APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Practical Research II, Humanities and

Social Sciences Strand, this thesis entitled” UNDERSTANDING YOUTH AT-RISK OF

DROPPING OUT AND INTERVENTION PROGRAMS AMONG SENIOR HIGH

STUDENTS IN PAGALANGGANG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL in school year: 2018-

2019; has been preferred and submitted by 12 Humanities and Social Sciences who is hereby

recommended for oral examination.

RODYLIE C. CALIMLIM RPm. MaEd GC

ADVISER

Approved in Partial Fulfillment of Research Project/Culminating Activity, Humanities

and Social Sciences Strand by the committee of

CHAIRMAN

CRITIC/MEMBER CRITIC/MEMBER

MEMBER MEMBER

Accepted and Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Research

Project/Culminating Activity, Humanities and Social Sciences Strand.

March 2019

LORINDA R. POBLETE
School Principal II
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“You will have to leave the city of your comfort, and go into the wilderness of your

intuition. What you’ll discover will be wonderful. What you’ll discover will be yourself’

-Alan Alda.

This quote served as the researcher’s guide and inspirations in pursuing their studies and

creating this thesis. The researcher wishes to express their deepest gratitude and appreciation to

the following who had given their efforts wholeheartedly for the successful accomplishment of

this research.

The researchers give their deepest appreciation and gratitude to the following person to

guide them and give their valuable support and contribution to become their research study as

possible as one.

First and Foremost, Mrs. Rodylie C. Calimlim, their adviser for her virtuous advises,

professional guidance and untiring support throughout the study. Her patience and

encouragement truly inspired the researcher in completing this study.

Second, Lerma C. Gerella for her study who serve as guide and used in supporting

relevant theories, related literature and studies. This research won’t be possible without the big

help of her study.

The researcher extent their sincere thanks and acknowledgement to the grade 12 students

most especially to the selected students in different tracks and strands who allowed the

researcher to gather an interview using the checklist questionnaires to them under somewhat

adverse
 iii

conditions.

On an academic level, the researchers are very grateful for the help of Mrs. Melanie P.

Cortez, who, as their subject teacher, provided support, advice, and direction throughout their

studies as well as to the School Principal Mrs. Lorinda R. Poblete, Senior High School Assistant

Principal II Mrs. Miraflor A. Ronquillo, to the whole faculty and staff of PNHS for their

unending support, patience, enthusiasm, valuable comments and suggestions to serve as their

research adviser for the fulfillment of this study.

Special thanks to their friends: Kyla C. Aguilar, Ronel Z. Ronquillo, Elaigel Anne B.

Santos, Kimberly Mae F. Obado, Jessica B. Payumo, Alecks M. Nicolas, Jershee Ronquillo and

Arjay C. Quintin for being more than a classmate. They are the friends who held their hand

across the miles and help their laugh at all life’s struggles to finish this study. They always

reminded them that they are more than capable and that faith in God was more than enough for

any challenge.

They would like to thank their family for their unending love and support both financially

and morally as they pushed themselves to achieve one of their biggest dreams. Their Mom, they

never stopped believing in their ability and their love strengthens them more than words can say.

Their Dad, they always there for them to trust themselves and always build their self-confidence

and their optimism and humor make their smile and help them believe that they can handle

anything life throws at them. To all their siblings they always inspire them to never stop learning

and believing. Thank you to all of them, they are the sunshine that always lights their way and

warms their heart.

 Lastly, to our Almighty God who are the source of their strengths, knowledge and

wisdom. They know that he always there to provide their needs to finish this study successfully

and to guide them in the right path.

 DEDICATION

They dedicated this paper to all of them because without them this study won’t be

possible.

Every challenging work needs self-efforts and teamwork as well as guidance of elders

who were very close to their heart.

First of all, they dedicate this study to the Almighty God, who gave their strength and

knowledge for their everyday life.

Their humble effort they dedicate to their sweet and loving parents, for their

understanding for their overwhelming, support morally and financially.

To all their siblings for their external and unending love.

Along with all hardworking and respected School Principal II Mrs. Lorinda R. Poblete,

Assistant Senior High School Principal Mrs. Miraflor A. Ronquillo to the whole faculty and staff

of Pagalanggang National High School, especially to Mrs. Melanie P. Cortez their subject

teacher and to Mrs. Rodylie C. Calimlim their research adviser for their valuable knowledge,

guide and support to their study.

To all their respondents and their class advisers for their honest full cooperation to fulfill

all the important facts and information solicited in this present study.
 iv

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to Understand Youth At-Risk of Dropping Out and Intervention

Programs among Senior High Students in Pagalanggang National High School; School Year

2018-2019 where in the results were used as basis for determine the understand student at-risk of

dropping out and its intervention programs. The study was conducted in Pagalanggang Nattional

High School, since it is one of the largest secondary High School in Municipality of

Dinalupihan. Forty-one (41) students were selected using qualification checklist to participate as

respondents in the study including four different strands: Humanities and Social Sciences,

General Academic Strand, Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL)-Agriculture and Technical-

Vocational-Livelihood (TVL)-Computer System Servicing (CSS). These students were

considered at-risks due to many potential problems and factors such as family, financial,

academic, peer and self-esteem. The study also dealt with the demographic profile of the

respondents in term of; age, sex, academic status of students, family monthly income and marital

status of parents.

In the process of data gathering, researchers based on questionnaire-checklist and

interview guide were used. The study employed mixed-method research design. This research

used convenience sampling in determining the respondent. After encoding the data gathering

thus statistical treatment use for analysis and interpretation of the data, frequency, count,

percentage and weighted mean. To be specific for the profile of the respondent frequency and

percentage distribution were used while percentage and mean were utilized in presenting the

factors affecting student at-risk of dropping out.

 Based on the findings of the study, it was revealed that most of the respondents were 18

years old and above, male, have family monthly income ranging Php. 5,001 and below, also have

academic performance ranging 74-79 and most of their parents are married. Also, the study

shown that all factors affecting student at-risk of dropping out are all connected to students lived.

The study proved that the lived experiences of at-risk students do not significantly differ from

one another.

Based on the conclusion of the study, it was recommended the following; (1) The school

administrators, teachers, parents of at-risks students and guidance counselor must have a plan of

action and periodic conference to discuss the problems, needs and academic performance of the

students. This is to establish a close monitoring scheme which is multilateral so that proper

conclusions and interventions for at-risks students are made. (2) The Guidance and Counseling

Office must strengthen its intervention programs and implementing policies like EduChild so

that at-risks students are given proper guidance in addressing potential family, financial,

academic, peer and self-esteem problems and factors that may come along their way. (3) The

potential family, financial, academic, peers and self-esteem problems and factors must be

addressed through group or individual counseling. (4) Provide intervention program to assist the

students at-risk to cope with their academic problems; (5) Craft school level and class level

programs and projects that will address students’ absenteeism. Provide motivating and

interesting activities that will make these students stay in the school. Make the school a ‘happy

school’; (6) Crafting of the School Intervention Plan to address individual needs of at-risk

students based on their own life narratives for them to develop and minimize risks; (7) Schools
need to focus on the development by integrating activities in the different classes which will

address the problems on family, financial, academic, peers and self-esteem. And (8) Conduct

further study in order to validate findings of this study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

DEDICATION iv

ABSTRACT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES vii

LIST OF APPENDICES viii

CHAPTER ix

I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction 1

Background of the Study 3

Statement of the Problem 6

Scope and Delimitation of the Study 7

Significance of the Study 8

Notes in Chapter I 10

II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 Relevant Theories 12

Related Literatures 16

vi

Related Studies 30

Conceptual Framework 45

Hypotheses of the Study 48

Definitions of terms 48

Notes in Chapter II 51

III. METHODS OF RESEARCH

Methods and Techniques of the Study 53

Population and Sample of the Study 54

Research Instruments 56

Construction and Validation of the Instruments 58

Data Gathering Procedures 58

Statistical Treatment of Data 59

IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Profile of the At-Risk Students of Dropping Out 61

Categorized of the Respondents as At-Risk Students 71

Problems and Factors of Student at-Risks 86

Results of Qualitative Analysis using Interview Instrument 95

Propose Intervention Programs Based on the Findings 105

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 108

Conclusions 115

Recommendations 116

BIBLIOGRAPHY 118

APPENDICES 122

CURRICULUM VITAE 150

 LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLES

Figure Title Pages

1 Paradigm of the Research Process 45

2 Themes and Sub-themes 47

Tables

1 Categorized of the Respondents as At-Risk Students (Grade 11) 55

2 Categorized of the Respondents as At-Risk Students (Grade 12) 55

3 Descriptors, Grading Scale and Remarks for the Academic Grades of At-Risk Students 57

4 Frequency and Percentage of the At-Risk Student in terms of Age 61

5 Frequency and Percentage of the At-Risk Student in terms of Sex 63

6 Distribution of At-Risk Grade 11 Students by Academic Grade 64

7 Distribution of At-Risk Grade 11 Students by Academic Grade 66

8 Frequency and Percentage of the At-Risk Student in terms of Academic Performance 68

(General Weighted Average)

9 Frequency and Percentage of the Student at-Risks in terms of Family Monthly Income 69

10 Frequency and Percentage of the At-Risk Student in terms of Marital Status of Parents 70
11 At-Risk Qualification Checklist 84

12 Family Problems and Factors of Student at-Risks 86

13 Financial Problems and Factors of At-Risk Students 88

vii

14 Academic Problems and Factors of At-Risk Student 90

15 Peer Problems and Factors of At-Risk Students 91

16 Self-Esteem Problems and Factors of At-Risk Students 93

17 Summary of Problems and Factors of At-Risk Student 94

 LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices Page
A 122
B 123
C 129
D 130
E 132
F 135
G 137
H 138

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