to consolidation and
    settlement of the ground.

    Existing buildings and facilities must be evaluated for the soil movement estimated to occur due to the
    support wall movement during excavation. This evaluation depends on the type of existing structure, its

    FHWA-NHI-09-010 5 – Cut and Cover Tunnels


    Road Tunnel Manual 5-11 March 2009

    You might also like