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    Respiratory System

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    Cellina De Leon
    This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. It describes the structures involved in breathing including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli. It also outlines the process of respiration and gas exchange that occurs in the lungs and at the respiratory membrane.

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    Respiratory System

    Uploaded by

    Cellina De Leon
    25 views2 pages
    This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. It describes the structures involved in breathing including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli. It also outlines the process of respiration and gas exchange that occurs in the lungs and at the respiratory membrane.

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    Respiratory System.docx

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    This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. It describes the structures involved in breathing including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli. It also outlines the process of respiration and gas exchange that occurs in the lungs and at the respiratory membrane.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    25 views2 pages

    Respiratory System

    Uploaded by

    Cellina De Leon
    This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. It describes the structures involved in breathing including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli. It also outlines the process of respiration and gas exchange that occurs in the lungs and at the respiratory membrane.

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    The nose o The glottis

    - Olfactory receptors are located in the mucosa


    on the superior surface Trachea (windpipe)
    - The rest of the cavity is lined with respiratory - 4 inches long tube that connects larynx and
    mucosa (lysozyme enzyme) , which: bronchi
    o Moistens air - Walls are reinforced with C- shaped hyaline
    o Traps incoming foreign particles cartilage, which keeps the trachea patent
    - Lateral walls have projections called conchae - Lined with ciliated mucosa
    o Increase surface area o Cilia beat continuously in the opposite
    o Increase air turbulence within the nasal direction of incoming air
    cavity o Expel mucus loaded with dust and other
    - The nasal cavity is separated from the oral debris away from lungs
    cavity by the palate
    o Anterior hard plate (bone) Main (primary) Bronchi
    o Posterior soft plate (unsupported) - Formed by division of the trachea
    - Functions of the sinuses: - Each bronchus enters the lung at the hilum
    o Lighten the skull (medial depression)
    o Act as resonance chambers for speech - Right bronchus is wider, shorter, straighter than
    o Produce mucus that drains into the left
    nasal cavity - Bronchi subdivide

    The pharynx Lungs


    - Muscular passage form nasal cavity to larynx - Occupy the most of the thoracic cavity
    - 3 regions of the pharynx: o Heart occupies central portion called
    o Nasopharynx, superior region behind mediastinum
    nasal cavity - Apex is near the clavicle (superior portion)
    o Oropharynx, middle region behind - Base rests on the diaphragm (inferior portion)
    mouth (food) - Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures
    o Laryngopharynx, (air) o Left lung- 2 lobes
    - Pharyngotympanic tubes, opnes into the o Right lung – 3lobes
    nasopharynx - Serosa covers the outer surface of the lungs
    - Tonsils (composed of lymphatic cells – produce o Pulmonary (visceral) pleura, covers the
    antibodies) of the pharynx lung surface
    o Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid), located in o Parietal pleura lines the wall of the
    the nasopharynx thoracic cavity
    o Palatine tonsils, located in the
    oropharynx Bronchial (respiratory) Tree Divisions
    o Lingual tonsils, found at the base of the - All but the smallest of these passageways have
    tongue reinforcing cartilage in their walls
    - Conduits to and from the respiratory zone
    Larynx (voice box) o Primary
    - Routes air and food into proper channels o Secondary
    - Plays a role in speech o Tertiary
    - Made of eight rigid hyaline cartilages and a o Bronchioles
    spoon-shaped - Respiratory zone Structures:
    - Thyroid cartilage - Respiratory Membrane
    o Largest of the hyaline cartilages o Thin squamous epithelial layer lines the
    o Protrudes anteriorly alveolar walls
    - Epiglottis o Alveolar pores connect neighboring air
    o Protects sacs
    - Vocal folds (true vocal chords) o Pulmonary capillaries cover external
    o Vibrate with expelled air surface of alveoli
    o Respiratory membrane (air-blood
    barrier)
     On one side
    o Gas crosses the respiratory membrane
    by diffusion
     Oxygen enters the blood
     CO2 enters the alveoli
    o Alveolar microphages, add protection
    by picking up bacteria, carbon particles,
    and other debris
    o Surfactant, (a lipid molecule)
     coats gas exposed alveolar
    surfaces
     Important in lowering of the
    surface tension of the lungs
    - 4 events of Respiration
    1.) Pulmonary ventilation, moving air into and
    out of the lungs (breathing)
    2.) External Respiration
    3.) Respiratory gas transport, transport of O and
    CO2 via the bloodstream
    4.) Internal Respiration

    - Mechanics of breathing (Pulmonary Ventilation)

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